Krishelle Anne U.

Teofilo BSN III B NDH NS1 Group 3

Drug Study
NAME OF MECHANISM OF DOSAGE INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS SIDE EFFECTS NURSING
DRUG ACTION RESPONSIBILITIES
Generic name: Blocks binding of Dosage: For maintenance treatment  Hypersensitivity to the CNS: Dizziness,
Before administration:
Losartan angiotensin II to 50 mg/tab of asthma drugs and its contents fatigue, headache, 1. Check proper dosage
Potassium receptor sites in  Diabetic patients insomnia, malaise for the right patient
many tissues, Frequency:  Impaired renal or CV: Hypotension 2. Document vital signs
Brand name: including vascular 50 mg/tab OD PO  hepatic function EENT: Nasal especially blood
Cozaar smooth muscle and  Patients undergoing congestion pressure, pulse rate and
adrenal glands. Route: aliskiren therapy GI: Diarrhea, weight
Classification: Angiotensin II is a Oral indigestion, nausea,3. Note for possible drug
Antihypertensive potent vomiting interactions
vasoconstrictor that HEME: 4. Advise patient to drink
also stimulates the Thrombocytopenia a lot of fluids
adrenal cortex to MS: Back pain, leg
secrete aldosterone. pain, muscle spasms During administration:
The inhibiting RESP: Cough, 1. Advise patient to
effects of upper respiratory intake this
angiotensin II tract infection Losartan at the
reduce blood SKIN: same time each day
pressure. Erythroderma 2. If missed dose,
Inhibits Other: advise him to take
vasoconstrictive and Angioedema, as soon as possible
aldosterone hyperkalemia, and go back to
secreting action of hyponatremia original routine
angiotensin II by time
blocking angiotensin 3. Take note that this
II receptor on the can be taken with
surface of vascular or without food
smooth muscle and
other tissue cells. After administration:
1. Monitor blood
pressure and renal
function studies to
 evaluate drug
effectiveness.
2. Periodically monitor
patient’s serum
potassium level, as
appropriate, to detect
hyperkalemia.
3. Assess dizziness that
might affect gait,
balance, and other
functional activities.
Report balance
problems and
functional limitations
to the physician, and
caution the patient and
family/caregivers to
guard against falls and
trauma.
4. Watch for and report
signs of impaired
renal function,
including decreased
urine output, cloudy
urine, or sudden
weight gain due to
fluid retention.
5. Make patient
remember not to take
Losartan if there is
sudden increase in
blood pressure
 NAME OF MECHANISM OF DOSAGE INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS SIDE EFFECTS NURSING
DRUG ACTION RESPONSIBILITIES
Generic name: Omeprazole Dosage: For the short-term  diarrhea from an CNS: Agitation,
Before administration:
Omeprazole interferes with 40 mg treatment of peptic ulcer infection with asthenia, dizziness, 1. Note for possible drug
gastric acid disease in adults\ Clostridium difficile drowsiness, fatigue, interactions
Brand name: secretion by Frequency: bacteria headache, psychic 2. Encourage patient to
Losec (CAN) inhibiting the 40 mg IV now To provide short-term  inadequate vitamin disturbance, avoid alcohol, aspirin
hydrogen then OD treatment of B12 somnolence products, ibuprofen,
Classification: potassium - active benign gastric ulcer  low amount of CV: Chest pain, and foods that may
Antiulcer adenosine Route: magnesium in the hypertension, increase gastric
triphosphatase IV blood peripheral secretions during
(H + K + -ATPase)  liver problems edema therapy.
enzyme system, or  a type of kidney EENT: Anterior
3. Tell him to notify all
proton pump, in inflammation called ischemic optic prescribers about
gastric parietal cells. interstitial nephritis neuropathy, prescription drug use.
