GENERAL PHYSICS STEM 12

Lexer John C. Villena MODULE 10

Jumpstart
Activity 1
Answer: The water did not spill out of the cup as it fell because the weightless water
exerted no pressure.

Activity 2

1. Given: 70 kg.,1000 kg and 1 m.

Unknown: Force (N)

m 1m 2
Formula: F=G 2
r

Solution:

( )
m ( 70 kg )( 1000 kg )
2
−11
F= 6.67 ×10 N 2 2
kg 1m

( )
2 2
−11 m 7000 k g
¿ 6.67 ×10 2
N 2
kg 1
−6
¿ 9.34 × 10 N
Answer:
−6
F=9.34 × 10 N

2. Given: 0.45 kg,0.08 m radius

Unknown: Force (N)

m 1m 2
Formula: F=G
r2

Solution:
 ( )
2
−11 m (0.45 kg)(0.45 kg)
F= 6.67 ×10 N 2 2
kg ( 0.16 m)

( )
2 2
−11 m 0.2025 k g
¿ 6.67 ×10 N
2 2
kg 256 m
−10
¿ 5.28 ×10
Answer: F=5.28 ×10−10 N
3. Given: 5.9742 u 10^24 kg, 6.3710 u 10^6m radius (0.45 kg, 0.08 m)

Unknown: Force (N)

m 1m 2
Formula: F=G 2
r

Solution:

( )
24
m (5.9742× 10 kg)(0.45 kg)
2
−11
F= 6.67 ×10 N 2 2
k g ( ( 6.3710 ×106 m ) +(0.08 m))

( )
179315613 ×10 ( 25 ) k g
2 6 2 2
−11 m
¿ 6.67 ×10 N 2 2 6 2
k g 1592756 ×10 +637100004 m
¿ 4.41777
Answer: F=4.42 N

Activity 3
Anna is correct in assuming that a satellite is in free fall because it continues to plummet
toward the earth, implying that gravity is the only force acting on it. Tom is mistaken
since an item does not have to accelerate at a given pace to be deemed to be under
force operating on it; all it takes is for it to fall freely. As long as gravity is present, the
object is said to be in free fall.

Explore

Self-Practice 1
1. Gravity is the force that pulls a body toward the earth's core, or any other mass-
bearing physical body.
2. The inertia of the earth's motion prevents the planet from colliding with the sun
because the direction of its movement is perpendicular to the gravitational
attraction.
 3.
a. F=g ( m )
m
F=50 kg 9.8
s2
=490 N
( )
b. The gravity on the moon is one-sixth that on Earth. Sally's weight on the
moon is therefore 81.6667 N.
c. Sally's weight on the moon is the same as her weight on Earth: 50 kg.
4. Gravity's strength diminishes with the square of the distance. The gravitational
force reduces by a factor of four as the distance doubles.
5. Gravity's strength grows in lockstep with the mass of the object.

Self-Practice 2
1. An orbiting satellite, like a falling elevator, is in free fall.
2.
a. Given: 2.43 × 10^6 m, 3.2 × 10^23 kg, 265,000 m

Unknown: Velocity (V)

Formula: v=
√ G mE
r

Solution:

√ ( )
2
−11 m 23
6.67 ×10 N 2
(3.2 ×10 kg)
kg
v=
( 2.43 ×106 m ) +(265,000 m)

√
13 2
(2.1344 ×10 m /kg)
¿ 6
2.695 ×10 m
¿ 2814.22309
Answer: v=2814.22309∨2800 m/s

b. Given: 2.43 × 10^6 m, 2800 m/s, 265000 m

Unknown: Period of Satellite (T)

2 πr
Formula: T =
v

Solution:
 2 π (2.43 ×10 6 m+265000 m)
T=
2800 m/s
2695000 π s
¿
1400
¿ 6047.56586 s
Answer: T =6047.56586∨6000 s

3.
a. Given: 4.23 × 10^7 m, mass of earth= 5.98x1024 kg.

Unknown: Velocity (V)

Formula: v=
√ G mE
r

Solution:

√ ( )
−11 m2 24
6.67 ×10 N 2
(5.97 x 10 kg)
kg
v= 7
4.23 ×10 m

√
2
100 ( 199433 ) ( 200 ) m /kg
¿
432 m
¿ 3070.74197
Answer: v=3070.74197∨3070 m/ s

b. Given: 3070 m/s, 4.23 × 10^7 m

Unknown: Period of Satellite (T)

2 πr
Formula: T =
v

Solution:

7
2 π (4.23× 10 m)
T=
3070m/ s
8460000 π s
¿
307
 ¿ 86572.87899
Answer: T =86572.87899 s (apx 1 day)

DEEPEN

1. Given: m1 = 5.98 x 10 ^24 kg, m2 = 70 kg , r= 6.38 x 10^ 6 m, G = 6.6726 x 10^ -

11 N m^2/kg^2 ?

Unknown: Force (N)

m 1m 2
Formula: F=G
r2

Solution:

( )
m ( 5.98 x 10 kg ) ( 70 kg )
2 24
−11
F= 6.6726 ×10 N
k g2 ( 6.38 x 106 m )
2

( )
m2 ( 5.98 x 10 kg ) ( 70 kg )
24
−11
¿ 6.6726 ×10 N
k g2
( )
2
319 6
×10
50

( )
m ( 5.98 x 10 kg ) ( 70 kg )
2 24
33363
¿ × 10−11 N
500
( )
2 2
kg 319
×10 6 m
50

