Chapter 1

1
Introduction
1.1 Agriculture
India is basically an agricultural country, and all its resources depend on the agricultural
output. Even in the modern span of industrialization, agriculture is the key area that decides the
economic growth of the country. Agriculture also accounts for 8.56% 0f the country's total
exports. Agriculture is the most important field compared to others in India. The underground
water level is slowly falling down and as well as rainfall is also reduced due to deforestation. In
order to get the maximum yield in the agricultural process, it is necessary to supply the optimum
quantity of water and it should be supplied periodically. This is achieved only through a
systematic irrigation system. Irrigation is the science of planning and designing an efficient,
low-cost, economic irrigation system designed in such a way to fit natural conditions. By the
construction of a proper distribution system and providing an adequate water supply will
increase the yield of crops.
Fig 1.1.1 Agricultural motor Pump
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1.2 About Project
This project is used to control the agricultural motor using a GSM module using a mobile
phone and it also tells if the light is present or not & the motor current condition(on/off/dry
run/overload).The LED turns ON if any phase is connected wrongly otherwise it damages the
motor. The system will measure the current of the motor and depending on that decide the dry
run of the agriculture motor. If water level is low in the well then the system will turn it off as
there is a possibility of burning of the motor. The system is fully controlled by Arduino UNO.
Arduino is programmed according to the desired operation. The GSM automatically receives the
call and we can hear the voice in Marathi, these tell us all the information about control action.
The farmer can press the relative key to do further actions. So, a farmer can on the motor from
his mobile itself instantly from anywhere.
When the motor is in dry run or overload condition, the motor immediately turns OFF. It
prevents the motor. In such a way the Arduino controller is programmed. We developed this
project which is relatively inexpensive which controls the motor remotely. The CT current is
read by the ADC (analog to digital converter) module of the Arduino. This ADC data is
processed and converted into the text given in the program by the Arduino. This processed data
is then taken for further actions to control the motor.
1.3 Block Diagram

Block Diagram consists of Arduino UNO, GSM SIM 800C Module, Relay Module, DF
player, RTC, CT, Power Supply section, Starter, 3 phase Motor,SPP, etc. Arduino is a controller
of the project, so all input and outputs are connected to the arduino. Arduino continuously reads
the input from the GSM, CT circuit & SPP circuit and according to the input it gives the output
to the Relay. Relay connected to the starter that controls the motor action.SPP also connected to
the starter to OFF the motor whenever 3 phase supply is faulty. Single phase preventer is used to
detect if any of the phase is missing or reversely connected. If there is a fault in 3 phase supply
then it would damage the motor in ON condition. Therefore we have used SPP, it immediately
turn OFF the motor if any of the 3 phase supply is faulty.
2
1.3.1 Block Diagram of 3 phase mobile Starter
3
2
Literature Review
I have referred some projects which are already designed. Which controls the Agricultural
motor remotely using a mobile. And I have noticed some issues in those projects, by considering
those problems I have designed a system which tries to resolve these problems.
2.1 GSM based Agriculture Motor Control using Arduino

In this project they tell us about controlling Motors remotely by sending SMS through a
smartphone. This system works as follows: The GMS module is connected to Arduino. When the
farmer shoots a message to turn ON the motor, it will be received by the GSM module. Then the
GSM module forwards this message as a signal to the Arduino board.
After this, the Arduino will make the relay input HIGH, resulting in turning ON the motor
pump and this way their smart irrigation system will start supplying the water to crops. The
procedure remains the same while turning OFF the motor. This time the farmer will send a
message to turn OFF the motor, and the relay output will be made LOW which is then followed
by the shutdown of the water pump.
Disadvantages of this system- This system works on a SMS service only, but some Indian
farmers are uneducated and are unable to write and send messages.
2.2 Agriculture Field Motor Control Using GSM for Mobile

The aim of this project is to develop a simpler and cheaper solution that will provide
remote control for motors through mobile phones using messages. There has been a tremendous
rise in mobile phone users during the past few years. Remote monitoring of processes, machines,
etc., is popular due to advancement in technology. Remote monitoring through Internet based
monitoring is one of the common approaches. This approach requires PCs (Client/Server) along
with additional devices like buffers, modems, etc. for internet connectivity and software support
for TCP/IP protocols and control system interaction. The price of such a system varies greatly
depending on speed and bandwidth requirements. This work provides a Short Messaging Service
(SMS) approach that offers a simple interface with only the destination mobile phone address
4
and message requirement without any protocol. So, this method is suitable for remote monitoring
of systems with moderate complexity.
The proposed methodology was implemented to monitor the soil moisture and the level of
water in a field. This moisture content can be measured using soil moisture sensor and the
availability of water level in a field can be measured using water level sensor. The water level
present in the field is measured by a water level sensor and fed to the microcontroller. If we send
a message to the system, it will send a reply with the status of all the sensors. By using GSM
technology the controller acts according to the control algorithm. The controller controls the
motor to turn ON and OFF, when the moisture content goes above or below the limit. The value
of the moisture content and motor functionality status, Temperature Humidity and water level
also shown in the LCD display GSM module act as both transmitter and receiver. It transmits
data to another GSM module in the form of coded signals using AT commands. We also see the
status of all by sending a message to the system. The farm is monitored by us from anywhere, it
reduces the physical presence.
Disadvantage of this system- In this system the controller controls the motor to turn ON
and OFF, when the moisture content goes above or below the limit. As this system also works on
a SMS service only, some Indian farmers are uneducated and are unable to write and send
messages. Even they are unable to read a message.
2.3 Some Literature Reviews
Authors Papers Methodology Advantages Disadvantages
1.Robert Wall YHDC SCT006 All tests were Suitable in Not

Current carried out At 50 limited recommended
Transformer Hz. For the Circumstances. for use with the
tests,the CT It can offer an high sensitivity
primary improvement input of the
consisted of 1or over the SCT- emonTx.
5 passes of 013 000 on
insulated individual low
5
16/0.2mm wire current circuits
2.Rohit Gupta A Study of The diode bridge PF can be Best result is

