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Cable laying abstract
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abstract  Home

Abstract
of Installation & ABOUT ME
Maintenance of Cable upto 33KV Bhagwan Prasad
Panipat, Haryana, India
1)    Route Indicator            Chartered Engineer in
Power
cable route indicators Electrical Engineering having
should be provided at an interval 20 years experience in Power Distribution,
not exceeding 30 M and
also at Electrical Maintenance, Electrical Projects,
turning points of the power cable basic of SAP, Design, estimation and
route wherever practicable. costing of power distribution,EPC for indoor
substation,street lighting, Language with
Cable laying abstract English, Hindi, Bhojpuri Keen interested in
2)    Electrolytic corrosion:
Sharing information/experience and help
Where
the possibility of
technical enthusiasts to update themselves
electrolytic corrosion exists, for example, adjacent to dc
traction system, the potential
on various Engineering Topics. CONTACT
gradient along the pipe-line and the cable
sheath should be specified. :amieclub@gmail.com
View my complete profile
3)    Neutral
The
neutral point is earthed in such a manner that during a line-to-earth fault the
highest
rms voltage to earth of a sound phase(s) expressed as a percentage of
the highest line-to- BLOG ARCHIVE
line voltage, does not exceed 80 percent, irrespective of
the fault location, ► 
2022
(3)
► 
2021
(2)
4)    Earthing
► 
2020
(9)
The
neutral point is not earthed but a device is installed which automatically and
instantly
cuts out any part of the system which becomes accidentally earthed.
In case of ac systems ► 
2019
(3)
only, the neutral point is earthed through an arc
suppression coil with arrangement for ► 
2018
(9)
isolation within one hour for the
non-radial field cables and within 8 hours for radial field
► 
2017
(5)
cables, of
occurrence of the fault provided that the total of such periods in a year does
not
exceed 125 hours. ► 
2016
(3)
► 
2015
(26)
5)    Tensile Strength           ► 
2014
(5)
Maximum
Permissible Tensile Strength for Cables: PVC and XLPE insulated armoured
▼ 
2013
(21)
power
cables P = 9 D2,
► 
November
(2)
Where,
P=Pulling Strength (N),
D=Outer Diameter of Cable (mm) ▼ 
October
(4)
Maximum Permissible
Tensile Strength for Cables: PVC and XLPE insulated Busbar size and calculation
unarmoured power cables P = 5 D2 Voltage drop calculation in cable
Maximum
Permissible Tensile Strength for Cables: Paper insulated armoured power
Cable current rating
cables
P = 5 D3
Cable laying abstract
6)    Cable Pulling  
► 
September
(2)
For
Cables Pulled by Pulling Eye:
► 
August
(1)
Expected
Pulling Force When Pulling Cables by Winch:
If
the cables are pulled by gripping the conductor directly with pulling eye, the
maximum ► 
July
(4)
permissible tensile stress depends on the material of the conductor and
on their cross- ► 
June
(3)
section as given below:
► 
May
(4)
§  Aluminium
conductors 30 N/mm2
§  Copper
conductors 50 N/mm2″ ► 
April
(1)
The
following values of pulling force are expected = (approximately percentage of
cable
► 
2012
(54)
weight):
§  In
trenches without large bends 15-20 percent.
§ 
In trenches with 1 or 2 bends of 90°
each 20-40 percent. FOLLOWERS Report Abuse
§  In
trenches with 3 bends of 90° each (assuming the use of easy-running support and
corner Followers (231)
rollers) 50-60 percent. Next
In
ducts with bends totalling 360° Up to 100 percent”

