1639 Porbunderwala Ammaar

Aquaculture College and Production
plant
Submitted in partial fulfillment

of the requirements of the degree of
Bachelor of Architecture
by
Ammaar Mustafa Porbunderwala
Exam Roll No.35
Research Supervisor:
Prof. Rajesh Rokade
University of Mumbai
Sir JJ College of Architecture
2021
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI
Aquaculture College and Production Plant i

Certificate
This is to certify that this Dissertation entitled
Aquaculture college and production plant
is the bonafide work of
Ammaar Mustafa Porbunderwala
who is a student of the final year of
Sir JJ College of Architecture, University of Mumbai
and has carried out this work
under my guidance and supervision.
Prof. Rajesh Rokade
Research Supervisor Principal
Date:08/01/2021
Place: Mumbai Stamp of College
Jury Member Jury Member

Name and Signature Name and Signature
Date:
Aquaculture College and Production Plant ii

DECLARATION
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plant” represents my ideas in my own words and has not been taken from the work of others
(as from books, articles, essays, dissertations, other media and online); and where others’
ideas or words have been included, I have adequately cited and referenced the original
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This work, or any part of it, has not been previously submitted by me or any other person for
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Signature of the Student:
Name of the Student: Ammaar Mustafa Porbunderwala

Exam Roll No: 35
Date: 08/01/2021 Place: Mumbai
*The following defines plagiarism:

“Plagiarism” occurs when a student misrepresents, as his/her own work, the work, written or otherwise, of any
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Aquaculture College and Production Plant iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I have always been fond of travelling and visiting different places and it makes an instant
positive elevation in mood. I came across this topic in April 2019 when I visited Porbandar
with my family as a summer trip. I was fascinated to see what the site has to offer but at the
same time faced many problems with respect to information about the place, tour guides,
food and transport facilities. It was after leaving the place I realized it had so much to offer.
After searching more about the site, I realized that the site has so much to offer but it is not
reaching to the tourists. The entire journey from visiting the place for the first time, selecting
my thesis topic, working on its research has been very interesting. It wouldn’t have been
possible without a lot of people who have been there to support, advise and guide.
First of all, I would like to thank my college Sir J.J. College of Architecture for providing
me the opportunity to work on this project. I would like to express my gratitude to my thesis
guide, Prof. Rajesh Rokade for believing in me and guiding me and being very positive
about the entire process.
I would like to thank my father Mr. Mustafa Porbunderwala, my mother Mrs. Farida
Porbunderwala and my elder sister Fatema Kachwala for their constant love and support
and for being there for me and helping me as and when required. Thank you to all the other
members of my family who have been my constant strength and support. These five years
wouldn’t have been easy without you all by my side.
Aquaculture College and Production Plant iv

ABSTRACT
To design with the environment can mean many different things- from analyzing energy
efficiency, to building with recycled materials, to researching a material's embodied energy.
This thesis is not a technical paper, nor does it attempt to find novel ways to save energy.
Rather, it first tries to understand a building through its sensitivity of its function. Second, it
tries to design with sensitivity to the contextual surroundings, incorporating observations of
the site and surrounding buildings, melding these observations with the design. Third, it tries
to make a human-oriented environment, contributing to the contextual landscape. The
building is an aquaculture college and production plant in Miyani village. Two main
programmatic components define the building: a production-oriented fish farm and an
aquaculture college.
The research conducted shows that the education needs to be linked with life and should take
into count the ground situation in different parts of India considering the local need. Paper
knowledge, paper evaluations, paper degrees all too papery and all too theoretical; it has very
little that prepares us for real life in the real world. Students will be simultaneously taught
how to address issues faced in real life. Aquaculture is just not about cultivating fishes and
other organism it will also require management and entrepreneurship.
Aquaculture College and Production Plant v

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter No. Chapter Name Topics Page no.

Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Background study 2
1.2 Aim 3
1.3 Research objective 3
1.4 Scope 4
1.5 Limitation 4
Chapter 2 Literature review 2.1 Aquaculture- N. Arumugam 6
2.2 Brackish water aquaculture- 7
P.K. Ghosh
2.3 Blue Revolution 8
2.4 Inference 8
Chapter 3 Research methodology 10
Chapter 4 Data collection 4.1 Aquaculture study 13
4.2 Study of Canned Fish Process 46
Chapter 5 Case study 5.1 A Public Aquaculture Centre at 56
Charlestown Navy Yard, Boston
5.2 Marine Aquaculture Research 65
& Education Center, North
Carolina
5.3 Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan 70
Krishi Vidyapeeth college of
fisheries, Shirgoan, Ratnagiri.
Chapter 6 Site Study 6.1 Reason to choose the site 76
6.2 General details 76
6.3 Access to the site 79
6.4 Site surrounding 81

6.5 Contour mapping 82
Aquaculture College and Production Plant vi

6.6 Climatic Condition 83
Chapter 7 Design Intent 7.1 Aim of the project 90
7.2 Objectives 90
7.3 Design Brief 91
Chapter 8 Bibliography 99
Reference 100
Aquaculture College and Production Plant vii

LIST OF FIGURES:
Figure 1 Aquaculture farm 3

Figure 2 Types of Literature Review and the following methodology 11
Figure 3 Arrangement of brackish water ponds 14
Figure 4 Coastal Vulnerability on basis of mean spring of mean spring tide range for Gujarat 14
coast
Figure 5 Typical saltwater intake for shrimp hatchery system 16
Figure 6 Typical plan of sedimentation tank 16
Figure 7 Typical plan of rapid sand filter 17
Figure 8 Plan of the proposed water treatment facilities for the shrimp hatchery 17
Figure 9 Layout of shrimp hatchery building 18
Figure 10 Layout of shrimp hatchery building 18
Figure 11 Typical plan of broodstock tank 19
Figure 12 Typical plan of larval rearing tank 19
Figure 13 Typical plan of nursery tank 20
Figure 14 Indoor broodstock holding tanks with photoperiod control 22
Figure 15 Indoor broodstock holding tanks 23
Figure 16 Intermediary culture of algae 26
Figure 17 Mass culture of rotifers 28
Figure 18 Fish larviculture tank 30
Figure 19 Seawater pump 31
Figure 20 Broodstock tank detail 34
Figure 21 Larval and post larval culture tank detail 35
Figure 22 Nursery tank 35
Figure 23 Rack and tray method of oyster farming 36
Figure 24 Fish pond in training center 37
Figure 24 Fish pond arrangement option 1 38
Figure 25 Fish pond arrangement option 2 38
Figure 26 Dike details 39
Figure 27 Fish house and canning room 53
Figure 28 Salmon canning and storage room 54
Figure 29 A plan of the Clarlestown navy yard with proposed project 56
Figure 30 Plan of the proposed aquaculture centre, showing programmatic layout on ground 57
level.
Figure 31 Long section showing the programmatic arrangement by floor, looking south. 57
Figure 32 Clarlestown navy yard ground floor plan 58
Aquaculture College and Production Plant viii

Figure 33 Clarlestown navy yard first floor plan 58
Figure 34 Clarlestown navy yard second floor plan 58
Figure 35 Section 1, Processing area on the ground level with lookout, café on second floor 59
Figure 36 Section 2, Tanks on the ground floor, exhibit on second floor, offices on third floor. 60
Figure 37 Section 3, Research labs and offices on first floor, main exhibition space on second floor 61
Figure 38 Sections giving the proper profile angle for December 21, at 12:00, 2:00 and 4:00pm. 62
These were used to determine sun reflector dimensions and to determine daylighting
sufficiency
Figure 39 Sections giving the proper profile angle for August 21, at 12:00, 2:00 and 4:00pm. These 62
were used to determine sun reflector dimensions and to determine daylighting
sufficiency.
Figure 40 Plan and section of the site, showing predicted wind patterns for summer (dotted) and 63
winter (black)
Figure 41 South Elevation of Clarlestown navy yard 64
Figure 42 North Elevation of Clarlestown navy yard 64
Figure 43 Site plan of Marine Aquaculture Research & Education Center 65
Figure 44 Site plan of Marine Aquaculture Research & Education Center 66
Figure 45 Building section of Marine Aquaculture Research & Education Center 67
Figure 46 Lab ground floor plan 67
Figure 47 Lab first floor plan 68
Figure 48 View from entrance 68
Figure 49 Administration building, research/tech building and educational block 68
Figure 50 Semi open educational block 69
Figure 51 Sustainable strategy 69
Figure 52 Site plan of Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth college of fisheries 70
Figure 53 Ground floor plan of Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth college of fisheries 71
Figure 54 First floor plan of Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth college of fisheries 72
Figure 55 Second floor plan of Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth college of fisheries 73
Figure 56 Map of Porbandar 76
Figure 57 Road connecting to site 80
Figure 58 Site surrounding 81
Figure 59 Surrounding land use 81
Figure 60 Average temperature 83
Figure 61 Porbandar weather averages by month 83
Figure 62 Porbandar climate graph 84
Figure 63 Porbandar water temperature 84
Figure 64 Porbandar water average temperature by month 85
Aquaculture College and Production Plant ix

