Automatic Railway Gate Control

System Using Arduino Uno

Submitted by. Submitted To.

Krishna Gautam (1704620005)
Shubham Kumar Yadav (1804620902)
Nikhil Raj Singh (1704620007)
(Electrical Final year..)
Anil Kumar Pathak ( H.O.D )
Priya Jaiswal and Kaushal Maurya
( Assist. Professor)
 Content
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Block Diagram
 Working
 Required components
 Cost Estimate
 Technical specification
 H-Bridge Motor Drive
 IR Sensor Module
 DC Motor
 Battery
 Software
 Future Scope
 Advantages
 Conclusion
 Abstract
 A human safety is major goal for railways. The intention of this of
paper is to achieve automatic control at the level of crossings when
the arrival/departure of the train takes place replacing the manual
gate control. The railway gate automatic is closed when a train is
passes through the railway crossing. The detection of arrival and
departure of train is done by using two IR sensors. The gate opening
and closing is to be done by using servo motors/DC motors which is
controlled by Arduino UNO. Buzzers are used to indicate the closing
of gate for the people who are trying to cross the gate the system
helps in avoiding the increased number of accidents at level crossing
in India. The hardware is supported by the Arduino C programming.
The proposed system is more reliable and cost efficient.
 Introduction
 In today’s scenario railways safety becomes the most
important aspect of railways all over the world. As we know
the railways is the cheapest mode of transportation, and due
to manual operation, accident are lightly to happen.

 There are 30348 level crossings on Indian railways across

the country. 18785 are man handled and 11563 are non-man
handled level crossings out of 303048 level crossings.

 To avoid accidents over previous five years 4792 level

crossings have been removed by the respective zonal
railways of Indian railway the Indian ministry of railways
made are decision focusing on eliminating all level
crossings on availability of railways fund.
 Block diagram

Power supply

IR sensor 1

Arduino UNO Motor Drive DC Motor Gate

IR sensor 2
 Working
 In this proposed model we use USB cable to connect the Arduino UNO
to the PC that will supply the power Arduino UNO and the sensors are
powered by 9v battery. After this supply is given to ARDUINO the
servo motor/DC motor and IR sensors are controlled and interfaced
through the ARDUINO. Now the IR sensors senses the arrival/departure
of the train and accordingly sets up the buzzer to notify the
surrounding/ near by area. After which the servo motor/ DC motor
which here is used to control the gateway system at the crossing itself
takes the corresponding action to weather open or close the gateway
accordingly.
 Required Components
 Arduino Uno R3

 L293D Motor Driver

 LM 358 IC

 IR sensor Pairs

 DC motors

 Buzzers

 LED’s

 Jumper wires
 Cost Estimate
Sr. No. Components Quantity Cost
1. Arduino Uno Atmega328 01 1000/-
2. LM7805 Voltage Regulator 02 100/-
3. 1000 micro F/16v Electrolytic capacitor 02 100/-
4. Reflective type IR Sensor 02 500/-
5. 1 kom Resistor 02 10/-
6. L293D3 Motor Drive 01 100/-
7. 12v PMM Motor 01 200/-
8. 12v SMPS 01 500/-
9. TOY TRAIN 01 1000/-
TOTAL 3510/-
 Technical specification
 Microcontroller
 Operating voltage: 5v
 Input voltage: 7-20 v
 Digital I/O pins: 14 (in which 6 provide PWM output)
 Analog Input pins: 6
 DC current per I/O pins: 20 mA
 DC current for 3.3v pin: 50 mA
 Flash Memory: 32 KB of which0.5 KB used by bootloader
 SRAM: 2 KB
 EEPROM: 1KB
 Length: 68.6mm
 Width: 53.4mm
 Weight: 25g
 Description of Components
 Arduino Uno

 The Arduino uno is a widely used open-source microcontroller board

based on the ATmega328p microcontroller and developed by
Arduino.CC. The board is equipped with sets of digital and analog
input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion
boards (shields) and other circuits. The board features 14 digital pins
and 6 analog pins. It is programmable with the ArduinoIDE
integrated development.
 H-Bridge Motor Drive
 An H-Bridge is an electronic circuit that switches the polarity of
a voltage applied to a load. These circuit are often used in
robotics and other applications to allow DC motors to run
forward or backward. Most DC to AC converters ( power
invertors ), Most AC to AC convertors , the DC to DC push pull
convertor, Most Motor controllers, and many other kinds of
power electronics uses H-Bridges. In particular a bipolar stepper
motor is almost invariably driven by a motor controller
containing two H-Bridges.
 IR Sensor Module
 Working Method..

 When we turn ON the circuit there is no IR radiation towards photodiode

and the output of the comparator is Low. When we take some object (not
black) in front of IR pair, then IR emitted by IR LED is Reflected by the
object and absorbed by the photodiode.

 Now when reflected IR Falls on photodiode, the voltage across photodiode,

drops and the voltage across series resistor R2 increases. When the voltage
at Resistor R2 ( which is connected to the non-inverting end of convertor)
gets higher then the voltage at inverting end, then the output becomes HIGH
and LED turns ON.
• Voltage at inverting end, which is also called Threshold Voltage,
can be set by rotating the variable resistor’s knob. Higher the
voltage at inverting end (-) less sensitive the sensor and lower the
voltage at inverting end (-), more sensitive the sensor.
 DC Motor
 A DC motor usually means a permanent-magnet, direct current (DC)
motor of the sort used in toys, models, cordless tools, and robots. These
motors are particularly versatile because both there speed and direction
can be controlled by the voltage or duty cycle of by its polarity.

 Torques is the measurement of the motors power. The higher the torque
of the motor the more weight it can move.

 DC motors provide different amount of torque depending on their

running speed, which is measured by RPM, the better the motor torque.
However, in high torque, the speed may be too high for an application.
• That’s why we have to use gear’s (or geared motor) to
reduce the overall speed of the motor and running at the
top speed to get the most power to, say a wheel attached
to the shaft of the motor.
 Battery
 A 9v battery is required to supply the DC power to
drive the Arduino Uno and other components
connected to the Arduino.

Software

 Arduino IDE is used to develop to the prototype of the software.

Arduino IDE is available at the official website of Arduino. This
is open source , so any one can develop anything according to
there choice.
 Future Scope
 By using transmitter and receivers we can control
the railway gate system.

 We can give voice communication to road users.

 LED displays at railway crossing gates can also be

achieved.
 Advantages
 AVOID MAN POWER

 REDUCE OPERATION COSTS

 EASY TO USE

 PERFORMANCE IS HIGH

 PORTABLE

 ACCURACY IS HIGH

 AUTOMATIC OPERATION

 LOW POWER CONSUMPTION

 Conclusion
 As the system is completely automated, it avoids manual errors and
thus provides ultimate safety to road users.

 By this mechanism, presence of a gatekeeper is not necessary and

automatic operation of the gate through the motor action is
achieved.

 Microcontroller performs the complete operation sensing , gate

closing and operating is done by software coding written for the
controller.
THANK YOU