7)    Laying Direct in Ground          

This
method involves digging a trench in the ground and laying cable(s) on a bedding
of
minimum 75 mm riddled soil or sand at the bottom of the trench, and covering
it with
additional riddled soil or sand of minimum 75 mm and protecting it by
means of tiles,
bricks
Depth
— the desired minimum depth of laying from ground surface to the top of cable
is
as follows:
a)      High
voltage cables, 3.3 kV to 11 kV rating =0.9 m
b)     
High voltage cables, 22 kV, 33 kV
rating= 1.05 m
c)     
Low voltage and control cables = 0.75 m
d)     Cables
at road crossings = 1.00 m
Follow
8)    Cables at railway
Cables
at railway level crossings (measured from bottom of sleepers to the top of pipe)
=1.00m LABELS
transformer metal content
9)    Cable Clearance          
Clearances
— the desired minimum clearances are
Power
cable to power cable = Clearance not necessary; however, larger the clearance,
better would be current carrying capacity.
a)      Power
cable to control cables = 0.2 m
b)     
Power cable to communication cable = 0.3
m
c)      Power
cable to gas/water main = 0.3m
 Inductive influence on sensitive control cable
on account of nearby power cables should
be checked. The power cable should not
be laid above the telecommunication cable, to
avoid danger to life of the
person, digging to attend to the fault in the Telecommunication
cable.

10) Crossing         
Cables laid across
Roads, Railway Tracks and Water Pipe Lines:
Steel,
cast iron, plastics, cement or earthenware ducts, or cable ducting blocks
should be
used-
a)      Where
cables cross roads and railway tracks.
b)     
Spare ducts for future extensions should
be provided.
c)     
Spare duct runs should be sealed off.
d)     Buried
ducts or ducting blocks should project into footpath or up to the edge of road,
Where
there is no footpath, to permit smooth entry of cable without undue bending

11) Diameter of
Pipe         
The
diameter of the cable conduit or pipe or duct should be at least 1.5 times the
outer
diameter of cable. The ducts/pipes should be mechanically strong to
withstand forces due
to heavy traffic when they are laid across road/railway
tracks.

12) Bending Radius          

The
bending radius of steel or plastics ducts should not be less than 1.5 m.

13) Over Bridge     

On
bridges, the cables are generally supported on steel cable hooks or clamped on
steel
supports at regular intervals.
While
designing a cable layout on a bridge; expansion of bridge due to changes in
atmospheric temperature should be taken into account.
On
most of the rail-cum-road bridges, the cables are subjected to vibrations.
For
such conditions, round wire armoured and lead alloy ‘B’ sheathed cables are
preferred.
Cables
can be laid on bridges duly suspended from centenary wire at regular intervals

14) Railway
Crossing        
When
the cables are laid under railway tracks the cables should be laid in
reinforced spun
concrete or cast iron or steel pipes at such depths as may be
specified by the railway
authorities but not less than 1 m measured from the
bottom of sleepers to the top of the
pipe.
On
long run ducts, it is desirable to apply lubrication to the lead or
serving/outer sheath as
it enters the duct.
Petroleum
jelly or graphite powder or a combination of both is effective for this purpose
and through lubrication will reduce the pulling tension by about 40 percent.

15) Laying on Racks in

Air
The
vertical distance between the two racks should be minimum 0.3 m and the
clearance
between the first cable and the wall (if racks are mounted on wall)
should be 25 mm. The
width of the rack should not exceed 0.75 m in order to
facilitate installation of cables.
Ungalvanized
steel work of cable racking/trays should be painted with a coat of primer
and
thereafter finished with suitable anti-corrosive paint.
Only
single-core cables laid on horizontal racks need be clamped at suitable
intervals.
Multi-core cables need not be clamped. The distance between the
vertical clamps should
not be more than 2 m.

Laying Cables on Racks

Inside a Tunnel: Horizontal distance between Two cable
is
min Diameter of Cable and vertical distance between two cable row is 30cm.In
cable
tunnel, the head room should not be less than 2 m and width sufficient to
leave a free
passage of at least 600 to 800 mm either from one side or in the
middle. With
temperatures below 3°C, the cables should be warmed before the
laying out, since
otherwise the bending would damage the insulation and
protective coverings of cables.
The cable laying must be carried out swiftly,
so that the cable does not cool down too
much.

  Identification
strips/tags of metal or plastics should be attached to the cables,
particularly if several are laid in parallel, 8 to 10 m apart. Identification
tags should also
be attached at every entry point into the buildings and at the
cable end termination The
spacing between three cables laid in one plane should
be not less than the cable diameter.
When
the cable run is several kilometres long, the cables should be transposed at
one-
third and at two-thirds of the total lengths.

