Prac 3 Akshat Mittal.

wxm 1 / 20

Calculus Practical- III

(Plotting of Parametric
Functions)

1 x²+y²=1
x= cos(t) , y= sin(t)

(%i1) wxplot2d([parametric,cos(t),sin(t),[t,0,2·%pi]],[x,−2,2],[y,−2,2],[yx_ratio,1]);

(%t1)

(%o1)

Observation: A circle with radius of 1 unit is obtained.

2 Ist Curve : x²/4+y²/9=1

IInd Curve : x²/9+y²/4=1
For Ist curve : x=2cos(t) , y=3sin(t)
For IInd curve : x=3cos(t) , y=2sin(t)
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(%i2) wxplot2d([[parametric,2·cos(t),sin(t)·3,[t,0,2·%pi]],
[parametric,3·cos(t),sin(t)·2,[t,0,2·%pi]]],[x,−5,5],[y,−5,5],
[yx_ratio,1],[legend,"I st Curve","II nd curve"]);

(%t2)

(%o2)

Observation: Two Ellipses are obtained having major axis as y-axis

and x-axis respectively.

3 x²/9-y²/4=1
x= sec(t) , y= tan(t)
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(%i3) wxplot2d([parametric,3·sec(t),2·tan(t),[t,−4,4]],[x,−10,10],[y,−10,10]);
plot2d: some values were clipped.

(%t3)

(%o3)

Observation: A Hyperbola with focal axis as x-axis is obtained.

4 Ist Curve : y²=8x

IInd Curve : y²=-8x
IIIrd Curve : x²=8y
IVth Curve : x²=-8y
For Ist curve : x=2t² , y=4t
For IInd Curve : x=-2t² , y=4t
For IIIrd curve : x=4t , y=2t²
For IVth curve : x=4t , y=-2t²
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(%i4) wxplot2d([[parametric,2·t·t,4·t,[t,−5,5]],[parametric,−2·t·t,4·t,[t,−5,5]],
[parametric,4·t,2·t·t,[t,−5,5]],[parametric,4·t,−2·t·t,[t,−5,5]]],
[yx_ratio,1],[x,−10,10],[y,−10,10],[legend,"I st Curve",
"II nd curve","III rd curve","IV th curve"]);
plot2d: some values were clipped.
plot2d: some values were clipped.
plot2d: some values were clipped.
plot2d: some values were clipped.

(%t4)

(%o4)

Observation: 4 Standard Parabolas are obtained in which Ist and IInd

curve
have x-axis as focal axis while IIIrd and IVth curve are having y-axis
as focal axis.

5 9y²=x+9
x= 9t , y=√(t+1)
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(%i5) wxplot2d([[parametric,9·t,(t+1)^0.5,[t,−5,5]],[parametric,9·t,−(t+1)^0.5,[t,−5,5]]],[x,−10,10],[y,−2,2]);
plot2d: expression evaluates to non-numeric value somewhere in plotting range.
plot2d: some values were clipped.
plot2d: expression evaluates to non-numeric value somewhere in plotting range.
plot2d: some values were clipped.

(%t5)

(%o5)

Observation: A parabola is obtained with x-axis as focal axis and (-9,0)

as vertex.

6 16y²-9x²=144
x= 4tan(t) , y=3sec(t)
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(%i6) wxplot2d([parametric,4·tan(t),3·sec(t),[t,−4,4]],[x,−50,50],[y,−50,50]);
plot2d: some values were clipped.

(%t6)

(%o6)

Observation: A Hyperbola with focal axis as y-axis is obtained.

7 x²+y²=e^[-2(tan^(-1))(y/x)]
For lower Half: x= e^(-t)cos(t) , y= -e^(-t)sin(t)
For upper Half: x= -e^(-t)cos(t) , y= e^(-t)sin(t)
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(%i7) wxplot2d([[parametric,(%e^(−t))·sin(t),−(%e^(−t))·cos(t),[t,0,2·%pi]],
[parametric,−(%e^(−t))·sin(t),(%e^(−t))·cos(t),[t,0,2·%pi]]],[x,−1.5,1.5],[y,−1.5,1.5]);

(%t7)

(%o7)

8 Trocoid
x=at-bsin(t)
y=a-bcos(t)

8.1 Case I: Cycloid, where a=b=let '3'

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(%i8) wxplot2d([parametric,3·t−3·sin(t),3−3·cos(t),[t,−10,10]],[y,−10,10]);

(%t8)

(%o8)

8.2 Case II: Curtate, where a(let '5')> b(let '3')

(%i9) wxplot2d([parametric,5·t−3·sin(t),5−3·cos(t),[t,−10,10]],[y,−10,10]);

(%t9)

(%o9)

8.3 Case III: Prolate, where b(let '5')> a(let '3')

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(%i10) wxplot2d([parametric,3·t−5·sin(t),3−5·cos(t),[t,−10,10]],[y,−10,10]);

(%t10)

(%o10)

9 Epicycloid
x=(a+b)cos(t)-bcos((a+b)/b)(t)
y=(a+b)sin(t)-bsin((a+b)/b)(t)

9.1 Case I: When a=b=let '3'

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(%i11) wxplot2d([parametric,6·cos(t)−3·cos(2·t),6·sin(t)−3·sin(2·t),[t,−10,10]],[x,−10,10],[y,−10,10]);

