DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

TRUE/FALSE
Lesson 1: DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
1. The term discourse refers to language in use. T
2. The term text refers to language in action. F
3. Discourse analysis studies language in use: written texts of all kinds and spoken
data, from conversation to highly institutionalized forms of talk.
4. The British work in discourse analysis has produced a large number of F
descriptions of discourse types, as well as insights into the social constraints of
politeness and face-preserving phenomena in talk, overlapping with British work
in pragmatics.
5. The American work in discourse analysis has principally followed structural- F
linguistic criteria, on the basis of the isolation of units, and sets of rules defining
well-formed sequences of discourse
Lesson 2: Cohesive devices (Các phương tiện liên kết hình thức)
6. A text or a piece of discourse does not have unity and does not form a meaningful F
whole.
7. Cohesion is the formal links that mark various types of inter-clause and inter- T
sentence relationships within discourse.
8. Cohesive devices help a text to be cohesive.
9. Cohesion can be grammatical or lexical. T
10.There are only three types of cohesion: reference, substitution and ellipsis. F
11.Reference is defined by Halliday and Hasan as "a semantic relation that ensures T
the continuity of meaning in a text."
12.Reference can be of three types: a-personal, b-comparative and c- demonstrative. T
13.Personal reference is by means of demonstrative adjectives and pronouns. F
14.In "This is how he said.", exophoric reference is used as a cohesive device. F
15.Demonstrative reference involves the use of personal pronouns. F
16.In “Nam lives in Hue. He is married.", a demonstrative pronoun is used. T
17. Demonstrative reference is used as a cohesive device in "Are you going to the F
conference? If so, we could travel together”.
18. Substitution is defined as a grammatical relation where one linguistic item is T
deleted.
19. Substitution is of three types: a-nominal, b-verbal and c-clausal T
20. Nominal substitution is by means of do. F
21. Verbal substitution is by means of so or not. F
22. Clausal substitution is by means of one or ones. F
23. Nominal substitution is used in: F
A: Is there going to be a snow-fall?
B: I think so.
24. Clausal substitution is used in: "These biscuits are stale. Get me some fresh ones”. F
25. Ellipsis is the use of a personal pronoun as a cohesive device. F
26. Verbal ellipsis involves the omission of the head of a noun phrase, sometimes F
together with some modifiers.
27. Verbal ellipsis is used as a cohesive device in: F
A: Which hat will you wear? - B:This is the nicest.
28. Nominal ellipsis involves the omission of the lexical verb from the verb phrase, F
and possibly an auxiliary or two, recoverable from a previous verb phrase.
29. In "Many OAPS still have a hard time making ends meet, but some are sitting on F
a small fortune. During the last property boom they saw the value of their home
soar.", some is used as a cohesive device of verbal ellipsis.
30. Clausal ellipsis is used in: T
A: Who was playing the piano?
B: Peter was.
31. Conjunctions as cohesive devices refer to specific devices (conjunctions) for T
linking one sentence to another. They may be divided into four groups: additive,
adversative, causal and temporal.
32. Additive conjunctions draw a contrast between the sentence they introduce and F
the preceding sentence.
33. Additive conjunction is used as a cohesive device in: "He was very tired. F
Nevertheless, he fell asleep."
34. Temporal conjunctions make a time link between two sentences.
35. There are three types of lexical cohesion: a-reiteration, b- collocation, and c-
ellipsis
36. In reiteration, the same word may be repeated in successive, though not
necessarily, contiguous sentences.
37. In "Henry has bought a car" The superordinate term the car is used as a cohesive
device.
38. Collocation as a cohesive device can involve the use of related words in a lexical
field in a text /a discourse
39. Cohesion alone is enough to make a discourse coherent.
40. Coherence is the degree to which a piece of discourse makes sense.
41. The information structure can be used as a cohesive device for a text.
Lesson 3: THEME & RHEME
42. The thematic structure consists of the theme and the rheme elements.
43. Rheme is a formal grammatical category which refers to the initial element in a
clause.
44. The theme is the element which serves as the point of departure of the message: it
is that with which the clause is concerned.
45.Everything that follows the theme is the rheme.
46.Thematic progression refers to the way in which the theme of a clause may pick up
or repeat a meaning from a preceding theme or rheme.
47. Thematic progression is a method of development of a text. It partly contributes to
the coherence of discourse.
48. Thematic progression may be of three kinds: a-zigzag theme, b- theme reiteration
and c-multiple theme /split rheme.
49. In the passage "The bat is a nocturnal animal. It lives in the dark. Bats hunts at
night. They sleep the day and are very shy", the zig-zag theme pattern is used as a
cohesive means.
50. In the passage:" Nam sits over there. He is my friend. He is a doctor." The
multiple theme pattern is used as a cohesive device.
51. Texts may also contain a multiple theme or split rheme pattern. In this pattern, a
rheme may include a number of different pieces of information, each of which may be
picked up as the theme in a number of subsequent clauses.
 GENRE (Thể loại văn bản)
52. Genres are types of spoken and written discourse recognized by a discourse T
community.
53. Genres as text types usually have schematic structures. T
54. Narrative as a type of genre is used to tell someone to do or make something, to F
describe how something is accomplished through a sequence of steps or actions.