Figure 65 Sunpath diagram 85
Figure 66 Wind Rose 86
Figure 67 Wind Speed 86
LIST OF TABLES:
Table 1 Cultivable brackish water prawn 39

Table 2 Cultivable brackish water fishes 40
Table 3 Chemistry of brackish water in Bhavnagar 42
Table 4 Number of trainees participated in training program over the years 43
Table 5 Size of the site required for the plant capacities (based on one storey buildings) 50
Table 6 Water requirement 50
Table 7 Energy requirement (approx.) 50
Table 8 Approximate space requirements for sanitary installation 50
Table 9 Frequency of inspection procedures for maintenance 51
Table 10 Estimated number of employees required for canning 52
Table 11 Different type of Laboratories required in a Fisheries college 74
Table 12 Drinking Water Source in Miyani 79
Table 13 Daily time spent for fetching water 79
Table 14 Yearly Expense for Fetching Drinking Water 80
Aquaculture College and Production Plant x

Chapter 1
Introduction
Aquaculture College and Production Plant 1

1.1 Background Study
Fishing Industry in India
India is surrounded by 3 oceans namely the Arabian Sea (west), Indian Ocean (south), Bay of
Bengal (east). Coastal fisheries are another important common-property resource, which
has been providing food, employment, and income for coastal residents.
Fisheries and aquaculture are an important source of food production, nutritional security,
employment, and income in India. The fisheries sector is a direct source of livelihoods for
more than 20 million fishers and fish farmers which contributes INR 1.75 trillion annually to
the gross value added to India’s economy and is a major export earner, with fish being one
of the most important agricultural commodities to be exported from India.
Overfishing is hugely problematic and it’s not sustainable to continue with the way things are.
Fish populations are being destroyed. Industrial fisheries are using large machinery to trawl
oceans, which traps and kills many other animals, including whales and dolphins.
Due to overfishing, fisherman is not been able to catch enough fish due to less availability of
fishes and quality of fish is also reducing. Fishes are getting affected through diseases due to
pollution in sea and river. Due to this fisherman has to go deep into the sea in which
sometimes they usually get arrested due to trespassing the neighbouring states.
Aquaculture as solution to growing fish food problem
Fish farming is an opportunity for us to earn foreign exchange. Thus, the central government
has launched the Neel Kranti Mission to give financial assistance to people associated with
fish farming.
Neel Kranti Mission was the start of the Blue Revolution in India with the vision to achieve
the economic prosperity of India keeping in view the sustainability, bio-security, and
environmental concerns. Recently, the aquaculture industry has been growing at an average
rate of 9% a year and India is one of the fastest growers.
Aquaculture is the solution to this growing problem in which they can grow fish in high
density and also the quality of fish increases as there is no disease in them. It reduces the
pressure on capture fisheries.

With the implementation of training centre, it will help fish farmers in producing better
quality and quantity that will develop the future of aquaculture. To make people aware
about advantages of aquaculture farming, to train fishermen in aquaculture and improve
the skills of fishermen who are already into aquaculture business.
Figure 1: Aquaculture farm

Source: Photo by Chris Chase/SeafoodSource
1.2 AIM
To research and analyze the method for learning aquaculture in more effective way.
To study working of an aquaculture cultivation plant.
1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE

1. To understand the need of an aquaculture farm.
1. To analyse various type of training programme that will be involved for aquaculture.
2. To analyse the requirement of an aquaculture college.
3. To study different methods in which saline aquaculture can be practiced and also to
analyse the its requirement.
4. To study the process, involve in canning.

1.4 SCOPE
Aquaculture practice are developing in India however not as yet numerous fishermen don't
know about it. Thus, this project will not only at educating student in aquaculture but will
also aim in training people through seminar, sort training program, etc.
There are numerous of career or job opportunities in government and the private sector.
Aspirants can go for entrepreneurship or self-employed in their own fisheries-related
business. Project will include activities that will train fishermen and educate student in
aquaculture field so that they can be self-employed in any aquaculture farm.
This project will also provide employment to the local of Miyani through aquaculture
production plant.
1.5 LIMITATION
This project will only focus on training fishermen in aquaculture which include rearing of
aquatic organisms using saline groundwater and brackish water.
Aquaculture is a vast field and involve rearing of many organisms therefore it is not possible
to train fishermen about every type of method in aquaculture and the project will involve
rearing of organism that are profitable and easily cultivated in that region.

Chapter 2
Literature Review

2.1 Aquaculture- N. Arumugam
In another study titlied N. Arumugam Aquaculture [Book]. - Nagercoil : Saras Publication,
2019. - Vol. 2. In this study it revealed different type of Aquaculture practise is happening in
India and its scope. Government organizations for functioning institute which are ICAR
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research), Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Commerce
and Ministry of Food processing institute.Some of fisheries developmental agencies which
are functioning under Govt. of India that would list out Rules and Regulation for aquaculture
some of the agencies are CMFRI ( Central marine fisheries research institute), CIFRI (
Central Inland fisheries research institute), CIBA ( Central Institute of brackishwater),etc.
Water quality management plays a majot role in fish farming. The quality of water is
determined by physical factor, chemical factors and nutrients. Physical factors like visibility
and temperature plays important role.
Different type of culturable organisms like fin fishes, shellfish, feed organisms, algae and
seaweeds along with different type of cultural systems.
Different type of breeding that can be practised in aquaculture farm like induced breeding and
ovaprim. Induced breeding is making fish to spawn by artifical methods. It is mostly done for
cross breeding of fishes and mainly done in research center by professional but can also be
praticed in large scale fish farm. Ovaprim is much simple than induced and can be practised
in small scale fish farm.
Transportation also plays a major role in fish farm. Transportation of fish seeds from the
hatchery to the rearing pond, transportation has to be done during the duration of 2-6 days
from the day it is packed therefore the site get easy access to transportation facility like road
and rails. Packing has to be done propely and method of packing has also been studied.
Fin fish culture has been studied in details like its seed collection, culture practises, feeding,
weed control, predator control, harvesting, marketing and preservation.
Edible oyster culture has also been studied in detailed. The following are to be considered for
farming of edible oyster: Biology of edible oyster, cultivable species, essential conditions for
oyster culture such as farming area must be free from excessive wind and wave action and
farming operations, culture methods, harvesting, cleaning, preservation and marketing.
Culture methods for oyster farrming are on bottom culture and off bottom culture.

Another detailed studied about seaweed culture. Seaweeds are nothing but marine algae.
Collection of seaweeds are from natural habitat. Different type of culture methods that are
pond culture and field culture.
Another topics that were studied are preparation of fish feed and fish diseases. Before
bringing any fish seed or matured fish first they are quarantined for few day and tested in labs
before cultivating.
2.2 Brackish water Aquaculture- P.K. Ghosh

In a study titlied of Brackishwater Aquaculture [Book] by P.K. Ghosh - Orissa : Dr. Updesh
Purohit, 2010. Studied showed the concept of Ecology, a place where living organism live in
its surroundings forms physical and biotic environment. Soil, water and air etc. It also listed
out the chemistry required in a brackishwater pond like depth, temperature, light, pressure
and water movement, amount of turbidity, salinity level, pH level, amount of disolved
oxygen, etc.
It also listed out elements of biology of some cultivable brackishwater prawn and fish
species. From this study we came to know the species that can be cultivated in Gujarat and
the species requirement to survive in the surrounding environment.
Critira for selection of site for aquaculture farm was listed out. Like to consider ecological
factors such as water supply- its quantity and quality, climate, hydrological, soil
characteristics and land.
It listed out some of the main elements that are required to maintain a farm and arrangment of
farm ponds. They showed the basic zoning of space in case of contour site which is lower the
contour zones are primarily be considered for pond construction. Area of relatively higher
levels are selected for office, godown, stores and watchmen shed, etc. It also explained the
different ways to prepare brackishwater nusery pond.
A detailed study about Brackish water prawn farming, its breeding and hatchery maintenance,
its diseases and cure, eco-friendly sustainable prawn farming, etc. Hazards and risk in
brackish water prawn and fish farm, mechanical, physico- chemical and biological.

2.2 Blue Revolution
-Welfare Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers and Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers
Welfare,Depart Central Sector Scheme on [Book Section]. - [s.l.] : Government of India, June
2016. - Vols. No. 27035-19/2015-Fy (IV) Vol.II.
Blue Revolution, the Neel Kranti Mission has the vision to achieve economic prosperity of
the country and the fishers and fish farmers as well as contribute towards food and
nutritional security through full potential utilization of water resources for fisheries
development in a sustainable manner, keeping in view the bio-security and environmental
concerns. The Neel Kranti Mission, 2016 (NKM 16), being the year in which the Vision has
been given by the Prime Minister will have multi-dimensional approach to all activities
concerned with development of the fisheries sector as modern world class industry in India.
It will focus on tapping the full production potential and enhance productivity substantially
from aquaculture and fisheries resources, both inland and marine. Substantially increasing
the share of Indian fisheries in the export area would be a key goal. It will ensure doubling
the income of the fishers and fish farmers with inclusive participation of the socio-
economically weaker sections and ensure sustainability with environment and biosecurity.
“Creating an enabling environment for integrated development of the full potential of

fisheries of the country, along with substantially improvement in the income status of
fishers and fish farmers keeping in view the sustainability, bio-security and environmental
concerns.”
2.3 INFERENCE
Aquaculture is a profitable business if done correctly. There are many factors that need
to be considered while staring aquaculture business and therefore there is a need of
Aquaculture training center.