16) Trefoil arrangement

in ducts   
If
several single-core cables are laid per phase, these should be arranged as
follows to
ensure balanced current distribution
In
Horizontal direction: R-Y-B-Distance-B-Y-R, (Distance=2 X Diameter of Cable),
vertical distance shall be 6 X Diameter of Cable

17) Insulation Colour          

For
reduced neutral conductors, the insulation colour shall be black. For cables
having
more than 5 cores, the core identification may be done by numbers. In
that case, the
insulation of cores shall be of the same colour and numbered
sequentially, starting with
number 1 for the inner layer. The numbers shall be
printed in Hindu-Arabic numerals on
the outer surface of the cores. All The
numbers shall be of the same colour which shall
contrast with the colour of the
insulation.
When
the number is a single numeral, a dash shall be placed underneath it. If the
number
consists of two numerals, these shall be disposed one below the other
and a dash placed
below the lower numeral. The spacing between consecutive
numbers shall not exceed 50
mm.

18) Type of Armouring:

Where
the calculated diameter below armouring does not exceed 13 mm, the armour shall
consist of galvanized round steel wires. Where the calculated Diameter below armouring
 is greater than 13 mm, the armour shall consist of either galvanized round
steel wires or
galvanized steel strips.

19) Type of Cable

Legend:

Improved fire
performance or Category C1  FR
Cables
in constrained areas, does not propagate fire even when installed in groups in
vertical ducts),

Improved fire
performance for Category C2 FR—LSH (Cables in
constrained areas
with limited human activity and/or presence of sophisticated
systems)
Aluminium
conductor= A,
PVC
insulation=Y, Steel round wire armour= W,
Steel
strip armour= F,
Steel
double round wire armour= WW,
Steel
double strip armour =FF,
PVC
outer sheath= Y

20) Cable Route

Indicator (Up to 33KV)
Route
indicators — Power cable route indicators should be provided at an interval not
exceeding 200 M and also at turning points of the power cable route wherever
practicable.

21) Cable Corrosion (Up

to 33KV)
Electrolytic
corrosion — where the possibility of electrolytic corrosion exists, for
example, adjacent to dc traction system, the potential gradient along the
pipe-line and the
cable sheath should be specified.

22) Neutral (Up to

33KV)
The
neutral point is earthed in such a manner that during a line-to-earth fault the
highest
rms voltage to earth of a sound phase(s) expressed as a percentage of
the highest line-to-
line voltage, does not exceed 80 percent, irrespective of
the fault location,

23) Earthing   (Up to 33KV)

The
neutral point is not earthed but a device is installed which automatically and
instantly
cuts out any part of the system which becomes accidentally earthed,
In
case of ac systems only, the neutral point is earthed through an arc
suppression coil
with arrangement for isolation within one hour for the
non-radial field cables and within 8
hours for radial field cables, of
occurrence of the fault provided that the total of such
periods in a year does
not exceed 125 hours.

24) Cable Tensile

Strength (Up to 33KV)
Maximum
Permissible Tensile Strength for Cables: PVC and XLPE insulated armoured
power
cables
P
= 9 D2,
Where
P=Pulling Strength (N),
D=Outer dia of Cable (mm)
§  Maximum
Permissible Tensile Strength for Cables: PVC and XLPE insulated unarmoured
power cables P = 5 D2
§  Maximum
Permissible Tensile Strength for Cables: Paper insulated armoured power cables
P = 5 D3

25) Cable Pulling   (Up to 33KV)

For
Cables Pulled by Pulling Eye — If the cables are pulled by gripping the
conductor
directly with pulling eye, the maximum permissible tensile stress
depends on the material
of the conductor and on their cross-section as given
below: For aluminium conductors 30
N/mm2 and
 For copper conductors 50 N/mm2
Expected
Pulling Force When Pulling Cables by Winch — the following values of pulling
force are expected:
P
= (approximately percentage of cable weight): In trenches without large bends
15-20 %
In
trenches with 1 or 2 bends of 90° each 20-40 %
In
trenches with 3 bends of 90° each (assuming the use of easy-running support and
corner rollers) 50-60 %
In
ducts with bends totalling 360° Up to 100 %

