Perimeter and Area

10.1 Perimeter
Definition
The total length around an enclosed area.

Example Estimate the perimeter accurately:

Determine the perimeter of the following shape.
Steps to estimate the perimeter of various shapes.

1. Trace the shape of the object on a grid of equal squares with sides of 1 cm.
2. Estimate the perimeter of each shape based on the grid.
3. Measure the perimeter of each shape using a ruler or a thread.
4. Record your estimation and measurement.
5. Compare the estimated value with the measured value to evaluate the accuracy of
your estimation.
Perimeter
The accuracy of estimated perimeter can be evaluated by comparing the estimated
value with the measured value.
= PQ + QR + RS + ST + TU + UV + VW + WP The smaller the difference between the values of estimated perimeter and
measured perimeter, the more precise the estimated value.

= 4 + 3 + 4 + 3 + 4 + 9 + 12 + 9

The formulae for the perimeter of various shapes:

= 48 cm. (i) The perimeter of a triangle

—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————

Perimeter = a + b + c

(ii) The perimeter of a paralellogram

Perimeter = 2a + 2b

(iii) The perimeter of a kite

Perimeter = 2a + 2b

(iv) The perimeter of a trapezium

Perimeter = a + b + c + d
10.2 Area of Triangles, Parallelograms, Kites and Trapeziums
Estimate the area of various shapes:

(i) Using a grid with equal squares of sides 1 unit

Example

(ii) Drawing lines 1 unit apart

Example

The formulae for the area of various shapes:

(i) The area of a triangle

Area = ab

(ii) The area of a paralellogram

Area= ab

(iii) The area of a kite

Area = ab

(iv) The area of the trapezium

 Area = (a + b)t

10.3 Relationship between Perimeter and Area

The relationship between the perimeter and the area of a rectangle:

(i) Rectangles with the same perimeter

The area will decrease if the difference between the length and the width increase. The area will be
the largest when the rectangle is a square.

(ii) Rectangles with the same area

The perimeter will increase if the difference between the length and the width decrease. The perimeter will
be the smallest when the rectangle is a square.

Solve a problem:

Example

Given the perimeter of the square floor of a hall is 82 m.

Calculate the area of the floor of the hall.

Noted that the length of each side of a square are equal.

So, the length of each side is

82 m ÷ 4 = 20.5 m.
Thus, the area of the floor of the hall is

Area = 20.5 ×
20.5 = 420.25
m 2.