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ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF INSTAGRAM

SUGGESTED ALGORITHM ON STUDENTS'
LEARNING BEHAVIOR FACULTY OF COMPUTER
SCIENCE UNKLAB
Jody Joseph1, Ryan Jose Dickson2, Reynoldus Andrias Sahulata3,
1,2
Fakultas Ilmu Komputer, Universitas Klabat
e-mail: s21810021@student.unklab.ac.id, 2s21810042@student.unklab.ac.id
1

Abstract
Instagram is a social media whose users are currently increasing. The Instagram Suggested Post
feature is one of the features created by Instagram to increase interest in using the application.
Based on this, it is necessary to test to find out how the influence of the Instagram Suggested
Post Algorithm on the learning behavior of Klabat University students using the Theory of
Reasoned Action (TRA) model concept. The sample of this research is the students of the
Faculty of Computer Science, University of Klabat who study in semester 2, the academic year
2021/2022 as many as 639 students and the sample used using the Slovin formula approach as
many as 95 students. The research method used is a quantitative approach with the use of simple
regression analysis and the application of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)
application. The results of this study show that the three hypotheses proposed, namely the first
hypothesis of the Use Attitude (SP) of the Instagram Suggested Post Algorithm have an
influence on Learning Interest (MB) with a t-count value of 6.800 > t-table 1.98580 with a Sig
value. < 0.05. While the second hypothesis Subjective Norm (NS) has an influence on MB with
a t value of 7.302 > t table 1.98580 with a value of Sig. <0.05 and the third hypothesis MB has
an influence on Learning Behavior (PB) with a t-count value of 7.407 > t-table 1.98580 with a
Sig value. < 0.05, then the three hypotheses have a significant relationship so that these three
hypotheses are accepted. The results of this study can be input for lecturers at the University of
Klabat, Faculty of Computer Science to maximize the use of the Suggested Post Algorithm on
the Instagram application in supporting student interest and learning behavior.

Keywords— Suggested Post, Instagram, SPSS, Student, Behavior, Theory of Reasoned Action

1. INTRODUCTION

S ocial media is an online platform where users can share, collaborate, and even help work for
many parties. On the one hand, this will benefit various parties in carrying out their work
and needs related to the convenience of social media; on the other hand, this can also have a
negative impact on users, both psychologically and mentally, if not used properly and wisely
[1]. Social media at this time is certainly more advanced and developing, with various types of
things offered by each platform to its users so that they can interact on social media
comfortably. Based on research from Hootsuite (We are Social): Indonesian Digital Report
2021, 61% of Indonesians are active users of social media [2]. When compared to 2019 research
from Hootsuite (We are Social): Indonesian Digital Report 2019, active social media users in
Indonesia are only 45% [3]. This proves that the use of social media during the COVID-19
pandemic has increased quite rapidly. With the developments offered by each platform as well

Received June1st,2012; Revised June25th, 2012; Accepted July 10th, 2012

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as the advantages that each social media platform has, users have many options for using social
media platforms that suit their tastes and desires. When viewed based on the level of popularity
of social media, one of the biggest at this time is Instagram. If you look at the development of
social media now, there are many social media platforms that have sprung up and are used by
various users around the world.
Many people have used this Instagram site a lot [4]. The main drivers of the use of the
social network Instagram are young people, especially students. Many people wonder about the
usefulness of social media when using it with high intensity. It is very useful for students and
learning activities. Social media coverage can help because social media can support learning
activities. This is one of the advantages of social media that can support academic activities as a
learning tool [5]. Many different impacts are felt in the use of social media. Research conducted
by Kirschner and Karpinski in the United States in 2010 found that students are active users of
social media, but they are more likely to get a lower grade point average score than students
who do not use social media [6]. David Greenfield, an American psychologist, stated that about
6% of users of cyberspace or the internet experience changes that lead to addiction. However,
these people suffer the same adverse effects as drug users, especially when they are lost from
online time. Many people are crazy about the internet because they feel happy and satisfied
playing games on the internet and never find it in their daily life. The internet has made children
dependent because the internet provides a variety of data, toys, and entertainment that makes its
users not stop interacting on the internet. [7]
From this study, David Greenfiled also explains that a person's inability to control
himself when using Instagram becomes a person's routine that cannot be controlled. Instagram
can affect us and even others. In this study, researchers discuss the effect of the Suggested Post
feature from Instagram on student learning behavior using the TRA (Theory of Reasoned
Action) method. This makes it easier for researchers to conduct research on the effect of the
Suggested Post Instagram feature on student learning behavior.
Instagram is one of the social media platforms that has great popularity and a large
number of users from all over the world. In Instagram itself, there are various things that can be
used by users, apart from its basic function of sharing photos and videos. With the various
features provided by Instagram, users have a lot of things to explore [8]. Since its launch in
2010, Instagram has made various developments and added many things to its platform so that
users feel more comfortable and stay on Instagram for a long time.
Although social media provides a variety of diverse and varied content to its users, many are not
aware that everything they see on social media is controlled by the content algorithm in social
media, in which the algorithm applies a polarization system or interest boxing based on the type
of content that every user likes. The provision of content based on preferences that takes place
continuously can lead to addiction and dependence for its users, which can trigger negative
impacts for the users themselves if not controlled wisely [9]. Due to the lack of knowledge and
insight that most social media users have, it seems that they don't care about it and continue to
enjoy social media without thinking about the bad effects they can get. In addition, the addiction
felt by users when interacting on social media makes them unable to realize the bad effects they
are getting because they are too focused on the consumption of various content provided on
their social media [10].
Based on what has been stated, the researcher wants to try to do this research to analyze
and find out how much influence the algorithm in the Instagram Page Suggestion Post has in
providing content to its users, especially to students at the UNKLAB Faculty of Computer
Science.