AC/DC rectifier Is achieved by the seen only in the
Converter with Constructed. All Active method last
Improved power Methods are of Power factor topology(Single
factor compared in correction. Can phase diode
terms of THD be used with rectifier circuit
(Total harmonic three phase
distortion) circuit for higher with improved
power output parallel input
resonant filter)
3.P.Abhilash Automatic rain Servomotor, rain Driver’s Cannot

Reddy,G. Sensing car sensor Arduino, response to accurately
Prudhvi,Dr.S wiper LCD module for control the determine and
.SSubhashka, P.J control in the Wiper is detect rainfall
Surya Shankar wiper system. Automated. It’s
Reddy, Whenever the response to the
rain falls, the rain for moving
rain sensor the windshield
detects the wipers is less
Intensity of the than 400
rainfall and milliseconds
sends the
information to
Arduino which
is sent to
servomotor to
take action
6
4.Neha Literature Wi-Fi based Low cost, Slow, might
Malik,Yogita Review on using Arduino Secure, have loose
Bodwade Home microcontroller Remotely connection
Automation through IOT controlled
System
5.Anbugana m N Control of Three Speed and High speed, easy Internet

Phase Induction direction of control of motor connection is
Motor by Motor is needed all the
Ardiuno with controlled by time.
IoT Wi-Fi. By PWM
method Output
voltage can be
adjusted.
Table 2.1.1 Literature survey
Problems resolved in our system- Our CT gives correct proportional value of current so
there is no problem regarding CT output. We have not used a rain sensor as it will not give
accurate output. Voltage transformer we have used is a 2 phase transformer, so that if any of the
phase is missing, the system continuously remains ON. We can add the IOT system in future for
more advanced features.
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3
Components & Selection
3.1 Introduction of Induction Motor

An electrical motor is an electromechanical device that converts electrical energy into
mechanical energy. In the case of three-phase AC (Alternating Current) operation, the most
widely used motor is a 3 phase induction motor, as this type of motor does not require an
additional starting device. These types of motors are known as self-starting induction motors.
To get a good understanding of the working principle of a three-phase induction motor, it’s
essential to understand the construction of a 3 phase induction motor. A 3 phase induction motor
consists of two major parts:
● A stator
● A rotor
The stator of a three phase induction motor is made up of numbers of slots to construct a 3
phase winding circuit which we connect with a 3 phase AC source. We arrange the three-phase
winding in such a manner in the slots that they produce one rotating magnetic field when we
switch on the three-phase AC supply source.
The rotor of the three phase induction motor consists of a cylindrical laminated core with
parallel slots that can carry conductors. The conductors are heavy copper or aluminum bars fitted
in each slot and short-circuited by the end rings. The slots are not exactly made parallel to the
axis of the shaft but are slotted a little skewed because this arrangement reduces magnetic
humming noise and can avoid stalling of the motor.
Thus the three phase induction motor is:

-Self-starting
-Less armature reaction and brush sparking because of the absence of commutators and brushes
that may cause sparks.
-Robust in construction.
-Economical.
-Easier to maintain.
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How to Wire a Six Wire Three Phase Electric Motor- Six wire three-phase electric motors
are dual voltage motors. How the wires are interconnected dictates the voltage being supplied to
the motor. The supply voltage is either 240 volts alternating current (VAC) or 480 VAC. The
motor will supply the same amount of power, but with a different load amperage. The higher the
voltage, the lower the amperage.
● Delta Configuration-The first is the delta connection. For this we connect across the
terminals from U1 to W2, V1 to U2 and W1 to V2. This will give us our delta
configuration. When we pass a current through the phases, electricity flows from one
phase into another as the direction of AC power in each phase reverses. That’s why we
have the terminals at different arrangements because we can connect across and allow
electricity to flow between the phases as the electrons reverse direction at different times.
● Star Configuration-The other way we can connect the terminals is to use the star
configuration. In this method we connect between W2, U2 and V2 on only one side of the
motor terminals. This gives us our star equivalent design.
When we pass current through the coils the electrons are shared between the phases at the
terminals. The two ways we just saw of configuring the motor in star or delta are fixed methods.
To change them we have to physically cut the power, open the motor terminals and re-arrange
them.
Fig.3.1.1 Star Delta connection with 6 wire motor
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3.2 Components:
3.2.1 Arduino UNO-
Arduino UNO is a low-cost, flexible, and easy-to-use programmable open-source
microcontroller board that can be integrated into a variety of electronic projects. This board can
be interfaced with other Arduino boards, Arduino shields, Raspberry Pi boards and can control
relays, LEDs, servos, and motors as an output.
Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital

input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz
crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. It contains
everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB
cable or power it with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.
❖ Technical specs-
Microcontroller ATmega328P
Operating Voltage 5V
Input Voltage (recommended 7-12V
Input Voltage (limit) 6-20V
Digital I/O Pins 14(of which 6 provide PWM output)
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PWM Digital I/O Pins 6
Analog Input Pins 6
DC Current per I/O Pin 20 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50mA
Flash Memory 32KB(ATmega328P)
SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328P)
EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328P)
Clock Speed 16 MHz
LED_BUILTIN 13
Length 68.6 mm
Width 53.4 mm
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Weight 25 g
Table 3.2.1.1 Specifications of Arduino UNO
Fig.3.2.1.1 Arduino IC ATMEGA 328P

ATmega328 IC- ATmega328 is commonly used in many projects and autonomous systems
where a simple, low-powered, low-cost microcontroller is needed. Perhaps the most common
implementation of this chip is on the popular Arduino development platform, namely the
Arduino Uno, Arduino Pro Mini and Arduino Nano models.
3.2.2 GSM Module (SIM 800C)-

