Communication Systems (EE-361)

Dr. Waleed Tariq Sethi

Assistant Professor
Faculty of Electrical Engineering
GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology
Email : wsethi@giki.edu.pk
Chapter:5 – Angle Modulation &
Demodulation
Contents
AM vs Angle Modulation
Instantaneous Frequency
Phase Modulation
Frequency Modulation
PM and FM Modulator
Power of an Angle Mod Waveform
Example 5.1
Example 5.1

100.1 MHz

99.9 MHz
Example 5.1

100.1 MHz

99.9 MHz
Example 5.2
Example 5.2
 Examples Related to Earlier Sections
Example A: Sketch the FM signal that results when modulating the message
signal m(t) shown below with kf = 2(2) and c = 2 (10) rad/s.
Example B: Sketch the PM signal that results when modulating the
message signal m(t) shown below with kp = 2 and c = 2 (14) rad/s.

1 2

dm (t )
 m (t )
dt

2
3
Bandwidth of Angle Modulated
Waves
Bandwidth of Angle Modulated
Waves
Narrowband FM
Comparison: NBFM with AM
NB and Angular Mod Generation
Wideband FM
WBFM: Bandwidth Estimation
WBFM: Bandwidth Estimation
WBFM: Bandwidth Estimation
WBFM: Bandwidth Estimation
WBFM: Bandwidth Estimation
WBFM: Bandwidth Estimation
WBFM: Bandwidth Estimation
WBFM: Bandwidth Estimation
WBFM: Bandwidth Estimation
WBFM: Bandwidth Estimation
WBFM: Bandwidth Estimation
WBFM: Bandwidth Estimation

• A better approximation is given by CARSON’S RULE

FM: Spectral Analysis of Tone Freq
Modulation
FM: Spectral Analysis of Tone Freq
Modulation
FM: Spectral Analysis of Tone Freq
Modulation
FM: Spectral Analysis of Tone Freq
Modulation
FM: Spectral Analysis of Tone Freq
Modulation
FM: Spectral Analysis of Tone Freq
Modulation
Example 1
H/W: Try for PM case.
Example 2: HW
Generating FM Waves
Indirect Method: Generate NBFM
BandPass Limiter
BandPass Limiter
BandPass Limiter
Indirect Armstrong Method:
Indirect Armstrong Method:
Indirect Armstrong Method:
Armstrong Architecture
Example: Given Data.
Example (2)….
Example (2)….
Demodulation of FM Waves
Demodulation: Types
1. Freq Discriminator
1. Freq Discriminator
2. Zero Crossing
3. Phase Locked Loop (PLL)
PLL Analysis
Effects of Non-Linear Distortion
Effects of Non-Linear Distortion
Effects of Non-Linear Distortion
Effect of Interference
Effect of Interference
Capture Effect
Interference due to Channel
Preemphasis and Deemphesis in
FM Broadcasting
Preemphasis and Deemphesis in
FM Broadcasting
Preemphasis and Deemphesis in
Filters
Superheterodyne FM Receiver
FM Broadcasting Systems
FM Broadcasting Systems
FM Broadcasting: Tx
FM Broadcasting: Rx
Example Armstrong Method