托福口语学科词汇

目录
生物学科词汇..................................................................3
心理学科词汇.................................................................40
商科词汇.....................................................................76
社会学科词汇.................................................................95
艺术历史学词汇...............................................................97
考古学科词汇................................................................106
地理学科词汇................................................................108
历史学科词汇................................................................111
 生物学科词汇

TPO8 Task 4

front wings 前翼 ★
blend in with 融入
1. 例句：Their front wings are colored so they blend in with their surroundings.
它们的前翼颜色使得它们能与周围环境融为一体。00：16-00：22

closed and hidden 合上并藏起来 ★★

2. 例句：Its back wings, which are usually closed and hidden, have these bright colorful spots
on them.
它的后翼通常合上并隐藏起来，上面有鲜亮的圆点。00:22-00-:29

pop out 跳出来 ★★

3. 例句：it suddenly opens its back wings and out pop these bright colors.
它突然展开自己的后翼，然后这些鲜亮的颜色就跳出来了。00：29-00：36

surprise the predator 惊吓捕食者 ★

get away 逃跑 ★
4. 例句：And that surprises the predator and gives the Peanut Bug a chance to get away.这会
吓到捕食者，使花生虫有机会逃跑。00:36-00:41

shiny wings 翅膀非常闪亮 ★

reflect sunlight 反射阳光 ★★
5. 例句：And parts of the morpho butterfly wings are very shiny. They reflect a lot of sunlight.
闪蝶翅膀的某些部分非常闪亮。它们能反射大量的阳光。00:47-00:53

flap its wing 挥舞翅膀 ★★

6. 例句：when the morpho flaps its wings, all the bird can see are flashes of light.
当闪蝶挥舞翅膀的时候，所有的鸟都能看到闪光。01:06-01:13

3
TPO9 Task 6

physical features 外在特征 ★★ prev

ent...from doing...防止...做... ★★ land
on...落在 ★★
1. 例句：some plants have physical features that prevent insects from landing on them.
一些植物的外在特征能防止昆虫落在它们身上。0:23-0:29

passion plant 龙珠果 ★

spiky hairs 尖锐的毛发 ★★
2. 例句：Like the passion plant, for example, its leaves have little spiky hairs all over
them.
例如，龙珠果整个表面长有尖锐的毛发 0:29-0:36

spike 尖刺 ★
stick out of the plant 突出来 ★★★
3. 例句：They’re like spikes, sticking out of the plant .
它们就像尖刺一样，从植物中突出来 0:35-0:44

potato plant 马铃薯株 ★

release a chemical 释放化学物质 ★★★
4. 例句：The potato plant is able to release a chemical throughout its leaf system .
马铃薯能通过叶子释放出一种化学物质。1:06-1:15

swallow a chemical 吞食化学物质 ★★

5. 例句：The insect swallows this chemical as it eats.1:26-1:29
昆虫在进食的时候吞下化学物质

discourage...from doing...打消...做某事的念头 ★★★

6. 例句：And this chemical discourages the insect from wanting to eat more of the plant.
这种化学物质使得昆虫不想再吃这种植物。1:29-1:35

make ... feel full 使...觉得很饱 ★

7. 例句：Well, the substance makes the insect feel full, like it’s already had enough to eat.
这种物质使得昆虫觉得很饱，就像它已经吃够了一样。1:35-1:43

emit a chemical 释放一种化学物质 ★★

8. 例句：So, by emitting this chemical, the potato plant protects itself from insects.
通过释放这种化学物质，马铃薯保护了自己不受昆虫的伤害。1:48-2:02

4
TPO13 Task6

resemble 像 ★
leaf-like protrusions 叶子般的突兀 ★
stick out like arms 像手臂那样伸出 ★★★
1. 例句：For instance, take a kind of fish like the Leafy Sea Dragon, well, the name says it all,
it resembles a small green dragon with leaf-like protrusions sticking out like arms.
比如，叶海龙，就如其名，它很像一条绿色的龙，有着像叶子般的触手且很像手臂。
0:46-0:59

blend in well with 很好地…混合在一起 ★★★

2. 例句：Now because its colors and shapes, it blends in extremely well with green sea plants.
现在因为它的颜色和形状，它很好地与绿色的海草混合在一起。1:00-1:05

camouflage 伪装 ★★
doesn’t work 不起作用 ★
3. 例句：But when it enters other environments without these green plants, its camouflage
doesn’t work any more.
当周围环境没有绿色植物的时候，它的伪装就不起作用。1:11-1:18

have a lot more mobility 有更好的机动性 ★★

have shifting pigments 有可转换的色素 ★ ma
tch their color 匹配周围颜色 ★★
4. 例句：But, uh, they have a lot more mobility because their camouflage allows them to blen
d in to any environment, because Cuttlefish have shifting pigments that allow them to change
color in a matter of seconds, and, so they can almost instantaneously match their color of thei
r surroundings.
但是，它们有更好的机动性因为它们的伪装让他们与环境融于一体，因为乌贼有可转换的
色素让他们在短短几秒内变换颜色，然后所以它们可以突然匹配周围环境的颜色。1:3
9-1:59

5
TPO14 Task6

has an enormous mouth 有巨大的嘴巴 ★

a large stomach 大的胃 ★
5. 例句：A good example, um, there’s a species of eel that has an enormous mouth and a lar
ge stomach that’s capable of expanding.
一个很好的例子，一种鳗有巨大的嘴巴和胃。0:44-0:53

eat prey larger than itself. 吃比自身大的猎物 ★★

6. 例句：And these unusual features allow this eel to eat prey larger than itself.
这些不寻常的身体特征可以让鳗吃掉比自身大的猎物。0:54-0:58

produces light 发光 ★★
7. 例句：And on its head, this fish has a little structure that produces light that glows in the
dark.
在它的头上，这鱼拥有一个小的可发光并在黑暗中燃亮的结构。1:23-1:29

position close to 位于 ★★★

8. 例句：This little structure, this little light, is positioned close to the fish’s mouth.
这个小部位-发光体位于靠近鱼的嘴的位置。1:30-1:34

capture and eat 捕捉和吃 ★★★

9. 例句：And that brings them close enough for the angler fish to capture them and eat them.
这样可以足够近让鮟鱇鱼捕捉和吃。 1:41-1:45

6
TPO15 Task6

have good eye sight 拥有强的视力 ★★

spot 发现 ★★
from high up in the air 从高空中 ★★
1. 例句：Hawks have such good eye sight that they can spot a tiny mouse in the field from
high up in the air.
鹰拥有如此强的视力，它们可以从高空中发现一只很小的老鼠。0:58-1:05

swoop down to catch it 向下俯冲并抓住 ★★★

2. 例句：They spot the mouse and swoop down to catch it.
它们发现老鼠然后向下俯冲并抓住它。1:06-1:08

wade near 趟过 ★★
3. 例句：Imagine a duck wading near the edge of a lake.
想象一下一只鸭子从湖边趟过。1:32-1:35

on lookout for 保持警觉 ★★★

4. 例句：It needs to spend time eating grasses and insects, but it also is on constant lookout fo
r danger from its predator, like the fox.
它需要花时间吃草和昆虫，但其实同时它还对捕食者保持持续的警觉比如狐狸。
1:36-1:44

7
TPO18 Task 4

open grassy plains 开阔的草原 ★★

1. 例句：Prong Horns, as you may know, are a kind of deer-like animal, they live out in the
open grassy plains.
麋鹿是一种长得很像鹿的动物，它们居住在开阔的草原上。0:16-0:23

off in a flash 一闪而过 ★★★

2. 例句：None of its present predators, like the bobcat or the coyote can even hope to catch u
p with it. It’s off in a flash!
它所有的捕食者，像山猫或者小狼都别想指望能追赶上它。它真的一闪而过！0:38-0:47

chase and prey upon 对….捕食 ★★★

3. 例句：lions used to live on the plains, chasing and preying upon the Pronghorns.
狮子以前住在草原上，追赶着捕捉着麋鹿。1:08-1:13

swift-moving 快速移动 ★★
4. 例句：lions, of course, are a very swift-moving mammal.
当然狮子是能非常快速移动的哺乳动物。1:14-1:17

all extinct 全部灭绝 ★★★

5. 例句：But, now, however, lions are all extinct in North America.
但是现在狮子全都灭绝了。 1:24-1:28

critical to 对...很关键 ★★
6. 例句：So back then, the Pronghorn’s speed was critical to its survival.
在之前，麋鹿的奔跑速度对于它的生存是非常关键的。1:38-1:44

8
TPO19 task6

flap their wings 上下拍打翅膀 ★★

1. 例句：Now, most birds flap their wings up and down when they fly, which uses up a lot of
energy.
大部分的鸟在飞行时上下拍打翅膀，这要耗费很多能量。 0:40-0:46

glide or float 滑翔或摇摆 ★★★

2. 例句：These long wings allow it to glide or float on the wind, and this uses very little
energy .
长的翅膀可以让它在风中滑翔或摇摆，并只需用很少的能量。0:55-1:02

cover huge expanse of ocean 覆盖广阔的海域寻找食物 ★★

3. 例句：This is important because as I said the albatross has to cover huge expanse of ocean
to locate food, sometimes up to eleven hundred miles a day.
这很重要因为我提到了信天翁需要覆盖广阔的海域寻找食物有时一天要跨越超过一千
海里的范围。1:03-1:13

pick up scent 搜集食物的气味 ★★

4. 例句：It has tiny tubes inside the nose holes in its beak, and these special tube-shaped
nostrils help it to pick up scent of food.
在鼻孔里有小的管，这些鼻孔有助于捕捉食物的气味。 1:36-1:40

give off odor 发出一种强烈独特的气味 ★★

5. 例句：but they give off a very sharp, distinctive odor
但它们发出一种强烈独特的气味。1:56-1:59

scatter 散播 ★
6. 例句：the fulmar needs to find foods that scatter far out over the ocean
管鼻藿需要在广阔遥远的海域上寻找食物。1:29-1:33

9
TPO22 Task6

cut into the dirt 切入土中 ★

loosen the dirt up 松土 ★★
throw the dirt behind 把土往后抛 ★★
1. 例句：The claws cut into the dirt, loosen it up, and once the dirt is loosened up, the broad
feet throw the dirt behind the mole as it moves forward.
爪子切入土中并松土，当土被松动后，巨大的前爪会把土往后抛然后向前进。1:11-1:19

protect … from …保护…不受…干扰 ★★★

2. 例句：These hairs protect the mole’s eyes from dirt particles.
这些毛发可以保护鼹鼠的眼睛不受尘土颗粒干扰。 2:00-2:03

the dirt particles 尘土颗粒 ★★

3. 例句：So as the mole goes digging through the dirt with its head push forward, the dirt
particles come into contact with the hairy membrane covering the mole’s tiny eyes.
所以当鼹鼠挖土并前进时尘土颗粒会与发膜接触但小眼睛会受到保护。2:04-2;13

slide by 滑过去 ★★★

4. 例句：And the particles just slide by.
然后颗粒就滑过去。2:13-2:16

10
TPO23 Task6

hinged in the middle 中间是铰链的 ★★

1. 例句：Its leaves, it has special leaves that are hinged in the middle the two halves of the
leaves open and close sort of like a mouth to catch insects.
它的叶子很特别中间是铰链的并分开作两块而且还会开合就像嘴一样。 1:03-1:13

get lured in 被诱惑 ★★★

land on the leaf 落到叶子上 ★★
form a little cage 形成一个小牢笼 ★★
trap 把昆虫困在叶子间 ★★★
2. 例句：The leaf quickly closes to form a little cage, trapping the insect between the leaves.
叶子很快就合上形成一个小笼把昆虫困在叶子间。1:29-1:34

shut 关闭 ★
3. 例句：The leaf springs shut.
叶片弹簧关闭。1:24-1:25

produce a sweet nectar 产生一种甜花蜜 ★★★

4. 例句：The sundew plant also produces a sweet nectar that attracts insects.
这种植物会产生一种甜花蜜去吸引昆虫。1:51-1:54

be full of little hairs 长满了细毛 ★

secrete sweet substance 分泌甜的物质 ★★★
5. 例句：Its leaves are full of little hairs that secrete sweet substance.
叶子长满了细毛并分泌甜的物质。1:55-1:59

sticky glue-like substance 粘稠的胶状物质 ★★

6. 例句：Well, unfortunately for the insects, the hairs on the leaves also produce a super stick
y glue-like substance.
不幸的是叶子会产生一种特别粘稠的胶状物质然后粘住虫子。2:05-2:12

get stuck 被困住 ★★

7. 例句：So an insect get stuck and can’t fly away.
所以昆虫被困住不能飞走。2:13-2:15

Get glued 被粘住 ★

8. 例句：It basically get glued there allowing the sundew to digest it and absorb nutrients.
虫子被粘住了然后被消化和被吸收。2:15-2:21

11
TPO24 Task4

food and nesting 找食物和筑巢 ★★

1. 例句：in a part of the rainforest where a lot of trees have been cut down, trees that the
macaw relies on for its food and nesting.
热带雨林有一部分的区域很多树都砍光了，金刚鹦鹉依赖着这些树去找食物和筑巢。
0:36-0:44

populations declined 人口减少 ★

2. 例句：these animals also didn’t have a place to live anymore and their populations
drastically declined.
这些动物同样没有地方住，因此它们的人口大幅度的减少。1:02-1:09

Pass out / distribute 分发，派放 ★★

3. 例句：they passed out these little books, these informational brochures.
他们向市民分发这些书，这些宣传册子。1:30-1:34

contribute money 捐钱 ★★
set up protected land 建立保护区 ★★★
4. 例句：They contributed money, and helped the group set up some protected land.
有些人捐钱并且帮助建立保护区。1:43-1:47

population started to increase 数量开始增加 ★

5. 例句：And the macaw’s population started to increase and other birds and bats and frogs
came back to the area
然后金刚鹦鹉的人口考试上升，其他鸟，蝙蝠，青蛙都回到原来的栖息地。1:54-2:03

increased along with 随着…增长而增加 ★★

6. 例句：Their numbers increased along with the trees.
它们的人口的树木随着树木的增长而增加。 2:04-2:07

12
TPO26 Task 4

wrap 缠绕 ★
1. 例句：The Urn plant wraps its roots around the branches of the trees.
碗状植物用它的根缠绕着树的树枝。0:13-0:17

reside high in the trees 寄居在树的高处 ★★

Canopy 伞，蓬 ★
2. 例句：this allows them to reside high in the trees, in the canopy, where they can get plenty
of sunlight.
这让它们可以寄居在树的高处，在蓬里面，因此它们能获得很多的阳光。0:23-0:30

create a kind of urn or bowl 形成类似瓮或者碗状 ★★

store water 储存水 ★★★
3. 例句：It got its name because of the formation of its leaves creates a kind of urn or bowl
where it can store water.
它有这个名字是因为它叶子的生长过程中形成一种壶或者碗的形状，帮助存水。
0:34-0:40

long stiff spiky leaves 长而硬且尖的叶子 ★★

4. 例句：The Urn plant has rather long stiff spiky leaves.
碗状植物有一些非常长而硬且尖的叶子。0:41-0:45

cone shape or a funnel shape 圆锥形或者漏斗形 ★

5. 例句：The leaves are slightly overlapping and are tightly rolled into a kind of cone shape o
r a funnel shape.
这些叶子轻微的重叠并且紧紧滚动成一个圆锥形或者一个漏斗形。 0:45-0:53

Debris 残骸 ★★★
get washed down into 被冲涮到….. ★
6. 例句：This is because insects, dead leaves from other plants or other debris land on the
leaves and then get washed down into the stored water.
这是因为一些来自其他植物或者其他残骸的昆虫，枯萎的叶子会落到碗状植物叶子上，
然后被冲洗到已存水中。1:19-1:30

decompose 分解 ★★★
7. 例句：Gradually they decompose.
它们会被慢慢地分解。1:31-1:33

13
Food source 食物来源 ★★
8. 例句：The chemical break-down creates a nitrogen-rich food source.
这些化学成分的分解能创造一个氮丰富的食物来源。1:34-1:38

Fertilizer 肥料 ★★
9. 例句：the water supply contains a kind of liquid fertilizer.
水资源包含了一种液状的肥料。1:40-1:44

14
TPO27 Task 4

Colony 殖民地 ★★
1. 例句：Ants live in large groups called colonies.
蚂蚁是群居动物。0:10-0:12

encounter an obstacle 遇到困难 ★

2. 例句：they’ll encounter, find an obstacle in their path.
它们会在中途遭遇到障碍。0:19-0:23

end of the branch 到达树枝的尽头 ★

wide space 一个宽的空间 ★★
3. 例句：But when they reach the end of the branch they are walking on, there’s a wide spac
e between that branch and the next one.
但是当它们走到它们所在的树枝末端时，它们发现它们与食物所在的树枝有一段广阔的
空间。0:30-0:36

hold onto the branch 抓住树枝 ★★

4. 例句：one ant walks forward until it reaches the end of the branch and then automatically
holds onto the branch with its back legs.
一只蚂蚁向前走知道它到达树枝的末端，然后自动地用后腿抓住树枝。0:47-0:57

stretches …forward 伸展身体 ★★★

5. 例句：Then it stretches its body forward into the open space.
然后它向前面广阔的空间伸展身体。0:57-1:01

walk …across 跨过 ★★★

6. 例句：So then the next ant walks to the end of the branch and right across the first ant’s
body.
接着下一只蚂蚁走到树枝的末端，从第一只蚂蚁身上走过去。1:05-1:11

do the same thing 重复动作 ★★

form a bridge 形成一座桥 ★★ r
each the food 拿到食物★
7. 例句：Then, one after another, other ants do the same thing until enough ants connect
together to form a bridge between the two branches.
然后，一只接着一只，其他蚂蚁重复相同的动作直到足够的蚂蚁连接一起在两根树枝之间
形成一座桥。1:20-1:29