Received June1st,2012; Revised June25th, 2012; Accepted July 10th, 2012

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2. RESEARCH METHOD

The method applied in this study is a quantitative method, where this method is used to solve
problems in a study related to statistical and numerical data. The following is the conceptual
framework used in this research:

Figure 1 Conceptual Framework

Figure 1 shows that there are 2 parameter variables, namely the attitude of suggested
post Instagram users (SP) and subjective norms (NS), that affect learning interest (MB). Interest
in learning can affect the variable Learning Behavior (PB).

2.1. Population and Sample

The population and sample of this study were active students at the Faculty of Computer
Science, University of Klabat in semester 2, academic year 2021/2022. The method applied in
this study is a quantitative method, where this method is used to solve problems in a study
related to statistical and numerical data [11]. As a determination of the number of samples
studied in this study, the researchers used the Slovin formula to determine the sample.

Slovin's formula:

N
2
1+ N ( e )

639 639
¿ = =86,46 ≈ 87
1+ 639 ( 0,1 ) 7,39
2

Information:
n = sample size
N = population size
e = margin of error

Received June1st,2012; Revised June25th, 2012; Accepted July 10th, 2012

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In calculating the slovin formula, it is known that the population of the Faculty of
Computer Science, University of Klabat is 639 people, with a margin of error of 10% or 0.1, so
the number of samples taken in this study was 87 people.
Based on Slovin's formula, a sample of 87 students from the Faculty of Computer
Science, University of Klabat, was drawn.

2.2. Data Types and Sources

In this study, the type of data used is primary data. Primary data is data/information
obtained from the results of questionnaires distributed to all students in the Faculty of Computer
Science, University of Klabat.

2.3. Measurement Method

In the questions filled out by respondents, the types of questions given use the Likert
Scale method in the form of answers on a scale from 1 to 4 to measure the perceptions and
opinions of students, where the scale has the following levels:
Table 1 Likert scale
Answer Options Abbreviation Score
Strongly Agree SS 4
Agree S 3
Disagree TS 2
Strongly Disagree STS 1

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1. Validity Test

Data processing begins with validity and reliability tests using the SPSS program. A
validity test is needed to see how far the level of accuracy of a data or object of research is in
measuring what is to be measured. A data or object can be said to be valid if the data can be
disclosed appropriately without deviations that are far from the actual situation [12]. Question
items are said to be valid if r count > r table and vice versa if r count < r table then it is invalid.
The distribution of the r-value of the significance table (Sig.) is 0.05. Table 2 shows that all
questionnaire statement items meet the valid criteria.

