INTERNSHIP REPORT 2021-22

CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1………………………………………...................................................3

ABOUT THE ORGANISATION…………………………………………………………….3

1.1 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………..…3

CHAPTER 2…………………………………………………………………...5

ABOUT THE DEPARTMENT……………………………………………………………....5

2.1 INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………..…5

2.2 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING………………………………………………………..6

2.3 STRUCTURAL ENGINEER………………………………………………………….....6

2.4 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM AND DESIGNING OF THE STRUCTURE……………….7

2.4.1 DESIGN TEAM……………………………………………………………………………………………8

2.4.2 DRAFTING TEAM………………………………………………………………………………………...8

2.5 ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF INDIVIDUAL IN DEPARTMENT…………….8

2.5.1 ROLE OF PRINCIPAL CONSULTANT…………………………………………………………………..9

2.5.2 ROLE OF DRAFTING ENGINEER............................................................................................................10

2.5.3 ROLE OF CIVIL ENGINEER……………………………………………………………………………..10

2.5.4 ROLE OF DESIGN ENGINEERING……………………………………………………………………...10

2.6 THE DESIGN PROCESS………………………………………………………………..11

2.6.1 FUNCTIONAL DESIGN………………………………………………………………………………….11

2.6.2 STRUCTURAL DESIGN………………………………………………………………………………….12

2.6.2.1 Stages in structural design………………………………………………………………………………..12

2.6.2.2 Structural planning……………………………………………………………………………………….12

2.6.2.2.1 Position and orientation of columns……………………………………………………………………13

2.6.2.2.2 Orientation of columns…………………………………………………………………………………13

2.6.2.2.3 Position of beams ……………………………………………………………………………………...14

2.6.2.2.4 Spanning of slabs………………………………………………………………………………………14

2.6.2.2.5 Selecting type of footing……………………………………………………………………………….14

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INTERNSHIP REPORT 2021-22

CHAPTER 3…………………………………………………………………..

TASK PERFORMED……………………………………………………………………….16

3.1 PROJECTS ASSIGNED BY THE ORGANISATION………………………………….16

3.1.1 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF EDUCATIONAL BUILDING………………………………………….16

3.1.2 ARCHITECTURAL PLAN………………………………………………………………………………..16

3.1.3 CETERLINE OF THE PLAN……………………………………………………………………………..17

3.1.4 INPUTS TO THE STAD PRO…………………………………………………………………………….17

MATERIALS…………………………………………………………………………………………………….17

3.1.4.1 CONCRETE……………………………………………………………………………………………...17

3.1.4.2 REINFORCEMENT……………………………………………………………………………………..17

3.1.5 MODELLING IN STAD PRO……………………………………………………………………………..18

3.1.6 LOADS…………………………………………………………………………………………………......19

3.1.7 LOAD CASES……………………………………………………………………………………………..19

3.1.8 ANALYSYS………………………………………………………………………………………………..19

3.2 DESIGN OF STRUCRAL ELEMENTS ………………………………………………..19

3.2.1 DESIGN OF SLAB ……………………………………………………………………………………….19

3.2.1.1 ONE WAY SPANNING SLAB…………………………………………………………………………20

3.2.1.2 TWO WAY SPANNING SLAB…………………………………………………………………………21

3.2.2 DESIGN OF BEAM ……………………………………………………………………………………….22

3.2.2.1 SINGLY REINFORCED BEAM ………………………………………………………………………..23

3.2.2.2 DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAM ………………………………………………………………………23

3.2.2.3 TYPES OF SECTIONS…………………………………………………………………………………..23

3.2.2.4 LIMIT STATE OF COLLAPSE…………………………………………………………………………24

3.2.3 FOOTING DESIGN………………………………………………………………………………………..25

3.2.3.1 TYPES OF FOOTING…………………………………………………………………………………..25

3.2.4 COLUMN DESIGN ………………………………………………………………………………………26

3.3 TABLES AND CHATS USED FOR DESIGNING OF STRUTURES…………………………………….28

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CHAPTER 4…………………………………………………………………….

4.1 TECHINICAL KNOWLEDGE………………………………………………………….37

4.2 THEORITICAL KNOWLEDGE………………………………………………………..37

4.2.1 ABOUT “IS CODES” …………………………………………………………………37

4.3 GUEST LECTURES IN CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN HIGHWAYS……………38

4.3.1 GEOGRID……………………………………………………………………………...38

4.3.1.1 FUNCTIONS AND WORKING OF GEOGRIDS………………………………………………………40

4.3.1.2 TYPES OF GEO GRIDS………………………………………………………………………………...41

4.3.1.3 APPLICATIONS OF GEOGRID IN PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION………………………………...41

4.4 PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE…………………………………………………………...43

4.4.1 STUDYING PLANES AND REPRTS……………………………………………………………………43

4.4.2 IMPROVED SOFTWARE SKILLS………………………………………………………………………43

4.4.2.1 STAAD PRO ……………………………………………………………………………………………43

4.2.2.2 AUTO CAD……………………………………………………………………………………………..44

4.4.2.3 MS EXCEL………………………………………………………………………………………………45

LIST OF TABLES

Sl.n Name of the table Pg.no

o
1 Design codes and handbook for design 29
2 Dead loads per unit weight of some materials 30
3 Loads of floors 32
4 Live loads on roof 32
5 Weight of Rebar per meter length 33
6 Nominal cover for structural elements 33
7 Minimum reinforcement of structural members 34
8 Minimum and maximum diameter of different structural elements 35
9 Limiting values of Mu/bd^2 for double reinforced section 35
10 L/D ratio for beams and slabs 36

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