Chapter 3
Research Methodology
The methodology for this research is qualitative and is derived mostly from desk research.
The majority of the research and evidence to support the hypothesis comes from the books,
articles and government documents.
Study will cover the following factors:

• Background Study
• Literature Review
• Study of intervention done in similar case studies
• Site selection based on:
• Site’s potential, natural significance and growth prospects
• Site’s proximity to the city/ town/ settlements.
• Formulating design brief and identifying design approach to the needful solution.

Conducting the surveys, opinion polls, field observation to
understand concept of Aquaculture as known to the fishermen.
Understanding the skills that they need to gain.
Selecting proper site for satisfying the purpose
Studying the special requirement
Designing a design program for the topic
Fig 2: Types of Literature Review and the following methodology

Chapter 4
Data collection
4.1 AQUACULTURE STUDY:
4.1.1 SELECTION OF SITE FOR BRACKISH WATER FARM.

- Soil characteristics
Soil with high content sand is not good for fam construction as dykes prepared by such soil
is very much susceptible to erosion. Soil should be free from tree roots as much as possible
otherwise these are sufficient to spoil the dykes due to their decay and cause internal
tunnelling in the long run.
[Note: The dyke is usually constructed by the soil which is usually available from pond
excavation. The dyke protects the pond from all sides.]
- Land
The general confirmation of the land should be with slopes not steeper than 2%. The land
should be free from high flooding. A site where there is any possibility for industrial activity
in future and cause pollution for industrial activity in future and causes pollution should be
avoided. Likewise, any area is located adjacent to industry must to be rejected. Areas having
underground oil pipe lines, high electrical power poles and radio masts over that are not
considered for farm sites. Grasslands, abandoned paddy fields, land covered with low
shrubs and bushes as well as open woodland make the construction cheaper than a land
with very thick jungles swampy areas with tall trees.
- Arrangement of farm ponds
Lower contour zones are primarily be considered for pond construction. Area of relatively
higher levels are selected for office, godown, stores and watchmen shed etc.

Figure 3: Arrangement of brackish water ponds
Source: Brackish water aquaculture by Dr. P.K. Ghosh
Figure 4: Coastal Vulnerability on basis of mean spring of mean

spring tide range for Gujarat coast
Source: MIKE-CMAP
[Note: The mean spring range is the difference between mean high-water springs (MHWS)
and mean low water springs (MLWS).]
The predicted tide along the Gujarat coast line was used to classify the coastal vulnerability
on the basis of tidal range. Tide prediction tool of MIKE-CMAP is used to obtain the
predicted tidal elevation of the 23 tidal stations along the Gujarat coast for the year 2005.
According to this survey it shows that very low vulnerable is found in Miyani (0.98 m).

4.1.2 CHEMISTRY OF BRACKISH WATER POND
- Depth
Brackish water ponds are generally shallow having a depth of 80cm to 1m of water. At
initial stage of culture, a depth of about 20 cm to 30cm is maintained for a few days so as to
allow growth of benthos and then pond is filled up to desired depth/heigh.
[Note: Benthos is the community of organisms that live on, in, or near the seabed, river,
lake, or stream bottom, also known as the benthic zone.]
- Temperature
The annual heat budget of any aquatic ecosystem has significant role over productivity.
Temperature accelerates the rate of chemical and bio chemical reaction. Sudden and wide
fluctuation in the diurnal water temperature cause mass mortality of fishes and prawns. The
optimum temperature range usually varies between 20 to 35°C. It helps in circulation and
mixing of water and due to which circulation of oxygen and nutrients occurs also.
- Turbidity
Penetration of light into water body is inhibited of controlled due to turbidity. In freshwater
pond more turbidity is observed immediate after rain/shower whereas in blackish water
pond such condition prevails with the lowering the salinity and some chemical activation.
Existing high turbidity may one of the reasons of low production in brackish water pond.
Turbidity should be 25-45cm.
- Salinity
Brackish water prawn and fishes can resist wide range of fluctuating salinity ranges but a
range of 10 to 30%o is considered to be favourable for them at 20 to 35 degrees C.
- pH
The water pH ranging from 7.5 to 8.5 is favourable for prawns and fish farming. pH value
above 9.0 is not suitable for fishes/prawns when CO2 is not at all available. Acid water
reduces appetite of fishes and prawns causing low growth followed by less consumption of

feed and lack of tolerance to toxic substances which finally make them vulnerable to
diseases. Slight alkaline is advisable.
4.1.3 TECHNICAL DETAILS OF PLUMBING AND FILTRATION
Figure 5: Typical saltwater intake for shrimp hatchery system

Source: http://www.fao.org/3/AC094E/AC094E03.htm
Figure 6: Typical plan of sedimentation tank


Figure 7: Typical plan of rapid sand filter
Figure 8: Plan of the proposed water treatment facilities for the shrimp hatchery

4.1.4 LAYOUT AND TANK DETAILS OF SHRIMP HATCHERY
Figure 9: Layout of shrimp hatchery building

Figure 10: Layout of shrimp hatchery building


- Tank details
Figure 11: Typical plan of broodstock tank

Figure 12: Typical plan of larval rearing tank


Figure 13: Typical plan of nursery tank

4.1.5 SPACE REQUIREMENT AND TECHNICAL DATA OF FISH HATCHERY
A fish hatchery is a complex system consisting various units like brackish water intake, water
treatment and storage, broodstock holding, indoor algal stock culture, intermediary and
outdoor algal culture, rotifer culture, artemia hatching and enrichment, larviculture, nursery
rearing, laboratory, feed and chemical storage, aeration facility, waste water treatment and
disposal, workshop and staff accommodation area.
During the production season proper hatchery management requires specialised skills and
total dedication by well-trained personnel. Therefore, proper designing of a fish hatchery
will give technical solutions to give best results in terms of convenience, ease of use,
effective use of the full production capacity, bio-security, hygienic working conditions and
cost effectiveness. Improper designing of the hatchery or construction would result in the
risk of ineffective utilization of the facilities, uneconomical operation, increased manpower
to manage the facility, chances of cross contamination, loss of stock etc.
1. Hatchery Layout and Design

While designing the hatchery, positioning of various units at suitable places plays important
role in easy and economic operation of the hatchery. The water pumping stations and
aeration systems should be kept away from the broodstock facility to avoid noise and
vibration disturbance to the brooders. Similarly, the packing area has to be placed near to
the main entrance, so as to avoid the entry of unauthorized persons and visitors into the bio
secured area. Elevation of water storage tanks have to be carefully designed for easy and
free gravitational flow of water from these tanks to various units of the hatchery. Every
section of the hatchery should have separate entry to avoid cross contamination from one
section to other.
2. Quarantine Facility
The quarantine facility is one of the important components of the hatchery, which helps in
holding of the broodstock entering into the hatchery to undergo proper treatment and
conditioning to avoid the entry of pathogens into the hatchery. The quarantine tanks should
be of suitable size to match the size of the brooders to be kept. Facilities for continuous
supply of brackish water, freshwater and aeration should be provided in this facility. The

quarantine facility should be placed either near to the entrance of the hatchery or far off
from the production area to avoid cross contamination.
3. Broodstock Holding Facility

The broodstock holding facility is the vital unit in the hatchery meant to hold adequate
stocks of parent fish to assure a timely production and supply of fertilized eggs of the best
quality to the larval rearing unit. Broodstock holding facilities can be located both outdoors
and indoors depending of the basic requirement of the brood fishes. Certain brood fishes
require strict maintenance of photo period and temperature regimes; preferably can be
located in the indoor area. Whereas, certain brooders may not require such facilities can be
reared in outdoors facilities. Generally, outdoor facilities are mainly used for long-term
holding of immature fishes. In certain cases, the outdoor facilities used for quarantining of
wild collected parental stock or spent brooders for proper treatment before inducting into
the indoor facility.
Figure 14: Indoor broodstock holding tanks with photoperiod control

Source:https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Balamurugan_Vadivel/publication/233841322/figu
re/fig1/AS:341204295274503@1458360851716/a-Broodstock-tank-with-photoperiod-control.png
4. Indoor Broodstock Holding Facilities

The indoor broodstock facility requires a clean environment, with adequate water supply for
flow through or recirculation systems. The elevation of water inlet, outlet, drainage canals
have to be properly designed for easy and free flow of water. The tank size, water holding
capacity and shape has to be designed according to the requirement of broodstock fishes.
The broodstock holding tanks have to be painted with suitable coloured epoxy paints to
maintain the brooders in a congenial environment and the smooth surface is needed to
avoid injury to the brooders and for easy cleaning.