What is SIM800C GSM module?SIM800C is a complete Quad-band GSM/GPRS solution
in a SMT type, which can be embedded in the customer applications. SIM800C supports
Quad-band 850/900/1800/1900MHz, it can transmit Voice, SMS and data information with low
power consumption.
How does a GSM module work?
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A customized Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) module is designed for
wireless radiation monitoring through Short Messaging Service (SMS). This module is able to
receive serial data from radiation monitoring devices such as survey meter or area monitor and
transmit the data as text SMS to a host server.
Fig. 3.2.2.1GSM SIM 800C module
● AT Command:
What is the use of AT command?
AT commands are commands which are used to control the modems where AT stands for
Attention. These commands were derived from Hayes commands which were used by the Hayes
smart modems. Every wireless, as well as the dial up modems, require an AT command to
interact with a computer machine.
Command Description
AT Checking communication between the module and computer
ATE Command Echo
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AT+CPIN? Sim inserted or not
AT+CLIP=1 Calling line identification presentation
AT+DDET=1/AT+DDET=0 Enable DTMF/Disable DTMF
ATA Answer command
AT+CHUP Cut the call
Table.3.2.2.1 AT commands for GSM call
3.2.3 DF Player
What is the DF Mini Player MP3 Module?
The DF Mini Player module is a small music player. It is low cost and low power and
reproduces sounds stored on a memory card. Based on this, the module can be controlled via the
standalone mode, that is, in this mode, there will only be the DFMini module, a battery to power,
the speaker, buttons to control it, and the SD card with the songs.
Another way to control it is to use an Arduino or another control device. The Arduino, for
example, will send commands through serial communication with the DFMini Player Module.
DFPlayer mini MP3 player is a small and low cost MP3 module player with a simplified output
directly to the speaker. The module can be used as a standalone module with attached battery,
speaker and push buttons or used in combination with an Arduino UNO or any other with
RX/TX capabilities.
Fig.3.2.3.1 DFMini Player module
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❖ Specifications:
-The DFPlayer mini module has an in-build amplifier which can drive up to 3 watt loudspeakers
in stereo or mono. It has 24-bit digital to analog converter (DAC)
-Has a micro SD card slot and can support FAT16 and FAT32 file system with a maximum of
32GB for a TF card, 32GB for a U disk and 64Mbs for FLASH
-It supports MP3 and WMV hardware decoding and a sampling rate of 8KHz,11.025KHz,
12KHz,1 6KHz, 22.05KHz, 24KHz, 32KHz, 44.1KHz, 48KHz.
-Has a 30 level adjustable volume and 6 -level EQ adjustable
There are many other specifications for this module which you can look up in the DFPlayer
mini module data sheet .From this data sheet you will also find the different commands for serial
communication.
3.2.4 2 Channel relay module

2-Channel 12V Relay Module is an interface board and can be controlled directly by a wide
range of micro controllers such as Arduino, AVR, PIC, ARM and so on. With digital outputs to
control larger loads and devices like AC or DC Motors, electromagnets, solenoids, and
incandescent light bulbs. This module is designed to be integrated with 2 relays that it is capable
of controlling 2 relays. The relay shield uses high-quality relay with rated load 10A / 250VAC,
10A / 125VAC,10A/28VDC.
❖ Features of 2 channel relay module:
-2 Channel Relay interface board
-This module can be used with Arduino Special Sensor Shield V4.0
-Brand new and high quality.
-Standard interface that can be controlled directly by microcontroller (Arduino, 8051, AVR, PIC,
DSP, ARM)
-Wide range of controllable voltages.
-Being able to control high load current, which can reach 250V, 10A or 125V.
-With a normally-open (NO) contact and a normally-closed (NC) contact.
-Around the board with 4 mounting holes, easy installation and fixing
-It has a common end, a beginning, a closed-end.
❖ Specification of 2 channel relay module-
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Relay Module; Model: SRD-12VDC-SL-C, 2 Channel
Voltage to operate: 12V DC
Color: Blue Relays on a black PCB
Load: 10A/250VAC,10A/125VAC,10A/28VDC.
3.2.5 RTC(Real time clock)-

The DS3231 is a low-cost, extremely accurate I2C real-time clock (RTC) with an
integrated temperature-compensated crystal oscillator (TCXO) and crystal. The device
incorporates a battery input and maintains accurate timekeeping when main power to the device
is interrupted.
The DS3231 RTC module is a time tracking device that gives the current time and date.
The word RTC means Real Time Clock. The RTC module is made of clock chip DS3231. This
module is generally used in computers, laptops, mobiles, embedded system applications devices,
etc. to provide time and date. The RTC module works on the I2C protocol. The module provides
details such as second, minute, hour, day of the week, day of the month, month, and year
including correction for leap year. One more interesting thing It can operate either in 12 Hour or
in 24 Hour format. It can be used in projects like data-logging, clock-building, time stamping,
timers, and alarms.
How Does it Work?

RTC stands for real-time clock. You can open the serial monitor screen for viewing the
current date and time. You can find the serial monitor on the top right-hand side on your Arduino
IDE application. We are using four of its pins, two for power(GND and VCC) and two for
data(SDA and SCL). The RTC module is used for remembering the date and the time. It comes
with an inbuilt battery which helps it to keep working in the absence of external power.
DS3231 RTC Module Pinout

The DS3231 RTC module has 6 pins that interface it to the outside world. The connections are as
follows:
-32K pin outputs the stable(temperature compensated) and accurate reference clock.
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-SQW pin outputs a nice square wave at either 1Hz, 4kHz, 8kHz or 32kHz and can be handled
programmatically. This can further be used as an interrupt due to alarm conditions in many
time-based applications.
-SCL is a serial clock pin for the I2C interface.
-SDA is a serial data pin for the I2C interface.
-VCC pin supplies power for the module. It can be anywhere between 3.3V to 5.5V.
-GND is a ground pin.
3.2.6 AC Current Transformer(1:1000T)-

A current transformer is designed to maintain an accurate ratio between the currents in its
primary and secondary circuits over a defined range. The alternating current in the primary
produces an alternating magnetic field in the core, which then induces an alternating current in
the secondary.
Fig. 3.2.6.1 Current transformer

What is the working principle of Current Transformer?
The current transformers operating principle is based on the law of electromagnetic
induction. With a certain number of turns, the voltage from the external network is supplied to
the primary power winding and overcomes its total resistance.
Bar type current transformer:
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Fig 3.2.6.2 Measuring current using Current Transformer
3.2.7 Single phase preventer(SPP)-
What is VSP D1?
VSP is a voltage sensing type, and can be used from 1 HP to 20HP. This will sense the
presence of all the 3 phases till its terminals and in case of single phase, relay in the unit will
de-energises and its contact can be used to trip the starter.
Fig.3.2.7.1 Single Phase Preventer
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Fig.3.2.7.2 SPP connection With Starter
This relay is suitable for monitoring incoming 3-phase supply from mains (Electricity
distribution line). Being independent of load, it can be used for any HP/KW rating of load.
❖ Uses:
Phase Failure, Unbalance,Phase Sequence,Auto Reset, Fixed Unbalance Setting
❖ Application:
Agricultural Pump Starters
3 Ph. Split AC machines
Hoist Motor Control
Valve Actuator Motor
Machine Tools
Injection Molding M/c
3.2.8 Three phase starter-