15
TPO29 Task 4

lie all over the place 到处都是 ★★

1. 例句：But in the autumn, they are lying all over the place because that’s when they fall
from the trees.
但是在秋天，坚果在地面到处都是因为秋天是从树上滑落的季节。0:32-0:37

outer shell 外面的壳 ★

2. 例句：It takes off the outer shell and cleans it.
它剥开外面的壳然后清理。0:48-0:51

preserve 保存 ★★★
3. 例句：This preparation may in some way help preserve the nut.
这些准备某种程度上能帮助保存坚果。0:51-0:54

dig a little hole 挖洞 ★★

4. 例句：The squirrel then digs a little hole in the ground and buries the nut.
松鼠然后在地上挖一个小洞并把坚果埋在里面。0:58-1:04

happen to 碰巧 ★
survive the winter 在冬天生存下来 ★
5. 例句：even if other animals happen to find some of the holes, some of the nuts, it’ll still
have enough food to survive the winter.
即使其他动物碰巧找到其中的几个洞和坚果，松鼠依然会有足够的食物度过冬天。
1:24-1:39

16
TPO30 Task6

be exposed to 暴露在 ★★★

1. 例句：it would be exposed to dangerously high temperatures.
它会被暴露在危险的高温中。1:19-1:22

approach underground 在地下悄悄接近 ★★★

2. 例句：That’s because animals on the surface can’t see predators approaching underground.
因为在地面的动物看不见捕食者悄悄接近。1:29-1:35

produce vibration 在沙子中制造轻微的振动 ★★★

3.例句：it produces very subtle vibrations in the sand.
它在沙子中制造轻微的振动。1:45-1:49

sense vibration 感觉到振动 ★★

4. 例句：When the lizard senses these vibrations, it moves very quickly.
当蜥蜴感觉到震动就会快速移动。 1:50-1:54

pop up directly 直接冒出来 ★★★

catch…by surprise 出其不意地捕捉… ★★★
5. 例句：It then pops up directly under the insect and catches it by surprise.
它会从下方突然出现并出其不意地捕捉昆虫。 1:58-2:04

17
TPO31 Task6

shield and protect 防御保护 ★★★

1. 例句：This shields and protects the feet from the icy ground so that very little of the owl's
foot actually touches snowy or icy surfaces, which helps its feet to stay warm.
这些保护层保护脚不受冰冷地表伤害，所以它们的脚不容易接触到 冰面，这可以帮助
它们保暖。1:06-1:16

stick out 突出 ★★★

protrude 伸出 ★★
2. 例句：And the parts of their bodies that stick out or protrude like the legs, ears or tails are
smaller and shorter.
它们的突出的身体部位向脚，耳朵或尾巴都很短小。1:30-1:36

compact 小巧 ★★
3. 例句：In other words, their bodies are often more compact than other animals'.
总之，它们的身体要比其他动物更小巧。1:25-1:29

retain heat 保持热量 ★★★

4. 例句：Arctic wolves have relatively small, compact bodies that efficiently retain heat.
北极狼相对较小并身体小巧，所以能有效保持热量。1:48-1:53

lose less body heat 失去更少身体热量 ★★

5. 例句：They also have smaller ears and shorter legs so that they lose less body heat than
animals with larger bodies or longer body parts.
它们有更小的耳朵和更短的腿所以能比更大的动物流失更少的热量。1:54-2:02

18
TPO32 Task6

got stuck to 卡在 ★★
distribute to 分布到 ★★
1. 例句：What happened was the star thistle’s seeds got stuck to the tires of cars driving do
wn the road and the seeds were distributed to new areas.
黄星蓟的种子被卡在车胎里并被带到一个新的地方。0:55-1:04

in competition for 竞争 ★★★

2. 例句：This put the star thistle in competition for natural resources, like water, with the
original plant life of the area.
黄星蓟需要跟当地的植物竞争资源，比如水。1:05-1:11

divide up…into 把…分成小部分 ★★

support the population 养活种群 ★
3. 例句：Also roads, especially major highways, can act as barriers and divide up an animal’
s habitat into smaller ones where there is not enough food to support the population.
尤其是高速路会造成障碍并分割动物的栖息地所以让动物不能得到足够的食物去生存。
1:51-1:26

get shut in 被局限在 ★★

4. 例句：So, they sometimes get shut in on a small piece of land where there isn’t enough
food to support them.
所以它们有时会被局限在一小块地上并找不到足够的食物。1:35-1:41

Be spread out 分散在 ★★

hunt small animals 捕捉小动物 ★
5. 例句：They hunt small animals like mice and squirrels which are spread out over large area
s of open grasslands.
它们在广阔的大草原上捕捉老鼠和松鼠这样的小动物。1:55-2:02

19
TPO33 Task 4

have plenty to eat 有很多可以吃 ★

stay the same 数量保持不变 ★
1. 例句：So the moth had plenty to eat and the total number of moth in the field stayed pretty
much the same.
因此飞蛾有足够的东西吃，并且在那里的飞蛾总数基本保持不变。0:29-0:35

get enough to eat 得到足够的食物来源 ★★

survive 继续生存 ★
lay eggs 产蛋 ★★★
2. 例句：The result was that the moth didn't get enough to eat and many didn't survive but
even the ones that did survive didn't lay as many eggs as before.
结果是飞蛾没有足够的东西吃，很多无法存活。即使存活下来的也不能像以前那样产很
多卵。0:42-0:53

20
TPO34 Task6

maintain …moisture 保持足够水分 ★★★

avoid drying out 防止变干 ★★
1. 例句：Frogs have been able to survive in such areas by having different physical features,
special dry-climate features that help them maintain an adequate level of moisture in their ce
lls and avoid drying out. 0:26-0:39

act like a barrier 充当一个屏障 ★★

lock in moisture 锁住水分 ★★★
2. 例句：The covering acts like a barrier that locks in moisture. 0:51-0:55

rub off over body 涂满全身 ★

create a waxy layer 制造一种蜡质层 ★★★
water-tight 不透水的 ★★★
3. 例句：For example, some frogs secrete a substance through their skin, a fatty substance tha
t they rub off over their skin using their hands and feet, which creates a waxy layer all around
their bodies that’s almost completely water-tight.
比如一些青蛙会从皮肤分泌一种物质，一种富含脂肪并且它们用于用手脚摩擦外皮，接
着在身体周围制造一种蜡质层从而达到水密的作用。0:56-1:10

store water 存水 ★★★

4. 例句：Other frogs maintain an adequate level of moisture through a different physical
feature, one that allows them to store water inside their bodies for later use.
另外一些青蛙会通过特别的身体特征在体内保持水分，这种特征可以锁住体内水分供以
后使用。1:11-1:21

get through dry periods 度过干燥时期 ★★

5. 例句：So the frogs are able to absorb and store moisture during wet rainy times which they
can rely on to get through dry periods.
所以这些青蛙可以在雨季吸收并储存水分所以它们可以度过旱季。 1:30-1:38

absorb water through its skin 通过表皮吸收水分 ★★

stretches to hold water 伸展…来容纳水分 ★★★
6. 例句：When it does rain, the frog absorbs water through its skin and its bladder stretches to
hold this extra water.
当下雨的时候，青蛙就会通过伸展膀胱来容纳额外的水分。1:47-1:54

21
Be released from…into …从…释放到… ★★
7. 例句：The water is then slowly released from the special bladder into the frog' s internal
tissues until the next rain which might not be for several months.
水分就可以慢慢地从特别的膀胱释放到青蛙内部组织并支撑几个月直到下一个雨季的
到来。1:55-2:05

22
TPO35 Task 4

prepare ...for ...让...为...做好准备 ★ 1.chicke

ns are used to prepare a field for planting. 鸡被用
于准备好田地来耕种。0:00-0:12

walk around 在...里走来走去 ★★

peck up 啄开 ★★★
eat weeds and wild plants 吃掉杂草和野生植物 ★★★
2. 例句:they walk around inside the house and peck up the soil and eat any weeds or wild
plants that they find.
它们在小房子里走来走去，把土壤啄开，并吃掉杂草和野生植物。0:37-0:54

improve the quality 提高...的质量 ★★

3. 例句:when the chickens eat the weeds, they’re improving the quality of the soil.
鸡把杂草吃掉后，提高了土壤的质量。1:11-1:22

compete with ★★★

和...竞争
4. 例句:there won’t be any weeds there to compete with them for crucial resources.
没有杂草和它们竞争重要资源。1:22-1:34

23
TPO36 Task6

shelter of vegetation 植被保护区域 ★

1. 例句：First, to avoid the heat when the sun comes out, snails move into the shelter of
vegetation.
首先，为了避免太阳带来的热量，蜗牛移动到植被保护区域。0:42-0:47

absorb and radiate heat 吸收和辐射热量 ★★

move up off the ground 从地面往上移动 ★★
2. 例句：It absorbs and radiates heat, so snails will move up off of the ground to places where
it is cooler.
吸收了辐射热量后蜗牛会移动更凉快一点的地方。0:58-1:04

attach… to 粘到…上 ★★★

3. 例句：They may attach themselves to a wall or a tree where it is cooler than on the ground.
它们会粘到墙上或者树，这要比地面更凉爽。1:05-1:10

lack of water 缺水变干 ★★

secrete a sticky, slimy substance 分泌一种粘性黏滑的物质 ★★★
cover and close it up 盖住和关闭 ★★
4. 例句：They also need to avoid drying out due to lack of water, so during a really warm, dr
y day or during the summer month, snails secrete a sticky, slimy substance made up of calciu
m and it covers the opening of their shell; covers and closes it up.
它们也需要避免缺水变干，所以在又热又干的夏天蜗牛会分泌一种粘性黏滑由钙组成的物
质并覆盖它们的壳然后盖住和关闭。 1:15-1:36

store up 储存 ★★
open up its shell 打开它的壳 ★
5. 例句:They can survive on what food they've stored up, but when it rains and water is
available again, the snail opens up its shell to get some.
它们可以靠储存的食物生存，但下雨的时候可以获得水分它们就会打开壳。1:57-2:06

24
TPO37 Task 4

live together 在一起生活 ★

1. 例句：Ants live together in these large nests.
蚂蚁在大的洞穴里一起生活。0:09-0:17

look for food items 每天外出寻找食物 ★

2. 例句:They go out each day to look for food items.
他们每天外出去寻找食物。 0:17-0:30

bring ... back to... ★

把...带回...
3. 例句：These ants bring them back to the nest.
这些蚂蚁把它们带加洞穴里。 0:17-0:30

rich in sugar 富有糖分 ★★★

4. 例句：Adult ants normally like to eat things that are rich in sugar.
成年蚂蚁通常喜欢吃富含糖分的东西。0:37-0:56

carry on other activities 进行其他活动 ★★

be composed of...由...组成 ★★
sugar-rich items 糖分高的食物 ★★
5. 例句：They need energy to carry on other activities in the nest, so at a time when the colon
y is composed mostly of adult ants, the forager ants look for pieces of fruit and other sugar - r
ich items.
它们需要能量才能在洞穴里进行其它活动，所以当种群里大多数是成年蚂蚁时，负责觅
食的蚂蚁会去找水果或者其它糖分高的食物。0:37-0:56

rich in protein ★★
富含蛋白质
117.例句：Their food needs to be rich in protein.
它们的食物需要富含蛋白质。1:17-1:27

25
TPO38 Task 4

feed on nectar ★★★

进食花蜜
1.例句：Mites live in tropical climates and feed on nectar and pollen and flowers.
螨虫生存在热带气候，并吃花的蜜和花粉。0:12-0:19

wilt and fall off 枯萎和掉落 ★★ 2.

例句：They wilt and fall off quickly.
它们很快地枯萎和掉落。0:19-0:37

climb down...从...上爬下来 ★
crawl to 爬到 ★★
3. 例句：it would take them a while and a lot of effort to climb down one flower, crawl to
another one, and climb all the way up again.
它们要费时费力才能从一朵花爬下来，再爬向下一朵花，然后再爬上去。 0:19-0:37

climb off 爬下来 ★

4. 例句：the mites climb off .
螨虫爬下来。1:08-1:15

come around 过来 ★
stick ... into...把...插进... ★★★
5. 例句：a hummingbird comes around and sticks its beak into the flowers to get the necta
r out.
一只蜂鸟飞过来，然后把它的嘴巴插进花里去吃花蜜。0:43-0:54

go from flower to flower 从一朵花到另一朵花 ★★

take ... along 把...带上 ★★
6. 例句：Since the hummingbird also goes from flower to flower for nectar, it takes the mites
along.
蜂鸟会从一朵花飞到另一朵花上，因此也把螨虫带过去了。1:02-1:08

26
TPO39 Task6

climb up steep mountain 爬上坡度很陡的山腰 ★★

1. 例句：As they moving around looking for food, they have to climb up these really
steep mountain sides at a dramatic incline and get down again too.
当它们寻找食物的时候它们必须爬上坡度很陡的山腰并爬下去。0:40-0:48

pull themselves up 在…斜坡上攀登 ★★★

balance in type positions 保持平衡 ★★★
2. 例句：and these big developed muscles in this area help them pull themselves up these nea
r- vertical slopes and balance in type positions when climbing down. 1:02-1:10
这些部位发达的肌肉可以帮助它们在近乎垂直的斜坡上攀登并在向下时保持平衡。

dig into the rock and ice 挖进岩石和冰中 ★★

3. 例句：These sheep have special toes that move independently so they can dig into the rock
and ice.
这些羊有特别的脚趾并可独立移动所以它们可以挖进岩石和冰中。1:31-1:36

round rubbery pats 塑胶防滑垫 ★★★

grip the surface 抓住…的表面 ★★
prevent sliding 防止滑倒 ★★
4. 例句：And the back parts of their feet have special round rubbery pats that help them grip
the surface of the rock or ice, to prevent sliding as they move around.
它们脚的后部有特别的塑胶防滑垫从而帮助它们抓住岩石或者冰的表面可以防止在移
动的时候滑到。1:37-1:45

27
TPO40 Task 4

lift their bodies ★★★

把身体提起
1. 例句：they lifted their bodies into an upright position .0:33-0:44
它们竖起自己的身体。

push each other ★★

互相推
2. 例句：they start pushing each other, kind of wrestling with one another. 0:44-0:52
它们开始推对方，有如摔跤一样

shove 推撞 ★★
maneuver 操纵 ★★
3. 例句：during all these pushing and shoving and maneuvering, neither snake ever tried to
bite the other snake.
在这个推、撞、移动的过程中，这两条蛇不会去咬对方。0:52-1:01

push it to the ground 推到地上 ★★

hold it there 按住 ★
4. 例句：one of the snakes finally gained control of the other snake,pushed it to the ground an
d held it there.
其中一条蛇终于压制了另一条蛇，将它推到地上，按住它。1:05-1:14

release..放走 ★★
5. 例句：it just released the other snake. 1:20-1:25
它放走了另外一条蛇

slither away 游走了 ★★★

6. 例句：The snake that had lost just slithered away.1:25-1:33
刚战败的蛇游走了。

28
TPO42 task4

come in contact 接触 ★★
1. 例句：Now, generally these animals don't come into contact with human beings, but
every now and then, they do.
现在，通常这些动物通常不接触人类，但有时它们也会。0:17-0:22

make a sharp barking sound 发出尖锐的叫声 ★★★

2. 例句：they'd instinctively react by making a sharp barking sound like a dog and jumping up
and down.
它们本能地反应发出尖锐的狗叫声。0:35-0:43

Warn others of potential threat 警告其他狗附近可能有潜在危险 ★★★

3. 例句：essentially warning or alerting other prairie dogs that are nearby of this potential
threat .
警告其他狗附近会存在潜在危险。0:44-0:51

Stop reacting to…as though …不再觉得…是威胁 ★★

4. 例句：At some point, they'd stop reacting to humans as though they were a threat.
有时它们会不再觉得人类是威胁。1:34-1:38

29
TPO43 Task 4

Owls eat mice 猫头鹰吃老鼠 ★★

1. 例句：Now owls eat mice
现在猫头鹰吃老鼠 0：11-0:14

The number of …will drop …的数量会降低 ★★

2. 例句：Since there are more owls in the area to eat the mice, what do you think will happen
to the number of mice? As you can imagine, the number would drop.
因为有更多的猫头鹰在这个区域吃老鼠，如你所想象的，老鼠的数量会下降。0:28-0:37

Start having their young 开始繁殖 ★★★

3. 例句：These rabbits usually start having their young at the end of winter, after the cold
winter weather is gone.
这些兔子通常开始在冬天快要过去的时候繁殖。 0:48-0:54

reproduce 繁殖 ★★
4. 例句：Since winter this year is so short, the rabbits can start reproducing much earlier.
因为这一年的冬天很短，兔子可以更早地开始繁殖。1:11-1:16

one extra reproductive cycle 额外的生殖周期 ★★★

5. 例句：That means the rabbits in that area will have at least one extra reproductive cycle.
这意味着这个区域的兔子可以至少额外增加一个生殖周期。1:17-1:22

30
TPO43 Task6

Cultivate plants 培养植物 ★★

1. 例句：Let's start with an animal that cultivates plants.
我们先来看看培养植物的动物。0:30-0:33

Provide protection 提供保护 ★★

grow and regrow 不断繁殖 ★★
2. 例句：Now the fish are there to provide protection from other plants so the seaweed can
grow and then regrow as the damselfish eat it.
现在在那的鱼提供了保护，所以海藻可以不断繁殖然后雀鲷可以吃它们。0:49-0:57

block sunlight 挡住阳光 ★★★

3. 例句：For example, if other plants start growing over the seaweed blocking sunlight.
比如，如果其他植物长得比海藻好的话会挡住阳光。0:57-1:02