Broodstock fishes can be retained in the enclosed indoor facilities to avoid exposure to
varying environmental fluctuations. Indoor broodstock holding area should have cement/
FRP tanks with proper water supply, aeration lines and lighting to accelerate the gonadal
development.
Figure 15: Indoor broodstock holding tanks

Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shrimp_hatchery.jpg
5. Outdoor Broodstock Holding Facilities

Outdoor broodstock holding facilities can be located within or nearer to the hatchery
premises. Either rectangular earthen ponds or concrete tanks of rectangular/round shape
can be constructed between 30 and 100 m3 size, but earthen ponds can be of 500 m3 with
proper slope and drainage facilities. These types of facilities are sufficient to hold a good
number of fish, but at the same time allows an easy visual control of the captive broodstock.
The choice between earthen ponds and concrete tanks is often based on the soil conditions
and investment costs and availability of adequate space.
6. Spawning and Incubation Facilities

The tanks where fish are temporarily stocked to obtain fertilised eggs are usually placed in a
dedicated area namely spawning facility. These tanks should be located in the quietest
location of the hatchery to reduce disturbance to broodstock and adjacent area can be
reserved to place tanks for stocking of fertilized eggs for hatching. Dedicated broodstock
holding tanks can be constructed adjacent to the spawning tanks to temporarily hold the
spent brooders. The spawning tanks should be provided with adequate facilities for altering
the photoperiod and temperature regimes, which are essential for faster gonadal
maturation. Similarly, the spawning tanks should be provided with adequate water supply

and aeration. The spawning area should be maintained clean and bio secured to avoid stress
to the brooders.The spawning tanks have to be painted with suitable colour epoxy paints to
maintain smooth surface to avoid injury to the brooders and for easy cleaning. Thermal
insulated walls and roof are advisable in the areas where temperature fluctuations occur. In
such areas additional facilities for controlling the water temperature, heaters with
thermostat can be installed. The drains can be placed under the floor and the gutters going
to the biological filters should be built well above the floor level to prevent dirt or toxic
wastes, such as disinfectants used to wash floors, from entering into the recirculation
system.
The spawning tanks are usually round or rectangular (with rounded corners) tanks with
water holding capacity ideal for spawning. The spawning tanks can be made of concrete,
FRP, or are FRP lined tanks. Tank depth should match the requirement of broodstock fishes
and also should be easy to facilitate the work of technicians. Even if automatic egg collectors
are used, enough space should be left around the spawning tanks to allow for manual
collection of eggs and broodstock handling.
7. Live Feed Culture Facilities

The live feed culture facility comprises the following units:
- Phytoplankton stock culture unit

- Rotifer pure strains and small volume culture unit
- Phytoplankton starter culture unit
- Phytoplankton intermediary culture unit
- Phytoplankton outdoor mass culture unit
- Rotifer mass culture and enrichment unit
- Copepod culture unit
- Artemia nauplii mass production and enrichment unit
Each unit has to be housed as separate bio secured area to avoid cross contamination. The
size and area of the unit has to be designed to match the production requirement. Each unit
has to be provided with proper aeration supply, treated brackish water and fresh water
supply lines, lighting, electricity plug points, proper floor slopping and drainage system.

1. Phytoplankton stock and starter culture unit
Pure strains of algae as well as starter cultures (from small vessels up to 5-20 litre
flasks/carboys), should be kept in an air-conditioned room under sterile conditions to avoid
possible contamination. Floor and walls in this unit should be tiled for easy washing and
disinfection. An adjacent storage room of smaller size can be constructed to store
chemicals, glassware and other consumables. The stock and starter culture facility should
have the brackish water lines fitted with cartridge filters and UV sterilisers to treat the water
prior to use.
The wooden or concrete slabs/ racks should be provided in this unit for placing the stock
cultures in test tubes or glass or plastic vessels with adequate lighting system to accelerate
the growth. A CO2 enriched air supply system can be connected to the culture vessels to
provide additional source of carbon and to ensure necessary turbulence for uniform mixing
of culture media.
Light is very important component in algal culture. The right-size fluorescent tubes have to
be conveniently placed to provide light at adequate intensity for pure algal strains and
larger starter culture vessels. Aeration is required to create turbulence and to provide
oxygen for both pure algae and starter cultures. To avoid the heating effect of the lights
installed in the unit, air conditioning is usually necessary to keep the temperature within an
optimal range.
2. Intermediate algae culture unit

In this unit, algae are cultured in large quantities in polyethylene (PE) bags/ Acrylic carboys/
FRP Tanks. They are used directly to as inoculums for culture of larger volumes of algae in
outdoor units. The bags/ carboys/FRP tanks have to be housed in a dedicated area adjacent
to the stock culture/starter culture unit. The floor of this room should be tiled to facilitate
easy cleaning and should have proper slope towards drainage canal.
Adequate fluorescent lights should be provided to accelerate the algal growth. The number
of bags/ carboys/FRP tanks required has to be calculated according to the time taken for the
culture to mature to the harvestable level and daily requirement for use in the outdoor
culture units. At least 20% additional volume has to be reared to supplement the loss due to

algal crash and slow growth during different climatic conditions. The aeration, water supply,
CO2 supply has to be provided according to the requirement.
Figure 16: Intermediary culture of algae

Source: http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/9709/1/Jeyakumar.pdf
3. Outdoor algal mass culture unit

In this unit, algae are cultured in large quantities in FRP/ concrete Tanks. The cement tanks
of rectangular size with a holding capacity of 5 -7 tones would be ideal for easy handling.
These tanks receive inoculums form the intermediary culture tanks. The FRP /concrete tanks
have to be placed in a dedicated area adjacent to the intermediary culture unit. Sufficient
lighting arrangement has to be provided through transparent roofing. The tanks should be
painted with white epoxy paint for improved light reflection. The floor of this unit should be
tiled to facilitate easy cleaning and should have proper slope towards drainage canal. The
number of FRP /cement tanks required has to be calculated according to the daily
requirement of algae for the rotifer culture facility and larvi culture unit. Time taken for the
culture to mature to the harvestable level also should be taken into consideration while
calculating the requirement. At least 20% additional volume has to be reared to supplement
the loss due to algal crash and slow growth during different climatic conditions. The
aeration, sea water and fresh water supply, has to be provided according to the
requirement.
4. Rotifer stock and starter culture unit

A similar set of facility like phytoplankton stock and starter culture unit except CO2 supply
shall be provided for the pure culture and starter culture of rotifers. Care should be taken to

avoid cross contamination while maintaining different varieties and sizes of rotifers
maintained in this unit.
5. Rotifer culture and enrichment unit

In this unit rotifers are cultured in large quantities in tanks of 1-to-5-ton capacity. This unit
has to be little away from the algal culture units to avoid cross contamination. The tanks can
be rectangular in shape made of FRP material or cement tanks with Epoxy painting. The
epoxy paint colour has to assist in light penetration and easy for observation and cleaning.
The rotifer culture unit has to be divided into multiple sub sections according to type and
size of the rotifers cultured. To avoid cross contaminations separate water lines, aeration
supply and impediments should be provided. Floor and walls should be covered with tiles
for frequent washing and disinfection to maintain hygienic conditions. As harvesting has to
be done in the same room, involving large quantities of culture water, an efficient drainage
system is required. The volume and number of tanks has to be designed according to the
daily requirement of rotifers and its and multiplication rate.
The space occupied by rotifer culture unit is determined by the expected maximum daily
consumption of rotifers by the larval fish rearing unit. The calculation should therefore take
into account:
- The peak daily amount and type of rotifers to be fed to fish larvae,
- The peak daily amount and type of rotifers to be re-used to inoculate
new tanks,
- The individual volume and number of the particular type of rotifer
mass culture tanks,
- The average density of enriched rotifer at harvest,
- The average number of days to get a mature rotifer culture.

Figure 17: Mass culture of rotifers
Source:https://aquaculture.ugent.be/Education/coursematerial/online%20cours
es/shrimp-cd/img/a1518.jpg
6. Artemia nauplii production and enrichment unit

The production of Artemia larval stages (nauplii and metanauplii) has to be carried out in a
separate area, usually adjacent to the rotifer culture unit. Separate brackish water and
freshwater lines, aeration lines should be provided. The tanks should be made of FRP
material with conical bottom for easy harvest of nauplii. As in the other units, the floor and
walls should be tiled to help maintain good hygienic conditions. As harvesting takes place in
the same room with tons of culture water being filtered daily, an adequate drainage system
is necessary. The daily requirement of nauplii and metanauplii for the larviculture has to be
calculated and accordingly the number and size of the tanks have to be calculated. This also
shall match with the hatching percentage of the Artemia cysts and incubation time.
8. Fish Larviculture Unit

Hatchery is one of the important activities. All other sections like algal culture, rotifer
culture are ancillary units to this activity. The fish larvae are very fragile, sensitive and prone
for outbreak of diseases. Utmost care should be taken while designing the larviculture unit.
This unit shall be separate from all other units and have proper bio security to avoid cross
contamination from outside and tanks within the facility. Adequate lighting has to be
provided for this unit. The tanks can be of either FRP or concrete materials. Ideally the tanks
should be rectangular with epoxy painting. The epoxy colour should assist the larvae for
easy prey catching and feeding. Floor and walls should be tiled to secure proper hygienic

conditions and to facilitate frequent cleaning. Since at harvest the tanks are emptied, an
adequate drainage system is required.
The basic considerations for the tanks in larviculture unit includes: -
- The larvae should be easily visible throughout the whole water

volume.
- The tank bottom should be easily accessible for daily cleaning; white/
yellow/ pale blue colour facilitates for better detection of dirt.
- Absence of dead zones to avoid anoxia, ammonia build-up, etc.
- Optimization of the aeration pattern.
- Low cost and local availability of building material.
- Optimal use of space.
- Simplified design of support systems (water circulation, air supply,
power supply, illumination).
- Minimal manpower requirements for their management.
- A large number of smaller tanks offers better protection against
disease outbreaks than few large tanks.
Each tank should be provided with an independent inlet and angle at which water enters the
tank will depend on tank design and on the age of the fish population. To prevent excessive
turbulence, the aeration in fish larval rearing tanks should be very gentle, with a low air
flow. Aeration has to be provided by means of one or more fine diffusers placed on the tank
bottom. Freshwater with a few delivery points and a wash-basin for cleaning purposes has
to be provided.
The larviculture tanks have to be designed according to the water volume necessary for
larval rearing based on:
- Number of fish larvae to be reared in each tank,

- Number of fingerlings required per production cycle,
- Final larval density and average survival in the larval rearing sector,
- Final larval density and average survival in the fingerling rearing
sector.