(%t11)

(%o11)

9.2 Case II: When a(let '4')> b(let '2')

(%i12) wxplot2d([parametric,6·cos(t)−2·cos(3·t),6·sin(t)−2·sin(3·t),[t,−10,10]],[x,−10,10],[y,−10,10]);

(%t12)

(%o12)

9.3 Case III: When a(let '2')< b(let '4')

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(%i13) wxplot2d([parametric,6·cos(t)−4·cos((3·t)/2),6·sin(t)−4·sin((3·t)/2),[t,−10,10]],[x,−15,15],[y,−10,10]);

(%t13)

(%o13)

10 Hypocycloid
x=(a-b)cos(t)+bcos((a-b)/b)(t)
y=(a-b)sin(t)-bsin((a-b)/b)(t)

10.1 Case I: When a/b=2 , let a=4 and b=2

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(%i14) wxplot2d([parametric,2·cos(t)+2·cos(2·t/2),2·sin(t)−2·sin(2·t/2),[t,−5,5]]);

(%t14)

(%o14)

10.2 Case II: When a/b=3 , let a=6 and b=2

(%i15) wxplot2d([parametric,4·cos(t)+2·cos(2·t),4·sin(t)−2·sin(2·t),[t,−5,5]]);

(%t15)

(%o15)

10.3 Case III: When a/b=4 , let a=8 and b=2

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(%i16) wxplot2d([parametric,6·cos(t)+2·cos(3·t),6·sin(t)−2·sin(3·t),[t,−5,5]]);

(%t16)

(%o16)

11 Hyperbola
let equation for Hyperbola be⇒ x²/9-y²/4=1
According to Standard notation⇒ a=3 and b=2 ,c =√13
Asymptotes⇒ y=± 2x/3
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(%i17) wxplot2d([[parametric,3·sec(t),2·tan(t),[t,−10,10]],[parametric,3·t/2,t,[t,−10,10]],
[parametric,3·t/2,−t,[t,−10,10]],[parametric,(13)^0.5·cos(t),(13)^0.5·sin(t),[t,−10,10]],
[parametric,t,2,[t,−3,3]],[parametric,t,−2,[t,−3,3]],[parametric,3,t,[t,−2,2]],
[parametric,−3,t,[t,−2,2]]],[x,−7,7],[y,−7,7],[yx_ratio,1],[legend,false]);
plot2d: some values were clipped.
plot2d: some values were clipped.
plot2d: some values were clipped.

(%t17)

(%o17)

Practice Questions
1 x=tcos(t), y=tsin(t)
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(%i18) wxplot2d([parametric,t·cos(t),t·sin(t),
[t,−2·%pi,2·%pi]],[x,−2·%pi,2·%pi],
[title,"x=tcos(t), y=tsin(t)"]);

(%t18)

(%o18)

2 x=t³/(1+t²),y=2t²/(1+t²)

(%i19) wxplot2d([parametric,t^3/(1+t^2),
2·t^2/(1+t^2),[t,−4·%pi,4·%pi]],[title,"x=t³/(1+t²),y=2t²/(1+t²)"]);

(%t19)

(%o19)
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3 x=2t-3,y=6t-7

(%i20) wxplot2d([parametric,(2·t)−3,(6·t)−7,[t,−20,20]]);

(%t20)

(%o20)

4 x=31cos(t)-7cos(31/7)t,
y=31sin(t)-7sin(31/7)t,
(0≤t≤14π)
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(%i21) wxplot2d([parametric,31·cos(t)−
7·cos((31/7)·t),31·sin(t)−7·sin((31/7)·t),[t,0,14·%pi]]);

(%t21)

(%o21)

5 x=17cos(t)+7cos((17/7)t),
y=17şin(t)-7sin((17/7)t),
(0≤t≤14π)
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(%i22) wxplot2d([parametric,17·cos(t)+
7·cos((17/7)·t),17·sin(t)−7·sin((17/7)·t),[t,0,14·%pi]]);

(%t22)

(%o22)

6 x=cos(t)+(1/2)cos(7t)+(1/3)sin(17t),
y=sin(t)+(1/2)sin(7t)+(1/3)cos(17t),
(0≤t≤2π)
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(%i23) wxplot2d([parametric,cos(t)+0.5·cos(7·t)+(1/3)·sin(17·t),
sin(t)+0.5·sin(7·t)+(1/3)·cos(17·t),[t,0,2·%pi]]);

(%t23)

(%o23)

7 x=[2+cos(5t/2)]cos(t),
y=[2+cos(5t/2)]sin(t)

(%i24) wxplot2d([parametric,
(2+cos((5·t)/2))·cos(t),(2+cos((5·t)/2))·sin(t),[t,−2·%pi,2·%pi]]);

(%t24)

(%o24)
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8 Butterfly Curve

(%i25) wxplot2d([parametric,cos(t)·(exp(cos(t))−2·cos(4·t)+sin(t/4)^3),
sin(t)·(exp(cos(t))−2·cos(4·t)+sin(t/4)^3),[t,0,4·%pi]],[title,"Butterfly Curve"]);

(%t25)

(%o25)

Observation: A curve similar to the shape of a butterfly is obtained.