Bite off 咬掉 ★★
4. 例句：The damselfish remove those plants by biting off the parts that are getting too tall.
雀鲷会咬掉那些长得太高的植物。1:03-1:07

Have a supply of food 有大量的食物 ★

5. 例句：So by protecting the seaweed from being overrun and damaged by other plants, the
damselfish always have a supply of food ready to use.
所以通过保护海藻不被其他植物影响，雀鲷可以有大量的食物可用。1:08-1:16

produce a sweet liquid 产生甜的液体 ★★

6. 例句：These aphids produce a sweet liquid that the ants like to eat.
这些蚜虫会产生蚂蚁喜欢吃的甜的液体。1:33-1:36

Protect and help feed 保护和喂养 ★★★

7. 例句：So ants guard the aphids from being eaten by other animals and help feed the aphids.
所以蚂蚁同时保护和喂养蚜虫。1:37-1:42

Take care …and raise… 照顾…和养育… ★★

8. 例句：In fact, sometimes the ants even carry aphid eggs back to their own nests and raise
the young aphids there.
事实上，有时蚂蚁甚至把蚜虫的蛋搬到它们的巢穴并养育蚜虫。1:43-1:50

Reliable source of food 稳定的食物来源 ★

9. 例句：So the ants make use of the aphids as a reliable source of food.
所以蚂蚁利用蚜虫来获得稳定的食物来源。1:55-1:59

31
TPO44 Task6

Force… out of …把…赶出来 ★★★

1.A forest fire will force animals out of their hiding places and out into the open which
predators take advantage of.
一场森林大火会把从躲避的地方出来到开阔地所以捕食者有机可乘。0:41-0:47

Wait at the edge of the forest 在森林边缘等着 ★★

run out of 逃离 ★★
2. These birds will go to the edge of forest fire and wait there in order to catch out the insects
running out of the burning forest.
这些鸟会到着火的森林边缘等待从而捕捉逃离林火的昆虫。0:57-1:04

Provide a good place to… 提供好的地方… ★★

3. 例句：Another benefit forest fires can have is to help provide a good place for the
development of the young animals.
另一个好处是火可以提供一个好的地方发展后代。1:11-1:18

poisonous 有毒的 ★★
4. 例句：For example, some trees in the forest are poisonous to beetles.
比如有些树对甲壳虫是有毒的。1:24-1:28

seek up 定居 ★★
Lay eggs 下蛋 ★★
5. 例句：But after a fire, beetles will seek up these trees because trees died and beetles are abl
e to lay their eggs in the tree without being hurt by the chemical.
但经历大火之后甲壳虫会找到这些树因为树已经死了而甲壳虫可以在产卵并不会受到
有毒化学物的伤害。1:32-1:41

Mature into adult 长大成人 ★★★

6. 例句：The young beetles use the trees' nourishment until they are mature into adult beetles.
幼小的甲壳虫利用这些树的养分直到它们长大成熟。 1:42-1:47

32
TPO45 Task6

Catch some prey 捉住猎物 ★

Produce electricity 产生电力 ★★
1. 例句：Well, the ability to produce electricity help some fish to catch some prey
有些鱼可以有能力产生电流去抓住猎物。0:39-0:48

Shock and paralyze 电击使…瘫痪 ★★★

come into contact with 靠近，接触 ★★
2. 例句：When the eel comes into contact with one of the smaller fish it depends on for food,
the electric current that it sends out, shocks the smaller fish and paralyzes it.
当电鳗靠近一条可以充当食物的小鱼时，它会发 出电流，点击那条小鱼并使之瘫痪。
0:54-1:04

Navigate environment 导航 ★★★

3. 例句：The ability to produce electricity also helps fish to successfully navigate their
environment by detecting nearby objects.
产生电流的能力同样也可以帮助鱼成功探测周边的环境。 1:18-1:27

Detect a rock nearby 探测到石头 ★★★

Avoid crashing into it 避免碰撞 ★★
4. 例句：The fish then realizes there is a rock nearby and that it has to avoid crashing into it .
鱼就意识到附近有一块石头然后可以避免碰撞到它。1:51-1:56

33
TPO46 Task4

Black body with a white stripe 黑色身体白色条纹 ★★★

From the head to its tail 从头到尾 ★★
1. 例句：Their body is mostly black, and they have a big white stripe that runs from the top of
their head all the way down their back and along their big bushy tail.
它们的身体大部分是黑色的，白色条纹从头顶一直到尾巴。0:15-0:25

Produce smelling liquid 产生臭气 ★★

2. 例句：That's very very unpleasant for the wolf because it's now covered with this repulsive,
foul-smelling liquid.
这对狼来说非常非常的不舒适因为全身都被恶臭覆盖。0:54-1:02

Lift its tail 竖起尾巴 ★★★

Spray the wolf 用臭气喷狼 ★★
3. 例句：They lift their tail and spray the predator with this liquid.
它们竖起尾巴用臭液喷射捕食者。0:37-0:43

Back off 后退 ★★★

Leave…alone 不惹… ★★
4. 例句：The wolf doesn't want to be sprayed again, so it backs off and leaves the skunk alone.
狼不想再次被喷，因此它会后退不再惹臭鼬。1:02-1:07

34
TPO47 Task 6

Reliable source of meat 稳定的肉类来源 ★★

1. 例句：One benefit of animal domestication was that it provided early humans with a more
consistent and reliable source of meat.
动物驯化的一个好处是可以给原始人类提供稳定和可靠的肉类来源。0:30-0:37

Accompany people anywhere they go 陪伴人类周围去 ★★★

2. 例句：So they could accompany groups of people as they moved from place to place.
所以它们伴随人类群体从一个地方到另一个地方。1:02-1:06

Supply a variety of food 提供多样食物 ★★

3. 例句：Another benefit of animal domestication was that domesticated animals could supply
a variety of foods other than meat.
另一个表现是这些驯化动物可以提供除肉类外更多种类的食物。1:12-1:19

Process…into 加工…做成… ★★★

4. 例句：And they could also process the milk and turn it into other kinds of food.
它们也可以处理加工牛奶做成其他食物。1:39-1:45

35
TPO48 Task 4

Feed on 以…为食 ★★
1. 例句：There's a bird, a species of crow, that lives near the water and it feeds on a type of
shellfish that has a hard outer shell.
有一种鸟，叫做乌鸦，它们靠水居住而且会吃一种壳很硬的贝壳动物。0:08-0:17

Crack open 用力敲 ★★★

2. 例句：In order to eat the shellfish, the bird has to crack open its hard shell.
为了吃贝壳动物，乌鸦需要首先敲破硬壳。0:17-0:22

Dive down 潜入 ★★
up in the air 带到天上 ★★
3. 例句：it dives down out of the air into shallow water, grabs a shellfish in its mouth, then
carries the shellfish up in the air.
乌鸦从半空潜入水里，用嘴捉住贝壳动物，然后把贝壳带到天上。 0:26-0:35

Drop …on the rock 掉到石头上 ★★★

4. 例句：It then drops the shellfish, lets it fall onto the rocks below.
它掉下贝壳，掉到下面石头的上。 0:35-0:40

A specific height 具体高度 ★★

5. 例句：Second, it carries the shellfish up to a specific height, about five meters, and drops it
from there.
第二， 它只会在大约 5 厘米高的具体高度下掉下贝壳。1:10-1:19

36
TPO 50 Task6

special physical characteristics 特殊的身体特征 ★★★

protect…from ★
1. 例句：one way is from having developed special physical characteristics that helped protec
t them from dangers in their environment.
其中一种方法就是要发展特殊的身体特征去保护它们来自周围环境的危险。0:10-0:17

defensive adaptations 防御型策略 ★★★

body structure 身体构造 ★★
hard to get at them 很难攻击 ★★★
2. 例句：Some animals have defensive adaptations. That means they protect themselves by
having body structures that make it hard for predators to get at them.
一些动物有防御型的策略。这意味着他们的身体构造保护它们免受捕食者的攻击。
0:22-0:31

Break or split open 断或者裂开 ★★★

3. 例句：Its shell is a special physical characteristic and it’s so strong, it wont break or split
open.
乌龟的壳是一个特殊的身体特征，壳非常的硬，不会断或者裂开。0:51-0:57

Pull under 收缩 ★★★

4. 例句：The turtle also has a flexible neck, so it can pull its head down under its shell.
乌龟还有一个灵活的颈部，因此它可以直接把他的头收缩在它的壳下面。1:00-1:06

offensive adaptations 进攻型策略 ★★★

5. 例句：That’s an animal that protects itself with an offensive adaption by threatening a
predator with physical harm.
动物会用进攻型的策略去威胁捕食者从而保护自己。 1:14-1:20

long sharp needle-like quills 长的像针一样的刺 ★★

6. 例句：just imagine an animal with a small body that it covered with thousands of long shar
p needle-like quills.
想象一下一只小体积的动物身上有成千上万想针一样的刺。1:25-1:33

come loose 变松了 ★★

become embedded into 扎进皮肤 ★★★
harp quills come loose and become embedded into the predator’s skin.
尖锐的刺变松了然后扎进捕食者的皮肤。

37
TPO 51 Task 6

maintain …unity 维持…和谐 ★★★

1. 例句：So it’s important for these animals to maintain their group’s unity.
因此维持队里的和谐对这些动物来说是非常重要的。0:17-0:20

avoid conflicts 避免冲突 ★★

resolve…peacefully 和平地解决冲突 ★★★
2. 例句：They need ways to either avoid conflicts or if they do occur to resolve them
peacefully.
他们需要找到方法要么避免冲突，要么即使有冲突也能和平地解决。0:20-0:26

threatening display behaviors 威胁性的展示行为 ★★

3. 例句：Some monkeys, like Baboons for instance, frequently use threatening display
behaviors.
有一些猴子，比如像狒狒，经常用到威胁性的展示行为。0:55-1:01

stare at 盯着 ★
make noise ★
4. 例句：One Baboon, maybe the first Baboon to see the fruit, might stare at the other one an
d make threatening noises.
一只狒狒，可能是第一只看到水果的狒狒，可能会盯着另外一只狒狒然后发出威胁性的噪
音。1:07-1:14

Reconcile 调停/和解 ★★★

5. 例句：But sometimes physical fights do occur and animals need a way to reconcile
afterwards to make up.
但是有时候确实会出现身体碰撞，动物需要一种方法去协调和解。 1:30-1:36

Friendly noises and hugs ★★

Back to normal ★★
6. 例句：And through this friendly display behaviors, friendly noises or hugs, the Baboons ca
n make up and the group can go back to normal.
通过这些友好的展示行为，友好的声音或者拥抱，这些狒狒能很好然后队里的和谐能被恢
复。2:10-2:18

38
Extra2 Task 4

the habitat changes dramatically 栖息地有很大改变 ★★

Without the influence of these key species, the habitat changes significantly. (阅读)
没有了关键品种的影响，整个栖息地会有很大的改变。

trigger 引起 ★★★
Their disappearance can then trigger the loss of other species (阅读)
他们的消失会引起一系列其他物种的消失

grassland 草地 ★★
forest 深林 ★★
1. 例句：Without them, the grasslands actually stop being grasslands at all if you can believe
it—they change to forests.
不敢相信的是，没有了它们，草地就不会继续是草地，它会变成森林。0:12-0:19

sprout 发芽 ★
2. 例句：What happens is that in the grasslands some types of seeds other than grasses can
sprout and begin to grow.
草地上会有一些除了草意外种子，它们能够发芽成长。0:20-0:26

crush 压碎 ★★
3. 例句：plants get crushed under the elephants' feet.
大象的腿会压碎植物。0:36-0:39

knock over 刮倒 ★★
pull it out 拔起 ★★
4. 例句：elephant will knock over the plant or pull it out of the ground.
大象会刮倒植物或者把它连根拔起。0:45-0:48

shade 遮挡 ★★
5. 例句：Their branches and leaves would shade the grasses.
叶子会阻挡草地阳光。0:57-1:01

force to 被迫 ★★
6. 例句：these animals are eventually forced to leave.
动物最终被迫离开。1:26-1:29

39
 心理学科词汇

TPO1 Task6

do basic arithmetic 进行基本的算术 ★★

1. 例句：Babies as young as five months old can do basic arithmetic.
五岁的婴儿会进行基本的算术。00:25-00:29

add 加,添加 ★
2. 例句：They can add.
他们懂得加法。00:29-00:31

indirect 间接的 ★★★

3. 例句:The evidence is indirect.
证据是间接的。00:37-00:39

devise 设计,想出 ★★
4. 例句 :They devised an experiment.
他们设置了一个实验。00:45-00:47

lowers a screen 降下一块屏幕 ★★

5. 例句：Then the researcher lowers a screen in front of the doll.
然后研究人员在娃娃面前降下了一块屏幕。00:55-00:59

be surprised by 对于..感到惊讶 ★★
flash of light 闪光 ★★
6. 例句：A baby is surprised by something, a loud noise or an unexpected flash of light.
婴儿对某些东西感到惊讶,一种巨大的声响或者一种意外的闪光。01:47-01:53

stare at 盯着..看 ★
7. 例句：It stares at where the noise or light is coming from.
盯着噪音或者光线的来源。01:54-01:57

40
TPO 3 Task4

contradiction 矛盾 ★★★
Individuals sometimes experience a contradiction between their actions and their beliefs
有时个人会经历行为和认知之间的矛盾。(阅读)

interpretation 解释,翻译 ★★
They change the interpretation of the situation. (阅读)
他们改变对情景的理解。

Be addicted to 沉迷 ★★★
1. 例句：In my first year in high school, I was addicted to video games.
在上中学的第一年,我沉迷电子游戏。00:13-00:17

Fail 挂科 ★
2. 例句：I was failing Chemistry that was my hardest class.
我觉得最难的科目,化学挂科了。00:20-00:23

perspective 观点,视角 ★★★

3. 例句：And my solution was to change my perspective.
我通过改变自己的想法来解决问题。0:37-00:42

Chemist 化学家 ★
4. 例句：So I asked myself if I wanted to be a chemist when I grew up?
因此我问自己长大后是否想成为一名化学家。00:48-00:52

Sociologist 社会学家 ★
5. 例句：I was pretty sure I wanted to be a sociologist.
我很确定我想当一名社会学家。00:53-00:57

Reinterpret 重新诠释 ★★
6. 例句：I reinterpreted my situation.
我重新诠释了我的情况 。1:08-1:10

Eliminate 消灭 ★★
7. 例句：I eliminated the conflict, at least in my mind.
我心中的矛盾消失了。1:21-1:23

41
TPO4 Task4

release one’s emotions. 释放…的情绪 ★★★

Nonverbal languages are more likely to release people’s true emotions.(阅读)非口头语言更
可能释放人们最真实的情绪.

be aware of 意识到 ★★
Eyes got really wide 眼睛睁的很大 ★★
break into a smile 绽放出笑容 ★★
a huge big smile 大的灿烂笑容 ★★ j
ump up and down 跳上跳下 ★★
1. 例句：I wasn’t really aware of this, my eyes got really wide and I broke into a huge big
smile, she said I was really jumping up and down like a little boy.
我完全没有意识到，我的眼睛睁的很大，脸上挂着一个大笑容，她说我像一个小孩一样
跳上跳下。00:30-00:39

a hammer and a nail 锤子和钉子 ★

2. 例句：And I was showing her how to use a hammer and a nail.
我正在教她使用锤子和钉子。00:54-00:57

Smash my thumb 轧到手指 ★★

3. 例句：I wasn’t being very careful when I smashed my thumb with the hammer.
我当时在用崔子的时候不小心轧到拇指。00:59-1:02

Shake hands 甩手 ★★
Contort 扭曲 ★★
4. 例句：Meanwhile, I was shaking my hand as if that would stop my thumb from hurting and
my face was contorted in pain.
同时,我在不停地甩手,好像这样我的拇指就不会痛了.我的脸也痛苦地扭曲着。1:11-1:17

Tremble 颤抖 ★★
5. 例句：My voice was trembling, too.
我的声音也在颤抖。1:17-1:19

42
TPO5 Task6

be based on 以…为基础 ★★
extrinsic 外在的 ★★★ Exter
nal 外部的 ★★
1. 例句：Our reasons for doing something, our motivations can be extrinsic, in other words,
based on some kind of external reward like praise or money.
我们的做某事的原因和动机可以是外在的,换句话说,基于外在奖励像赞美或者金钱。
00:27-00:38

engage in 参加 ★ pleas
e sb 取悦某人 ★★ intr
insic 内在的 ★★★ i
nternally 内在地 ★★
2. 例句：Or they can be intrinsic, meaning we engage in the activity because it pleases us
internally.
或者他们可以是内在的,意味着我们参加或者是因为我们能从内心感到满足。
00:38-00:44

a sense of accomplishment 成就感 ★★

3. 例句：With intrinsic or internal motivation,we want to do something because we enjoy it, o
r get us a sense of accomplishment from it.
有着内在动机,我们想做某事因为我们喜欢,或者可以从中获得成就感。1:32-1:41

be motivated 受到激励 ★★
get pleasure from sth 从…得到快乐 ★★
4. 例句：Most people who are internally motivated get pleasure from the activity,so they just
feel good about doing it.
大多数内在受到激励的人从活动中得到快乐,因此他们这么做会感觉良好。1:42-1:49

43
TPO6 Task4

Explicit 显 式 的 ★★★
Intentional 故 意 的 ★★
recollection 回 忆 ★★
An explicit memory is a conscious or intentional recollection, usually of facts, names, events,
or other things that a person can state or declare.(阅读)
显式记忆是一种有意识或有意的回忆，通常是事实，名字，事件或者其他人可以陈述或
者申明的东西。

advertise 做广告 ★
1. 例句：Let’s say there’s a billboard on the highway advertising, uh, a car called the Panther.
比如说在公路上有个带着猎豹名字的车的广告牌。00:52-00:57