Normally, the  subacute cutaneous optic atrophy or 4. Monitor patient’s vital
proton pump uses lupus erythematosus neuritis, stomatitis signs
energy ENDO: 5. Make sure the patient
 systemic lupus
from hydrolysis of Hypoglycemia receives the right
erythematosus, an
adenosine autoimmune disease GI: Abdominal dosage
triphosphate pain, constipation,
 osteoporosis, a
to drive hydrogen diarrhea, During administration:
condition of weak
(H+) and chloride Clostridium 1. Observe aseptic
bones
(Cl−) difficile-associated technique
 a broken bone
out of parietal cells diarrhea, dyspepsia, 2. Do not massage the
and into the stomach  CYP2C19 poor elevated liver injected area
lumen in exchange metabolizer function 3. Observe patient’s
for potassium (K+),  Hypersensitivity to tests, flatulence, tolerance during
which leaves the drug and its contents hepatic dysfunction administration
stomach lumen and or
enters parietal cells. failure, indigestion, After administration:
After this exchange, nausea, 1. Dispose syringe in
H+ and Cl− pancreatitis, proper trashbin
combine in the vomiting 2. Because drug can
stomach to GU: Interstitial interfere with
nephritis absorption of vitamin
form hydrochloric HEME: B12, monitor patient
acid (HCl), as Agranulocytosis, for macrocytic anemia.
shown anemia, hemolytic 3. Monitor patient for
below left. anemia, leukopenia, bone fracture,
Omeprazole leukocytosis, especially in patients
irreversibly blocks neutropenia, receiving multiple
the exchange of pancytopenia, daily doses for more
intracellular H+ and thrombocytopenia than a year because
extracellular K+, as MS: Back pain, proton pump inhibitors,
shown below right. bone fracture such as omeprazole,
By RESP: Cough increase risk for
preventing H+ from SKIN: Erythema osteoporosis-related
entering the stomach multiforme, photo fractures of the hip,
lumen, omeprazole sensitivity, pruritus, wrist, or spin
keeps additional rash, Stevens- 4. Advise patient to notify
HCl Johnson prescriber immediately
from forming. syndrome, toxic about abdominal pain
epidermal or diarrhea.
necrolysis, 5. Instruct patient to
urticaria report bothersome or
Other: prolonged side effects,
Anaphylaxis, including skin
angioedema, problems (itching,
hypomagnesemia, rash) or GI effects
hyponatremia (nausea, diarrhea,
vomiting, constipation,
heartburn, flatulence,
abdominal pain).
 NAME OF MECHANISM OF DOSAGE INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS SIDE EFFECTS NURSING
DRUG ACTION RESPONSIBILITIES
Generic name: Piperacillin inhibits Dosage: To treat moderate to  Hypersensitivity to CNS: headache, Before administration:
Piperacillin bacterial cell-wall 1.5 mg severe bacterial penicillins, insomnia, agitation, 1. Ask patient about
sodium and synthesis, resulting Infections cephalosporins, dizziness, anxiety, allergy to penicillins,
Tazobactam in cell death. Binds Frequency: imipenems, or lethargy, cephalosporins,
sodium to specific 1.5 mg IV q 8 To provide surgical betalactamase hallucinations, imipenems, or beta-
penicillin-binding ANST (-) prophylaxis inhibitors depression, lactamase inhibitors
Brand name: proteins twitching, coma, before giving
and inhibits the third Route: seizures 2. Conduct a skin test 30
Zosyn
and final stage of IV CV: hypertension, minutes before
bacterial cell wall chest pain, administration note for
Classification:
synthesis by tachycardia reactions
Antiinfectives
interfering EENT: rhinitis, 3. Don’t mix with other
with an autolysin glossitis drugs. If possible, stop
inhibitor. GI: nausea, primary infusion while
Uninhibited vomiting, diarrhea, piperacillin infuses.
autolytic enzymes constipation, 4. Don’t mix in same
destroy the cell wall dyspepsia, container with
and abdominal pain, aminoglycosides,
result in cell lysis pseudomembranous which are chemically
Tazobactam colitis incompatible with
increases GU: proteinuria, piperacillin.
piperacillin hematuria, vaginal
Efficacy and candidiasis, During administration:
prevents the vaginitis, oliguria, 1. Observe aseptic
destruction of interstitial technique
piperacillin. nephritis, 2. Dilute each gram with
glomerulonephritis 5 ml of diluent, such as
Hematologic: sterile or bacteriostatic
anemia, increased water for injection,
bleeding, bone normal saline solution
marrow depression, for injection, dextrose
leukopenia, 5% in water, dextrose
thrombocytopenia 5% in normal saline
solution for injection,
Metabolic: or 6% dextran in
hypokalemia, normal saline solution.