Table 2 Validity Test Results of User Attitude

No Statement Rcount Rtable (Sig.) Information
1 You are an active Instagram user 0.684 0.05 Valid

2 You open the Suggested Post Instagram 0.826 0.05 Valid

during other activities, such as in class
3 You are often sharing content obtained 0.843 0.05 Valid
from Instagram Suggested Posts (be it
reshared to Instagram Stories or just telling
other people)
4 You are often distracted or have fun by 0.815 0.05 Valid
using these Instagram Suggested posts

Table 3 Validity Test Results of Subjective Norm

Received June1st,2012; Revised June25th, 2012; Accepted July 10th, 2012

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No Statement Rcount Rtable (Sig.) Information

1 You often get the information you need from 0.868 0.05 Valid
Suggested Post on Instagram
2 You feel happy when you access the 0.904 0.05 Valid
Suggested Post on Instagram

Table 4 Validity Test Results of Learning Interest

No Statement Rcount Rtable (Sig.) Information
1 Desire to learn by using Instagram's 0.782 0.05 Valid
Suggested Posts
2 You don't feel bored learning by using 0.729 0.05 Valid
Instagram's Suggested Posts
3 Learn with materials that can be accessed 0.818 0.05 Valid
via Content on Instagram's Suggested Posts
4 Instagram's Suggested Post content is a must 0.736 0.05 Valid
to get information
5 Doing tasks with the help of content from 0.778 0.05 Valid
Instagram's Suggested Posts

Table 5 Validity Test Results of Learning Behavior

No Statement Rcount Rtable (Sig.) Information
1 The habit of following the lesson and then 0.561 0.05 Valid
repeating the lesson afterwards
2 Habit of visiting the library to do 0.758 0.05 Valid
assignments
3 Study habits and difficulties in 0.519 0.05 Valid
understanding the lesson
4 Facing exams by reading textbooks and the 0.580 0.05 Valid
like as study material
5 Use of content from Instagram's Suggested 0.714 0.05 Valid
Posts as study reference material

3.2. Reliability Test

The following reliability test results show the results of the alpha coefficient > a
significance value of 0.6. This shows that all indicators are said to be reliable.

Figure 2 User Attitude Figure 3 Subjective Norm

Received June1st,2012; Revised June25th, 2012; Accepted July 10th, 2012

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Figure 4 Learning Interest Figure 5 Learning Behavior

3.3 Classic Assumption Test

To doing the test for the hypothesis using the simple regression method, each variable
must be tested for feasibility which is divided into three stages, namely the Normality test,
Linearity test, and Heteroscedasticity test. The results obtained are as follows:

3.2.1 Normality Test

The normality test determines whether the residual values are normally distributed or
not. Regularly distributed residual values are a sign of a good regression model. The purpose of
this normal distribution test is to see if the data from the study have a normal distribution and
can be used in parametric statistics [13].

Table 6 Normality Test Results from SP Variable to MB Variable

Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro    
-Wilk
  Statisti df Sig. Statistic df Sig.
c
Unstandardize 0,085 95 0,088 0,978 9 0,116
d Residual 5
a. Lilliefors
Significance
Correction

Table 7 Normality Test Results from NS Variable to MB Variable

Descriptives
      Statistic Std. Error
Unstandardized Mean   0,0000000 0,22743532
Residual
  95% Lower Bound -0,4515782  
Confidence
Interval for
Mean
    Upper Bound 0,4515782  
  5%   0,0350320  
Trimmed
Mean
  Median   -0,2373300  
  Variance   4,914  
  Std.   2,21676527  
Deviation
  Minimum   -5,76620  
  Maximum   5,74342  

Received June1st,2012; Revised June25th, 2012; Accepted July 10th, 2012

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  Range   11,50962  
  Interquartile   3,00000  
Range
  Skewness   -0,270 0,247 -
1,09286
  Kurtosis   -0,223 0,490 -
0,45592

Table 8 Normality Test Results from MB Variable to PB Variable

Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk    
  Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.
Unstandardize 0,082 95 0,118 0,967 95 0,018
d Residual
a. Lilliefors
Significance
Correction

Based on Tables 6 and 8, the results of the Normality test of each variable have a
significance value of > 0.05 while Table 7 of the NS variable to MB has a value of 1.09286 <
1.96 (significance of 0.05), so it can be concluded that the research data are distributed evenly.
normal.

3.2.2 Linearity Test

Linearity is one of the assumptions of regression analysis. This indicates whether the
regression line between the variables X and Y is a linear line or not. Otherwise, the regression
analysis will stop [14].