9. Nursery rearing unit
Figure 18: Fish larviculture tank

Source:https://aquaculture.ugent.be/Education/coursematerial/online%20cours
es/shrimp-cd/img/a1518.jpg
The nursery rearing unit is essentially to hold the fish larvae which have attained to the
weaning stage to inert larval diets. These larvae are expected to metamorphose within a
short span of time similar to the shape of adults. Nursery rearing unit requires larger size
rearing tanks. Nursery tanks are usually constructed adjacent to the larval rearing unit to
facilitate the easy transfer of fish larvae. Either rectangular or circular tanks can be used as
nursery rearing tanks. These tanks shall be made of either FRP/ cement with smooth
finishing to avoid bacterial and algal growth on the walls.
The drainage system should be larger than in the larval rearing unit as many times huge
volume of water will be used for flow through. The capacity of the tanks can range from 5 to
10 m3. Bigger size tanks will limit the flexibility required for frequent grading of fish
fingerlings. Brackish water, freshwater, aeration lines should be provided to this facility with
adequate lighting. Space requirement has to be calculated according to the production
aimed in each cycle. The tank colour should assist the easy cleaning, visibility etc

10. Ancillary Units
1. Pumping station and air blower room

The size and capacity of the pumps have to be calculated according to the water
requirement. The number of pumps have to be decided according to the yield of water from
each bore well. Drawing water from the open sea should be avoided as it carries lots of dirt,
organic matter, eggs and larval forms of different organisms, disease causing organisms,
parasites etc., For the hatchery operations drawing water from the sub soil through bore
wells will help to get pure filtered sea water. The location of pumping station should be
easily accessible, to simplify transport of pumps and other equipment. Further, the pumping
station should be located as close as possible to the hatchery to facilitate constant
surveillance. The brackish water bores should be installed in the deepest part of the sea
during the low tide, so as to get continuous supply of sea water during the entire
operational period. The pumps should be housed in a room to protect the motors and
electrical installations from heat, dust and. Proper fresh water lines should be provided in
the pump room for priming of the pumps. Air blowers have to be paced nearer to the pump
house or nearby area. The blower capacity has to be calculated according to the aeration
requirement in each section. A stand by blower has to be installed for use in the event of
failure of the main blower. The blower room shall be covered completely to reduce the
entry of dirt into the blowers. Similar covering blower room would provide sufficient proof
to avoid sound pollution.
Figure 19: Seawater pump

Source: http://www.argal.it/images/SATURNevo-pumps-fishfarm-backwashok.jpg
2. Water filtration and water storage

The brackish water pumped should be filtered through various types of filtration systems
like slow sand filters and rapid sand filters and can be stored in large sumps designed

according to the daily requirement of water in the hatchery. This would help to avoid the
entry of unwanted microorganisms, disease causing pathogens into the hatchery. Brackish
water and fresh water sumps have to be constructed to store sufficient quantity of water
required for the hatchery use. The brackish water sumps should have provision for
chlorination and dichlorination of water. The dechlorinated water can be passed through
rapid sand filters and cartridge filters. Overhead tanks have to be constructed within the
hatchery premises to store copious amount of Brackish water and fresh water for the
storage of water for day-to-day use. These tanks should be placed in an elevated area with
proper gravitational flow it can supply water to all sections of the hatchery. The water
requirement should be calculated for the daily operations and accordingly.
3. Electrical Generator Room

An electrical generator of suitable capacity has to be installed in the hatchery premises after
calculating the load requirement for the blowers, pumps, general lighting and heating
equipment. The generators have to be installed in a sound proof casing to avoid sound
pollution and preferably, they have to be placed far off from the broodstock holding area. In
event of failure of electricity supply from the local authorities for a longer period, the
captive generators shall have the capacity to support the entire hatchery operations. A
stand by generator is needed for pumps and blowers and general lighting in the event of the
failure of the main generators.
4. Workshop and Storage Room
A full-fledged workshop is required in the hatchery to meet the day-to-day maintenance

activities like pump repair, electrical maintenance works, blower repair etc., This unit has to
be provided with electrical supply, welding machines, cutting tools, pump and blower repair
equipment and accessories. This facility should have a storage room for stocking of aeration
& water pipes, other utilities of the hatchery.
5. Fish Feed Store
This storage facility should have air conditioning unit to store the larval feeds, inert diets,
Artemia cysts, hormones, antibiotics, health management chemicals etc. This store room
should be kept away from the area where water is extensively used. Deep freezers can be

installed outside this room to store feeds for the broodstock like, squids, crabs, shrimps, fish
etc.
6. Laboratory Room
The hatchery laboratory room has to be located close to the phyto/zooplankton unit or
larviculture unit. This laboratory will house microscopes, auto claves, Hot air ovens, etc. Its
size depends on the type and number of staff working in the laboratory. The laboratory
should be large enough to allow working together in a comfortable way while performing
their routine analyses or carrying out tests. Furniture in the laboratory should be similar to
that of a research laboratory, including, anti-corrosion benches for scientific instruments,
cupboards with transparent doors for storing glassware and chemical products, and large
desks with shelves. Cement floored open areas for drying of glassware, utensils, tanks etc.,
should be provided in the hatchery premises.
7. Office and seed packing area
Office and seed packing area should be located near the entrance of the hatchery to avoid
entry of visitors into the production facilities. A residential accommodation area for the
technical staff and kitchen also should be located near the entrance. A parking area for the
vehicles should be provided near the entrance of the hatchery to avoid moving of vehicles
within the production area. The whole hatchery area should have proper fencing/compound
wall to avoid entry of animals and unauthorized persons.

4.1.6 LAYOUT AND TANK DETAILS OF OYSTER FARM
The oysters are highly esteemed sea food and considered a delicacy in USA, Europe, Japan
etc. In India there is a growing demand for oyster meat in some parts of the country. It is
said that ‘oyster’ is scientifically the best-known marine animal. It is one of the most widely
cultivated species. As early as the first century BC the Romans were the first to develop
simple methods of collecting oyster seeds and growing them for food. The Japanese
developed farming methods that yielded good results. The awareness about the vast
potentialities for development of oyster farming in tropics is recent. Serious efforts are now
being directed in its development under tropical conditions.
1. Broodstock:
Broodstock for hatchery use is usually obtained from a commercial unit's own sea-based
grow out facility and is from selected stock maintained in the best possible conditions. They
are held in separate flow-through tanks supplied with cultured algae supplemented
seawater at 20–22 °C and salinity within the range 25–32‰.
Figure 20: Broodstock tank detail

Source: https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/F2hbkqjQIH-
PtAN29aMi1RZIznf052hDwO2hTA61rjowBcqfDAurUwiyyx7UQoijPkZC8YpBxpdkeyl0Gh7M8Q

2. Larval and Post-Larval Culture
Larvae are grown in either static water or flow-through tank systems through to the pelagic
veliger stage, which lasts 14 to 18 days at 25–28 °C. Optimum salinity is between 20 and
25‰. Materials such as slightly roughened, black PVC sheets, fluted PVC pipes, shells or
shell particles are used as settlement surfaces. Alternatively, mature larvae may be packed
and shipped to oyster growers to set themselves and grow to market size at sites often at
great distance from the hatchery.
Figure 21: Larval and post larval culture tank detail

Source: http://www.fao.org/3/y5720e/y5720e09.htm
An eight (400-L) tank flow-through system. Each tank includes: A = incoming seawater tube;
B = incoming algal tube; C = seawater discharge; D = 6-inch-diameter overflow trap; E = 12-
inch-diameter floor trap; and F = incoming air and drain valve.
3. Nursery
Hatcheries frequently operate either sea-based or land-based nurseries in which spat are
grown from as small as 1 mm length to 12–15 mm. This method is adopted to reduce
Figure 22: Nursery tank

