ASSIGNMENT 5

MULANI PARVEZ RAPHIK CE20M011

Q.1

As per is :432 part(i)&part(ii)-1982 -specification for mild steel and

medium tensile steel bars and hard drawn steel wire for concrete
reinforcement
The concrete reinforcement having an ultimate tensile strength of not less than 540 N/mm2 has
been categorized as ‘medium tensile steel’ instead of ‘high tensile steel’ ( see IS : 961-1975† ) in
this standard. In concrete reinforcement, the term ‘high tensile steel’ is, as a general practice, used
to mean steel having tensile strengths in a still higher range, say 1 000-2 200 N/mm2 which is
generally used in prestressed concrete.

The following test methods given in this Indian Standard are technically equivalent to those given
in ISO Standards:

Title IS No. ISO No.

Mechanical testing of metal- 1608 6892
Tensile testing
Method for bend test 1599 10065
Method for re-bend test for 1716 7801
metallic wires and bars

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FOR MILD STEEL AND MEDIUM TENSILE STEEL BARS:

 TYPES AND GRADES

Reinforcement supplied in accordance with this standard shall be classified into the following
types:

a) Mild steel bars:

Mild steel bars shall be supplied in the following two grades:

i. Mild steel bars, Grade I:

Steel for mild steel reinforcement bars, Grade I shall be manufactured and have the
chemical composition in accordance with the requirements of Steel Designation Fe
410-S of IS : 226-1975
ii. Mild steel bars, Grade II:
Steel for mild steel reinforcement bars, Grade II shall be manufactured and have the
chemical composition in accordance with the requirement of Steel Designation Fe 410-
0 of IS : 1977-1975

b) Medium tensile steel bars:

Medium tensile steel bars shall be manufactured and have the chemical composition in
accordance with the requirements of Steel Designation Fe 540 W-HT of IS : 961-1975

NOMINAL SIZES AND MASS

Sizes —

Mild steel and medium tensile steel bars shall be supplied in the following nominal sizes:

Diameter of round bar or side of square bars: 5,6,8,10,12,16,20,22,25,28,32,36,40,45 and 50mm.

Mass —

The mass of bars shall be in accordance with IS: 1732-1971.

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TOLERANCES

The rolling and cutting tolerances shall be in accordance with IS : 1852-1973

TENSILE TEST —

The ultimate tensile stress, yield stress and elongation of bars shall be determined in accordance
with the requirements of IS : 1608-1972 in conjunction with IS : 226-1975. The test pieces shall
be cut from the finished material and straightened where necessary. They shall not be annealed or
otherwise subjected to heat treatment. Any slight straightening which may be required shall be
done cold. In case of bars, the size of which is not uniform throughout the length of test piece,
limits shall be applied according to the actual maximum thickness of the piece selected for testing.
Should a tensile test piece break outside the middle half of its gauge length and the percentage
elongation obtained is less than that specified, the test may be discarded at the manufacturer’s
option, and another test made from the same bar.

BEND TEST — The bend test shall be performed in accordance with the requirements of IS :
1599-1974 read in conjunction with IS : 226-1975

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FOR HARD-DRAWN STEEL WIRE:

NOMINAL SIZES

Hard-drawn wire shall be supplied in the following nominal sizes:

Diameter of hard drawn wire: 2.65, 3.0, 3.15, 3.55, 4.0, 4.5, 4.75, 5.0, 5.3, 5.6, 6.0, 6.3, 7.1,
7.5, 8.0, 9.0, 9.5 and 10 mm.

NOTE — It is proposed to rationalize the diameters of hard-drawn wire and include only 3, 4, 5, 6. 8 and 10 mm in the next
revision of the standard. Sizes other than these are now included to facilitate manufacturers and users to chance over to the
rationalized sizes in this period.

TOLERANCES

i. The tolerance on the nominal diameter shall be percent.

ii. For purposes of determining whether the actual diameter of the wire is within the
specified tolerances, the diameter shall be determined with a micrometer by taking two
measurements at right angles to each other at three places along a length of not less
than 250 mm and the average of these six measurements shall be taken as the diameter
of the wire.
iii. Cutting Tolerances on Length — Cutting tolerance for wire shall be as follows:
Length Tolerance
Over 3m ±13mm
Less than 3m ±6mm

TENSILE TEST —

The ultimate tensile stress, proof stress and elongation of wire shall be determined in accordance
with IS : 1521-1972. The test pieces shall be cut from the finished material and straightened, where
necessary. The test pieces shall not be annealed or otherwise subjected to heat treatment. Any
slight straightening which may be required shall be done cold.