Conscious memory 有意识的回忆 ★★★

2. 例句：They have no conscious memory of the Panther billboard.
他们对于猎豹广告牌的回忆是无意识的。1:23-1:27

start with 以 开头 ★
name 叫出 ★★
3. 例句：You ask them to name an animal starting with a letter P.
你让他们说出一种以 p 开头的动物名字。1:33-1:38

44
TPO7 Task4

Behavior Modification 行为纠正 ★★

Modify behavior 修改行为 ★★
Individuals often modify their behavior based on what they have learned about the possible
consequences of their actions.(阅读)

result in 导致 ★★
When an individual learns through experience that a certain behavior results in pleasant consequen
ces, that behavior is likely to be repeated.(阅读)
当一个人从经验中得知某种行为有积极的后果时，该行为可能会重复。

intterupt 打断 ★★
Walk around 随意走动 ★★
Be supposed to do sth 应该做某事 ★
1. 例句：So at the beginning they might, I don’t know, interrupt the teacher, walk around th
e classroom when they’re supposed to be sitting down.
所以一开始的时候,我不知道,打断老师,在应该坐下的时候随意走动。00:20-00:27

punish 惩罚 ★
2. 例句:They might get punished.
他们可能受到惩罚。00:36-00:37

get in trouble 惹上麻烦 ★★

3. 例句:Soon, they’ll learn that this kind of behavior gets them in trouble.
某种行为给他们惹麻烦。00:44-00:48

reward 奖励 ★★
4. 例句：They are rewarded .
他们会收到奖励。00:55-00:56

45
TPO 10 TASK6

feel concern for ★★

have empathy for ★★★
1. 例句：However, some new research’s suggesting that babies may be able to feel concern
for others, to have empathy for others.
然而,新的研究表明婴儿会对关心和同情别人。00:21-00:31

Assume 设想 ★
react to sth 对…反应 ★★
distressing 使烦恼的,使痛苦的 ★★★
2. 例句：We’ve always assumed that the other babies cry because they were reacting to the
noise of crying, that the noise itself was distressing.
我们一直觉得婴儿哭是对于哭声的反应,哭声本身就是令人痛苦的。1:03-1:13

play sth 播放.. ★

3. 例句：So, in the experiment researchers play tape recording, a tape of baby’s crying, to
another baby.
因此,在试验中研究人员播放一个婴儿的哭声给另一个婴儿听。1:14-1:21

46
TPO12 Task4 auditor
y 听觉的 ★★ Sti
muli 刺激 ★★★
Humans are constantly perceiving visual and auditory stimuli.(阅读)
人类总在感知视觉和听觉的刺激。

occur 发生 ★
But our perception of a stimulus can also occur without our awareness.(阅读)
但是刺激的感知也能在我们没有意识情况下发生。

flash 闪现 ★★
1. 例句：And while they are watching a picture flashed on the screen less than a second.
当他们在看屏幕时，一张图片在屏幕上一闪而过。00:15-00:20

barely 几乎不★
2. 例句：It was barely noticeable.
它几乎不被察觉。00:20-00:22

throw 扔 ★
3. 例句:In fact he was actually throwing the cake on the floor.
事实上,他正在把蛋糕扔到地上。00:35-00:37

Neutral 中立的 ★★★

4. 例句：In this picture, the boy’s just holding the cake basically no emotion on his face,
everything very neutral.
在照片里，男孩只是拿着蛋糕，面无表情，一切都是中立的。00:59-1:06

47
TPO13 Task4

external 外在的 ★★
In part 在某种程度上 ★
How an object affects our senses depends in part on external conditions, and these conditions
are always changing.(阅读）

view 观察 ★
Have difficulty (in)doing sth.做某事有困难 ★★
Context 环境 ★★★
we might have difficulty recognizing familiar objects if we viewed them in a new and differe
nt context.（阅读）

Suppose 假设 ★★ Til
t 倾斜 ★★ horizont
al 水平的 ★★
1. 例句：Suppose you tilt the plate to a different angle, to a horizontal position, like you’re
planning to put food on it, still a perfect circle?
假设你把碟子倾斜到一个不同角度，一个水平位置，就像你打算在上面放食物一样，它
还会是一个完美的圆吗？00:18-00:26

stretch 拉伸 ★★
Flat 使变平 ★★
2. 例句：The circle is now stretched out, flattened into an oval.
圆形被拉长了，变成椭圆。00:26-00:31

in the front row 前排 ★

in the back row 后排 ★
3. 例句：But let's say you are sitting in the front row today, but tomorrow you are sitting in th
e back row.
假设你今天坐着前排,但是明天坐在后排.00:55-1:00

48
TPO 14 Task4

major 专业 ★★
1. 例句：He was a film major and he loved movies.
他是一个电影专业的学生他热爱电影。00:12-00:18

reviewer 评论家 ★★
Newspaper 报社 ★
2. 例句：He looked for a job as a film reviewer for a newspaper.
他想在一家报社找一份影评着的工作。00:26-00:29

be paid to do sth 做某事有报酬 ★★

3. 例句：He gets to see films for free and would be paid to write about them.
他可以免费看电影，报道电影也有报酬。00:31-00:35

position 职位 ★
4. 例句：So, he took a position as a news reporter instead.
因此，他担任了新闻记者的职位。00:41-00:44

get used to sth 习惯 ★★

5. 例句：But, eventually, he adjusted and gained confidence and he got used to the job.
但是他最终适应了，获得自信并习惯了那份工作。00：56-1:01

Turn down 拒绝 ★★
6. 例句：He turned it down.
他拒绝了这份工作。1:29-1:31

too big of a change 一个太大的改变 ★★

Work out 进展顺利 ★★★
7. 例句：It seemed like too big of a change, since, well, there was a chance the new job might
not work out.
这似乎是个太大的改变，新工作很有可能不会成功。1:37-1:45

49
TPO15 Task4

inaccurate 不准确的 ★★
Sometimes, however, problems occur that lead to inaccurate results. （阅读）

participant 参与者 ★
invalidate 使无效 ★★
And that expectation causes the researcher to act in ways that influence the behavior of the
experiment participants, thereby invalidating the results of the experiment.（阅读）

pick up 捡起 ★
Put sth in sth 把...放到… ★
1. 例句：A researcher was given two groups of monkeys and he was asked to train these
monkeys to pick up a ball and put it in a box.
一位研究人员被分配了两组猴子，要求是训练这些猴子捡球并放到盒子里。00:10-00:18

be highly/ less intelligent 高/低智商 ★★

2. 例句：The researcher was told that one group of monkeys was highly intelligent and the
other group was less intelligent.
研究人员被告知一组猴子非常聪明，另一组则不那么聪明。00:26-00:33

in terms of 在。。方面 ★★
3. 例句：All the monkeys were actually very similar in terms of intelligence.
事实是所有猴子在智力方面都非常相似。00:38-00:42

perform the action 执行动作 ★★

4. 例句：The researcher trained the monkeys to perform the action.
研究人员训练猴子执行动作。00:54-00:57

it turns out …结果是 ★★

Average 平均的 ★
It takes sb ..to do sth 某事花某人+时间 ★★★
5. 例句：It turned out that, on average, it took him two hours less time to train the supposedly
smart monkeys than the supposedly less intelligent monkeys.
结果是，平均下来，他训练所谓的聪明猴子花的时间会比所谓的不那么聪明的猴子少两个
小时。00:57-1:07

50
TPO 16 Task4

feel motivated to do sth 感到有动力做某事 ★★

Be responsibe for 对…负责 ★★
When people work in groups to perform a task, individual group members may feel less mot
ivated to contribute when one person is held directly responsible for completing the task.
（阅读）

As...as 和…一样 ★
Output 输出 ★★
The result is that people may not work as hard, or accomplish as much as they would if they
were working alone and their individual output were being measured.（阅读）
结果是人们不会像单独工作，劳动输出被衡量的时候那样努力工作。

peel 剥 ★★★
In a given amount of time 在一定的时间内
1. 例句：They were simply asked to peel potatoes, and to peel as many potatoes as possible in
a given amount of time.
他们只是简单地被要求剥土豆皮，在一定的时间内尽可能多地剥土豆皮。00:12-00:19

tell 辨别，判定 ★★
2. 例句：So it would be impossible to tell how many any one person had done.
所以不可能判断一个人完成的量。00:34-00:38

take the average score of 取..的平均数 ★★★

Compare...to 把…和…对比 ★★
3. 例句：That is, they took the average score of the people working alone and compared it to
the average score of the people working together in a group, and they did discover a differen
ce!
也就是说，当他们把人们单独工作的平均分和人们一起工作的平均分对比的时候，的确发
现区别。00:46-00:55

51
TPO16 TASK6

somewhere else 其他地方 ★★

1. 例句：Whether it comes from themselves or from somewhere else.
来自他们自身还是其他外部因素。0:22-0:26

be disappointed with 对..感到失望 ★★★

figure out 想出 ★★
for the next time 下次 ★
2. 例句：she’ll probably be disappointed with herself, and uh...try to figure out how she can
improve for the next time.
她可能会对自己感到失望,努力想出如何下次的面试表现更好。1:06-1:11

Job candidate 求 职 者 ★★
Perceive 感知,认 为 ★★
After all 毕 竟 ★★
3. 例句：Ok, and another job candidate is an external, he perceives other things, say...his
interviewers to have more influence, after all, it’s their decision.
好的,另一个求职者倾向于外部控制因素,会认为其他因素,比如面试官们影响更大,毕竟,
是他们做的决定。1:12-1:23

depend on 取决于 ★★
be in the ..mood 心情如何 ★★
4. 例句：It depends on what mood their in and, you know, luck.
取决于面试官的心情或者运气。1:24-1:27

be hard on 对…严厉 ★★★

be likely to do sth 可能做某事 ★★
take risks 冒险 ★★
5. 例句：Now, with his external locus of control, his not as hard on himself, so he’s more
likely to take risks.
现在,由于倾向外在控制因素,他对自己不会那么严格,所以更容易冒险。1:28-1:35

be qualified for 有资格…可胜任.. ★★★

6. 例句：He might interview for a job that he’s not completely qualified for.
他可能去面试一份并不能完全胜任的工作.1:35-1:40

have a good day 度过愉快的一天 ★ Intervi

ewers were having a good day.1:48-1:50 面试
官心情好.
blame sb 责怪某人 ★★

52
7. 例句：He’ll probably blame the interviewers or bad luck rather than look at himself.
他可能会责怪面试官或者觉得自己运气不好,而不是自我反省。1:53-1:58

53
TPO 20 Task6

psychological pain 心理痛苦 ★★

unconsciously 不自觉地 ★★★
protect sb from sth 保护..以免..受伤害 ★★
1. 例句：They unconsciously use a strategy called, defense mechanisms, to protect themselve
s psychologically from their painful emotions.
他们不自觉地使用一种策略叫做保护机制,保护自己的免受痛苦情绪的伤害。
00:20-00:28

run away 逃跑 ★★
But one day the dog runs away.
有一天小狗走失了。

deal with 处理 ★
2. 例句：she’ll unconsciously find ways to deal with her painful feelings .
她会下意识地找方法缓解痛苦。00:54-00:59

Invent 虚构 ★★
3. 例句：She invents a happy story in her mind.
她想象了一个开心的故事。1:13-1:16

Sublimation 高尚化 ★★★

Differ from 和…不同 ★★★
4. 例句：Sublimation is different from fantasy.
高尚化和想象不同。1:45-1:48

redirect 使…改变方向 ★★
5. 例句：The woman redirects her negative feelings about losing her dog into a positive,
constructive activity.
她利用积极、有建设性的活动转移了消极的心态。2:14-2:27

54
TPO19 TASK4

tend to do sth 倾向于做某事 ★

Avoid doing sth 避免做某事 ★★
imitate 模仿 ★★
Result in 导致 ★
Undesirable 不合需要的 ★★
People tend to avoid imitating the behavior of another when they see it result in an
undesirable consequence.
当人们看到某种行为带来的结果不是符合需要的，他们倾向于避免模范该行为。（阅读）

give in 妥协 ★★
1. 例句：Mom gives in and says, “OK, fine, you can have it,”
妈妈妥协并说，好吧，你可以拥有它。00:41-00:46

cry and scream 哭闹 ★★

2. 例句：And maybe he sees these sorts of thing happen a lot, as mother giving in when his
sister cries and screams.
也许他经常看到这种事情发生，就像当他姐姐每次哭闹的时候妈妈都会妥协这种情况。
00:53-1:00

discipline sb for sth 因为某事惩罚某人 ★★★

3. 例句：The Mom instead disciplined the girl for screaming and crying when they got home
she didn’t let the little girl watch her favorite TV program.
相反地，回家后妈妈因为女孩哭闹惩罚她，不让她看她最喜欢的电视节目。1:18-1:27

55
TPO 21 Task 4

engage in 参与 ★★ Di
sruptive 捣乱的 ★★ Im
pact 影响 ★★
When a student engages in disruptive behavior in the classroom, it negatively impacts both
the teacher’s ability to teach and other students’ability to learn.(阅读)
当一个学生在课堂出现捣乱行为的时候，会对老师的教学能力和其他学生的学生能力产
生负面的影响。（阅读）

draw attention to 引起…注意力 ★★★

Discontinue 停止 ★★
By thus simply drawing attention to the effect of the student’s behavior, the teacher can ofte
n lead the student to discontinue the behavior.(阅读)
因此通过这样简单地将学生的注意力转移到行为的影响上，老师往往能引导学生停止该
行为。

Rule 规定 ★★
in the air 在 空中 ★
Call sb’s name 点名 ★★
1. 例句：I had the rule that if a student wanted to answer a question, they needed to raise thei
r hands in the air and wait till I call their name before speaking.
我规定学生在想回答问题的时候举手，我点名了才能发言。00:18-00:26

get more out of the discussion ★★

从讨论中学习到更多
2. 例句：That gave all the students a chance to participate which helped everyone get more ou
t of the discussion.
这给所有的学生参与课堂的机会，帮助他们从讨论中学到更多。00:26-00:32

Have trouble doing sth 做某事遇到麻烦 ★★

3. 例句：But some kids had trouble following the rule.
但有些孩子并不能遵守规定。00:32-00:36

call out the answer 说出答案 ★★

4. 例句：She would just called out the answer.
她只是说出答案。00:42-00:44

56
TPO22 Task4

Grow attached to 迷恋于 ★★

Outweigh 比。。更重要 ★★★
Commitment 投入 ★★
However, they may grow so attached to the idea of a successful outcome that even if it starts
to look like the project will fail, and the disadvantages are outweighing the benefits, they will
nevertheless increase their commitment to the project rather than give up.
然而，他们可能对成功的想法产生如此的依恋以至即使看起来项目会失败，还有弊大于利，
他们仍然加大对于项目的投入而不是放弃。（阅读）

Be in a good condition 环境好 ★★

1. 例句：She noticed the house wasn’t in very good condition.
她发现房子的情况不是很好。00:16-00:19

Be a little run down 有点破旧 ★★

2. 例句：It was a little run down and probably needed some repairs.
它有点破旧可能需要修缮。00:19-00:24

fix sth up 修好某物 ★★★

Convince 使…相信 ★★
3. 例句：so I convinced my wife that we could hire people to fix it up.
因此我们说服我妻子，我们可以雇人来修好它。00:30-00:35

electrical problems 电问题 ★★

4. 例句：After the roof was repaired, the workers discovered the house had electrical
problems.
屋顶修好之后，工人们发现房子有电方面的问题。00:53-00:58

at a huge cost 以高成本 ★★

5. 例句：Most of the wiring was bad and would have to be replaced, at a huge cost.
大部分电线是坏的，需要换掉，成本很高。00:59-1:04

At this point 这个时候 ★

Remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事 ★★
Get it in good shape 使。。环境变好 ★★★
6. 例句：Well, at this point, my wife reminded me of her earlier doubts about the house and
wondered if we could ever get it in good shape.1:04-1:11

be torn out and replaced 要拆换 ★★

7. 例句：The electrician noticed that insects had eaten some of the walls and they would also
have to be torn out and replaced.1:22-1:29

57
follow sb’s advice 听取某人的建议 ★★
8. 例句：If I stopped now, my wife will think I was wrong for not following her advice.”
如果我现在就停止，我的妻子会认为我没有听取她的建议是错误的。1:39-1:44

58
TPO23 Task4

a bunch of art students 一群艺术生 ★

1. 例句：I became friends with a bunch of art students.
我和一群艺术生变成了朋友。00:13-00:16

handle major responsibilities 担任一些重要责任 ★★★

bright 聪明的 ★★
2. 例句：And I started working with some really bright, young people who’d already been
working in the company for a few years, who were already handling major responsibilities f
or the company, really impressive.
我也开始和一些很聪明的年轻人公事，这些人在公司工作了几年，已经担任一些重要责
任，这真的很令人印象深刻。00:45-00:57

get together 聚到一起 ★

3. 例句：And sometimes some of us would get together on the weekend.
我们当中一些人有时也会在周末的时候聚在一起。00:57-1:01

dress up a little bit 穿得正式一些 ★★★

4. 例句：But I soon noticed that my co-workers preferred to dress up a little bit.
但我很快发现我的同事更喜欢穿地正式一些。1:11-1:16

Look sharp 看起来精神 ★★

5. 例句：And I started thinking, you know, that looks really classy, really sharp.
我也开始觉得，你知道，这样看起来真的很好看，很精神。1:29-1:34

