1.

Step:1

Given,

The mass of block m=1.21 kg

The coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the surface is μk =0.162

The angle of inclined surface θ=32.50

Explanation: - The friction force opposes the motion of the block.

Step:2

The free body can be drawn as

Using Newton’s second law in y-direction,

∑ F y =0
N−mgcosθ=0
N=mgcosθ
The friction force is calculated as

f k =μk N

f k =μk mgcosθ

m 0
f k =0.162 ×1.21 kg × 9.81 2
× cos ⁡(32.5 )
s
f k =1.62 N

Using Newton’s second law in x-direction,

 ∑ F x =ma
mgsinθ−f k =ma

m
×sin ( 32.5 )−1.62 N=1.21 kg × a
0
1.21 kg × 9.81 2
s
m
a=3.93 2
s
Explanation: - According to Newton’s second law, the sum of forces is equal to product of mass and
acceleration of the object.

Final Answer:

The magnitude of the acceleration of the block is

m
a=3.93 2
s

2.

Step 1

Given,

The mass of canon m c =500 kg

The mass of canon ball m b=100 kg

The magnitude of force by canon on the canon ball F=100000 N

The length of the barrel L=5 m

Explanation: - The force is the product of the mass and acceleration of the canon ball.

Step2

The acceleration of the barrel ball is calculated as

F=mb a

Substitute the numerical values and solve for acceleration

100000 N=100 kga

m
a=1000 2
s
Using kinematic equation,
2 2
v =u +2 aL
2 m
v =0+2 ×1000 2
×5 m
s
 2
v =10000
m
v=100
s
m
Thus, speed of the canon ball when emerge from the canon is v=100 .
s
Explanation: The kinematic equation can be used only for constant acceleration.

Step3

The canon ball goes from point O and strikes to ground at point C.

The time taken by the ball for path OB is calculated as

2vy
t OB=
g
2 vsinθ
t OB=
g
Substitute the numerical values,

m 0
2× 100 × sin ⁡( 40 )
s
t OB=
m
9.81 2
s
 t OB=13.1 s

The time taken by the ball for path BC is obtained as

1 2
h=v y t BC + g t BC
2
m 1 m 2
sin ( 40 ) t BC + × 9.81 2 t BC
0
20=100
s 2 s
2
20=64.3 t BC + 4.905 t BC
2
64.3 t BC +4.905 t BC −20=0
The roots of this equation are

t BC =0.304 ,−13.4

Only taking positive value of time t BC =0.304 s

Total time of the flight of the ball is calculated as

t=t OB +t BC

t=13.1 s +0.304 s
t=13.4 s
The horizontal distance of the ball is determined as

X =v x t

m 0
X =100 cos ⁡(40 )× 13.4 s
s
X =1026.8 m
Thus, canon ball is 1027 m away from the cliff.

The time to reach at maximum altitude is half of the time for path OB

' t OB
t=
2
' 13.1
t=
2
'
t =6.55 s

Hence, time taken by canon ball to reach at maximum height is 6.55 s.

Explanation: - The horizontal component of the velocity remains constant because there is no
horizontal force.
Final Answer: -

(a)

m
The speed of the canon ball is 100 when it emerges from the canon.
s
(b)

The canon ball is 1027 m away from the cliff, and time taken by canon ball to reach at maximum
height is 6.55 s.

3.

Step: -1

Given,

The mass of a parachutist is m=69.0 kg m=69.0 kg

The initial velocity is u=6.20 m/s

The distance is d=0.94 m

Explanation: - The mass of parachutist and initial velocity of him are given.

Step: -2

The acceleration of the parachutist is calculated by using Kinematic equation,

2 2
v =u −2 ad
2 2
(u −v )
a=
2d
Substitute the numerical values,

(6.202 −02)
a=
(2∗0.94)
m
a=20.45 2
s
According to Newton’s second law, the average force is calculated as

F=ma
Substitute the numerical values,

F=69.0∗20.45
F=1410 N

Explanation: - The force is product of the mass and acceleration of the object.

Final Answer: -
The average force exerted on the parachutist by the ground is F=1410 N