1.WHAT IS SWITCH?

--switch is a data link layer devices

--it uses MAC address to identify the devices
--it is LAN device because it connect the devices within the same network
--switch is a L-2(data link layer) device which connect the networking devices
within the same network segment and establish the communication between the hosts

2.WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF LAN?

-LANs are 2 types
i)SOHO LAN
ii)Enterprise LAN

i)SOHO LAN
--SOHO stands for Small Office Home Office
--it is good for small business having 10-15 employees
--it connects multiple devices for internal access

ii)enterprise LAN
--it is good for big organizations where data traffic is high
--it is a multilayered network consist of routers,switches,firewall,access
points,server,storage etc

3.WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF SWITCHES?

--there are 2 types of switches
i)Manageable switch(operating system is present and can be configured)
a)L2 switch
b)L3 switch
ii)Non-manageable switch

4.WHAT IS SWITCHING?
--the process of transferring the frames from one device to another device is
called as switching

5.WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF SWITCHING?

--there are 3 types of switching
i)store and forward=checks 1518 bytes of a frame
ii)cut through=checks first 6 bytes of a frame
iii)fragment-free=checks 64 bytes of a frame which is called as fragment

6.WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF A SWITCH?

--a switch has mainly 3 functions
i)MAC address learning
ii)Frame filtering and forwarding
iii)Loop avoidance

7.WHAT IS LOOP?
--when two or more switches are interconnected with each other by using two or
more physical links is called as loop
--switching loops creats 3 major problems in redundant switched network

8.WHAT ARE THE DISADVANTAGES REDUNDANT SWITCHED NETWORK?

--disadvantages of redundant switched network
i)Duplicate frame transmission
ii)Broadcast storm
iii)MAC table instability

9.WHAT IS COLLISION?
--collision is a situation when two or more data packets travel at the same time on
the same medium in the same direction

10.WHAT IS COLLISION DOMAIN?

--it is a set of NICs in which frame sent by one NIC can collide with the frames
sent by the another NIC in the same domain
--collision domain is controlled at the layer-2 by switch

11.WHAT IS BROADCAST?
--broadcast is a situation where frame sent by one nic is received by all other
nics in a network

12.WHAT IS BROADCAST DOMAIN?

--it is the collectiopn of nics where a broadcast frame sent by one nic is received
by all other nic in the same broadcast domain.
--broadcast domain is controlled at the layer-3 by router

13.SWITCH CONFIGURATION
i)assigning hostname
--cisco has given the default hostname of a switch is switch
Switch>
Switch>enable
Switch#configure terminal
Switch(config)#hostname sw1
sw1(config)#

ii)assign port description

sw1(config)#
sw1(config)#interface f0/1
sw1(config-if)#description "this port connect HR department"
sw1(config-if)#exit
sw1(config)#exit
sw1#show running-config

iii)assign user mode password

a)console port password
sw1(config)#line console 0
sw1(config-if)#password <password>======================syntax
sw1(config-if)#password ccna
sw1(config-if)#login
sw1(config-if)#exit
sw1(config)#exit
sw1#show running-config

b)telnet password
sw1(config)#line vty 0 15
sw1(config-if)#password <password>======================syntax
sw1(config-if)#password ccna1
sw1(config-if)#login
sw1(config-if)#exit
sw1(config)#exit
sw1#show running-config

iv)assign privilege mode password

a)plain text password
sw1(config)#enable password <password>==================syntax
sw1(config)#enable password cisco

b)encrypted text password

sw1(config)#enable secret <password>=====================syntax
sw1(config)#enable secret cisco1

v)assign ip address
--switch does not require ip address for working in layer-2 but ip is required to
access the switch remotely for adminitrative purpose
sw1(config)#interface vlan1
sw1(config-if)#no shutdown
sw1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.2 255.0.0.0
sw1(config-if)#exit
sw1(config)#ip default-gateway 10.1.1.1

vi)to see the content of RAM/running configuration

sw1#show running-config

vii)to see the content of NVRAM/startup configuration

sw1#show startup-config

viii)to copy the content of RAM into NVRAM

sw1#copy running-config startup-config

ix)to restart a switch

sw1#reload

x)if want to encrypt all the palin text password at a time

sw1#service password-encryption

1.WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY REDUNDANT SWITCHED NETWORK?

--MULTIPLE SWITCHES ARE CONNECTED THROUGH MULTIPLE PHYSICAL LINKS is called as
redundant switched network

2.what is the benefit of redundant switched network

--it provides fault-tolerance in a network means provide uninterruptable services
to the customers

3.what do you mean by fault-tolerance network?

--THE NETWORK WHICH CAN PROVIDE UNINTERRUPTABLE SERVICES TO THE CLIENTS IS CALLED
AS FAULT-TOLERANT NETWORK