Faculty of Civil Engineering

1 CRS on mapping sheets

Lab of Geoinformatics
Lecturer: Ing. Nixon A. Correa M.
nico@unicauca.edu.co

Topic: Geodesic fundamentals and basic mapping.

Sub-topic: Projection systems, coordinate reference system

OBJECTIVES
Get acquainted with the projection processes of open-source software.
Implement the process for the georeferencing a scanned sheet.

INTRODUCTION
The Geocentric Reference System is implemented in our country through the Magna-Sirgas network
using the ITRF 2014, epoch 2018.0 at a detailed scale. The above is set using the CGS and PCS
installed in open-source software or commercial at a semi-detailed scale. In this workshop, some
properties of the horizontal datum will be identified by searching the metadata of thematic sheets. Also,
it will be applied the georeferencing process to set the coordinate reference system to images and
scanned maps. This process is also called geometric transformation.

INPUT DATA & SOFTWARE

Exercise 1
Sheet 228ID1: SIGAC’s General map at a scale of 1:10000, Cundinamarca state.
Map Cauca_GEOM400: SIGAC’s Geomorphology map of Cauca state.
Exercise 2
228ID1.tif
228ID1_plot.tif
Software: QGIS

PROCEDURES
• Exercise 1
Please, fill out the table below with characteristics and concepts of the Coordinate Reference System.

Characteristics IGAC-1 Characteristics IGAC-2

Projection type Projection type
Ellipsoid Ellipsoid
Horizontal datum Horizontal datum
Coordinate System (GCS or PCS) Coordinate System (GCS or
PCS)
Gauss zone Gauss zone
Longitude of the central meridian Longitude of the central
meridian

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Latitude of the projection origin Latitude of the projection
origin
East origin (East false) East origin (East false)
North origin (North false) North origin (North false)
Indicate the PCS of the four 1. Indicate the PCS of the four 1.
vertices in the counter-clock. 2. vertices in the counter-clock. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
Compare both maps from a point of view of technic content.

• Exercise 2
Start the QGIS 3.10.7 software.
Upload the image file in raster format (GeoTIFF). Data source manager/Raster/Dataset:
228ID1_plot.tif.
Upload the georeferencing tool: Complements/ GDAL georeferencing. Raster menu /
Georeferencing…
In the new window, Open Raster: 228ID1_plot.tif. Put the four corner coordinates with Add Point tool.
Use the Zoom In to have precision in the process. Also, use the Pan tool. (Figure 1).
Figure 1. The process to put the corner coordinates

Table 2 presents the four corner coordinates.

Table 2. List of CGPs.

In Transformation Settings …configure

Transformation Type: Use a polynomial equation of first order
SRE destine: PCS/MAGNA SIRGAS Bogota

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Sampling method: nearest neighbourhood
Output raster: 228ID1_plot_modificado.tif

Table 3 shows the results of the root-mean-square (RMS) error.

Table 3.

Click on Start Georeferencing

Use the assigned tool of coordinates by a control point
Save the control points
Verify that the RMS be less than 1.
Generate the new image (“Rectify”) with the resampling tool using the neighbourhood method.

REPORT
Prepare a document with the IMRAD structure, cited and the respective discussion of the results.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
A course in photogrammetry and digital restitution with an emphasis on DTM applications. (2015).
IGAC-CIAF. Bogotá.
Chang, 2004. Introduction to Geographic Information Systems. Chapter Raster Data, p.145.
Chen and Lee, 2001. Geographical data acquisition. Springer, p.3, 11, 72.
Dale, 2005. Introduction to Mathematical Techniques used in GIS, p.99

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