Table 9 Linearity Test Results from SP Variable to MB Variable

ANOVA Table
      Sum of df Mean F Sig.
Squares Square
Mnat Between (Combined) 291,096 11 26,463 5,042 0,000
Belajar* Groups
Sikap
Pengguna
    Linearity 241,346 1 241,346 45,982 0,000
    Deviation from 49,750 10 4,975 0,948 0,495
Linearity
  Within   435,641 83 5,249    
Groups
  Total   726,737 94      

Table 10 Linearity Test Results from NS Variable to MB Variable

ANOVA Table
      Sum of Squares df Mean F Sig.
Square
Minat Between (Combined) 294,556 6 49,093 9,996 0,000
Belajar * Groups
Norma
Subjektif
    Linearity 264,816 1 264,816 53,921 0,000
    Deviation from 29,740 5 5,948 1,211 0,311
Linearity

Received June1st,2012; Revised June25th, 2012; Accepted July 10th, 2012

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Table 11 Linearity Test Results from MB Variable to PB Variable

ANOVA Table
      Sum of df Mean F Sig.
Squares Square
Perilaku Between (Combined) 17,084 13 1,314 1,332 0,212
Belajar * Groups
Minat
Belajar
    Linearity 1,251 1 1,251 1,268 0,264
    Deviation from 15,833 12 1,319 1,337 0,214
Linearity
  Within   79,917 81 0,987    
Groups
  Total   97,001 94      

Based on Tables 9, 10, and 11 the results of the linearity test on each variable have a
significance value (Sig.) > 0.05 so it can be concluded that there is a significant linear
relationship between each variable.

3.2.3 Heteroscedasticity Test

The heteroscedasticity test determines whether there is an inequality of variance

between the residuals of one observation and the residuals of other observations in the
regression model. A good regression model is a model that does not occur heteroscedasticity
[15].

Table 12 Heteroscedasticity Test Results from SP Variable to MB Variable

Coefficientsa
Model Standardized t Sig.
Coefficients
Beta
1 (Constant) 2,106 0,672 3,134 0,002
Sikap -0,027 0,058 -0,049 - 0,639
Pengguna 0,470
a.
Dependent
Variable:
res_abs

Table 13 Heteroscedasticity Test Results from NS Variable to MB Variable

Coefficientsa
Model Standardized t Sig.
Coefficients
  Beta    
1 (Constant 2,906 0,672   4,327 0,000
)
  Norma -0,184 0,113 -0,167 - 0,106
Subjektif 1,633
a.
Dependent
Variable:
res_abs2

Received June1st,2012; Revised June25th, 2012; Accepted July 10th, 2012

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Table 14 Heteroscedasticity Test Results from MB Variable to PB Variable

Coefficientsa
Model Standardized t Sig.
Coefficients
  Beta    
1 (Constant) 0,637 0,502   1,268 0,208
  Minat Belajar 0,041 0,038 0,114 1,102 0,273
a. Dependent
Variable:
res_abs3

Based on Tables 12, 13, and 14 the results of the heteroscedasticity test on each variable
have a significance value (Sig.) > 0.05 so it can be concluded that the data does not have
heteroscedasticity problems in the regression model.

3.4 Hypothesis Test

The hypothesis test is to find out whether the hypothesis proposed in a study is rejected
or accepted. In this test, two terms are used, namely the null hypothesis or H 0 which is stated as
the hypothesis to be tested, and H1 as a form of rejection of H0. This study uses the t-test as a
method of calculation to assess the existing hypothesis [16].

Table 15 Hypothesis Test Results from SP Variable to MB Variable

Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the
Estimate
1 .576a 0,332 0,325 2,28457
a.
Predictors:
(Constant)
, Sikap
Pengguna
ANOVAa
Model   Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regressio 241,346 1 241,346 46,242 .000b
n
  Residual 485,390 93 5,219    
  Total 726,737 94      
a.
Dependent
Variable:
Minat
Belajar
b.
Predictors:
(Constant)
, Sikap
Pengguna
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized t Sig.
Coefficients
    B Std. Error Beta    
1 (Constant) 5,680   5,120 0,000
  Sikap 0,652 0,096 0,576 6,800 0,000

Received June1st,2012; Revised June25th, 2012; Accepted July 10th, 2012

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Pengguna
a.
Dependent
Variable:
Minat
Belajar

Based on table 15 above, the Model Summary column of Adjusted R Square shows that
the SP variable shows 0.325. This means that the SP variable has an influence of 32.5% on the
MB variable.
In the ANOVA table, the SP to MB variable shows that SP to MB has a value of F count
46.242 > Ftable 3.94 with the value in the Sig column. < 0.05. This shows that the SP variable has
a significant effect on MB.
In the Coefficients table, the column tcount is 6,800 > ttable 1,98580 with a value of Sig. <
0.05. Meaning that the SP variable has an influence on the MB variable, so it can be concluded
that the first hypothesis is accepted.