The three-phase electromagnetic motor-starter consists of a power contactor and an
overload relay. The mechanical closing of the power contacts is accomplished by an
electromagnetic field, which is produced by a coil of wire contained in the solenoid. This kind of
starter is required to start more than 10 HP motors. Main use of this starter is to reduce the
starting current. The starting star connection reduces the voltage by 1/ root 3 times.
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Similarly in a 3 phase induction motor, when rotor current is high, consequently the stator
draws a very high current from the supply line. Due to such increment in line current Voltage
starts deeping. Whole system can collapse. Hence even 3 hp rating induction motor is not
allowed without Starter.
Fig.3.2.8.1 L&T Starter
3.3 Selection of components
● Why do we choose Arduino UNO for programming?
First we have chosen the PIC microcontroller for the programming of this project as it can
be programmed to carry out a huge range of tasks. PIC is also easy to program, however getting
the project setup can sometimes be tricky. As we are new to programming a whole project, we
decided to use arduino uno for the programming. The Arduino Uno is one of the best Arduino
boards for beginners. It's extremely user-friendly while allowing for exceptional connectivity.
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● Choosing GSM
GSM can receive & transmit Voice Call, SMS with low power consumption. SIM800 series
modules are new now as SIM900 is quite old. SIM800L module can go in sleep mode and it is
difficult to wake up it. So we have choose SIM800C module to call the system.
● Choosing Relay Module
Here we have used 2 channel 12 V relay module The 2 Channels Relay Module is a
convenient board which can be used to control high voltage, high current load such as motor,
solenoid valves, lamps and AC load. It is designed to interface with microcontrollers such as
Arduino, PIC etc. Among them one relay is used to ON the motor and other to OFF the motor.
● Choosing DFplayer
As GSM should talk with the farmer to tell control actions on call, so we have used df
player. Df player’s audio file are recorded in a SD card which is inserted in a df player. That
audio files are saved with a particular name, which is called in a program to play the audio
during on going call. We have converted the text to speech to make a mp3 files of audio.
● How to detect keys pressed during the call?
A DTMF decoder detects the DTMF tones and generates the binary sequence
corresponding to keys pressed in a DTMF keypad. We have used the “GSM.find("+DTMF:")”
command to detect whether the key is pressed or not and we have used the “GSM.parseInt ()”
command to read which key is pressed.
● Taking real time to control motor
RTC (Real time clock) keeps an updated track of the current time. A real-time clock (RTC)
is a battery-powered clock that is included in a microchip in a computer motherboard. We have
faced some problems during the RTC battery backup, as it was not taking the correct time after
loss of power from the arduino uno. So we have used one command “if (rtc.lostPower()){
rtc.adjust(DateTime”) }” that will take the battery backup whenever power is lost and keep the
correct time.
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4
Interfacing & Connections
4.1 Interfacings:
4.1.1 Interfacing GSM module-
We are going to explain the interfacing of the GSM Module with the Arduino. Interfacing a
GSM module to Arduino is pretty simple. We have to make only 3 connections between the
GSM module and Arduino. For the working demonstration we will be calling a particular
number. So that GSM will receive calls automatically.
Step:-
Insert the sim card GSM module and lock it.
Connect the TX pin of the GSM module to the RX pin of the Arduino Uno.
Connect the RX pin of the GSM module to the TX pin of the Arduino Uno.
Connect the GND pin of the GSM module to the GND pin of the Arduino Uno.
4.1.2 Interfacing DF Player MP3 Player Module-

Interfacing the DFPlayer mini module with Arduino. This mp3 player module can be
connected to the Arduino as illustrated below. We connect a speaker to pins SPK_1 AND SPK_2
which will output the sound from the micro SD card or TFcard inserted into the DFPlayer
module.
i)Don’t forget to connect a 1k resistor between Arduino Tx and the MP3 module RX otherwise
you will have poor sound output.
ii)When storing audio files in the SD card, the file names should begin with a four-digit number,
for example, the first audio file should be named as 0001.mp3. The name can even have other
characters but must begin with the four numbers. The second audio can be 0002_A dusty
road.mp3.
For the simple control of the DFPlayer using Arduino you will need to install the
DFPlayer_Mini_Mp3.h library and for this library to work properly you also need to install the
DFRobot_utility.h library.
The main function is mp3_play () which plays a specified audio file. For example
mp3_play(1) plays the audio file 0001***.mp3 which is the first file.
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4.1.3 Interface 2 Channel Relay Module
To generate the time delay functions in the electronic circuits, there is a component called
‘relay’ that is used. It isolates the low voltage circuit from a high voltage circuit. It’s an
electromagnetic switch that provides an electrical connection between two points to control a
circuit or a device. Telegraphs were the first application that used these relays. But, now every
other electronic device has these relays. Since, as an electronic engineer, it fascinates us to
control our home appliances like AC, fans, TV, etc from ourselves by using Arduino coding. But,
Arduino doesn’t support high voltages. Therefore, relay plays a crucial role there.
When there are no current flows in the circuit, no magnetic field occurs. Hence, the circuit
will be OFF. When a small current flows, it activates the electromagnet to induce the magnetic
field around it. And, this closes the switch, allowing the greater current to flow through this.
Hence the device works. When the current stops flowing, the circuit will be OFF again.
To understand the working of the relay module with Arduino UNO, first, you need to
understand the pin configuration of the two-channel relay module. The module contains four
control pins that are pin 1, 2, 3, and 4. Pin 1 is the power supply pin to power the optocopler in
the module. Pin 4 is for the ground. While pin 2, and 3 is to control the relay. Pin 5, 6, and, 7 are
the power supply selection pins. While pin 8 to 13 are the output terminal pins.
Now, coming towards the circuit, connect the Vcc pin of the module to the 5-volt pin of an
Arduino. Connect the ground pin of the relay module to the ground of an Arduino. Cut your AC
line of the appliance and connect its one end to the COM pin of the module. Now, if you want
your device to mostly to remain OFF, then connect it with the NO pin of the module. However, if
you want the device to remain ON most of the time, connect to its other end to the NC of the
module. In other words, this connection depends on you that what you need the resting state of
your device. To clarify, in this project we want the resting state to be Off, so we are connecting
that end to NO pin. And, that’s how the circuit got wired for your devices.
4.1.4 Interfacing with RTC DS3231