59
TPO30 TASK4

maintain 保持 ★★
Emotional intelligence helps people to behave appropriately in social situations, which allow
them to maintain good relationships with others.(阅读)

get into an argument 发生争吵 ★★

Get upset 感到沮丧 ★★
Not at all 一点也不 ★
1. 例句：They got into an argument because they couldn’t decide on what movie to watch.
My daughter started to get quite upset during the argument, which wasn’t like her at all.
她们发生了争吵，因为她们不能决定看什么电影。我的女儿在争吵中开始变得很沮丧，
这一点都不像她。00:13-00:17

counselor 辅导老师 ★
2. 例句：she’d just gotten this summer job as a camp counselor for children.
她刚得到暑假的工作，作为孩子的夏令营辅导老师。00:37-00:40

be upset about 对…感到沮丧 ★★

start doing sth 开始做某事 ★ no
t...but...不是…而是… ★★
3. 例句：so she figured out that she wasn’t upset about what movie to watch with her friend,
but about starting her new job.
因此她想明白了她不是因为看什么电影而沮丧，而是因为开始新工作。00:47-00:55

apologize to sb 向某人道歉 ★★
4. 例句：And when she understood this, she stopped arguing with her friend, and apologized
to her.
当她明白到这一点的时候，她停止和她朋友争吵，向她朋友道歉。0059-1:05

60
TPO31 TASK4

divide ...into 把…分成 ★★

Put ...into 把…放进 ★ Acc
ount 账户 ★★
In their minds, people tend to divide their money into different categories as if they were
putting it into separate mental bank accounts. （阅读）
在他们看来，人们倾向于把钱分成不同类别，好像他们把它存入不同的精神银行一样。

store 储存 ★★
They imagine other money being stored in another account from which money can be taken a
nd freely spent. (阅读)
他们想象其他部分的钱被存在另一个账户，从中钱可以取出和自由花费。

made a regular salary from sth 从…赚固定薪水 ★★★

1. 例句：And I made a regular salary from that.
我也从中赚固定薪水。00:13-00:15

Get regular paycheck 有固定的工资 ★★

2. 例句：So every time I got my regular paycheck from my job at the office, I'd save as much
of the money from it as I could after I bought the basic stuff I needed.
因此每次我从办公室工作中拿到固定工资的时候，我都会在买完我基本需要的物品之后
尽可能多地省钱。0025-0034

somehow 不知怎么的★★
3. 例句：Somehow I guess that money seemed separate from the money I earned at my regula
r job.00:37-00:42
不知怎么的，我好像觉得那钱和我日常工作中赚到的钱是分开的。

The thing is 问题是 ★★

End up doing sth 以做…告终 ★★
save up money 存钱 ★
4. 例句：But the thing is, it ended up taking me a really long time to save up all the money I
needed to buy the house.
但问题是，最终我花了很长时间才把我买房子需要的钱存起来。00:50-00:56

look back 回顾 ★★
5. 例句：And looking back now, I realize I could have bought the house a lot sooner if only I
had saved more of the money I made working at the restaurant.
回顾起来，我意识到如果我当时能把在餐厅赚的钱存下来，我就能更快地买下那房子。
00:56-1:04

61
TPO32 TASK 4

Be aware of 意识到 ★★
Bias 偏见 ★★
Exhibit 显示 ★★
Without being fully aware of it, people who exhibit this bias tend to focus on and remember
only the advantages of the option they selected.
在没有充分意识到这点的情况下，表现出这种偏见的人们倾向于只关注他们选择的选项
的优点。（阅读）

overlook 忽略 ★★
As time passes, they will overlook the option’s disadvantages, eventually even forgetting
them.
随着时间的流逝，他们会忽略选项的缺点，最终甚至忘记他们。（阅读）

narrow down to 缩小范围到 ★★★

1. 例句：He had it narrowed down to this one house that he was interested in.
他把范围缩小到他感兴趣的房子。00:19-00:23

Downside 缺点 ★★
2. 例句：However, the downside of this house was that it was smaller than what he was
hoping to buy.
然而，这栋房子的缺点是它比他想要买的房子小。00:41-00:47

make the purchase 购买 ★★

3. 例句：And a few years after he made the purchase, I remember, we were talking about the
decision and why he decided to buy the house.
在他买下房子几年之后，我记得，我们在讨论关于买房子的决定和他做这个决定的原因。
00:59-1:06

A few minutes from his job 离他上班地点几分钟路程 ★★

4. 例句：He told me how happy he was with the fact it was so close to his work, how great it
was only few minutes from his job.
他告诉我他对于房子离他工作地点近这个事实感到多开心，离他上班地点只有几分钟路
程是多么棒。1:11-1:19

62
TPO 34 TASK4

develop 产生，形成 ★
People tend to develop a preference for this they have previously encountered, things they are fam
iliar with. （阅读）
人们倾向于对他们之前遇到过的事物产生偏爱，对于他们熟悉的事物。

assemble 召集 ★★
geometrical 几何的 ★★
1. 例句：What they did was they assembled a group of subjects, a group of students, and they
showed these students a series of geometrical shapes.
他们做的事情是召集一组对象，一组学生，他们像这些学生展示一系列几何形状
lower the light 降低灯光的亮度。00:11-00:20

lower the light 降低灯光的亮度 ★★

2. 例句：They also lowered the light in the room to make it even more difficult for the
students to see the shapes.
他们也降低了灯光的亮度，让学生甚至更难看到这些形状。 00:32-00:38

a split second 一刹那 ★★

in dim light 在昏暗的灯光下 ★★
3. 例句:So the shapes were there for a split second in dim light and then they were gone.
因此这些形状在昏暗的灯光下出现一刹那然后消失。00:38-00:45

images in pairs 成对的图片 ★★★

At a time 一次 ★
4. 例句：And this time they showed the images in pairs, two at a time.
这个时候他们成对地展示图片，一次两张。00:56-1:00

63
TPO36 TASK4

be involved with 参与 ★
On stage 在舞台上 ★★
we can best enjoy the the performance of a play if we become emotionally involved with the
events and characters on stage.(阅读)
如果我们在情感上和舞台上的事件和人物有参与感，我们更最好地享受戏剧的表演。

walk out on stage 走出舞台 ★

be distracted 分心 ★★★
1. 例句：I went to see and when he first walked out on stage, I have to admit I was a little
distracted.
我去看，当他开始走出舞台的时候，我承认我是有点分心。00:14-00:19

Be colored 给…涂颜色 ★★
2. 例句：I could tell that his hair was colored gray.
我可以看出他的头发染成了灰色。00:22-00:25

dress up 打扮 ★★★
3. 例句：But at first I only saw him as my roommate dressed up to look like an older man.
但一开始的时候我只是把他看成我的室友，打扮地像个老人。00:31-00:38

Pitch in 出一份力 ★★
In the time of 在…的时期 ★★
4. 例句：They all pitched in to help in the time of crisis.
他们所有人都在危机时期出一份力。1:21-1:24

64
TPO 41 TASK4

initial 初次的 ★★
people have made an initial judgment, they tend to notice evidence that supports that
judgment(阅读）
人们做出了初次的判断，他们倾向于注意支持他们判断的证据。

a research assistant 研究助理 ★★

Work as 以…身份工作 ★★
1. 例句：I worked as a research assistant in a laboratory for a year.00：
我在实验室当了一年的研究助理。10-00:14

run an experiment 做实验 ★★

2. 例句：I made a suggestion to my boss on how we could improve the way we were running
an experiment.
我向我的老板建议，关于我们如何可以改善我们做实验方法。 00：18-00：23

recover 恢复 ★★
3. 例句：We recovered the data, but it cost of the lab time and money.
我们恢复了数据，但是它浪费了实验室时间和金钱。1:06-1:11

Incompetent 能力不足的 ★★★

4. 例句：our boss concluded that week that my co-worker was unreliable, incompetent.
我们的老板那周得出的结论是我的同时不可靠，能力不足。1:11-1:17

65
TPO41 TASK6

in a way 在某种程度上 ★★
309.例句：Play is important for kids to develop in an emotionally healthy way.玩耍对儿童心
理的发展很重要。00:13-00:19

feel in control 有控制感 ★★★

1. 例句：Play helps children feel more in control.
玩耍让儿童有更多的控制感。 0:29-0:31

get control over 控制…★★

2. 例句：They've got very little control over their own lives.
他们对自己生活几乎没有掌控。00:43-00:46

state of dependency 依赖的状态 ★★

3. 例句：This constant state of dependency can make kids feel uneasy and anxious.
这种持续依赖的状态会让孩子感到紧张和焦虑。00:52-00:56

not at all 一点也不 ★

4. 例句：They are constructing something with no help at all.
他们在没有任何帮助下搭建东西。1:12-1:16

explore sth 挖掘.. ★★

5. 例句：It gives children a safe way to explore certain urges, desires they have.
它给儿童一种安全的方式去挖掘某种冲动和欲望。1:29-1:36

break sth 打烂某物 ★

mess sth up 搞砸某物/事 ★
6. 例句：All kids have this urge, but if they try to act on it and (start actually breaking things
or messing things up around the house, their parents will get upset.
所有孩子都有这种冲动,但是他们如果努力行动,开始打烂东西或者弄乱房间,他们的父
母会沮丧。1:45-1:54

what is it like to do sth 做…是什么感觉 ★★

7. 例句：They want to explore what it's like to be destructive.
他们想要探索搞破坏的感觉。1:57-2:00

smash 粉碎 ★★
8. 例句：Isn't it really common to see a kid build a tower or something and then just smash it
all down?
看到一个孩子建起一座塔或什么东西,然后破坏掉不是很正常吗?2:18-2:25

66
TPO45 TASK4

recall 回想 ★★
In order 按顺序 ★★
To later recall the new information in order, we imagine walking through the familiar
place.(阅读)
为了以后我们按顺序回忆这些新信息，我们想象我们走过熟悉的地方。

assign 分配 ★★
in sequence 按顺序 ★★
1. 例句：The next thing you do is assign one planet to each of your landmarks in sequence.
你接下来做的事情是把行星把顺序分配到你的每个地标。00:40-00:46

picture 想象 ★★
vivid 生动的★★
2. 例句：And each time you picture the association in your mind as vividly as possible.
每次你都在脑海中尽可能生动地联想其中的关系。1:06-1:11

67
TPO46 TASK 6

have some previous knowledge 有储备的知识 ★★

1. 例句：One explanation is that we remember something better if we already have some
previous knowledge about it.
一种解释是对于我们熟悉的东西,我们能够更好记住它。 00:17-00:23

pieces 乐曲 ★
Order 顺序 ★
2. 例句：You probably won't remember what pieces the orchestra played ,what order they pla
y them and so on.
你可能不会记得交响乐团演奏的乐曲。00:35-00:39

Exceptionally 格外得 ★★★

3. 例句：Maybe a man who was exceptionally tall or a woman who was exceptionally
intelligent.
也许是一个特别高的男人或者特别聪明的女人。1:24-1:30

68
TPO47 TASK 4

attempt to 尝试 ★★
Restore 恢复 ★ Con
tradict 反驳 ★★
Oppose 反对 ★
they often attempt to restore freedom by directly contradicting or opposing the rule of
regulation that threatened their freedom. (阅读)
他们经常通过直接反驳或者反对威胁到他们自由的规定或规则来恢复自由。

for no apparent reason 无缘无故 ★★

not anymore 再也不 ★
1. 例句：Now imagine that one day, for no apparent reason, your parents decide that they do
n't want you playing there anymore.
现在想象一下有一天,你的父母没有理由地决定他们不希望你再去那里玩了。
00:14-00:22

sneak 偷偷地做 ★★
2. 例句：So you sneak over there anyway.
因此你还是偷偷跑去那里。00：34-00：37

go into effect 生效 ★★
3. 例句：And a week before the law went into effect, what happened?
因此在法律生效前一周,发生了什么?1:11-1:15

circumstance 情况 ★★
4. 例句：People went and bought a whole lot of this particular soap, way more than they
would have in another circumstance.
人们去买了很多这种肥皂,比在另一种情况下买地多很多。1:15-1:22

69
TPO49 TASK4

establish 建立 ★
Once a task has been practiced, or repeated many times, procedural memories are establishe
d.(阅读)
一旦任务被实践了,或者重复了很多次,程序记忆就被建立起来。

hold 握住 ★
place my fingers on sth 把..放在..
string 弦 ★★
1. 例句：And in my first lessons, my guitar teacher, she showed me how to hold the guitar an
d how to place my fingers on the strings.
我在的第一堂课上,我的吉他老师教我如何握住吉他,如何把手指放在弦上。00:15-00:23

pick up 拿起 ★
2. 例句：And after a couple years spending time like this playing at home, I can just pick up
my guitar and play music without thinking about it.00：
像这样在家练习了几年之后,我不用思考就能拿起吉他并弹奏起来。28-00：35

Be amazed to discover 惊讶地发现 ★★

3. 例句：I was amazed to discover that when I picked it up I knew how to play.我惊讶地发
现当我拿起吉他的时候我会弹。00：48-00：55

note 音符 ★★
4. 例句：I just picked it up and right away I found that I still knew where to place my finger
s to play the right notes.
我就把它拿起来,马上发现我还知道手指该放在什么位置弹正确的音符。00:55-1:03

70
TPO50 TASK4

take place 发生 ★
people are aware (consciously or unconsciously) of the environment in which their learning t
akes place.
人们有意识无意识地发现学习发生所在的环境。(阅读)

Memorize the name 记忆名字 ★★

1. 例句：OK, and as part of this assignment, we needed to memorize the names, you know an
d certain key characteristics of the plants.00：14-00：22
好的,作为作业的一部分,我们需要记忆一些名称,你知道,一些植物的某些主要特征。

Work on 忙于 ★★
2. 例句：Then on the morning, the assignment was given, our teacher gave us time to work on
the presentation during class, right there in the classroom.
然后在早上的时候,任务分配好了,老师在上课的时候给我们时间准备演讲,就在教室里。
00：22-00：30

do some final studying 最后学习一下 ★★

3. 例句：on the night before the presentation, I invited my group members over to my house t
o do some final studying.
在做演讲咋前一天晚上,我邀请我小组成员到我家最后学习一下。00：44-00：50

go smoothly…进行地很顺利 ★★
4. 例句：But the next morning, when we were back in the classroom, the presentation actuall
y went very smoothly.
但是到了第二天早上,当我们回到教室的时候,事实上演讲进行得很顺利。1:18-1:24

71
TPO52 TASK4

interactions 互动 ★★
convey 传达 ★ perce
ive 认知 ★
Even in everyday, ordinary interactions, we make special preparations - sometimes uncon
sciously to convey certain Information about ourselves that influences how others
perceive us. (阅读)
convey certain Information about ourselves.

formally 正式地 ★★
1. 例句：when a student gives a class presentation, he might dress just a little more formally
than usual?
当一个学生要在班上演讲,他可能比平常穿着更加正式?00:07-00:13

take sth seriously 认真对待某事 ★★

2. 例句：You take this presentation seriously.
你认真对待这次演讲。00:29-00:31

be prepared 有准备 ★★
3. 例句：You’ve come prepared.
有备而来。00:31-00:33

give sb a ride 让某人搭车 ★★

4. 例句：I was supposed to give him a ride.
我应该给他搭便车。00:57-00:59

take sth out 把…带出去 ★★

4. 例句：I took the trash out of the back seat .
我把后座的垃圾清走。1:04-1:07

to top it up 更夸张的是 ★★
5. 例句：And then to top it up, when the president got in the car, I changed the radio to a
classical station.
更夸张的是,在总统上车时候,我把电台节目调到了古典音乐电台。1:23-1:30

sophisticated 成熟的 ★★
6. 例句：I guess I must be thinking that the classic music would seem more sophisticated.
我觉得我一定在想经典音乐会使人显得更加成熟。1:33-1:40

72
TPO52 TASK6

underestimate 低估 ★★
appeal to 呼吁 ★★★ m
oral 道德的 ★★
1. 例句：we underestimate how much can be accomplished just by appealing to people’s
sense of moral duty, to their civic duty.
我们低估了如何通过呼吁人们要有道德责任感,他们的公民责任感来实现目标。
00:23-00：30

it’s the right thing to do 是正确的事情去做 ★★★

2. 例句：In other words, getting people to voluntarily stop polluting because, well just becaus
e it’s the right thing to do.
也就是说,让人们自愿停止污染,因为只是因为这么做是正确的。00：30-00：39

come out 推出 ★★
3. 例句：When the forest service first came out with the “Smokey the Bear” campaign, it
may have seemed a little childish.
当森林服务开始推出‘烟雾熊’活动的时候,可能显得有些孩子气。1:08-1:14

be sensitive to 对…敏感 ★★
4. 例句：It made people more sensitive to these problems.
它使得人们对这些问题更加敏感.。1:28-1:31

awareness 意识 ★
5. 例句：This kind of campaign in general raises people’s awareness of the problem and
appeals to their sense of moral duty.1：33-1：41
这样的活动整体式提高人们对环境污染问题的意识和唤醒他们的道德责任意识。

promote 促进 ★★
6. 例句：In the early days of recycling, local community promoted these voluntary efforts.
在循环回收的早期,当地的社区促进志愿工作。1:46-1：51

provide sb with sth 给某人提供.. ★

7. 例句：They provided neighborhoods with containers to put their glass and newspapers in
instead of throwing them away.
他们给附近的社区提供集装箱装他们的玻璃和报纸,而不是扔掉。1：57-2：04