Source: https://hoopersisland.com/equipment-item/downweller-upweller-tank/

mortality in small spat, which may occur if they are transferred directly to sea-based grow-
out. Yields of 10–15 mm seed for grow-out can reach 3 tonnes/ha in upwelling nurseries
supplied from fertilized ponds.
4. Rack and Tray Method

The nursery-reared single spat (cultch-free) measuring about 25 mm are transferred to trays
of size 40 x 40 x 10 cm at a density of 150 to 200 oysterlings/ tray. The tray is knitted with 2
mm synthetic twine of appropriate mesh and is suspended from rack. Once the oysters
reach 50 mm length they are segregated and transferred to rectangular tray of size 90 x 60 x
15 cm these trays are placed on the racks. Each tray holds 150 to 200 oysters. The average
growth rate of the oyster is 7 mm/month and at the end of 12 months the oysters attain an
average length of 85 mm in Tuticorin. The production is estimated at 120 t/ha/year.
Compared to the string method, this method gives production but the production cost is
high.
Figure 23: Rack and tray method of oyster farming

Source:https://extension.umd.edu/sites/extension.umd.edu/files/_images/programs/aquaculture/03%20S
%20Hood.pdf

4.1.8 FISH POND DETAILS
Figure 24: Fish pond in training center

Source: https://kj1bcdn.b-cdn.net/media/23072/dsc01241.jpg
- Fish pond
The layout of the pond system depends on the species for culture and on the size and shape
of the area, which in turn determines the number and sizes of ponds and the position of the
water canals and gates. A fish farm is considered properly planned if all the water control
structures, canals, and the different pond compartments mutually complement each other.
A complete fish farm has nursery and grow-out ponds and, in some instances, transition
ponds for intermediate-sized fish, all of which are properly proportioned and positioned
within.
• Design of Pond Facilities

A fish pond system consists of the following basic components:
(i) pond compartments enclosed by dikes;
(ii) canals for supply and drainage of water to and from the pond compartments; and
(iii) gates or water control structures to regulate entry and exit of water into and from the
pond compartments.

Figure 24: Fish pond arrangement
Source: http://www.fao.org/3/t8598e/t8598e05.htm
Figure 25: Fish pond arrangement

Source: http://www.fao.org/3/t8598e/t8598e05.htm
The entire pond system is enclosed by a perimeter dike and the individual pond
compartments are separated from each other by partition dikes. The outer perimeter dike is
usually wider and higher than the inner partition dikes and serves to protect the entire fish

pond area from flooding and
destruction brought about by tide
and wave action. The inner dikes
are narrower and shorter.
The design of the dikes depends

primarily on soil characteristics.
The side slopes are designed for
structural stability, the ratio of
horizontal length to height ranging
from 1:1 to 1:3. The height and
width of dikes depend on the type
Figure 26: Dike details
(primary, secondary, or tertiary), tide Source: http://www.fao.org/3/t8598e/t8598e05.htm
conditions, flood level, pond water depth, soil shrinkage.
4.1.10 BLACKISH WATER PRAWN THAT CAN BE CULTIVATED IN MIYANI
Sr.no Botanical name Common Salinity (ppt) Price Culture

name duration
4 Metapenaeus Speckled Can tolerate 5-8g in 3
monoceros prawn wide months
fluctuation culture period.
5 Metenapaeus affinis King prawn Rs.1000/- per kg
6 Palaemon stylifera Marine Can tolerate 70-80g in 100-
prawn wide 200 days of
fluctuation culture.
7 P.monodon Giant tiger 2-30 The price for 30-45g in 5 to
prawn male is only in 6 months
the range Rs.50
to Rs.150/-. The
female “empties”
(with developing
ovaries) are
generally sold at
between Rs.400
and Rs.800/-.
Table 1: Cultivable brackish water prawn
Source: Author

4.1.12 BLACKISH WATER FISHES THAT CAN BE CULTIVATED
Botanical name Common Salinity Price Culture
Sr.no name (ppt) duration
1 Mugil parsia Grey mullet Can Rs.300/- 130-
tolerate per kg 150mm/15-
wide 50g during
fluctuation one-year
culture.
2 Mugil tade Tade mullet Can Rs.200/- 300mm/250g
tolerate per kg in one-year
wide culture
fluctuation
3 Mugil macrolepis Grey mullet Can Rs.300/- 220mm during
tolerate per kg first year or
wide culture
fluctuation
4 Mugil cephaulus Jumping/big Can Rs.100/- Male species
head tolerate per kg can grow
wide 130mm/250-
fluctuation 450g female
grows about
350-
400mm/800-
900g in one
year
5 Chanos chanos Milk fish Rs.150 – 500g in one
160 /kg and half years’
time
6 Etroplus surtensis Pearl spot Rs.400/- 25-30g in one
per kg year
7 Eleuthronema India Rs.540/-
tetradactylum salmon/thread per kg
fin
8 Mystus gulio Long Rs.954/-
whiskered per kg
catfish export
quality
9 Anguilla bengalensis Eel Rs.300/-
per kg
Table 2: Cultivable brackish water fishes
Source: Author

4.1.13 AQUACULTURE INSTITUTE AND TRAINING CENTER IN SAURASHTRA
REGION
- Inland Fisheries Research Station Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat
The main reason for poor productivity in aquaculture is non-existence of any research
facility in the State for inland aquaculture development. In order to conduct research in the
field of inland fish farming and development of technology suitable to the local agro-climatic
conditions, College of Fisheries, Junagadh Agricultural University, Veraval made a project
proposal of “Establishment of Inland Fisheries Research Centre at Junagadh" to the State
Government in 10th five-year plan which was approved without any staff setup.
Total area of farm is about 5.0 ha. There are stocking ponds (100x30x1.5M). For water
supply 5 bore wells have been made.
- Fisheries Research and Training Center Junagadh Agricultural University, Mahuva

Dist: Bhavnagar
Salinity ingress in coastal fellow land is increasing at alarming rates in the country especially
in semi-arid and arid climates of the northern and western states including Gujarat. Due to
this agricultural production in salt affected soils is drastically reduced. In India research on
aquaculture aspects in Inland Saline water regions was started with a survey of saline water
resources by the Central Institute of Capture Fisheries Research Institute of ICAR. As a
result, it could be possible to successfully culture several brackish water fish species in
Inland saline water. However much more efforts are needed to have its contribution in the
socio-economic development of affected regions. In Gujarat majority of people are not
aware of fish farming and its prospects, hence it is necessary to create awareness among
the people of Gujarat to adopt fish farming as a profession. In order to address the issue of
utilization of saline ground water in salt affected soil by aqua-based production system
modules in coastal area of Saurashtra for development of suitable technology and to
transfer the technologies by imparting training to the end users, this project is envisaged. In
order to impart training to the farmers for adopting fish farming and to utilize available
resources in a scientific manner and for generating employment opportunities in rural
youths of coastal districts, a systematic full-fledged advanced training centre can play a vital
role in enhancement of inland fish production.

1) Temperature Max 300C
2) Min 190C
3) Salinity 37 to 42 ppt
4) pH 7.8 to 8.2
5) DO2 4.1 to 5.3 ppm
6) Turbidity 12 to 33 cm
7) Alkalinity >50 ppm
8) Hardness >50 ppm
9) Total Dissolved Solids 18 to 33 mg/lt
10) Ammonia nitrogen 0.0 to 0.12
11) Nitrite nitrogen 0.0 to 0.33
12) Nitrate nitrogen 0.1 to 2.8
13) Rainfall 1000-2500mm
14) Humidity >50-60%
Table 3: Chemistry of brackish water in Bhavnagar

Source: http://www.jau.in/index.php/resources/research-stations-top/south
saurashtra/fisheries-research-and-training-centre-jau-mahuva

Sr. Title & Date of Training Total no. of Waiting list Engaged in
participant for Fisheries shrimp farming
certified training business
1 Brackish water shrimp farming 30 12 7

management, conducted one
training during (2014) for (07)
seven days.
2 Brackish water shrimp farming 40+30 4+93 3+18

management, conducted two
training during (2015) for (05) five
days.
70 157 21
3 Brackish water shrimp farming 20+30+50+50 93+109 06+02+11+3
management, conducted four
training during (2016) for (05) five
days.
150 202 22
4 Ek Divasy Matsvya Mehela 173 - -
Khedut shibir 2016 (Fish Handling
& Processing and Value addition)
5 Especially awareness seminar for 79 - -

SHRIMP FARMER of Bhavnagar
district
6 Brackish water shrimp farming 50x3=150 - 11
management, conducted three
(05) five days training during
2017.
7 Awareness to Shrimp Diseases 49 - -
on” WHITE GUT & FAECAL”
remedial and diagnosis program
(2017).
8 Brackish water shrimp farming 50x2=100 106 0

management, conducted one five
training during 2018.
Total 801 371 61
Table 4: Number of trainees participated in training program over the years

Source: http://www.jau.in/index.php/resources/research-stations-top/south saurashtra/fisheries-research-and-
training-centre-jau-mahuva