Connections are fairly simple. Start by connecting the VCC pin to the 5V output on the
Arduino and connect GND to ground.
Now we are remaining with the pins that are used for I2C communication. Note that each
Arduino Board has different I2C pins which should be connected accordingly. On the Arduino
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boards with the R3 layout, the SDA (data line) and SCL (clock line) are on the pin headers close
to the AREF pin. They are also known as A5 (SCL) and A4 (SDA).
4.2 Connection Table :
Arduino UNO DF Player
0 RX(PWM pin) TX(Pin no 3)
1 TX(PWM pin) RX(Pin no 2)
Table 4.2.1 Arduino UNO and DF player connections
Arduino UNO GSM
8(pwm pin ) TX
9(pwm pin ) RX
GND GND
Table 4.2.2 Arduino UNO and GSM connections
Arduino UNO RelayModule
GND GND
4(pwm pin) IN1
5(pwm pin) IN2
5V VCC
Table 4.2.3 Arduino UNO and Relay Module connections
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Arduino UNO RTC
5V VCC
GND GND
A4 SDA
A5 SCL
Table 4.2.4 Arduino UNO and RTC connections
GSM DF Player
MIC+ve Speaker
MIC -ve GND
Table 4.2.5 GSM and DF player connections
Voltage Regulator GSM
9v for power VCC
GND GND
Table 4.2.6 Voltage and GSM connections
Voltage Regulator DF Player
6v for power VCC
GND GND
Table 4.2.7 Voltage Regulator and DF player connections
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Starter Relay Module
COM COM
NO NO
NC NC
Table 4.2.8 Starter and Relay module connections
Voltage Regulator Relay Module
12v for power VCC
GND GND
Table 4.2.9 Voltage Regulator and Relay module connections
4.2 Circuit Diagram
Fig.4.2.1 Circuit Diagram of mobile starter
26
This circuit consists of Arduino UNO, GSM module, DF player, Relay module, RTC,
Current transformer, Single phase preventer, Starter etc.
Arduino UNO - It is the controller of our system, all components should connect with the
controller to control all the actions. RTC is only connected with the Arduino,RTC’s Vcc and
GND connected to the 5V and GND of Arduino. Then the Transmitter and receiver pins of GSM
are connected with the Arduino’s 8 and 9 digital pin respectively. GSM’s MIC+ pin is connected
to the SPK2 of the DF player with 100k resistor and also mic+ is grounded with 102 ceramic
capacitor. Then DF player’s transmitter and receiver are connected to the 0 and 1 pin of Arduino
i.e. receiver and transmitter pins. Then the 5V and GND of the Arduino is given to the VCC and
GND pins of the Relay module. This relay module has two Vcc supply to work, one supply is of
5V and another is of 12v. The digital pin 4 and 5 of Arduino is connected to the relay IN1 and
IN2 pins.
Output of relay is connected to the starter, 1st relay’s com and NO are connected to the
starters common and start switch and 2nd relay’s com and NC is connected to common and OFF
switch. Then R,Y,B are 3 phases given to the starter and also goes to SPP and then the motor is
connected at the output. SPP also requires auxiliary supply voltage; it is 440V or 240V. The LED
of SPP shows whether supply is ok or not , if supply is faulty that led turn ON. So we take the
status of that led and give it to the Analog pin of Arduino. Current transformer is connected in
one phase to measure the current of the motor. CT continuously gives reading of current to the
analog pin of Arduino.
The CT circuit consist of resistor to give voltage then diode convert that ac voltage into dc
voltage then RC filter used to give ripple free voltage and 5V zener diode used to maintain 5V
constant, as Arduino analog can not handle voltage more than 5V.
27
Fig. 4.2.2 Power supply section
Circuit is of the power supply section, it consists of 440V ac to 18V ac transformer, full
bridge rectifier circuit, filter capacitor, regulators etc.
2 phase transformer- It has input of 440V AC supply from the 3 phase supply, it step down the
440V into the proportional secondary voltage. The reason behind using this 2 phase transformer
is to work the system continuously ON, if 3 phase light is absent that time any one phase is
absent but other 2 remain present. So if any of them is absent our system will work on the single
phase among 2 phases given to the primary of the transformer.
Full bridge rectifier- The output of the transformer is 18V Ac and we require dc voltage so this
rectifier circuit will convert AC into DC.
Filter capacitor- Capacitor works as a filter, capacitor increases the DC voltage and decreases the
ripple voltage components of the output. It gives pure dc voltage at the output.
Regulator- A voltage regulator is a system designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage

