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cronica
Neoplasmele
mieloproliferative (MPN):
grup de afectiuni clonale,
secundare unor mutatii
gen eti ce surv enite la
nivelul progenitorilor
celulelor hematopietice, cu
proliferare crescuta, cu
cresterea in sangele
periferic a:
n Leucocitelor
n Eritrocitelor
n Trombocitelor
Scurt istoric LMC
Janet Rowley
Peter Nowell
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1960
A
minute
chromosome
in
human
granulocy2c
…the
findings
suggest
a
causal
leukemia.
Science
132,
rela+onship
between
the
1960,
1497.
chromosome
abnormality
P.C.
Nowell,
D.A.
Hungerford,
observed
and
chronic
University
of
Pennsylvania
in
granulocy7c
leukemia…
Philadelphia
n Clasificarea WHO (World Health
Organization) 2008 Neoplasmelor
Mieloproliferative:
7
Incidenta in LMC
reprezinta 15% din totalul cazurilor de leucemie diagnosticate la adult
Incidenta
in
raport
cu
varsta
Age
• Incidenta
=
1
-‐
2
pacien2/
100,000
cazuri
8
Patogeneza
Proliferare clonala crescuta a celulelor hematopoietice pluripotente,
dar cu pastrarea capacitatii de diferentiere si maturare
p190BCR-ABL
p210BCR-ABL
p230BCR-ABL
Efecte ale oncoproteinei bcr/abl:
Instabilitate genomica
Anomalii ale
citoscheletului
Manifestari clinice:
2) faza accelerata
3) puseu blastic
Ø Nu toti pacientii respecta ordinea faza cronica ---- faza accelerata ---- puseu blastic.
Semne si simptome pentru boala progresiva:
e1
b2
a2
b2a2
p210
e1
b2
b3
a2
b3a2
p210
e1
a2
e1a2
p190
e1
e19
a2
e19a2
p230
LMC: diagnostic de laborator
n Hemograma
n FAL (Fosfataza Alcalina Leucocitara)
n Medulograma
n Hemograma:
- leucocitoza importanta cu neutrofilie, PLT↑, Hb
↓
- deviere la stanga a formulei leucocitare (curba de
distributie cu doua varfuri la Mi / Mt, Ns/ S)
- Bazofilie 5-10%
- Monocite sub 3%
LMC faza accelerata/puseu blastic
: criterii de diagnostic
n Fz accelerata
- FL deviata la stanga pana la Bl si Ba
- Bl 10 -19% Sg si MO
- Bazofile > 20% Sg
n Fz accelerata – Bl > 20%
Dg diferential: LMC faza cronica vs reactie
leucemoida
n Reactia leucemoida:
- leucocitoza importanta cu neutrofilie (rar >
50 000/mmc)
- deviere la stanga a formulei leucocitare, dar fara
Mbl
- Bazofilie absenta
n Tabloul clinic:
- cancer
- inflamatii
- sepsis
Biologic
n FAL ↓↓ - 0
n Acid uric ↑
n LDH ↑
n Vitamina B 12 ↑
Oncoproteina BCR/ABL1
LMC - MO
…using a protein-tyrosine
kinase inhibitor
that inhibits
the bcr-abl tyrosine kinase
3 obiective ale tratamentului in LMC
La 3 luni La 12 luni
3) Transplant medular
4) Complianta pacientului
Tratament - Inhibitori de tirozin – kinaza ( II)
DASATINIB:
n Indicatii- fz. cronica, accelerata, blastica cu rezistenta la
Imatinib
n Doza 100mg /zi
n Solubilitatea ~~ pH ( !! Antiacide ↓ abs. )
n Efecte adverse: mielosupresie, efuziuni pleurale, sangerari GI,
pneumonie, dispnee, IC, diaree etc
NILOTINIB:
n Indicatii- fz. cronica, accelerata, blastica cu rezistenta la
Imatinib
n Doza 400mg x2 /zi→→ ESCALADARE 600mg X2/zi.
Transplantul medular
Allotransplantul medular ramane singura optiune curativa
in LMC
n I linie
n Pacienti ITK naivi - AlloHSCT, precedat de imatinib
600 / 800 mg/ dasatinib/ nilotinib, in cazul asocierii
unor mutatii rezistente la imatinb
Tratament
Monitorizare
Conform recomandarilor ELN – RT PCR, citogenetica, FISH
National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Practice Guidelines in Oncology.
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia V.1.2009. Disponibil la www.nccn.org