- College of Fisheries (CF), Veraval Courses & Fees
Courses in institute are B.F.Sc. (Bachelor of Fishery Science) and M.F.Sc. (Master of Fisheries
Science) and Duration of those courses are 4 Years and 2 Years respectively. CF BFSc
Eligibilty Criteria is 12th pass
At College of Fisheries the students are endowed with modern infra and convenient
amenities that alongside make learning more interesting. Some of the facilities include well
ventilated classrooms, recreational areas, hostel facility for boys and girls, indoor and
outdoor games, stocked library, seamless internet connectivity, medical facilities etc.
4.1.15 PROFIT IN AQUACULTURE

The break-even price for the tiger shrimp through semi-intensive culture system is worked
out at Rs.161/kg and Rs. 126/kg, while it fetches market sales price of Rs. 350 to 400/kg.
White shrimp culture is less risky and the break-even price worked out to Rs.166 /kg in
semi-intensive and Rs. 88/kg in improved extensive culture while it obtains market sales
price of Rs. 300-350/kg.
Break-even price of other farming systems like crab culture worked out to Rs. 107/kg and
crab fattening to Rs. 173/kg while the market sales price of crab is Rs. 250/kg.
In mussel culture, break-even price worked out to Rs. 3.35/kg (market sales price Rs.8/kg)
4.1.16 GOVT INITIATIVE FOR AQUACULTURE IN GUJARAT

- Purchase of aerator Financial assistance
In order to accelerate the shrimp farming activities, the shrimp farmers are entitled to a
financial assistance of Rs. 24,000. An applicant will be eligible for subsidy up to a maximum
of four units. One beneficiary will be eligible for assistance at one and maximum four
aerators per hectare. Will be able to avail the benefits of this scheme again after five years.
Under this scheme, road, drainage and electricity supply facilities are provided for shrimp
farming farms.

- Plans to build infrastructure facility for shrimp farming
To build road, drainage and power supply facilities for shrimp farming farms, the facility is
provided to the shrimp farming holders at the expense of the Government as per the plan
estimate certified by the Engineer of Roads and Building Department.
- Financial assistance for the development of Shrimp Farming

In the first year of this program, it is planned to provide financial assistance for the purpose
of construction of the farm and for the improvement of the farm. For construction /
construction of new ponds for farms with a water spread area of up to 3 hectares, 27%
subsidy against the capital cost per hectare or a maximum of Rs. 30,000 / - per hectare and
financial assistance is suggested per beneficiary up to a maximum limit of Rs. 4.00 lakhs. And
for farm improvement / renovation up to 3 hectare of water spread area (water spread
area) per hectare against the capital cost of Rs. 80% / - and a maximum of Rs. 1.00 lakh
financial assistance is given to the beneficiary. Under this scheme, road, drainage and
electricity supply facilities are provided for shrimp farming farms.
- Financial Assistance for Bird Fencing and Dog Fencing for Development of
Aquaculture
Beneficiaries purchase polythene liners up to 4.00-hectare shrimp farm growers at a unit

cost of Rs. 2,00,000 / - per hectare 3% or Rs. 1,2,000 / - whichever is less and Bird Fencing
Unit Cost Rs. 10,000 / - per hectare 50 per cent or Rs. 5,000 / - and Dog Fencing Unit Cost Rs.
5,000 / - per hectare 50 per cent or Rs. 12,500 / - whichever is less.
- For establishment of Shrimp (Prawn) Seed Hatchery
The unit price of the hatchery is kept at Rs.500.00 lakhs. In which a maximum assistance of
Rs.500.00 lakh is paid by the State Government at the rate of 50%.

4.2 STUDY OF CANNED FISH PROCESS.
4.2.1 CANNED FISH DEMAND

1. Market Overview:
With the concept of 'open and eat food products gaining popularity due to compact
packaging and the fast lifestyle of consumers, the demand for canned seafood is growing.
Market Research Future (MRFR) has published a research report about global canned
seafood market that envisions boost for this market with 3.6% CAGR (Compound Annual
Growth Rate) for this market between 2017 and 2023.
Some of the key factors aiding the growth of global canned seafood market include high
shelf life of the products, increasing consumer inclination to adopt healthy food habits,
increasing popularity of ready to eat food products, mounting growth of food service
industry, and new product development.
2. Segment:
Based on the distribution channels, this market has been segmented into the store based
and non-store based. Although store-based distribution channel holds the larger market
share, the market share of non-store based is expected to rise rapidly during the forecast
period.
3. Regional Analysis:
According to the report, the India is expected to emerge as the fastest growing regional
market and during the forecast period. The key reasons for the market growth are rapid
urbanization, rising disposable income, speedy economic development, and growing
awareness about health-conscious lifestyle among consumers.

4.2.2 PRODUCTION PROCESS FOR CANNING FISH
1. Inspection of The Raw Fish: Fish from each vessel hold are taken off the conveyor at
the time of unloading by a quality control technician.
2. Butchering and Washing: The fish are “cannery butchered” by mechanical

equipment. This means the head, fins, and tail are removed; the fish is gutted
(eviscerated); and the belly cavity washed. The fish are also manually inspected at
this point to ensure that salmon species are not mixed, that the fish are free of
“defects.” The fish are also sorted as to grade prior to canning.
3. Cutting and Filling The cannery-butchered fish are fed into a filling machine that
cuts the fish into transverse sections and fills it into the empty cans. Only salt is
added to the empty cans (1.0% to 1.5% salt by weight) prior to filling. Nothing else is
added to the canned salmon. The liquid in the can is natural liquid that cooks-out
from the fish flesh. The salt is omitted from our no-salt-added products.
4. Weighing and Patching After the cans are filled, the cans pass over a scale and onto
a “patching” (inspection) table. Cans which are underweight are adjusted, and all
cans are checked and adjusted for appearance defects including mixed salmon
species.
5. Closing and Seaming Immediately after the patching table, the lid (with an
embossed code) is put onto the can by the “clincher” and the double-seam is formed
in a vacuum-seaming machine. The seamed cans, which typically have 10 to 12
inches of vacuum, are then checked for leakage using electronic dud detectors and
loaded into large racks or “buggies” for heat processing. The mean net weight of the
cans is checked by quality control personnel at the end of the canning line prior to

heat processing. For half-pound cans the mean net weight is 213 grams, and for
quarter-pound cans the mean net weight is 106 grams.
6. Heat Processing The buggies of cans are loaded into large double-ended retorts
(steam pressure vessels) which are first “vented” (purged of all entrapped air and
pre-warmed) for a minimum of 18 minutes and at a minimum temperature of 225 F.
They are then heat processed for 70 minutes at 245 F for half-pound (213 g) tapered
cans or 43 minutes at 245 F for quarter-pound (106 g) straight-wall cans, as per
National Food Processors Association (NFPA) Bulletin No. 26-L.
7. Cooling, Palletizing, and Warehousing Following heat processing, the steam is

turned-off, the pressure is reduced, the doors on the retort are opened, and the cans
are spray-cooled with chlorinated cooling water which has a minimum 2 ppm
residual chlorine after a contact time of 20 minutes. The cans are only cooled to
approximately 140 F, such that sufficient heat remains in the cans so that they will
dry and not rust. The buggies are tipped to remove excess residual water and
allowed to stand until the cans are cool and dry. The cooled cans are then brite-
stacked (palletized unlabelled0, wrapped with plastic stretch-wrap, and then
transported by truck to a warehouse.
8. Product Inspection It is a regulatory requirement that all canned salmon be

inspected to ensure that only acceptable quality product enters into commercial
trade. Regulations also require that canned salmon be held in the packers
warehouse for a minimum of 10 days prior to shipment of the product. Accordingly,
the quality control department takes samples of every code packed for sensory
evaluation as a check on product quality. This final product check includes both
sensory characteristics and appearance defects, including the presence of mixed
species.
9. Screening and Labeling Our producer's canned salmon HACCP plan identifies
Product Screening via Checkweigher (CW) and Double Dud Detector (DDD) as a
Critical Control Point (CCP) for identifying and removing defective cans. Accordingly,
all canned salmon packed is screened according to the criteria specified by the CFIA

Screening Protocol to ensure that all shipments comply with Good Manufacturing
Practice (GMP) standards for container integrity. Product screening is an integral
part of the labeling line process that includes application of “Best Before” dates,
carton labeling, and pre-shipment final product inspection.
10. Commitment to Quality Vital Choice and its suppliers are committed to producing
safe, wholesome, and high-quality products and to operating in compliance with
accepted international Good Manufacturing Practice standards. To achieve these
objectives, each has developed and implemented quality assurance programs and
processes designed specifically to meet customer specifications.
4.2.3 SITE REQUIREMENT
It is vital that a fish cannery be situated near a harbour to avoid high transport costs and
other problems when fish is transported long distances after being landed. A cannery will
also require labour electricity, water, and disposal of waste.
A large number of fish becomes waste during the process of canning and because of this
disposal of this waste should be considered during the selection of site. To avoid
unnecessary cost by transporting waste to fish meal, or fish silage plants, it would be
preferable to locate the cannery near such a plant.
The criteria to be considered when selecting plant site are as follows:
• Availability of labour
• Availability of electricity
• Availability of water
• Disposal facilities for waste
• Suitable land
• Communication and transport facilities
• Prospects for expansion
• Proximity to markets

Plant Without provision for expansion (m²) With provision for expansion (m²)
Salmon 2500 3500
Table 5: Size of the site required for the plant capacities (based on one storey buildings)
Source: http://www.fao.org/3/R6918E/R6918E09.HTM
4.2.4 REQUIREMENTS FOR WATER, ENERGY AND LABOUR
Processing m³/hour
plant Thawing Processing Sterilization Other Total Capacity
& line (tons raw fish/8
dressing h)
Salmon - 10 25 5 40 8
Table 6: Water requirement
Processing plant Electricity Steam Fuel oil Capacity

(kWh per 8 h) kg/h (litre/h.) (tons raw fish/h)
Equipment Total
Salmon 800 1200 2 500 170 8
Table 7: Energy requirement (approx.)
Installation Net space

Canteen 1.2 m² per employee
(kitchen not included)
Showers 1.0 m² per shower
and changing rooms 2 m² per worker
Table 8: Approximate space requirements for sanitary installation
- First-aid services must be provided within the factory area.