2093× 1024 2
kg
( )
2
33363 −11 m 50
¿ × 10 N 2 2 12
500 kg 319 ×10 2
2
m
50

¿ (
33363
500
−11
× 10 N
m2 104650 ×1012 k g 2
k g2 ¿¿ )
¿ ( 33363
10
−11
× 10 N
kg
2
( 29 ) 319m 2)
m2 2093 ×1012 k g 2
 ( )
2 11 2
−11 m 2093 ×10 k g
¿ 3033× 10 N 2 2
kg 9251m
2
m
6348069 N 2
kg
¿ 2
=686.20355 N
m
9251 2
kg

Answer:
¿ 686.20355 N

2. Given: m1 = 5.98 x 10 ^24 kg mass of earth, 12756000 m diameter of earth.

5.98 x 1024 kg ( 801 )=7.475 ×10 22

kg

127 56000 m ( 14 )=3.189 ×10 m 6

6
3.189 ×10 6
R= =1.5945 ×10 m
2

Unknown: Gravitational field (g)

G mE
Formula: g=
R2

Solution:

(6.67 ×10−11 N m2 /k g2 )(7.475× 1022 kg)

g=
(1.5945 ×10 6 m)2

m2
49.85825 ×1011 N
kg
¿ 12 2
2.54243025× 10 m

2
m
4 . 985825 ×101 2 N
kg
¿
10169721
× 1012 m2
4000000
 199433 m2
N
40000 kg
¿
10169721 2
m
4000000

19943300 N /kg
¿
10169721
m
Answer: 1.96105∨2 2
towards themoon ' s center
s

3.
a. Given: m1 = 5.98 x 10 ^24 kg mass of earth, 6371000 m radius of earth.

Unknown: Acceleration due to gravity (a g)

Gm E
Formula: a=
R2

Solution:

( )
2
m (
5.98 ×10 kg )
−11 24
6.67 × 10 N 2
kg
a= 2
( ( 6.371× 106 m) 3)

2
14 m
3.9902148× 10 N
kg
¿
( 6371 2
1000 )
×1012 ( 9 ) m2

2 m2
3.9902148× 10 N
kg
¿
( )
2
6371
( 9 ) m2
1000

m2 9975537 m2
399.02148 N N
kg 25000 kg
¿ 2
= 2
9 ( 6371 ) 2 9 ( 6371 ) 2
2
m 2
m
1000 1000
 2
m
1927640 N
kg
¿
1764767 m 2

Answer: 1.09229 m¿2 towards the center

b. Given: 65 kg., 5.98 x 10 ^24 kg mass of earth, 6371000 m radius of earth.

Unknown: Weight (N)

m 1m 2
Formula: F=G 2
r

Solution:

( )
m2 ( 65 kg ) ( 5.98× 10 kg )
24
−11
F= 6.67 ×10 N 2 6 2
k g ((6.371 ×10 m) 3)

14 2
3.9902148× 10 ( 65 ) N m
¿
(6371 2
1000 ) 12
× 10 ( 9 ) m
2

2 2
3.9902148× 10 ( 65 ) N m
¿
( )
2
6371
( 9 ) m2
1000

129681981
2 N m2
25936.3962 N m 5000
¿ 2
=
9 (6371 ) 2 9 (6371 )2 2
2
m 2
m
1000 1000

125296600
¿ N
1764767

Answer¿ 70.99895 N towards the earth center

c. Because both the astronaut and the satellite are speeding towards the earth
at the same rate, there is no net reaction force between them.
4. Given: 150 km height of rocket from the earth.

Unknown: Escape Velocity

Formula: v=
√ G mE
r

Solution:

√ ( )
2
m
6.67 ×10−11 N 2
(5.98 ×10 24 kg)
kg
v=
( 6.371× 106 m) + 150000 m

√
2
m 14
3.98866 ×10 N
kg
¿
( 6.371 ×10 3 m ) +150000 m

√
1994333 m2
×100000000000000 N
50000 kg
¿
( 6.371× 1000 m) +150000 m

√
2
m
199433 ×2000000000 N
kg
¿
( 6371000 m ) +150000 m

√ √
2 2
m m
398866000000000 N 398866000000 N
kg kg
¿ =
6521000m 6521 m

√
2
m
398866000000 N
¿
√ 6521m
kg
( √ 6521m
√ 6521m )
¿
√2601005186000000 =7820.89416 N m
6521 kg
m
Answer: 7820.89416 N ∨7.82089416 km/s
kg
 GAUGE
1. A
2. C
3. D
4. A
5. B
6. A
7. A
8. C
9. D
10. C

11-15
Given: , the mass of the Earth (m) = 5.98 × 10^24 Kg and mass of the Sun (M) = 1.99 ×
10^30 Kg, 150 million earth from sun

Unknown: The gravitational potential energy

GMm
Formula: U =
r

Solution:
2
−11 m 24 30
(6.67 ×10 N 2 )(5.98 ×10 kg)(1.99× 10 )
kg
U=
1 50× 109

397050173 35
44 × 10
7.94100346× 10 50000000
¿ =
150 ×10
9
150

Answer: 5.294 ×10 33 J /kg