73
TPO53 TASK4

Perform 执行 ★
component 组合的 ★★
First, parents identify each of the simpler component behaviors and determine the order in
which these simpler behaviors are performed.(阅读)
首先,父母确定组合行为的每个部分然后决定完成这些简单行为的顺序。

by oneself 独自 ★★
1.例句：I decided to help her learn how to wash her hands by herself.
我决定帮助她学习自己洗手。00：09-00：12

add some soap 添加肥皂 ★★

2.例句：You add some soap.
你添加肥皂。00：29-00：30

rinse 冲洗 ★★
3. 例句：You rinse your hands .
你冲洗手。00：30-00：32

break down… into..把…分解成 ★★★

4. 例句：So I broke it down into these steps and I help my daughter learn them one step at a
time.
所以我把它分解成多个步骤并帮我女儿一次学一个步骤。00：35-00：42

for a while 一段时间 ★★

5. 例句：And she practiced steps 1, 2, and 3 for a while.
她练习步骤 1，2，3 一段时间。1：12-1：16

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TPO EXTRA 1TASK4

input 输入 ★
crucial 重要的 ★★
the organism must receive crucial input from its environment in order for normal
development to occur.(阅读)
生物体必须接受来自环境关键的输入,才能正常发育。

attributes 属性 ★★
The normal development of certain physical attributes or behaviors may never occur.(阅读)
某种正常的身体属性或者行为可能不会出现。

needed stimulus 所需的刺激 ★★

if the organism is not provided with the needed stimulus or influence during the critical per
iod, it may permanently lose the capacity to ever obtain a particular physical attribute or be
havior.(阅读)
如果生物题在关键时期没有被提供所需的刺激或者影响,他可能事情或者某种身体属性
或者行为的能力。

Good vision 好视力 ★★

1. 例句：Adult cats have extremely good vision, especially at night.
成年猫有非常好的视力,尤其在晚上。00：09-00：14

be exposed to 暴露在 ★★★

2. 例句：But in order for a kitten's eyesight to develop normally, the kitten must be exposed t
o light during the first four months of its life.
但是为了小猫的视力正常发育,在出生后的前四个月必须接触光。00：14-00：22

line up 排队 ★★
3. 例句：little baby geese line up, single-file, and follow their parent goose around.
婴儿鹅会排纵队和跟着它们父母周围走。0042-0047

hatch 孵化 ★★
4. 例句：For example, suppose after the baby geese were hatched, the only other animal
around was, I don't know, say a dog.
比如说,假设在婴儿鹅孵化后,其他在周围的动物是,我不知道,比如说狗。1：12-1：20

adopt 接受 ★★
5. 例句：The geese will adopt the dog as their parent.
鹅会把狗当作它们的父母。1：27-1：29

75
 商科词汇

TPO1 Task 4

the result may be negative 结果可能是不好的★★

a design make-over 设计改造 ★★
make products look more up-to-date 让产品看起来更新潮 ★★★
1. 例句：one day a co-worker and I suggested we should give our computers a design
make-over: make them look more up-to-date.
一天我的同事和我决定给我们的电脑做设计改造，让它们看起来更新潮。00:21-00:29

senior manager 高级经理 ★

2. 例句：There were a few senior managers there.
当时那里有几个高级经理。00:45-00:50

change their mind 改变想法 ★★

3. 例句：some of our supporters changed their minds!
一些支持我们的人改变了想法。00:58-01:01

make a bad impression on sb 给某人留下坏印象 ★★★

jeopardize 破坏 ★★
a team-player 懂得团队合作的人★★
4. 例句：he didn’t want to make a bad impression on the senior managers. He thought that
disagreeing with them might jeopardize his chances of getting a promotion by not looking li
ke a team-player.
他不想给高级经理留下坏的印象。他觉得不同意他们的看法会让自己看起来不合群，会
破坏他升职的机会。01：06-01：18

side with sb 站到某人那边 ★★v

5. 例句：more people sided with the senior management.
更多的人站到高级经理那边去了。01:28-01:30

vote against an idea 给一个想法投反对票 ★★★

6. 例句：I voted against my own idea in the end.
最后我给自己的主意投了反对票。01：37-01：40

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TPO 3 Task 6

meet our needs or desires perfectly 完美地满足需要 ★★★

1. 例句：advertisers will often try to make us believe that a product will meet our needs or
desires perfectly.
做广告的人常常会试图让我们相信一样产品能完美地契合我们的需求。00：19-00：29

repeated exposure to a message 不断重复一个信息 ★★

2. 例句：Research shows that repeated exposure to a message is enough to make people accep
t it.
研究表明不断地重复一个信息能合人们接受它。00:40-00:52

reach the logical conclusion 观看者会得出一个合理的结论 ★★

3. 例句：the viewer would reach the logical conclusion that the slogan miss-represents the
product.
观看者会得出的合理结论是，口号与产品不相符。01:29-01:46

advertise a product 宣传一个产品 ★★★

4. 例句：another strategy they use is to get a celebrity to advertise a product.
另一个策略是利用名人来宣传产品。01:46-01:52

a car commercial 一个汽车广告 ★★

5. 例句：you might have a car commercial that features a well-known race car driver.
你可能看到一个汽车广告在展示一个有名的赛车手。02:03-02:09

77
TPO 5 Task 4

market a product 推广一样产品 ★

reach potential customer 吸引潜在顾客 ★★★
be very effective in 在某方面很有效 ★★ tel
evision commercial 电视广告 ★★
1. 例句：Nowadays something you notice more and more is television commercials .
现在大家越来越留意电视广告了。00:08-00:19

pop music 流行音乐 ★

teen serial 青春电视剧 ★
create a commercial 制作广告 ★★
2. 例句：Now during TV shows with pop music or teen serials, they create a commercial that
emphasizes how fun the phone is.
在充斥流行音乐和青春电视剧的电视节目中，人们制作了一种强调电话乐趣的广告。00：
24-00：36

appeal to different groups of people 吸引不同人群 ★★★

3. 例句：The company has just made two different commercials to appeal to different groups
of people.
公司做了两个不同的广告来吸引不同的人群。01：18-01：28

78
TPO 7 Task 6

purchaser 购买者★
cost the same 要价一样 ★★
identically-priced products 价格相同的产品 ★★★
1. 例句：people sometimes have a choice between two identically-priced products.
有时人们要在两样价格相同的产品之间作出选择。00：45-00：50

go a reasonable amount of time 能持续使用一段合理的时间 ★★

need repairs 需要维修 ★★
2. 例句：it can go a reasonable amount of time without needing repairs.
产品能持续使用一段合理的时间，而不需要维修。01：17-01：22

product reliability 产品可靠程度 ★★★

3. 例句：product reliability means the absence of defects .
产品可靠性意思是没有差错。01:31-01:38

electric window 电动窗 ★

sun roof 车子的天窗；车子的活动顶板 ★
air-conditioning 空调 ★
stereo 立体音响 ★
4. 例句：New cars today are loaded with features like electric windows, sun roofs,
air-conditioning, stereos and so forth.
现在的车都有电动窗，天窗，空调和立体音响等等。02:20-02:29

compare products 对比产品 ★★

across the board 整体的，全面而言 ★★
5. 例句：When people are comparing products today, they look at features, because
reliabilities pretty much equal across the board.
现在人们比较产品的时候，会考虑产品功能，因为现在的产品整体上都比较可靠。02：
04-02：12

79
TPO 8 Task 6

initial prices 最初价格 ★★

1. 例句：Today we’ll talk about how companies determine the initial prices for their products.
今天我们要讨论的是企业如何为产品定最初价格。00：05-00：13

build a high quality image for a product 打造产品的高品质形象 ★★

2. 例句：when introducing a new product, companies want to build a high quality image for it.
推出一款新产品的时候，企业想要打造产品高品质的形象。00：33-00：40

be of higher quality 质量高 ★

3. 例句：Products that cost more are believed to be of higher quality.
一般大家认为，产品价格越高，质量越好。00：40-00：45

make very high profits from sth 从某物中赚取很高的利润 ★★

4. 例句：during the early stages of the product life cycle, companies can make very high
profits from consumers.
在产品周期的初始阶段，企业能从消费者身上赚取很高的利润。00：44-00：55

innovative high-tech product 创新的高科技产品 ★★

5. 例句：his approach works very well with, oh, innovative high tech products for example.
他的方法非常适用于创新的高科技产品。01：02-01：08

video recorder / video camera 录像机 ★

first came out 最初面市 ★★
6. 例句：Now just think about when video recorders or video cameras or even cell phones firs
t came out.They were very expensive.
想想录像机和手机刚面市的时候，它们都很贵。01：08-01：18

be saturated with a product 一样产品的市场已经饱和 ★★★

7. 例句：the market is already saturated with the product.
这款产品的市场已经饱和。01：25-01：30 under
cut its competitor 定价比竞争对手低 ★★★
8.例句：the strategy is to undercut its competitors.
应对策略就是定价比竞争对手低。01:30-01:33

switch brands 换品牌 ★★

9.例句：The existing consumers are tempted to switch brands.
现有的消费群体会受到换品牌的诱惑。01：46-01：59

80
TPO 10 Task 4

marketing practice 营销手段★★

in the entertainment industry 在娱乐行业 ★
toys are designed to look like characters in a popular show
根据热门节目角色设计的玩具★★
a children’s television show is written to include characters that are based on already-popula
r toys 根据受欢迎玩具角色而制作的电视节目 ★★

be popular with sb 受某人欢迎 ★★

1. 例句：when I was a kid, a character named Action Hero was really popular with my friend
s and me.
我小的时候，我跟我的朋友特别喜欢一个叫行动英雄的角色。00：10-00：18

it seem only natural to 看起来就应该去... ★★★

2. 例句：it seemed only natural to want to own toys.
很自然地想要得到这些玩具。00:38-00:46

81
TPO 12 Task 6

the demand for a product 对一样产品的需求 ★★

1. 例句：When we talked about the demand for a product, we’re referring to how much
consumers want to buy it.
当我们说产品需求的时候，我们说的是顾客对产品的购买欲望有多强。00:04-00:15

substitute goods 替代产品 ★★★

interchangeable 可互换的 ★★
2. 例句：If products can be substituted for one another then, um, well, then they are called
substitute goods. They are similar enough to be interchangeable.
如果产品间可以互相替换，我们就称之为替代产品。他们非常相似，可以互相替换。00：
41-00：51

butter and margarine 黄油的和人造黄油 ★★

be used for the same purposes 用途一样 ★★
3. 例句：Like, uh, like butter and margarine. They are pretty much used for the same purposes.
就像黄油和人造黄油，他们的用途基本相同。00：51-01：04

compliment goods 取代产品 ★★★

4. 例句：Those products we call “compliment goods”.
那些产品就叫取代产品。01：35-01：39

compact disks and compact disk players 光盘和光盘播放器 ★

5. 例句：Like compact disks and compact disk players. You need both products in order to us
e either.
就像光盘和光盘播放器，两者得一块使用。01：39-01：49

demand decreases/ goes down 需求下降 ★★★

price goes up 价格上升 ★★
6. 例句：And if the price of the CD’s goes up, well, demand for them will do down.
如果光盘的价格上长，它们的需求就会下降。01:58-02:03

82
TPO 18 Task 6

target customer 目标顾客 ★★

develop a marketing strategy 确定推广策略 ★★
1. 例句：In order to develop a marketing strategy, a company would look at certain
characteristics of target customers .
为了确定推广策略，企业会思考目标顾客的特点。00:15-00:27

have much use for sth 经常要用某物 ★

2. 例句；people who don’t live near water don’t have much use for boats.
住得离水域远的人不常用到船。01：26-01：30

in that age group 在那个年龄段★★

3. 例句：that way the company will get people in that age group to go buy toy cars.
这样企业能让那个年龄段的人买玩具车。01:01-01:09

place advertisement 放广告 ★★★

4. 例句：So by placing advertisement on signs along the road the company would be more
likely to reach the target customers .
因此通过在路边投放广告，企业能吸引目标顾客。01：30-01：46

Geographic location 地理位置 ★★

5. 例句：I’d like to talk to you today about two characteristics of target customers ,
specifically age and geographic location of target customers.
我想要和大家探讨目标客户的两个特点，尤其是年龄和地理位置。00：27-00：38

advetise during times when 在...的期间播放广告 ★★

6. 例句：they’d want to advertise during times when kids are actually watching television.
他们会想要在孩子们看电视的期间播放广告。00:43-00:57

83
TPO 20 Task 4

business chain 连锁店 ★★★

fast food restaurant 快餐店 ★
use a practice 采用一种做法 ★★
open a store 开一间店 ★
an established company 一家知名公司 ★★
an established, in-demand product 一件知名，需求大的产品★
have immediate name recognition 有即时品牌认可度 ★★★

star a business 开公司 ★

1. 例句：we’ve been talking about starting a business.
我们一直在讲开间公司的事。00：05-00：12

open up a pizza restaurant 开一家披萨店 ★

2. 例句：Let’s say I want to open up a pizza restaurant.
假设我想开一家披萨店。00：12-00：15

a chain of ... 某某连锁店 ★★

3. 例句：I contact the big company that owns a chain of pizza places.
我联系了一家拥有连锁披萨店的公司。00：21-00：25

one of a kind 独一无二 ★★★

4. 例句：I sell its special, one of a kind, pizza.
我卖它家的独一无二的披萨。00：-00：35

run a business 经营公司 ★★★

5. 例句：I don’t have a lot of freedom in the way I run my business.
在如何经营自己的公司方面，我没有太多的自由。01：11-01：16

84
TPO26 Task 6

container 包装 ★★
deciding factor 决定性因素 ★★★
1. 例句：So the design of the container is very important. It can be the deciding factor .
因此包装的设计是非常重要的。它可能是决定性因素。00:15-00:19

user-friendly 便于使用的 ★★★

2. 例句：One important design goal is to make the container as user-friendly as possible.
其中一个重要的设计目标就是使包装尽可能方便使用。00:32-00:40

condiments such as ketchup, mustard and mayonnaise

诸如番茄酱、芥末和蛋黄酱的调料 ★★
3. 例句；companies started using plastic containers for condiments such as ketchup, mustard
and mayonnaise.
企业开始生产塑料包装来装诸如番茄酱、芥末和蛋黄酱之类的调料。 00：40-00：49

screw off a lid 撬开盖子 ★★

scoop it out with spoon 用调羹舀出来 ★★
4. 例句：In the past, these products came in glass containers with lids you had to screw off.
And then you had to scoop it out with spoon.
在过去，这些产品用的是玻璃包装，你必须得把盖子撬开，然后用调羹舀出来。00：49-01：
02

remove a lid 打开盖子 ★★

gave it a little squeeze 轻轻挤一下它 ★★
5. 例句；You just gave it a little squeeze and out came the ketchup, much faster and easier
than having to remove a lid first.
你只需轻轻挤一下，然后番茄酱就出来了，比撬开盖子要简单快捷。01：09-01：19

plain cardboard box 朴素的卡纸盒 ★★

6. 例句：Instead of selling their cookies in a plain cardboard box, they might sell them in a
nice metal box.
他们不将饼干放在朴素的卡纸盒里卖，而是放在漂亮的金属盒子里。01：32-01：42

85
TPO 28 Task 4

developed a negative impression of a product 对产品形成负面印象 ★★

advertise a product 给一个产品打广告 ★ refute/c
hallenge an disadvantage 反驳劣势 ★★★ make up
for a limitation 弥补不足 ★★

watch an advertisement on television 在电视上看到一则广告 ★

pots and pans 锅碗瓢盆 ★★
1. 例句：I watched an advertisement on television about a well known companies pots and
pans.
我在电视上看到一则关于锅碗瓢盆的广告。00:13-00:20

go shopping for new cookware 买新厨具 ★★

2. 例句：when people went shopping for new cookware, they just didn’t want to spend all th
at money .
当人们去买新厨具的时候，他们不想花那么多钱。00:45-01：00

extra cost 高出的价格 ★★

save you money in the long run 从长远来看替你省钱 ★★★
3. 例句：she went on to explain that the extra cost was worthwhile, because,they actually
saved you money in the long run.
她继续解释说高出的价格很值，因为从长远来看这能替你省钱。01：00-01：13

come with a special lifetime warranty 附赠终生保修 ★★★

4. 例句：they came with a special lifetime warranty。
产品终生保修。01：14-01：21

86
TPO 29 Task 6

potential customer 潜在客户 ★★

1. 例句：most potential customers have already bought it.
大多数潜在客户都已经买过了。00：13-00：16

diversify/ develop or diverse product 增加产品多样性 ★★★

2. 例句：In this situation, many companies will try to diversify, um, to develop or diverse
product in order to increase sales.
在这种情况下，许多公司为了提高销售额都会尝试去增加产品的多样性。00：22-00：
32

existing technological resources 现有技术资源 ★★

3. 例句：There are a couple of efficient ways that a company can diversify using some of thei
r existing resources.
公司还有很多有效的方法，使用现有技术资源来增加多样性。00：32-00：38

monitor 显示屏 ★
4. 例句：So the company can use its existing technological resources to make the monitors.
所以公司可以使用现有技术资源来制造显示屏。01：07-01：13

appeal to its existing customers 吸引现有顾客 ★★

customer base 客户群 ★★★
5. 例句：Another way a company can diversify is to try to appeal to its existing customers, its
customer base with a new product.
另一个增加多样性的方法是吸引现有顾客。01：23-01：31

ski jacket 滑雪外套★★

6. 例句：So they might start making ski jackets.
他们可能开始生产滑雪外套。01：50-01：53

87
TPO 33 Task 6

start up a business 开一间公司 ★★

encounter a lot of obstacles 遇到很多问题 ★★
1. 例句：so last time we were talking about the processes of starting up a business on your
own. And how new business owners often encounter a lot of obstacles.
上次我们说到在自己开公司的过程中会遇到很多问题。00：08-00：19

provide training to sb 给某人培训 ★★★

2. 例句：the company provides training to you and all of your employees.
公司会给你和你的员工提供培训。00：41-00：49