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REVERSE BEND TEST —

Reverse bend test shall be made on a test piece cut from the finished product. The test piece shall
not be annealed or subjected to any heat treatment before testing. The test piece shall withstand
one complete cycle of reverse bend around a pin of size indicated below, without showing any
sign of fracture when reverse bend test is carried out in accordance with the requirements of IS :
1716-1971

Diameter of Specimen Wire Diameter of Pin

7.5mm and under Equal to the diameter of specimen
Over 7.5mm Twice the diameter of specimen

As per is 1786: 2008- high strength deformed steel bars and wires for
concrete reinforcement— specification

NOMINAL DIAMETER OR SIZE —

The diameter of a plain round bar/wire having the same mass per metre length as the deformed
bar/wire.

NOMINAL MASS —

The mass of the bar/wire of nominal diameter and of density 0.00785 kg/mm2 per meter.

NOMINAL PERIMETER OF A DEFORMED BAR/WIRE —

3.14 times the nominal diameter.

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ROLLING AND COLD-WORKING OF BARS/WIRES -

All wires shall well and cleanly rolled and shall be sound and free from surface defects and pipe,
or other defects detrimental to its subsequent processing and to its end use. Rust, seams, surface
irregularities or mill scale shall not be the cause for rejection provided a hard wire brushed test
specimen fulfils all the requirements of this specification.

Stretching may or may not be combined with coldworking. The unworked length at each end
of the bar/wire shall not exceed 100 mm or 4 times the nominal diameter, whichever is greater.

DEFORMATIONS AND SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS:

For high strength deformed bars/wires, the mean area of ribs (in mm2) per unit length (in mm)
above the core of the bar/wire, projected on a plane normal to the axis of the bar/wire calculated
in accordance with 5.4 shall not be less than the following values:

a) 0.12 ϕ for ϕ ≤10rraq

b) 0.15 ϕ for10mm< ϕ ≤16mm and

c) 0.17 ϕ for ϕ > 16mm.

where @is the nominal diameter of bar/wire, in mm.

The -mean projected area of transverse ribs alone than be not less than one-third of the values
given above.

NOMINAL SIZES

The nominal sizes of bars/wires shall be as follows:

4mm,5mm,6mm,8mm,10mm,12mm,16mm,20mm,25mm,28mm,32mm,36mm, and 40mm.

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TOLERANCE

If bars/wires are specified to be cut to certain lengths, each bar/wire shall be cut within
deviations of +75mm –25mm on the specified length, but if minimum lengths are specified,
the deviations shall be +50mm -0 mm.

TENSILE TEST:

The tensile strength, percentage elongation, percentage total elongation at maximum force and 0.2
percent proof stress of bars/wires shall be determined in accordance with requirements of IS 1608
read in conjunction with IS 2062.

i. Alternatively, and by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, for routine testing,
the proof stress may be determined in conjunction with the tensile strength test and may be
taken as the stress measured on the specimen whilst under load corresponding to an
increase measured by an extensometer of 0.4 percent for Fe 415 and Fe 4 15D bars/wires,
0.45 percent for grade Fe 500 and Fe 500D bars/wires and 0.47 percent. for grade Fe 550,
Fe 550D and Fe 600 bars/wires the total strain on any convenient gauge length. When this
alternative is availed, the total strain shall be measured only by an extensometer and not by
any other means. In case of dispute the proof stress determined in accordance with IS 1608
shall be the deciding criteria.
ii. The stresses shall be calculated using the effective cross-sectional area of the bar/wire.

BEND TEST:

The bend test shall be performed in accordance with the requirements of IS 1599 and the mandrel
diameter for different grades shall be as specified in Table 4. The test piece, when cold, shall be
doubled over the mandrel by continuous pressure until the sides are parallel. The specimen shall
be considered to have passed the test if there is no rupture or cracks visible to a person of normal
or corrected vision on the bent portion.

REBEND TEST:

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The test piece shall be bent to an included angle of 1350C using a mandrel of appropriate diameter.
The bent piece shall be aged by keeping in boiling water (l00°C) for 30 min and then allowed to
cool. The piece shall then be bent back to have an included angle of 157 1/2”. The specimen shall
be considered to have passed the test if there is no rupture or cracks visible to a person of normal
or corrected vision on the rebent portion.