Here we require 4 different voltages therefore we have used constant regulators of 12V, 9V, 6V,
5V. First regulator gives the dc voltage to constant 12V then it is given to the Relay module
VCC. Then output of 12V regulator is given to the 9 V regulator then it gives constant 9V at the
output, it is given to the vcc of GSM system. Then the output of 9V is given to the 6V regulator
then it gives constant 6V, which is given to the DF player’s vcc. Then 6V is given to input of the
5V regulator, it gives 5V to the Arduino UNO vcc.
28
4.3 Working:
First connect any 2 phase from 3 phase supply to the primary of the 2 phase transformer.
Choosing 2 phases such as the phase mostly goes when 3 phase supply light is off it remains
unconnected to the transformer, take other 2 phases. We have to enter the SIM in the GSM
system, it will support all kinds of sim cards except for the Jio sim. We have to recharge the card
for incoming calls with some validity. Then connect the Starter to the com and NO,NC of the
relay module. Then turn ON the 3 phase supply.
The system should take a few seconds to reset the setup, then we can call the GSM. When
we call the number which is entered in the GSM module, GSM automatically answers the call
within 2 seconds. Then we can hear the voice of the DF player, it will play the control manual
that will contain all the information about which key is recommended for which action. We can
press 0 to check whether the Motor is in ON condition or in OFF condition, press 1 to turn ON
the motor immediately, press 2 to turn OFF the motor immediately, press 3 to check whether the
water is present in the well or not, as it shows dry run ,overload and normal run condition of
motor, press 4 to preset turn ON time of motor and 5 is to set turn OFF time of motor, press 6 to
check the 3 phase light is present or not, press7 to listen control action manual.
When 0 is detected it will check the status of the relay module, if the first relay is ON and
second relay is OFF then it will tell that motor is ON and vice-versa. When 1 is detected first it
will check if the motor is ON or OFF, if it is OFF then it will check 3 phase supply, as to turn ON
motor 3 phase supply should be ON. If 3 phase supply is present then only it will turn ON the
motor. And tell that motor turned ON or it was already ON. Same for the detection of 2 it will
check if the motor is on or off, if the motor is ON then it will turn OFF the motor immediately.
And tell whether the motor is already OFF or turned it OFF. When 3 is detected first it checks if
the motor is ON or not then it checks the output of the current transformer continuously after 1
seconds. If the output of ct is in between defined range then it tells motor is in normal run
condition, if ct value falls below some value then motor is in dry run condition,i.e.motor run
without water in well, and if ct value increase above certain defined value then if tells overload
condition. Our system turns OFF the motor immediately when the motor is in dry run and
overload condition. When 4 is detected it asks to enter the turn on hour and on minutes for
setting turn ON time in advance. Similarly for 5 it sets the turn OFF time in advance. Whenever
29
the time entered matches with the current time, the motor turned OFF. When 6 is detected, the
Arduino reads the output from SPP. If it gives 1 then light is present, otherwise light is absent.
30
5
Software & program
5.1 Software Used for Programming

Software we have used is Arduino IDE. The Arduino software is easy-to-use for beginners,
yet flexible enough for advanced users. It runs on Mac, Windows, and Linux. Teachers and
students use it to build low cost scientific instruments, to prove chemistry and physics principles,
or to get started with programming and robotics.
Fig. 5.1.1 Arduino IDE software
31
5.2 Project code:
#include <SoftwareSerial.h> //Create software serial object to communicate with SIM8OO
SoftwareSerial GSM (8, 9); //SIM800 Tx & Rx is connected to Arduino #8 &#9
#include <DFPlayer_Mini_Mp3.h> //Library for DFplayer
#include <RTClib.h> // Library for the RTC
#include <Wire.h> //For communication between Arduino and RTC
RTC_DS3231 rtc; //DS3231 Library
char t[32];
char *phone_no = "+918390026157";
char *phone_no2 = "+918390025555";
int adc2=0, adc1=0;
int ONHour1,ONMinute1, OFFHour1,OFFMinute1;
int ONHour5, ONHour6, ONMinute7, ONMinute8, OFFHour9,
int OFFHour10, OFFMinute11, OFFMinute12;
int CurrentHour, CurrentMinute;
int IN1 = 4;
int IN2 = 5;
int status_1,status_2;
int phCK1, phCK2;
int CT1=0;
int CT2=0;
#define ON 0
#define OFF 1
unsigned long currentTime;
unsigned long loopTime1;
32
unsigned long loopTime2;
const int currentPin = A1; //it use for CT
double adc; //for Ct vtg
void setup()
pinMode(IN1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(IN2, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(115200); //Begin serial communication with Arduino and Arduino IDE
GSM.begin (9600); //Begin serial communication with Arduino and SIM800L
Wire.begin(); //Begin serial communication with arduino and RTC
rtc.begin(); //Begin serial communication with arduino and RTC DS3231
if (rtc.lostPower()) { //use of Battery backup when power lost from arduino
rtc.adjust(DateTime(F(__DATE__), F(__TIME__))); //set current date time after power come
mp3_set_serial(Serial); //Begin serial communication with arduino and DFplayer
mp3_set_volume(29); //set the volume of mp3 min=0 max=30
initModule ("AT", "OK", 300); //scan for GSM Module
initModule ("ATE0", "OK", 300); //echo off
initModule ("AT+CPIN?", "READY", 300); // sim inserted or not
initModule ("AT+CLIP=1", "OK", 300); //calling line identification presentation
initModule ("AT+DDET=1", "OK", 300); //enable dtmf
phCK1=analogRead(A0);
void loop()
33
{
Serial.println("IN LOOP START");
currentTime = millis(); //upto this line how much time required in millisec
if (currentTime >= (loopTime1 + 2000)){
Serial.print("phCK1:--");
Serial.print(phCK1);
phCK1=phCK2;
loopTime1 = currentTime;
if(phCK1<800 && phCK2<800){
relay_SetStatus(OFF,ON); //turn on motor
DateTime now = rtc.now(); //Automatically take universal time
adc = analogRead(currentPin); //Read current from ct using A0 pin
//sprintf(t, "%02d:%02d:%02d %02d/%02d/%02d", now.hour(), now.minute(), now.second(),

now.month(), now.day(), now.year());
CurrentHour = now.hour(); //Take correct time in hour
CurrentMinute = now.minute(); //Take correct time in minutes
Serial.print("\tHour: ");
Serial.print(CurrentHour); //print current hour
Serial.print("\tMinute: ");
Serial.println(CurrentMinute); //print current minute
34
Serial.print("\tONHour: ");
Serial.print(ONHour1); //print ON time set On Mobile
Serial.print("\tONMinute: ");
Serial.println(ONMinute1); //print ON time set On Mobile
Serial.print("\tOFFHour: ");
Serial.print(OFFHour1); //print OFF time set On Mobile
Serial.print("\tOFFMinute: ");
Serial.println(OFFMinute1); //print OFF time set On Mobile
if ((CurrentHour == ONHour1) && (CurrentMinute == ONMinute1)) { //when set time match

with current time
relay_SetStatus(ON, OFF); //turn on Motor
if ((CurrentHour == OFFHour1) && (CurrentMinute == OFFMinute1)) {//when set time match