Table 16 Hypothesis Test Results from NS Variable to MB Variable

Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R Std. Error of
Square the Estimate
1 .604a 0,364 0,358 2,22865
a.
Predictors:
(Constant)
, Norma
Subjektif
ANOVAa
Model   Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regressio 264,816 1 264,816 53,31 .000b
n 6
  Residual 461,921 93 4,967    
  Total 726,737 94      
a.
Dependent
Variable:
Minat
Belajar
b.
Predictors:
(Constant)
, Norma
Subjektif
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized t Sig.
Coefficients
    B Std. Error Beta    
1 (Constant) 4,314 1,218   3,541 0,001
  Norma 1,490 0,204 0,604 7,302 0,000
Subjektif
a.
Dependent
Variable:
Minat
Belajar

Received June1st,2012; Revised June25th, 2012; Accepted July 10th, 2012

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Based on table 16 above, the Model Summary column of Adjusted R Square shows that
the NS variable shows 0.358. This means that the NS variable has an effect of 35.8% on the MB
variable.
In the ANOVA table, the variable NS to MB shows that the variable NS to MB has a
value of Fcount 53.316 > Ftable 3.94 with the value in the Sig column. < 0.05. This shows that the
NS variable has a significant effect on MB.
In the Coefficients table, the column tcount is 7.302 > ttable 1.98580 with the value of Sig. <
0.05. Meaning that the NS variable has an influence on the MB variable, so it can be concluded
that the second hypothesis is accepted.

Table 17 Hypothesis Test Results from MB Variable to PB Variable

Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R Std. Error of
Square the Estimate
1 .609a 0,371 0,364 1,56866
a. Predictors:
(Constant),
Minat Belajar

ANOVAa
Model   Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression 134,988 1 134,988 54,858 .000b
  Residual 228,843 93 2,461    
  Total 363,832 94      
a. Dependent
Variable:
Perilaku
Belajar
b. Predictors:
(Constant),
Minat Belajar

Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized t Sig.
Coefficients
    B Std. Error Beta    
1 (Constant) 7,732 0,776   9,960 0,000
  Minat Belajar 0,431 0,058 0,609 7,407 0,000
a. Dependent
Variable:
Perilaku
Belajar

Based on table 17 above, the Model Summary column of Adjusted R Square shows that
the MB variable shows 0.364. This means that the NS variable has an effect of 36.4% on the PB
variable.
In the ANOVA table, the variable MB to PB shows that MB to PB has a value of F count
54.858 > Ftable 3.94 with the value in the Sig column. < 0.05. This shows that the MB variable
has a significant effect on PB.
In the Coefficients table, the column tcount is 7.407 > ttable 1.98580 with the value of Sig. <
0.05. Meaning that MB influences the PB variable, so it can be concluded that the third
hypothesis is accepted.

Received June1st,2012; Revised June25th, 2012; Accepted July 10th, 2012

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4. CONCLUSION

The conclusions that can be obtained based on the results of the study are as follows:

1. The research model adopted from the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) is a model that
can be applied to determine the effect of the Suggested Post Instagram Algorithm on
student learning interest.
2. Based on the test results, it can be analyzed that the first hypothesis, namely the User
Attitude (SP) of the Instagram Suggested Post Algorithm has an influence on Learning
Interest (MB) then the second hypothesis, Subjective Norm (NS) has an influence on
MB and the third hypothesis MB has an influence on Learning Behavior (PB) so that
the results of all hypotheses can be accepted according to the problem formulation that
has been described.

5. SUGGESTION

The suggestions from researchers as a form of hope can provide benefits for related parties and
further research, as follows:

Advice for Klabat University's students:

The algorithm from the Suggested Post Instagram influences student interest in learning, so it is
hoped that students can use this Suggested Post as a means of learning.

Suggestions for further research:

1. This research only focuses on Klabat University students, especially in the Faculty of
Computer Science, but it is hoped that future researchers can research towards all of
Klabat University's students.
2. In future research, you can look for other research models besides the research model in
this study.

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Received June1st,2012; Revised June25th, 2012; Accepted July 10th, 2012