Open up a new division of a restaurant 开一间餐厅分店 ★★

3. 例句：He’s opening up a new division of a restaurant .01:39-01:44

take food order 接收食物订单 ★★

operate the restaurant 经营餐厅 ★★
4. 例句：they'll train you and your employees in how to take food orders, plus everything
about how to operate the restaurant .
他们会训练你和你的员工如何接收订单，还有如何经营餐厅。01:05-01:21

the established customer base 现有客户群 ★★★

5. 例句：Another advantage of franchising is the established customer base .
另一个取得专卖权的优势是可以得到品牌的现有客户群。01:21-01:31

be confident of its quality 对产品质量有信心 ★★★

6. 例句：they'll be confident of its quality.
他们对产品质量有信心。01：33-01：39

88
TPO 39 Task 4

Provide judgment 提供判断 ★★

Objective 客观的 ★★
Unbiased 没有偏见的 ★★
One common signaling strategy is to have a person or company that is not involved in the
sale provides an objective, unbiased judgment about the quality of a product. （阅读）
一种常见的给信号策略是让一个不参与到买卖的专家对产品的质量提供一个客观，没有
偏见的判断。

gemstone 宝石 ★
1. 例句：it’s all real gold, real diamonds, and other precious gemstones.
全都是真的黄金、钻石和其它一些贵重的宝石。00：12-00：25

reassure the customers 让顾客放心 ★★★

a jewelry expert 一位珠宝专家 ★★
2. 例句：in order to reassure her customers, she had a jewelry expert come in.
为了让顾客放心，她请了一位珠宝专家。00:47-00:57

have ...years of experience in sth 在某事上有...年经验 ★★

3. 例句：This expert has twenty years of experience in examining jewelry.
这位专家在检验珠宝方面的二十年的经验。00:57-01:04

authentic 真实，地道 ★★★

4. 例句：the expert certified that they were authentic.
这位专家断定它们都是真的。01：04-01：12

put up a sign 贴告示牌 ★★

5. 例句：my friend put up a sign in the store.
我朋友在店里贴出告示。01:12-01:22

89
TPO 44 Task 4

Business 公司，企业 ★
perform services 提供服务 ★★
carry out projects 执行项目 ★★
come to an agreement with their clients 和客户达成协议★★★
Businesses that perform services or carry out projects for clients generally come to an
agreement with their clients about the extent or scope of a project before beginning the
project.
为客户提供服务或执行项目的公司通常会在开展项目前，就服务的范围和客户达成协
议。（阅读）

as a project progresses 随着项目的进行 ★★

the scope of the project 项目的范围 ★★
As a project progresses, and the scope of the project may grow larger than intended.
随着项目的进行，项目的范围可以会变得比意料中的要大。

cause conflict between ... and ...引起...之间的矛盾 ★★

it can cause conflict between businesses and their clients. 这可能引发公司和客户之间的矛
盾。（阅读）

own a company 拥有一家公司 ★

do construction 做建筑 ★★
1. 例句：I have a friend owns a company that does construction.
我有一个朋友，他有一家公司，是做建筑的。00:05-00:10

make improvements to sth. 提升/改进某物 ★★

2. 例句：His company are often hired to make improvements to someone's house or yard.
经常有人请他的公司去改造房子或者院子。00：10-00：14

build a fence around the yard 绕院子建围栏 ★★

3. 例句：this woman hired him to build a fence around her yard.
有个女人请他去绕着院子建一圈围栏。00：14-00：18

settled on a price for the job 为任务确定价格★★

4. 例句：She and my friend quickly settled on a price for the job.
她跟我的朋友敲定了这项工程的价格。00：22-00：25

made a verbal agreement 达成口头协议★★★

put the agreement in writing 形成书面协议 ★★

90
5. 例句：They basically just made a verbal agreement about the work that will be done withou
t putting any of the agreement in writing.
他们就这项工程达成了口头协议，而没有形成书面协议。00：25-00：31

charge extra 额外收费 ★★

6. 例句：my friend agreed to paint the fence without charging extra.
我的朋友同意把围栏刷漆，但没有额外收费。00：58-01：01

91
TPO 48 Task 6

negatively affect the environment 对环境有消极的影响 ★★

1.例句：let's talk about two ways advertising can be seen to negatively affect the
environment.
让我们来谈谈广告对环境的两种消极影响。00：22-00：28

waste natural resources 浪费自然资源 ★★★ 2.

例句：One way is by wasting natural resources.
第一种途径是浪费自然资源。00：28-00：38

advertise a kitchen renovation service 给厨房改造服务做广告 ★★

3.例句：I got a piece of mail advertising a kitchen renovation service.
我得到一件快递是给厨房改造服务做广告的。00：42-00：48

remodel your kitchen 翻新厨房 ★★

change the floors 换地板★
add new cupboards or appliances 增加新厨柜或电器★
4. 例句：A whole big booklet, lots of paper, about different ways to remodel your kitchen:
changing the floors, adding new cupboards or appliances.
一整本大册子，很多张纸，是关于翻新厨房的：换地板，增加新厨柜或电器。00:48-01:04

huge billboard 巨大的广告牌 ★★

5. 例句：There are big advertisements on the side of roads, huge billboards.
在路边有巨大的广告牌。01：50-01：57

Block the view 阻挡视线 ★★

6. 例句：there are large advertisements blocking their view of the landscape.
有大的广告牌阻挡了人们看风景的视线。01:29-01:38

get in the way 妨碍 ★★★

7. 例句：The billboard gets in the way.
广告牌挡住视线。02:13-02:16

distract ...from...分散注意力 ★★
8. 例句：The billboard distracts people from the natural beauty .
广告牌分散人们欣赏自然美的注意力。01：38-01：41

92
TPO Extra 1 Task 6

believe the exaggeration 相信夸张内容 ★★

1. 例句：advertisers can exaggerate as long as no one's gonna actually believe the
exaggeration .
只要没有人相信夸张的内容是真的，广告商可以夸张。00:30-00:34

extreme exaggeration 极端的夸张 ★★★

2. 例句：the exaggeration has to be very extreme.
广告里面的夸张内容必须非常夸张。00:36-00:40

get the point across 传达意思 ★★

3. 例句：they wanted to get the point across about how light the vacuum cleaner was .
他们想要让消费者知道他们的吸尘器非常轻。00:56-01:00

float in the air 漂在空中 ★★

4. 例句：vacuum cleaner floats in the air.
吸尘器在半空中浮着。01:00-01:05

legal commercial 合法广告 ★★

5.例句：The commercial was legal.
广告是合法的。01:15-01:18

clean carpet 清洁地毯 ★

6.例句：the vacuum cleaner cleaned this really big and really dirty carpet in a few seconds.
吸尘器在短短几秒内清洁这个很大的很脏的地毯。01:30-01:41

93
Extra 3 Task 4

avoid extreme options 避免极端选择 ★★★

Many consumers have a natural tendency to avoid extreme options (阅读)
许多公司都有避免极端的选择的自然倾向

coffee maker 咖啡机 ★★

1. 例句：the company had only two models of coffee makers .a cheap low-priced model and
then an average everyday model that was sturdier and better made.
公司只有两种型号的咖啡机,一个便宜廉价的型号还有一个做得更加好更加坚固的型
号。00:22-00:33

average everyday model 普通的型号 ★★

2. 例句：the company had three coffee makers on the market. A cheap model, the average
everyday model, and now the fancy model.
公司有三种型号的咖啡机：一个便宜的型号，一个普通的型号，一个高质量的型号。
01:02-01:11

sales go up 销售量增加 ★★★

3. 例句：The sales of its average everyday model went up.
一般型号的销售量增加了。01:19-01:24

94
 社会学科词汇

TPO25 Task 4

new technology emerges 新技术出现 ★★★

As a result, when new technology emerges, people may struggle for a time to adapt to it. (阅
读)
因此，当新的科技出现的时候，人们可能会有很长一段时间的适应。

much easier and faster 一种更便捷快速的沟通方式 ★★

available at the time 当时可获得的 ★★
1. 例句：It was a much easier and faster way of communicating than anything else available a
t the time.
它比起其他当时市场上的产品来说是一种更便捷快速的沟通方式。0:10-0:17

productive 高产的 ★★★

2. 例句：businesses realized how the telephone could benefit them, how it could help them b
e more productive.
商业人士意识到电话对他们的帮助，怎么帮助他们提高效率。0:26-0:32

personal connection 与人沟通的感觉 ★★

3. 例句：They missed the sense of personal connection they got from meeting someone.
相对比起面对面的交流，电话缺乏个人情感的链接。 0:52-0:55

change… minds 改变了他们的心意 ★★

4. 例句：However, as we all know, people gradually changed their minds about the telephone.
但是，就如我们知道的一样，人们对电话的印象逐渐改变了。 0:55-1:01

rules of politeness 同意某些礼貌的规矩 ★★

make phone calls 打电话 ★★★
5. 例句：And after everyone agreed on certain rules of politeness, such as not calling someon
e late at night, no one considered it rude anymore to make personal phone calls.
只要每个人都同意某些礼貌的规矩，比如不要在深夜打电话给别人，没有觉得打电话给
别人是一个无礼的行为。1:20-1:30

95
TPO2 Task 4

Take…into account 把…考虑在内 ★★

People take each other into account in their daily behavior. (阅读)
人们在日常生活中的日常行为会受到别人的影响。

alter the way people behave 改变人们的行为方式 ★★★

the presence of others tends to alter the way people behave or perform the activity. (阅读)
其他人的存在改变了我们行为的方式。

increase the speed 提高速度 ★★

1. 例句：when we know we are being watched as we performed some activity, we tend to
increase the speed at which we perform that activity.
当我们在完成任务被观察的时候，我们会有意识到地提高我们完成任务的速度。
0:31-0:39

shoes with laces 有花边的鞋子 ★★

tie shoes 绑鞋带 ★★
2. 例句：In one study, college students were asked to each put on a pair of shoes, shoes with
laces they would have to tie.
一个实验中，大学生被要求去穿上鞋子而且需要绑鞋带。0:39-0:47

Aware/ be conscious of 意识到 ★★

3. 例句：The students, who were aware that they were being watched, actually tied their shoe
s much faster than the students who thought they were alone.
比起不知道自己正在被观察的学生，知道的学生真的以更快的速度绑鞋带。0:55-1:04

Rate 速度 ★★
4. 例句：When they are conscious of being observed, they'll likely begin typing at a much
faster rate than they would if they were alone.
比起他们独自一人，当他们意识到自己被观察，他们开始以更快的速度去打字。1:14-1:22

Common behavior 常见行为 ★★

5. 例句：the study also showed that certain common behavior, things people typically do like
making mistakes when you're learning something new.
研究表明某些常见行为，比如在学习新知识过程中犯错。1:22-1:33

96
 艺术历史学词汇

TPO 4 Task 6
appeal to 引起 ★★
combine elements 结合元素 ★★★
1. 例句：In order for art to communicate, to appeal to the emotions or the intellect, it has to
combine various visual elements to express meaning or emotion.
为了让艺术能更好表达情感，更好地引起感情或者智力上的共鸣，它需要把不同的视觉
元素结合在一起才能更好的表达这种情感。0:06-0:22

convey meanings 传达意思 ★★

2. 例句；You all know from experience that different colors appeal in different ways to the
senses and can convey different meanings.
经验告诉我们不同的颜色能以不同的方式引起共鸣，传达不同的意思。0:46-0:54

Conjure up ★★
3. 例句：The color red, for example, is a strong color, and can conjure up strong emotions
such as extreme joy or excitement or even anger.
比如红色，一种强烈的颜色，能呼唤强烈的情感，比如极端的开心，兴奋甚至愤怒。
1:01-1:12

create the illusion of texture 激发对材质的想象 ★★★

4. 例句：The way an artist paints certain areas of the painting can create the illusion of texture,
an object’s smoothness or roughness or softness.
画家在油画某个地方的创造能激发对材质的想象，这个物体的柔滑，粗糙还有软硬。
1:43-1:51

Rough texture 粗糙的质地 ★★ S

mooth texture 顺滑的质地 ★★
evoke 呼唤某种特定情绪 ★★
5. 例句：A rough texture can evoke stronger emotions and strength while a smooth texture is
more calming and less emotional.
粗燥的质地能呼唤某种强调的情感和力量，然而光滑的质地使人感到平静，更没有那么
情绪化。1:51-1:59

brush stokes 笔触 ★
pale 苍白的 ★
6. 例 句 ：Well, these elements together can convey a wilder more chaotic emotion in the vi
ewer than, more than say a painting with tiny, smooth brush stokes and soft or pale colors. 比
起一副小的，光滑画笔，苍白颜色的绘画，这些元素结合在观众眼里一些能传达更加混乱
的情感。2:19-2:32

97
TPO9 Task 4

Camera shots 相机镜头 ★★

Film directors use different types of camera shots for specific purposes. (阅读)
电影导演用不同的相机镜头去拍摄不同的场景。

Take a scene 拍摄场景 ★

Provide context 提供背景信息 ★★
An establishing shot is an image shown briefly at the beginning of a scene, usually taken fro
m far away, that is used to provide context for the rest of the scene. (阅读)
一个固定镜头就是一个一开始会在电影开头出现的画面，通常是从远距离拍摄，同时也
会给后面的剧情提供背景信息。

Establish 营造 ★★
It also establishes the mood or feeling of the scene. (阅读)
它会为具体的场景营造一种特定的氛围或感觉。

skyscraper 摩天大楼 ★
old-fashioned 过时的，落后的 ★★
1. 例句：There were lots of buildings, tall ones, skyscrapers, and the cars and signs on the city
streets looked old fashioned, like they were from the past, like the 1940s.
那里有很多旧的建筑大厦，高的摩天大楼，而且街上的车和指示牌看起来都非常过时，
就像它们来自很久以前，像 40 年代的风格。0:26-0:37

create…feeling 营造…感觉 ★★★

2. 例句：All of these details were together to create a dark, gloomy, mysterious feeling.
这些细节一起能营造一种黑暗，忧郁，神秘的感觉。1:02-1:09

Detective 侦探 ★
3. 例句：So then, when the action started and it showed detectives talking to each other in the
office.
因此，当电影开始和镜头展示着两个侦探在办公室聊天。1:09-1:15

98
TPO11 Task 4

work outside society 远离社会工作 ★★

Outsider Art is a term used to describe art that is made by people who choose to live and
work outside society. (阅读)
局外人艺术是用来描述远离社会生活和工作的艺术家的艺术作品。

work in isolation 独自工作 ★★

formal training 没有任何正式的绘画训练 ★★
The artists who produce this kind of art – Outsider Artists – work in isolation from other a
rtists and have little or no formal artistic training. （阅读）
这些艺术家通常都是独自创作而且没有任何正式的绘画训练。

Unconventional 非传统的 ★★★

As a result of the unconventional methods that Outsider Artists often use, their work can look
strange (阅读)
因为局外人用到的非传统方法，很多他们的作品看起来都很奇怪。

create paintings 画画 ★
1. 例句：He had no friends and spent all his spare time alone creating hundreds of paintings
and drawings.
他没有朋友，把所有的空闲时间都花在独自创作成千上万的画画。0:15-0:21

water-color painting 水彩画 ★

illustrate a story 描述了一个故事 ★★
2. 例句：For example, one piece, it’s a water-color painting, in this piece he illustrates a stor
y, about the adventure of seven children.
比如，其中一个作品，是一副水彩画。这幅画描述一个 7 个小孩冒险的故事。0:38-0:50

Come up with 想出 ★★
3. 例句：Yet he managed to come up with his own rather unique solution for the problem.
但是他用他自己独特的方法成功解决了问题。0:51-0:55

cut out 剪出 ★
paste 张贴 ★
4. 例句：He simply cut out pictures of children from newspapers and magazines and pasted
them into his own painted illustrations of trees, flowers and grass.
他就是简单地从报纸和杂志上剪出小孩的图片然后张贴到自己的想要描述的树，花，草
上面。0:55-1:05

99
no spaces left empty 没有空白空间 ★★
5. 例句：its entire surface is painted and there are no spaces left empty.
它的整个表面都被填满，没有任何空白的空间。1:16-1:20

100
TPO 11 Task 6

interior design 室内设计 ★★

basic principles 基本原则 ★★
460.例句：So we’re talking about interior design, uh, specifically the basic principles
typically used in home and office decoration in the United States.
我们正在讨论室内设计，具体来说是美国人在家和办公室里面用到的装修基本原则。
0-0:11

create balance 创造平衡 ★★★

a break in unity 打破统一 ★★
1. 例句：Effective designs create a delicate balance between two things: you need unity and
you also need contrast, which is essentially a break in unity.
有效的设计能创造在两件事情上面做到精美的平衡：统一和对比，对比基本上就是打破
统一。0:11-0:25

elements 结合类似的元素 ★
match colors 匹配色彩 ★★
2. 例句：Well, an easy and very effective way to do this is by bringing together similar
elements, uh, common example is by matching colors.
一种简单而有效的方法就是把相似的元素结合在一起，场景的例子就是颜色上面的统
一。 0:40-0:49

a light shade of green 淡绿色 ★

fabric 布料 ★★
3. 例句：Say, you pick green and then use a light shade of green for the walls, and maybe a
somewhat darker shade for the fabric on the sofa.
比如，你选择绿色作为主题颜色，墙的颜色用是的淡绿色，沙发就用更深的绿色。
0:53-1:02

rug 地毯 ★
compliment 锦上添花 ★★
4. 例句：and finally compliment that with a matching green rug.
最后再锦上添花地加上绿色地毯。1:02-1:06

order and comfort 有序而舒服 ★★★

5. 例句：When elements match, the room is unified and gives its resident a sense of order and
comfort.
如果颜色匹配，整个房间是统一的，这样给到住的人一种有序而且舒服的感觉。1:06-1:13