with current time
relay_SetStatus(OFF, ON);//turn off Motor
if (status_1 == 0 && status_2 == 1) { //if motor is on check status of overload and dry run
if (currentTime >= (loopTime1 + 2000)) {
adc1=adc2;
adc2=analogRead(A1);
if(adc2>adc1+20) {
Serial.println();
35
}
else {
adc = analogRead(currentPin);
if (adc <= 613) { //if voltage less than 3 then dry run on
Serial.print("adc:--");
Serial.print(adc);
Serial.println("Dry run ON");
else if (adc > 613 && adc < 818) { //Motor running on normal voltage
Serial.print(adc);
Serial.println("Dry run OFF");
else if (adc >= 818) { //voltage is greater than 5 so motor is overloaded
Serial.print(adc);
Serial.println("Overload");
else {
36
initModule ("AT", "OK", 300); //check at command after every 2 sec
Serial.println("AT checked");
if (GSM.find("CLIP:")) { //Detect call
Serial.println("RING!");
delay (100);
while (1) {
if (GSM. find (phone_no) || GSM. find (phone_no2)) {
initModule ("ATA", "OK", 300); //receive or ans the call
Serial.println("Call Received!");
delay(100);
mp3_play (0); //press 7 to check the control manual
delay (4000);
while (1) {
Serial.println("IN 1st while");
if (status_1 == 0 && status_2 == 1) { //if motor is on check status of overload and dry run
Serial.print("CT1:--");
Serial.print(CT1);
CT1=CT2;
CT2=analogRead(currentPin);
37
}
if(CT2-CT1<25) {
Serial.print(adc);
Serial.print(adc);
Serial.print(adc);
else {
if (currentTime >= (loopTime2 + 30000)) { //if no key press then call end after 30 sec
38
break;
if (GSM.find("+DTMF:")) { //when Key is pressed
int Data = GSM.parseInt (); //stored the key value on data
switch (Data){
case 0: //Check Motor status
initModule ("AT+DDET=0", "OK", 300); //disable dtmf
Serial.println("0 IS DETECTED");
if (status_1 == 0 && status_2 == 1) { //Relay1 is ON and Relay2 is off
Serial.println("motor is on");
mp3_play(7); //Play motor iS ON
delay(2000);
else {
Serial.println("motor is off");
mp3_play(8); //Play motor iS OFF
delay(2000);
initModule ("AT+DDET=1", "OK", 300); //Enable dtmf detection
break;
39
case 1: //Turn ON motor
initModule ("AT+DDET=0", "OK", 300);
if (status_1 == 0 && status_2 == 1) { //if motor is already on
Serial.println("motor is ON");
mp3_play(7); //play motor is ON
delay(2000);
else { //if motor is OFF
int phCK=analogRead(A0);
if(phCK>800) {
relay_SetStatus(ON, OFF); //turn on motor
Serial.println("motor turned ON");
Serial.print("adc in call:--");
Serial.println(adc);
mp3_play(1); //Play Motor turned ON
delay(2000);
else {
mp3_play(32); //supply is off
delay(3000);
Serial.println("motor turned off");
mp3_play(2); //Play Motor turned OFF
delay(2000);
40
}
break;
case 2: //Turn OFF motor
if (status_1 == 1 && status_2 == 0) { //if motor is already off
Serial.println("motor is off");
mp3_play(8); //Play motor is OFF
delay(2000);
else { //if motor is ON
Serial.println("motor turned off");
mp3_play(2); //Play Motor turned OFF
delay(2000);
break;
41
case 3: //Check status of overload and dry run
adc = analogRead(currentPin);
Serial.print(adc);
mp3_play(3); //Dry run is ON so motor will be Off
delay(4000);
Serial.print(adc);
mp3_play(4); //Dry Run is Off so motor is On
delay(4000);
Serial.print(adc);
mp3_play(5); //motor is overloaded so motor will be Off
42
delay(3000);
else {
break;
case 4: // set ON time to turn ON motor on perticular time
Serial.println("4 IS DETECTED to set ON time");
mp3_play(11); //Please enter hours to set on time
delay(3000);
while (1) //continuous checking till data5 is not enter
if (GSM.find("+DTMF:")) { //when key pressed
int Data5 = GSM.parseInt (); //when you give time(hr) that time is enter in data5
ONHour5 = Data5; //data5(time) value is stored in onhours5
break;
while (1) { //continuous checking till data6 is not enter
43
ONHour6 = Data6;//data6(time) value is stored in onhours6
break;
ONHour1 = ONHour5 * 10 + ONHour6; //2 digits value add and stored on onhour1
mp3_play(12); //Please enter min key to set on time
delay(3000);
if (GSM.find("+DTMF:")) { //it decode the key pressed
ONMinute7 = Data7; //data7(time) value is stored in onminute7
break;
if (GSM.find("+DTMF:")) { //it decode the key pressed
int Data8 = GSM.parseInt ();//when you give time(hr) that time is enter in data8
ONMinute8 = Data8; //data8(time) value is stored in onminute8
44
break;
ONMinute1 = ONMinute7 * 10 + ONMinute8; //2 digits value add and stored in onminute1
mp3_play(15); //motor turn ON time set
delay(2000);
break;
case 5: // set Off time for motor will be off perticular time
Serial.println("5 IS DETECTED to set ON time");
mp3_play(13); //Please enter hr key to set off time
delay(3000);
OFFHour9 = Data9;//data9(time) value is stored in onminute9
break;
45
int Data10 = GSM.parseInt ();//when you give time(hr) that time is enter in data10
OFFHour10 = Data10;//data10(time) value is stored in onminute10
break;
OFFHour1 = OFFHour9 * 10 + OFFHour10;//2 digits value add and stored in offhour1
mp3_play(14);//Please enter min key to set off time
delay(3000);
OFFMinute11 = Data11; //data11(time) value is stored in onminute11
break;
OFFMinute12 = Data12; //data12(time) value is stored in onminute12
46
break;
OFFMinute1 = OFFMinute11 * 10 + OFFMinute12;
mp3_play(16); //motor turn OFF time set
delay(2000);
break;
case 6:
int phCK=analogRead(A0);
if(phCK>800){
Serial.println("Supply ON");
mp3_play(33);
delay(3000);
else{
Serial.println("Supply OFF");
mp3_play(32);
delay(3000);
47
break;
case 7: //CHECK THE CONTROL MANUAL
initModule("AT+DDET=0", "OK", 300);
Serial.println("press 0 to check status of motor");
mp3_play(20); delay(4000);
Serial.println("press 1 for ON");
Serial.println("press 2 for OFF");
Serial.println("press 3 for dry run and overload");
Serial.println("press 4 to set on time of motor");
Serial.println("press 5 to set off time of motor");
Serial.println("press 6 to check light");
Break;
48
}
else{
initModule("AT","OK",300);
break;
initModule("AT+CHUP", "OK", 300); //CUT THE CALL
Serial.println("Call cut");
void relay_SetStatus( unsigned char stat1, unsigned char stat2)//function to set relay status
digitalWrite(IN1, stat1);//0 or 1 value stored on in1
digitalWrite(IN2, stat2);//0 or 1 value stored on in2
status_1 = stat1;
status_2 = stat2;
void initModule(String cmd, char *res, int t)//COMMAND REPLY AND TIME
while (1)
49
GSM.println(cmd);//Command print(initModule("AT+CHUP","OK",300);
delay(100);
while (GSM.available() > 0) //that command is available in loop or not
if (GSM.find(res)) //reply (ok)
delay(t);//time(300)
return;
else
delay(t);
50
6
Results & Discussions
6.1 Result
In this system wedone to give the protection to three phase motors against the over
voltage, over current, single phasing & dry run. We switch on/off the motor by calling to the
system. Any abnormal condition occurs when the system switches off the motor automatically
and intimate the fault to the user on call.
6.2 Discussion
The system ensures protection against over voltage, over current, single phasing & dry run.
It also provides the intimation of the abnormal condition and the motor automatically switches
off. This helps to uniform distribution of water at regular intervals, reduction in labor cost,
prevention of unwanted water spillage, It helps to save the water and gives the feedback of all
operations. This is the major advantage of this system. The use of mobile phones is common and
easy to understand for farmers. The pump will be located away from their homes due to this by
using mobile phone farmers to control the motor from home. As this is very helpful to the
farmer.
51
7
Conclusion
● The project “3 Phase Mobile Starter” has been successfully designed and tested.
● It has been developed by integrating features of all the hardware components used.
Presence of every module has been reasoned out and placed carefully thus contributing to
the best working of the unit. Thus monitoring the functioning of the motor automatically
using GSM technology got designed with the specific parameters.
● Secondly, using highly advanced IC’s and with the help of growing technology the
project has been successfully implemented.
● This is a very useful technique to control motor functioning.
● By using a Controller , we Controlled the on off action of the motor.
● It is mainly useful in the areas where the power fluctuations are high
8
References
1) DTMF Phone call control home appliance Project
https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/embeddedlab786/dtmf-phone-call-control-home-appliance-f
84cf5
52
2)How to install arduino IDE software
https://www.arduino.cc/en/software
3)Download and add df player library for Arduino
https://github.com/embeddedlab786/DFPlayer_Mini_mp3.git
4)RTC interfacing link
https://lastminuteengineers.com/ds3231-rtc-arduino-tutorial/
53