26) Cable Laying Direct

in Ground (Up to 33KV)
This
method involves digging a trench in the ground and laying cable(s) on a bedding
of
minimum 75 mm riddled soil or sand at the bottom of the trench, and covering
it with
additional riddled soil or sand of minimum 75 mm and protecting it by
means of tiles,
bricks
Depth
— the desired minimum depth of laying from ground surface to the top of cable
is
as follows:
High
voltage cables, 3.3 kV to 11 kV rating =0.9 m
High
voltage cables, 22 kV, 33 kV rating= 1.05 m
Low
voltage and control cables = 0.75 m
Cables
at road crossings = 1.00 m
Cables
at railway level crossings (measured from bottom of sleepers to the top of pipe)
=1.00m

27) Cable Clearance (Up

to 33KV)
Clearances:
The desired minimum clearances are as follow:
Power
cable to power cable = Clearance not necessary; however, larger the clearance,
better would be current carrying capacity
Power
cable to control cables = 0.2 m
Power
cable to communication cable = 0.3 m
Power
cable to gas/water main =0.3m
Inductive
influence on sensitive control cable on account of nearby power cables should
be checked
The
power cable should not be laid above the telecommunication cable, to avoid
danger
to life of the person, digging to attend to the fault in the
Telecommunication cable.

28) Crossing (Up to

33KV)
Cables
Laid Across Roads, Railway Tracks and Water Pipe Lines: Steel, cast iron,
plastics, cement or earthenware ducts, or cable ducting blocks should be used
where
cables cross roads and railway tracks. Spare ducts for future extensions
should be
provided. Spare duct runs should be sealed off. Buried ducts or
ducting blocks should
project into footpath or up to the edge of road, where
there is no footpath, to permit
smooth entry of cable without undue bending

29) Diameter of Pipe (Up

to 33KV)
The
diameter of the cable conduit or pipe or duct should be at least 1.5 times the
outer
diameter of cable. The ducts/pipes should be mechanically strong to
withstand forces due
to heavy traffic when they are laid across road/railway
tracks.

30) Bending Radius (Up

to 33KV)
The
bending radius of steel or plastics ducts should not be less than 1.5 m.

31) Cable on Over

Bridge (Up to 33KV)
Cable
Over Bridges — on bridges, the cables are generally supported on steel cable
hooks
or clamped on steel supports at regular intervals. While designing a
cable layout on a
bridge; expansion of bridge due to changes in atmospheric
temperature should be taken
into account. On most of the rail-cum-road bridges,
the cables are subjected to vibrations.
For such conditions, round wire armoured
and lead alloy ‘B’ sheathed cables are
preferred. Cables can be laid on bridges
duly suspended from centenary wire at regular
intervals

32) Cable on Railway

Crossing (Up to 33KV)
Cables
Below Railway Crossing — When the cables are laid under railway tracks the
cables should be laid in reinforced spun concrete or cast iron or steel pipes
at such depths
as may be specified by the railway authorities but not less than
1 m measured from the
bottom of sleepers to the top of the pipe
33) Cable on Duct (Up
to 33KV)
On
long run ducts, it is desirable to apply lubrication to the lead or
serving/outer sheath as
it enters the duct. Petroleum jelly or graphite powder
or a combination of both is effective
for this purpose and through lubrication
will reduce the pulling tension by about 40
percent.

34) Laying on Racks in

Air (Up to 33KV)
Lying
on Racks in Air-The vertical distance between the two racks should be minimum
0.3 m and the clearance between the first cable and the wall (if racks are
mounted on
wall) should be 25 mm. The width of the rack should not exceed 0.75
m in order to
facilitate installation of cables.
Ungalvanized
steel work of cable racking/trays should be painted with a coat of primer
and
thereafter finished with suitable anti-corrosive paint.
Only
single-core cables laid on horizontal racks need be clamped at suitable
intervals.
Multi-core cables need not be clamped. The distance between the
vertical clamps should
not be more than 2 m

35) Laying Cables on

Racks inside a Tunnel (Up to 33KV)
Laying
Cables on Racks Inside a Tunnel: Horizontal distance between Two cable is min
Diameter of Cable and vertical distance between two cable row is 30cm.In cable
tunnel,
the head room should not be less than 2 m and width sufficient to leave
a free passage of
at least 600 to 800 mm either from one side or in the middle.

