CHAPTER 5

STRESS IN CYLINDRICAL
SHELLS

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83
 11 3TR!IS IN CYTINDRICAI gHErrS 3,I STRI3E DUE TO INTTRNAT PRESSURE
85

5.I STRESS DUE TO INTERNAL PRESSURE

Thc classic equation for determining stress in a thin cylindrical shell subjected
to pressur€-is obtained from Fig. 5.1. Summation of forces perpendicular to
plane ABCD gives

PL.2r:ZoeLt
Figur€ 5,2

ot= Pr (s.1)
Also,
T
dw
where p = g€ssure (s.3)
ar
Z = length of cylinder deflection of a cylindncal shell subjected to internal pressure
the.radj4 is
o, = hoop stress obtained by subsdrudng rhe quantity e6: osf E in6 Eq.
5.i. ilnce for thin
cvllnoers
r = radius
I = thickness
(s.4)
The stain ee is defined as
where
final length - original length E = modulus of elasticity
original length

and from Fig. 5.2, Equations 5.1 and 5.4 give accurate results when r/r >
10. As r// decreases,
however, a more accurate expression is needed because the stress distribution
2t(rIw)-2rr through the thickness is not uniform. Recourse is then made to the,.thick
shell,,
€0= theory' first developed by Lame. The derived equations are based on the
z1fr forces
and stresses shown in Fig. 5.3. The theory assumes that all shearing
---;- stresses are
zero due to symmetry and thal a plane section that is normal
to thjongitudinal
axls pressure is applied remains plane after pressurization. In other
-betore
w words, e1 is constant at any cross section.
(s.2) A relationship between oi and_o1 can be obtained by taking a free_body
_.
diagram of ring dr as shown in Fig. 5.30. Summing ior"", ii the vertical
direction and neglecting higher-order tdrms, we then h-ave

do,
ae- o, = dr (5.5)

A second relationship is obtained from Eqs. 3.2, which is written as

o,
(l + rr)(1 - 2*rl+(t - + + e)l
\.
Flgor.5.l Fr€c-body diogrom ol d rylindricol $ell lubi.ctod to intarnol prerlure. 1t) p,(e, I
I