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1

Fig 1.1.1 Agricultural motor Pump

1.3 Block Diagram

2.1 GSM based Agriculture Motor Control using Arduino

2.2 Agriculture Field Motor Control Using GSM for Mobile

2.3 Some Literature Reviews

Authors Papers Methodology Advantages Disadvantages

1.Robert Wall YHDC SCT006 All tests were Suitable in Not

2.Rohit Gupta A Study of The diode bridge PF can be Best result is

3.P.Abhilash Automatic rain Servomotor, rain Driver’s Cannot

5.Anbugana m N Control of Three Speed and High speed, easy Internet

Table 2.1.1 Literature survey

3.1 Introduction of Induction Motor

Thus the three phase induction motor is:

Fig.3.1.1 Star Delta connection with 6 wire motor

Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital

Input Voltage (recommended 7-12V

Input Voltage (limit) 6-20V

Digital I/O Pins 14(of which 6 provide PWM output)

Analog Input Pins 6

DC Current per I/O Pin 20 mA

DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50mA

Flash Memory 32KB(ATmega328P)

Clock Speed 16 MHz

Table 3.2.1.1 Specifications of Arduino UNO

Fig.3.2.1.1 Arduino IC ATMEGA 328P

3.2.2 GSM Module (SIM 800C)-

How does a GSM module work?

Fig. 3.2.2.1GSM SIM 800C module

AT Checking communication between the module and computer

ATE Command Echo

AT+CLIP=1 Calling line identification presentation

AT+DDET=1/AT+DDET=0 Enable DTMF/Disable DTMF

ATA Answer command

AT+CHUP Cut the call

Table.3.2.2.1 AT commands for GSM call

Fig.3.2.3.1 DFMini Player module

3.2.4 2 Channel relay module

3.2.5 RTC(Real time clock)-

How Does it Work?

DS3231 RTC Module Pinout

3.2.6 AC Current Transformer(1:1000T)-

Fig. 3.2.6.1 Current transformer

Fig.3.2.7.1 Single Phase Preventer

3.2.8 Three phase starter-

Fig.3.2.8.1 L&T Starter

3.3 Selection of components

● Why do we choose Arduino UNO for programming?

● Choosing Relay Module

● How to detect keys pressed during the call?

● Taking real time to control motor

4.1.2 Interfacing DF Player MP3 Player Module-

4.1.4 Interfacing with RTC DS3231

4.2 Connection Table :

Arduino UNO DF Player

0 RX(PWM pin) TX(Pin no 3)

1 TX(PWM pin) RX(Pin no 2)

Table 4.2.1 Arduino UNO and DF player connections

Arduino UNO GSM

Table 4.2.2 Arduino UNO and GSM connections

Arduino UNO RelayModule

4(pwm pin) IN1

5(pwm pin) IN2

Table 4.2.3 Arduino UNO and Relay Module connections

rtc.adjust(DateTime(F(DATE), F(TIME))); //set current date time after power come