With
temperatures below 3°C, the cables should be warmed before the laying out,
since
otherwise the bending would damage the insulation and protective
coverings of cables.
The cable laying must be carried out swiftly, so that the
cable does not cool down too
much
Identification
strips/tags of metal or plastics should be attached to the cables, particularly
if several are laid in parallel, 8 to 10 m apart. Identification tags should
also be attached at
every entry point into the buildings and at the cable end
termination.

The
spacing between three cables laid in one plane should be not less than the
cable
diameter.
When
the cable run is several kilometres long, the cables should be transposed at
one-
third and at two-thirds of the total lengths.

36) Trefoil arrangement

in ducts (Up to 33KV)
If
several single-core cables are laid per phase, these should be arranged as
follows to
ensure balanced current distribution in Horizontal direction:
R-Y-B-Distance-B-Y-R,
(Distance=2 X Diameter of Cable), vertical distance shall
be 6 X Diameter of Cable.

 Note:
CCI
has been manufacturing EHV cables from Mid 1980s and introduced 230 kV cables
in India in the year 1993, presently upto 400 kV.

Book reference :

A practical guide to cable installation and tool box talk

Available with book shop and -

http://www.amazon.in
http://www.abebooks.com
www.discoverypublishinggroup.com

Price: Rs. 375/- excluding delivery charges

at
October 12, 2013

12 comments:
Unknown 20 December 2017 at 00:14

Thanks for your information, it was really very helpfull..

Power Cables

Reply

Anonymous 27 June 2018 at 02:52

Garg Associates produce a wide variety of High Performance Wires and Cables ranging
from ultra-miniature Fluoropolymer (PTFE, ETFE and FEP) equipment wire, thermo
couple cable, high powered shielded Multicore cables to high speed data bus, low loss
and Ethernet cables. Whether it is custom designed or a standard product, there is a
solution to the most demanding environment and application.

PTFE INSULATED EQUIPMENT WIRES

fluropolymer wires suppliers

Reply

Anonymous 27 June 2018 at 02:53

Garg Associates produce a wide variety of High Performance Wires and Cables ranging
from ultra-miniature Fluoropolymer (PTFE, ETFE and FEP) equipment wire, thermo
couple cable, high powered shielded Multicore cables to high speed data bus, low loss
and Ethernet cables. Whether it is custom designed or a standard product, there is a
solution to the most demanding environment and application.

PTFE INSULATED EQUIPMENT WIRES

fluropolymer wires suppliers

Reply

Unknown 15 July 2018 at 10:58

What is the effect of bridge vibration on cable sheath?

Reply

Frederick16 7 July 2019 at 22:34

Nice blog.Thank you for sharing the valuable information.Keep update with your blogs...

cable pulling tools

Reply

syam kennadi 5 August 2019 at 22:58

It is great to see such a piece of helpful information and thanks for sharing it.

Cable

Pulling Winch

Reply

syam kennadi 13 August 2019 at 23:49

very informative blog..keep update with your blogs..

Roller Supports

Reply

syam kennadi 26 August 2019 at 22:16

It is great to see such a piece of helpful information and thanks for sharing it.

Cable Puller Machine

Reply
 sarah 10 September 2019 at 22:54

The Blog is very effective and useful,thanks for sharing.

Cable Puller Machine

Reply

Upcom 24 December 2020 at 01:57

We can overcome this problem with the help of Cable Pusher Machine
Reply

Dilip 22 June 2021 at 22:53

Great!! very informative blog you shared. keep sharing.

EMS Services from India | PCB Assembly Manufacturer from India

Reply

Mutach 10 March 2022 at 23:35

Great info, which particular standards are the installations adhering to?
Reply

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