Figure 1. Rebend Test

RETEST:

Should any one of the test pieces first selected fail to pass any of the tests specified in this standard,
two further samples shall be selected for testing m respect of each failure. Should the test pieces
from both these additional samples pass, the material represented by the test samples shall be
deemed to comply with the requirements of that particular test. Should the test piece from either
of these additional samples fail, the material presented by the sample shall be considered as not
having complied with this standard.

SELECTION OF TEST SPECIMENS:

For checking nominal mass, mechanical properties, bend test and rebend test, test specimen of
sufficient length shall be cut from each size of the finished bar/wire at random at a frequency not
less than that specified below:

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As per is 14268:1995: uncoated stress relieved low relaxation seven-
ply strand for prestressed concrete —specification
 The breaking strength and 0.2 percent proof load of the strand shall be determined in
accordance with IS 1521 : 1972
 By mutual agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer, the load at 1.0 percent
extension may be determined. In this test, an initial load equivalent to 10 percent of
specified minimum breaking strength shall be applied to the test piece and a sensitive
extensometer then be attached. The dial of the latter shall be adjusted to read 0.001 mm/mm
of the gauge length to represent the extension due to the initial load. The load shall be
increased until the extensometer shows an extension corresponding to 1.0 percent. The load
at this extension shall not be less than the minimum 0.2 percent proof load. In case of
dispute, 0.2 percent proof stress shall apply.
 Elongation:
The total elongation under load shall not be less than 3.5 percent on a minimum gauge
length of 600 mm. The total elongation shall be measured by a suitable extensometer that
is attached to the test piece, after an initial load equivalent to 10 percent of the required
minimum breaking load as specified in Table 1 has been applied. Following an extension
of 1 percent, the extensometer may be removed and loading continued to ultimate failure.
The elongation value is then determined by the movement between the jaw gripping the
test piece on the new base length of the jaw to jaw distance to which will be added the
value of 1 percent determined by the extensometer.
 Relaxation:
Low relaxation strand, when initially loaded to 70 percent of the specified minimum
breaking strength of the strand shall have relaxation losses of not more than 1.8 percent
after 100h and not more than 2.5 percent after 1000 h when tested.

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 Figure 2. Physical properties

 If required, the manufacturer shall provide relaxation evidence from the manufacturer’s
records of tests on similarly dimensioned strand of the same grade.
 The temperature of the test piece shall be maintained at 20 ± 2ºC.
 The test piece shall not be subjected to loading prior to the relaxation test.
 The initial load shall be applied uniformly over a period of not less than 3 minutes and not
more than 5 minutes and the gauge length shall be maintained constant. Load relaxation
readings shall commence 1 minute after application of the total load.
 Over-stressing of the test sample during the loading operations shall not be permitted.
 The duration of the test shall be 1000 h or a short computed period, extrapolated to 1000
h, which can be shown by records to provide similar relaxation values.
 The test gauge length should be at least 40 times the nominal strand diameter.

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Q.2

As per is :432 part(i)&part(ii)-1982 -specification for mild steel and

medium tensile steel bars and hard drawn steel wire for concrete
reinforcement

Mechanical Properties of Mild steel and Medium Tensile Steel Bars

Sr. Type and Nominal Size Ultimate Yield stress Elongation
No. of Bar tensile stress percent
Min
Min Min
1. Mild steel grade I

For bars up to and 410 250 23

including

20 mm
For bars over 20 mm, up 410 240 23
to

and including 50 mm

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 2. Mild steel grade II

For bars up to and 370 225 23

including

20 mm
For bars over 20 mm, up 370 215 23
to

and including 50 mm
3. Medium tensile steel

For bars up to and 540 350 20

including

16 mm
For bars over 16 mm, up 540 340 20
to

and including 32 mm
For bars over 32 mm, up 510 330 20
to

and including 50 mm

Physical Requirements of Hard Drawn Wire

Ultimate tensile stress, N/mm2 570

Proof stress (0.2 percent), N/mm2 480

Elongation over a gauge length of 8 D, where D 7.5

is the dia of wire, percent

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As per is 1786: 2008- high strength deformed steel bars and wires for
concrete reinforcement— specification

Nominal size, cross section area and size of deformed bars and wires:

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Tolerance on Nominal mass:

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Mechancal Properties of High Strength Deformed Bars and Wires:

Mandrel Diameter for Bend Test:

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As per is 14268:1995: uncoated stress relieved low relaxation seven-ply strand for
prestressed concrete —specification

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Dimensions, Tolerance and Mass of Wire Strands:

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