hypernatremia Don’t use lactated
Respiratory: Ringer’s solution
dyspnea 3. Shake vial until drug
Skin: rash, pruritus dissolves. Dilute again
Other: fever; pain, to a final volume of 50
edema, ml; infuse over 30
inflammation, or minutes
phlebitis at I.V. site; 4. Observe patient while
superinfection; infusing the medication
hypersensitivity
reactions including After administration:
serum sickness and 1. Always wash hands
anaphylaxis thoroughly and
disinfect equipment
2. Assess neurologic
status, especially for
seizures
3. Monitor vital signs and
fluid intake and output
4. Evaluate electrolyte
levels, CBC with white
cell differential, and
culture and sensitivity
tests. Watch for
evidence of
hypokalemia and blood
dyscrasias
5. Monitor patient’s
dietary sodium intake
6. As appropriate, review
all other significant and
life-threatening adverse
reactions and
interactions
7. Instruct patient to
report unusual pain,
redness, swelling, or
other changes at
infusion site.
8. Tell patient to monitor
urinary output and
report significant
changes
NAME OF DRUG MECHANISM OF DOSAGE INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS SIDE EFFECTS NURSING
ACTION RESPONSIBILITIES
Generic name: Reduces plasma Dosage: To reduce debilitating  Hypersensitivity to CNS: Abnormal Before administration:
Atorvastatin cholesterol and 40 mg cardiovascular drug or its dreams, amnesia, 1. Know that atorvastatin
calcium lipoprotein events such as stroke and Components asthenia, should not be used in
levels by inhibiting Frequency: MI in  Active hepatic disease cognitive patients taking
Brand name: HMG-CoA 40 mg tab OD patients with multiple risk or unexplained, impairment, cyclosporine,
Lipitor reductase factors but persistent serum depression, gemfibrozil, tipranavir
and cholesterol Route: without known coronary transaminase dizziness, plus ritonavir, or
Classification: synthesis in the Oral artery elevations emotional lability, telaprevir because of
Antihyperlipidemic/ liver and by disease facial paralysis, high risk for
HMG-CoA increasing the fatigue, rhabdomyolysis with
reductase inhibitor number of LDL fever, headache, acute renal failure
receptors on hyperkinesia, lack 2. Use atorvastatin
liver cells to of cautiously in patients
enhance LDL coordination, who consume
uptake and malaise, substantial quantities
breakdown. paresthesia, of alcohol or have a
peripheral history of liver disease
Inhibits HMG-CoA neuropathy, because atorvastatin
reductase, which somnolence, use increases risk of
catalyzes first step syncope, weakness liver dysfunction.
in cholesterol CV: Arrhythmias, 3. Expect liver function
synthesis; this elevated serum CK tests to be performed
action reduces level, before atorvastatin
concentrations of orthostatic therapy starts and then
serum cholesterol hypotension, thereafter as clinically
and low-density palpitations, necessary.
lipoproteins phlebitis, 4. Emphasize that
(LDLs), linked to vasodilation atorvastatin is an
increased EENT: Amblyopia, adjunct to—not a
risk of coronary altered refraction, substitute for—a low-
artery disease dry cholesterol diet.
(CAD). eyes, dry mouth, 5. Monitor vital signs of
epistaxis, eye patient
hemorrhage,
Also moderately gingival 6. Note for possible drug
increases hemorrhage, interactions
concentration glaucoma, glossitis,
of high-density hearing loss, lip During administration:
lipoproteins swelling, loss of 1. Tell patient to take
(HDLs), taste, drug at the same time
associated with pharyngitis, each day to maintain
decreased risk of sinusitis, stomatitis, its effects
CAD. taste 2. Instruct patient to take
perversion, tinnitus a missed dose as soon
ENDO: as possible. If it’s
Hyperglycemia or almost time for his
hypoglycemia next dose, he should
GI: Abdominal or skip the missed dose.
biliary pain, Tell him not to double
anorexia, the dose
colitis, 3. Limit the water intake
constipation, of patient as he takes
diarrhea, duodenal his medicines as it can
or have unwanted effects
stomach ulcers, to the liver
dysphagia, elevated 4. It can be taken before
liver or after meals.
enzymes,
eructation, After administration:
esophagitis, 1. Monitor diabetic
flatulence, patient’s blood glucose
gastroenteritis, levels because
hepatic failure, atorvastatin therapy
hepatitis, can affect blood
increased appetite, glucose control.