101
break up unity 打破统一性 ★★
intentional 故意的
6. 例句：Contrast serves to disrupt or break up unity in places, but, in a careful and intentiona
l way.
对比指的就是小心，刻意地打乱统一性。1:36-1:45

Color scheme 配色方案 ★★

7. 例句：To create contrast, color contrast, you need to abruptly change your color scheme
once in a while.
想要创造对比，颜色上的对比，你需要时不时彻底改变你的配色方案。1:50-1:57

Chaotic 混乱的 ★★★

8. 例句：Too much contrast will make the room feel busy, chaotic.
太多的对比会使得房间显得很忙，很混乱。2:23-2:27

102
TPO 37 Task 6

invention of …的发明 ★
record 记录 ★★
1. 例句：with the invention of the camera in the mid to late 1800s, for the first time people
were able to record realistic images.
有了 1800 年中期相机的发明，人们第一次能够真实地记录画面。0:15-0:22

have an enormous effect on…对…产生巨大影响 ★★

2. 例句：this machine that took realistic images and this had an enormous effect on painting.
摄影相机对绘画有着很大的影响。0:38-0:44

paint realistically 真实地绘画 ★★★

3. 例句：One effect was that painters began using photographs as a tool; a tool to help them
paint more realistically.
其中一种影响是画家开始用摄影作为一种艺术，一种可以帮助他们画的更加真实的艺
术。0:45-0:51

depict a moving object 描绘一个移动物件 ★★ c

apture fleeting moments 捕捉即逝的瞬间 ★★★
freeze in time 定格时间 ★★
use…as a basis 用…作为基础 ★★
4. 例句：Before the camera, it was extremely difficult to realistically depict a moving object i
n a painting, but now photography was able to capture fleeting moments; freeze them in time
and painters were able to use these photographs as a basis for their paintings.
相机发明之前想要真实地描绘一个移动中的物体是非常难的，但是现在摄影技术能够捕
捉即逝的瞬间，把画面定格然后画家就可以用这个画面作为基础去画画。0:52-1:08

a horse's legs in midair 半空中的马腿 ★★

5. 例句：For example, the legs of a horse as its running.
比如说，画家要画半空中的马腿。1:09-1:13

Contrast…with… 作对比 ★★
Set…apart from 将…区别开来 ★★
6. 例句：An abstract style enabled painters to contrast their art with photography, to set their
art apart from the art of photography.
抽象的风格允许画家去对比艺术，把他们自己的风格跟图片区分起来。1:39-1:47

103
abstract 抽象 ★★
7. 例句：They wanted their art to be more imaginative, more abstract.
他们想要他们的艺术看起来更加有创造力，更加抽象。1:51-1:57

unnatural skin tones 非自然的肤色 ★★

8. 例句：For example, if a painter were painting people he or she might not use natural skin
tones for the skin and instead paint the people's skin unnatural colors.
比如，如果画家在画人，她不会用到自然皮肤的色调，她会用非自然的肤色去画。
1:57-2:07

104
Extra 4 Task 6

Hold…attention 保持注意力 ★★★

Create suspense 创造悬念 ★★★
1. 例句：So today let’s talk about something a film can do to hold the viewer’s attention. T
he film can create suspense.
因此今天我们要学一下的是在电影中怎么样可以保持观众的注意力，创造悬念。
0:07-0:15

Resolution 结局 ★★
2. 例句：The most familiar form of suspense is when you don’t know the end of the story;
what the resolution will be.
我们最熟悉的悬念就是我们不知道故事的结局，最终发生了什么事。0:38-0:45

buried gold 被埋葬的黄金 ★★

3. 例句：You might have a film about oh two characters searching for buried gold, each one i
s trying to reach the gold first.
电影里面的两个角色都想找到埋葬起来的黄金，争取第一个找到。0:46-0:54

ahead 领先 ★★★
find clue 找到线索 ★★
4. 例句：One will be ahead in one scene but uh in the next scene, uh the other will find an
important clue.
一个角色在第一个场景领先着但下一幕另外一个角色找到重要线索。0:55-1:00

get there 到达那里 ★

5. 例句：A film can create suspense about how the film is going to get there.
观众会好奇这个结局怎么来的，这样可以创造悬念。1:17-1:22

Pass each other 插肩而过 ★★

6. 例句：Suspense is created when you see these two strangers pass each other on the street.
当你看到两个陌生人在街上插肩而过的时候悬念就创造起来了。1:43-1:48

105
 考古学科词汇

TPO 35 Task 6

Pottery 陶瓷 ★
Fabric 布料 ★
1. 例句：Stuff like old pottery, old tools, even sometimes bits of old fabric.
像陶瓷，旧的工具，甚至一些旧的布料的东西。0:14-0:18

Artifact 手工艺品 ★★★

wear away 磨损 ★★
2. 例句：But why are some artifacts reserve well enough for thousands of years? Well others
just wear away and just disappear?
但是为什么有一些手工艺品就能够很好保存成千上万年？其他的很容易的磨损或者直
接消失掉呢？0:23-0:32

cause decay 引起衰退，造成腐蚀 ★★★

3. 例句：Artifacts are preserved better in an environment where the bacteria that causes decay
are less likely to grow.
手工艺品在造成腐蚀的细菌不容易生长的地方保存的比较好。0:39-0：46

discourage 抑制 ★★
4. 例句：So let’s look at two environmental conditions that discourage bacteria growth and
thus help preserve archeological artifacts.
今天我们来讨论一下两种抑制细菌生长的环境条件，从而更好帮助保存古代文物。
0:47-0:55

inhibit 抑制 ★★
aridity 干旱 ★★
5. 例句：One environmental condition that inhibits bacterial growth and helps preserve
artifacts is aridity, lack of moisture.
其中一个能抑制细菌生长帮助保存文物的环境因素是干旱，没有水分。0:55-1:05

tombs 坟墓 ★★
6. 例句：For example, in the desert of Egypt, archeologists have found tombs more than 2
thousand years old with brightly color wall paintings in them.
比如在埃及的沙漠上，考古学者找到一些 2 千年旧的坟墓，但里面壁画的颜色依旧鲜亮。
1:21-1:30

106
sink 下沉 ★★
settled into the mud 沉入泥中 ★
7. 例句：archaeologists found an ancient ship that has sunk, and settled into the mud at the
bottom of the Mediterranean Sea.
考古学家找到一艘船，沉到海里，沉入在地中海底部的泥中。2:03-2:09

Vase 花瓶 ★
Intact 完整 ★★
8. 例句：The ship was carry vases, and the vases are still intact and remarkably well
preserved.
船上有花瓶，这些花瓶依然非常完整和保存地很好。2:09-2:16

107
 地理学科词汇

TPO25 Task 6

living organisms 活的有机物 ★★

1. 例句：and also conditions such as temperature change as well as to living organism.
生存条件比如像温度的改变和活的有机物。0:18-0:23

Weathering 风化作用 ★★
2. 例句：And this exposure to the environment can actually cause even huge rocks to break
into smaller pieces. This process is called weathering.
长期暴露在这种环境上会最终导致大的石头分裂成小的石头。这个过程叫做风化作用。
0:23-0:29

crack 缝隙 ★★★
3. 例句：Um, imagine a rock with a small opening or crack in it.
想象一下一个石头上面有很多缝隙。0:51-0:55

temperature drops 降温 ★★
freeze 结冰★★
4. 例句：Then, at night, the temperature drops and water inside the crack freezes.
晚上，温度下降，缝隙里面的水结冰。0:59-1:04

pushes outward 对…施加外推压力 ★★★

5. 例句：This growing, expanding ice pushes outward on either side of the crack causing it to
get slightly bigger.
扩大中的冰块不断在缝隙的两边扩张，导致缝隙变得越来越大。1:04-1:10

Extend down 延伸 ★★★

water and nutrients 寻找水分和营养 ★★
6. 例句：As the tree grows over the years, the tree’s roots extend downward into the crack a
nd crevasses of the rock in search of water and nutrients.
树在生长的过程中，它的根会不断往石头的缝隙中延伸，寻找着水分和营养。1:45-1:53

widen the crack 加宽缝隙 ★★

break apart 分裂，裂开 ★★
7. 例句：Over time, the roots get bigger and grow deeper, widening and enlarging the cracks,
causing the rock to break apart.
随着时间的过去，树的根变得越来越大，长得越来越深，加宽了缝隙，导致石头最终裂
开。1:53-2:00

108
TPO 28 Task 6

permanent 永久的 ★
1. 例句：But in fact, lakes aren’t permanent.
但是事实上，湖泊不是永久的。0:13-0:16

natural process 自然过程 ★★

2. 例句：Sometimes they disappear through natural processes, and sometimes because of
human activities.
有时湖泊是通过自然过程的消失的，有时是人类活动导致的。0:18-0:23

fill in 填充/ fill up 填满 ★★★

organic sediment 有机沉淀 ★★
3. 例句：First let’s look at one way that lakes can disappear naturally, and that is, by gradual
ly getting filled in with organic sediment.
首先我们看看湖泊自然消失的过程，那就是，湖泊被有机物的沉淀逐渐填满了。0:24-0:32

muddy substance 泥泞物 ★★

4. 例句：When the plants die, they break down into a muddy substance.
当植物死去了，它们会分解成泥泞物。0:33-0:40

irrigate crops 灌溉庄稼 ★★

5. 例句：For example, we know that farmers need water to irrigate their crops.比如，我们知
道农民需要水去灌溉他们的庄稼。1:11-1:15

install pipe 装水管 ★★

pump…out of 从…抽水 ★★
6. 例句：They install pipes that run from the lake to their farms, and they pump the water out
of the lake and into their fields.
他们在湖泊和农场之间安装了水管，然后从湖泊中抽水到他们的田地里。1:21-1:27

refill 重新填满 ★★★

dry up 干涸 ★★
7. 例句：if there isn’t enough rainwater or stream water to replace the water the farmers tak
e out of the lake, the lake will eventually dry up.
如果没有足够的雨水或者溪水及时补充农民抽走的水的话，湖泊最终会干涸。1:35-1:43

109
Extra 3 Task 6

Stick to 粘住 ★★
1. 例句：Some types of fruit have a feature that causes them to stick to animal fur.
有些果实有一种特征允许它们去粘住动物的毛。0:45-0:50

Attach… to 依附 ★★
2. 例句：the fruit attaches itself to the animals’ fur, then the animal walks on.
果实会依附在动物的毛上，然后动物就离开了。0:55-1:00

Burdock 牛蒡 ★
hook onto 钩住 ★★
3. 例句：The fruit of the Burdock plant has a little hook-like feature that helps it hook onto
and stick to the fur of passing animals.
牛蒡的果实有一个类似钩一样的特征，可以帮助它们钩住和粘住经过的动物的皮毛。
1:10-1:18

spread the seeds 传播种子 ★★★

4. 例句：Thus helping to spread the seeds of the burdock plant.
这样可以帮助传播牛蒡的种子。1:24-1:27

float 浮着 ★★
5. 例句：Okay, and other types of fruit have a feature that enables the fruit to float in water.
另外一种果实有的特征是它们可以在水中漂浮着。1:27-1:34

wooden covering 木的表面 ★★

6. 例句：Coconuts have a thick wooden covering, so the coconut can float through water.
椰子有一层很厚的木的表面，因此椰子可以在水中漂浮着。1:48-1:55

disperse 传播 ★★
7. 例句：they can float away in the ocean, which helps disperse the palm trees seeds.
它们可以在海洋中漂浮着，帮助传播棕榈树的种子。1:58-2:03

110
 历史学科词汇

TPO 17 Task 6
Diffusion 扩散，传播 ★★
military conquest 军事征服 ★
satellite TV shows 卫星电视节目 ★
1. 例句：Now diffusion can occur through a variety of ways: military conquest or tourism or
even something like the influence of satellite TV shows around the world.
文化的扩散可以通过很多方式实现：军事征服，旅游业或者全球卫星电视节目的影响。
0:42-0:54

share across cultures 跨文化分享 ★★★

2. 例句：These innovations from all over the world were shared across cultures over time, an
d so today we have newspapers in the US.
这些来自全球各地的创新想法随着时间的推移，被跨文化分享，因此今天在美国，我们
有了报纸。1:19-1:29

Selevtive 有选择性的 ★★
3. 例句：Now I’m not saying that diffusion happens easily, as I mentioned, sometimes it’s
selective.
实现文化扩散并不简单，就像我提到的一样，有时候是挑选地扩散。1:36-1:44

Practice 惯例 ★★★
acupuncture 针灸 ★★
4. 例句：For instance, many people in the US have accepted the practice of acupuncture.
比如很多美国人都接受针灸的惯例。1:44-1:50

cure disease 治病 ★★
relieve pain 缓解疼痛 ★★
5. 例句：The Chinese practice of using needles to cure disease or relieve pain.
中国人用针治疗疾病和疼痛的传统方法。1:50-1:54

Resist idea 抵触想法 ★★

Foreign 外国的，不同的 ★
6. 例句：Cultures tend to resist ideas that seem to foreign, too different from their own beliefs
and values.
文化会抵触跟它们本身太不同的，太外国的想法。 2:07-2:15

111
Incorporate 包含，吸收 ★★
Diffuse 扩散 ★★
7. 例句：But the ideas which aren’t perceived as too different, are often incorporated,
absorbed, diffused into their culture.
但是不是太异国的的文化经常会被包含，吸收，和扩散到自身文化中。2:15-2:24

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TPO 21 Task 6

Industrial Revolution 工业革命 ★★

steam-powered machine 蒸汽机器 ★★
1. 例 句 ：Back in the18th century, in a time known as the Industrial Revolution, some
countries, well, England in particular, started using new technology, like steam-powered
machines to produce goods.
在 18 世纪，工业革命发生的年代，一些国家，特别是应该，开始使用新的科技，比如
蒸汽机器去生产商品。0:08-0:21

center of production 生产中心 ★★

2. 例句：One change was that the center of production moved from homes to factories.
其中一个改变是生产中心从家里移到工厂。0:28-0:34

weave cloth 织布 ★★
3. 例句：But then these new steam-powered machines for weaving cloth were invented and
placed in factories.
然而这些用来织布的蒸汽机器被放置到工厂中。0:45-0:51

shift from…to 从…转型到… ★★★

home-based 以家庭为主的 ★★
4. 例句：Thus the majority of cloth productions shifted from home-based businesses to factor
y production.
大多数的布料生产从家族生意转型到工厂生产。1:01-1:07

spread all over 扩散至整个 ★★

congregate 聚集 ★★★
5. 例句：So instead of spreading all over the country side, the workers started to congregate i
n the village with the factory.
工人开始在乡村工厂里面聚集而不是扩散到乡村的其他地方。1:28-1:35

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TPO 27 Task 6

limited to 受限于 ★★
1. 例句：So, most cities of the ancient world tended to be small, often limited to the banks of
a river.
很多城市在旧时代都是比较小的，经常受限与河流的岸边。 0:07-0:13

have very little means 没有办法 ★★

2. 例句：They had very little means to expand.
他们没有办法去扩张。0:13-0:16

advanced building materials 先进的建筑材料 ★★★

3. 例句：One development that will allow Roman cities to grow was their advanced buildin
g materials.
一种允许罗马城市去扩张的优势是他们先进的建筑材料。 0:38-0:43

concrete 水泥 ★★
harden 变硬 ★★
4. 例句：The Romans developed a special kind of concrete, a building material that would
harden under water.
罗马有一种特殊的水泥，一种建筑材料，一碰水就会变硬。 0:44-0:49

wagons and carts 马车和货车 ★

5. 例句：bridges that were big enough to transport equipment and materials with wagons and
carts.
足够大的桥去用马车和火车运输设备和材料。1:02-1:07

aqueducts 渡槽 ★★
open channels 开放的水渠 ★
6. 例句：Now, aqueducts are series of open channels.
渡槽是一系列开放的水渠。1:31-1:35

drop in altitude 水顺着海拔滑下 ★

steady flow 稳定的水流 ★★
7. 例句：They were carefully planned and built so the steady drop in altitude provides the
steady flow of water to cities.
渡槽经过需要是经过精心的设计，因此水能顺着海拔滑下，为城市提供稳定的水流。
1:39-1:46

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TPO 38 Task 6

ancient civilization 古代文明 ★★

1. 例句：Let’s talk about a couple of the changes that happened as the economies of ancient
civilizations developed.
今天我们要讨论一下在古代文明发生的几个经济改变。 0:23-0:29

goods and services 食物和服务 ★★

2. 例句：One of the key economic changes was in the way that people paid for goods and
services.
其中一种改变就是人们付款食物和服务的方式。0:29-0:35

Bake bread 烤面包 ★★

3. 例句：So, for example, say a man who baked bread wanted a new coat.
比如，一个烤面包的男人想要一件新的大衣。0:53-0:57

monetary system 货币系统 ★

coat maker 做大衣的人 ★
4. 例句：Well, with a monetary system, the man could buy a new coat from the coat maker
with money.
有了一个金融系统，这个男人可以轻易用钱像做大衣的人买这件大衣。0:57-1:02

acquire items from far away 远距离获取物品 ★★★

5. 例句：Now, another economic change was that ancient civilizations began to acquire items
from far away.
另外一个经济改变是古代文明开始从远距离的地方获取物品。1:08-1:15

silk fabric 丝绸 ★
6. 例句：For example, the ancient Romans never had silk fabric until they started trading with
the Chinese.
比如说，古代的罗马人从来都没有丝绸，直到他们开始跟中国人贸易。1:28-1:35

highly prized 被看作很珍贵的 ★★

7. 例句：they could acquire silk, which was highly prized by the Romans because you just
couldn't get it anywhere nearby.
他们获得的丝绸是非常珍贵的，因为在本地都找不到。1:40-1:47

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