OKI International School

Wattala / Kandana / Kiribathgoda / Kaduwela / Negombo

Grade 6 (2020 / 2021) Science Lesson notes

Prepared by Senior School - Kandana

Week: 3

Date: 18th – 22nd January 2021

Unit: 8 - The Earth

Topic:

8.1 Different types of rocks and Soils

8.2 Layers of Soil – Practical
8.3 Igneous rocks
8.4 Sedimentary Rocks

Objective:

 To know about different types of rocks and soils

 To acquire knowledge about igneous and sedimentary rocks.

Written work: (Copy down the given note and paste relevant pictures)
 The surface of the earth is known as earth’s crust.
 Earth’s surface is made up of different types of rocks.
 Scientists who study about rocks are known as geologists.
 Rocks are made of grains of different materials are called as minerals.
 Each mineral is made up of chemical substance and some form as crystals.
o Ex: Granite

Quartz Feldspar Mica

Glassy crystals pink and white crystals small black crystals

  Soil is made up of small particles of rocks and minerals.
It also contains

rock
water
micro organism
clay
minerals Soil
Dead plants and animals
Small living creatures

 There are three main types of soil

 Sandy soil
 Loamy soil
 Clay soil

 The particles in soil may be in different sizes.

Sand – large

Clay – small

 The differences in the soil give its properties.

Sandy soil – big air spaces because of large particles

Clay soil – tiny air spaces because of tiny particles

8.2 Soil

 Humus is the remains of dead plants and animals. This is sometimes

called as organic matter.
 Drainage is the process in which water leaches from the upper soil
layers to the lower layers or how surface water is removed.
 Activity 8.2B & 8.2C - copy and complete in your book with the
diagram.
 8.3 Igneous rocks
 Igneous rocks are formed from magma.
 The molten rock below the earth’s crust is called the magma.
 When magma cools slowly, large crystals are formed.
 When magma cools quickly, rocks with small crystals are formed.
 The rocks made in this way are called igneous rocks.
 Ex:
Granite is formed when magma cools deep underground.
Basalt forms when magma cools near the surface.
Obsidian forms when magma cools very quickly.
 When magma reaches the surface of the earth it is called lava.
 The lava erupts from volcanoes.
 When a volcano erupts – dust, smoke, ash and lava comes out.

8.4 Sedimentary rocks

 Sediment is made up of little fragments of rocks.
 Sedimentary rocks are made from little grains of sediment that are stuck
together.
 Sedimentary rocks are made up of layers.
 Sedimentary rocks sometimes contain fossils.
 Sedimentary rocks are porous.
 Porous – water can soak into the rock, in to the little gaps between the
grains.
 Ex:
Sand stone – made of orange sand particles compressed together
Lime stone – white colour full of fossils of animals
 Lime stone is often white because, it is made of calcium carbonate.

Activity:

Complete the question given in page no -104,105,109&111