indigestion, 2. Instruct patient to
jaundice, consult prescriber
melena, before taking OTC
pancreatitis, rectal niacin because of
hemorrhage,
tenesmus, vomiting increased risk of
GU: Abnormal rhabdomyolysis.
ejaculation; 3. Advise patient to
cystitis; notify prescriber
decreased libido; immediately if he
dysuria; develops unexplained
epididymitis; muscle pain,
hematuria; tenderness, or
impotence; weakness, especially if
nephritis; nocturia; accompanied by
renal calculi; fatigue or fever
urinary frequency, 4. Monitor blood glucose
incontinence, or regularly
urgency; urine 5. Assess peripheral
retention; edema using girth
vaginal measurements, volume
hemorrhage displacement, and
HEME: Anemia, measurement of pitting
thrombocytopenia edema
MS: Arthralgia, 6. Monitor chest pain or
back or muscle symptoms of
pain, bronchitis (cough,
bursitis, gout, production of sputum,
immune-mediated shortness of breath,
necrotizing wheezing). Report
myopathy, leg prolonged or severe
cramps, myalgia, symptoms to the
myasthenia gravis, physician.
myopathy, myositis,
neck rigidity,
rhabdomyolysis,
tendon
contracture or
rupture,
tenosynovitis,
torticollis
RESP: Dyspnea,
pneumonia
SKIN: Acne,
alopecia, contact
dermatitis,
diaphoresis, dry
skin, ecchymosis,
eczema,
erythema
multiforme,
petechiae,
photosensitivity,
pruritus, rash,
seborrhea,
Stevens-Johnson
syndrome, toxic
epidermal
necrolysis,
ulceration,
urticaria
Other:
Anaphylaxis,
angioneurotic
edema,
flulike symptoms,
infection,
lymphadenopathy,
weight gain
 NAME OF MECHANISM OF DOSAGE INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS SIDE EFFECTS NURSING
DRUG ACTION RESPONSIBILITIES
Generic name: Paracetamol Dosage: To treat Fever, Mild to  Hypersensitivity. Significant: Before administration:
Paracetamol exhibits analgesic 300 mg moderate pain  Severe hepatic Thrombocytopenia, 1. Assess patient for
action by peripheral impairment or active leucopenia, history of liver disease
Brand name: blockage of pain Frequency: liver disease neutropenia, or alcohol abuse.
Ifimol IV impulse generation. 300 mg q 4 PRN pancytopenia, 2. Monitor vital signs
It produces for temp ≥ 380C methaemoglobinaemia, 3. Note for possible drug
Classification: antipyresis by agranulocytosis, and food interactions
Analgesics and inhibiting the Route: angioedema, pain and 4. Check that the patient
antipyretics hypothalamic heat- IV burning sensation at inj is not taking any other
regulating centre. site. Rarely, medication containing
Its weak anti- hypotension and paracetamol
inflammatory tachycardia. 5. Verify any medication
activity is related to Gastrointestinal order and make sure
inhibition of disorders: Nausea, it's complete
prostaglandin vomiting, constipation. 6. Educate patient about
synthesis in the Nervous system medications
CNS. disorders: Headache. 7. Assess patient’s pain
Synonym: Psychiatric disorders:
acetaminophen. Insomnia. During administration:
Skin and 1. Observe aseptic
subcutaneous tissue technique
disorders: Erythema, 2. Inject intravenously to
flushing, pruritus. parts where there is no
Potentially Fatal: tenderness, swelling or
Hepatotoxicity, acute bruises.
renal tubular necrosis. 3. Dispose materials of
Rarely, proper trash bin
hypersensitivity
reactions such as acute After administration:
generalised 1. Monitor for S&S of:
exanthematous hepatotoxicity, even
pustulosis (AGEP), with moderate
Stevens-Johnson acetaminophen doses,
syndrome (SJS), toxic especially in
epidermal necrolysis individuals with poor
(TEN). nutrition or who have
ingested alcohol over
prolonged periods;
poisoning, usually
from accidental
ingestion or suicide
attempts; potential
abuse from
psychological
dependence
2. evaluate the
respiratory rate and
pulse oximetry after
administration of the
medication.
3. Assess patient’s pain
4. Advise patient and
significant others or
reporting adverse
effects.
5. Provide non-
therapeutic
interventions to relieve
pain and provide
comfortability.