- Security will depend on the local conditions. Watchmen should always be included.

- Fire protection equipment must be installed both inside and outside buildings. Fire
extinguishers should be installed at strategic points indoors. Outdoors fire hydrants
for engines should be located at strategic sites.
- Refrigeration should be provided to suit the condition in which the fish are received
for processing, i.e., iced fish, or frozen.
Machines and equipment Daily Weekly Monthly
Nobbing machines X
Brining machines X
Packing lines X
Scales X
Seaming machines X
Retorts X
Fork lifts X
Steam boilers X
Can washing X
Machines X
Table 9: Frequency of inspection procedures for maintenance


• Labour
Operations
Salmon
(capacity 10 tons per 8 h)
Thawing/brining 2
General labour 1
Head cutting/Nobbing 6
Packing 26
Inspection 1
Seaming/filling 3
Seaming machine expert 1
Retorting/can washing 3
Internal transport/storage 1
Foreman 1
Inspector 1
Mechanic 1
Total direct production 47
Administration 4
Watchmen and canteen 2
Factory cleaning 2
Manager 1
Total employers 55
Table 10: Estimated number of employees required for canning

• The below figures is an example of a fish canning industry.
Figure 27: Fish house and canning room

Source: https://saveitforparts.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/kake1.jpg
Structure is divided into two parts: Fish house and Canning room. Figure 1 is the detail of
fish house. Activities involved in fish house are:
- A fleet of tenders with wooden fish scows in tow transport the salmon catch to the
cannery processing.
- Receiving elevators move the fish from the scows to a system of conveyor belt that
operated between the docks and the fish house.
- Workers sorted the salmon by species and size into large wooden bins.
- A second conveyor belt transfer the salmon to metal hoppers located above the two
iron chinks.
- Two spherical wood slat tanks with concrete floors contained brine for temporary
salmon storage.
- The iron chink removed head, tail, fins, and viscera.
- Workers cleaned and inspected the salmon before the cutting process.

- One Iron chink commonly fed one or two lines. Each line consisted of a rotary cutting
machine, filling machine, weighing station, inspection table, clincher, closing
machine and washing machine.
Figure 28: Salmon canning and storage room

Source: https://saveitforparts.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/kake1.jpg
Process involve in a canning room are:

- Mechanical brushes the scrubbed the sealed cans before they are rolled to the
cooler loading station.
- Shallow tray of stap iron called “coolers” held the can for cooking.
- Low trucks or retort cars running on small gauge fixed iron rails transport loads of
stacked coolers to transfer cars operating in front of the line of retorts.
- Retorts have sufficient diameter to take a full car of coolers and are long enough to
hold four to five car loads at one time.
- Workers unload the cooked fish on hand cars and passed the cans through a final
soap and water rinse. They are then finally removed from the coolers and stacked for
cooling and casing.

Chapter 5
Case Study

5.1 A Public Aquaculture Centre at Charlestown Navy Yard, Boston
The desire to teach about the environment suggests that the aquaculture centre and fish
farm should accommodate the public, integrating them into the facility while maintaining
unobtrusive control over their movement.
Figure 29: A plan of the Clarlestown navy yard with proposed project
Source: https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/68759
Floor Plans and Area
The ground floor, or "wet floor", is where tanks, processing, and research labs exist. A 2,400
square feet is available for tanks of various sizes for different purposes. In general, tank size
increases as fish mature, with stocking densities, i.e., kilograms of fish per cubic meter,
remaining somewhat constant.

On the eastern end, research on the culture of new
species and other experimentation can occur in
parallel with the production process, thereby
allowing for valuable interaction of production and
research.
The second floor is primarily exhibit space, with

outdoor views onto the dry dock and an indoor
catwalk overlooking the culture tanks.
Administration, offices, lounge and library are on

the third floor.
The public enters into a large atrium then moves through the large exhibit area on the
second floor. A catwalk connecting a cafe and exit to the opposite harbour end of the
building allows visibility of much of the fish production below, which include egg fertilization
and hatching, and other harvesting and rearing activities. Accessibility to the dry dock can
be controlled by limiting access on the ground floor.
Figure 30: Plan of the proposed aquaculture centre, showing programmatic

layout on ground level.
Figure 31: Long section showing the programmatic arrangement by floor, looking south.

FINAL DRAWINGS
Figure 32: Ground floor plan

Figure 33: First floor plan

Figure 34: Second floor plan


Figure 35: Section 1, Processing area on the ground level with lookout, café on second floor

Figure 36: Section 2, Tanks on the ground floor, exhibit on second floor, offices on third floor.

Figure 37: Section 3, Research labs and offices on first floor, main exhibition space on second floor

Figure 38: Sections giving the proper profile angle for December 21, at 12:00, 2:00 and 4:00pm. These were used
to determine sun reflector dimensions and to determine daylighting sufficiency
Figure 39: Sections giving the proper profile angle for August 21, at 12:00, 2:00 and 4:00pm. These were used to
determine sun reflector dimensions and to determine daylighting sufficiency.

The goal of the wind's movement was to maximize natural ventilation in the summer-at the
site level and at the building size-and to minimize uncomfortable wind in the winter.
Figure 40: Plan and section of the site, showing predicted wind patterns for summer (dotted) and winter (black)

Figure 41: South Elevation
Figure 42: North Elevation

Case study Inference:

1. Connectivity of spaces – Exhibit zone and tank connectivity, Tank and Processing
unit, Research lab and office.
2. Controlling movement of Visitor, Students and Staff.
3. Different ways in which we can bring daylight into the structure.
4. Zoning of spaces
5. Climate responsive design.
6. Visual connectivity of interpretation space and office to rearing of aquaculture
activity.

5.2 Marine Aquaculture Research & Education Center, North
Carolina
Figure 43: Site plan

Source: https://www.shueda.com/?portfolio=marine-aquaculture-research-education-center
In coastal North Carolina, there has been a steady decline in the fishing industry, one of its
most robust natural and economic resources, due to overfishing and imported seafood,
combined with growth in the construction sector. However, a once rich and varied
vernacular architectural language that spoke specifically to its place has, over time, been
replaced with what can be described as an architecture without identity, an architecture
without its own character, all while the area is experiencing exponential population growth.
It is hereby proposed that because.
1. There is a strong and underserved local, national, and international demand for
North Carolina seafood, including oysters, shrimp, and other shellfish.
2. There is no regional resource for aquaculture research, and no existing resource to
educate the public on its benefits.

3. There is a cultural need to establish a new vernacular architecture that responds to
contemporary necessities as well as cultural heritage.
A new Marine Aquaculture Research & Education Center will be a valuable asset to the
coastal Carolina region. It shall sustainably respond to protected harsh environments,
provide employment to graduates of local college-level aquaculture programs, provide
aquaculture seafood to the local, national, and international markets, and serve as an
architectural precedent for new vernacular architecture to the local construction and real
estate industries. The project seeks to find a balance between the programmatic necessities
of the building type, sustainability, and reclamation of cultural identity.


Figure 45: Building section
Figure 46: Lab ground floor plan


Figure 47: Lab first floor plan
Figure 48: View from entrance

Figure 49: Administration building, research/tech building and educational block


Figure 50: Semi open educational block
Figure 51: Sustainable strategy

1. Connectivity of spaces – Site has been divided into three parts- Education, public
amenities, administration and research tech at the entrance, labs with admiration and
research tech at the top. Security acts as a buffer zone between labs and education
space.
2. Controlling movement of Visitor, Students and Cultivators.
3. Use of Vernacular architecture
4. Open, Semi open and close space in a training institute.

5.3 Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth college of
fisheries, Shirgoan, Ratnagiri.
Introduction:
College of Fisheries under the Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli was
established in 1981 at the Marine Biological Research Station Campus, Peth Killa, Ratnagiri
and was relocated at village Shirgaon, 3 Kms from Ratnagiri city. Presently, the College has a
wide campus area of around 1,45,000 square meters.
A two storied College Academic Building having an area of 3749 square meters is located
right in front of the main entrance of the College Campus.

Source: http://cofrtn.org/college-campus/

Ground floor:
The ground floor of Academic Building consists of three wings, one housing Associate Dean’s
Office, Assistant Registrar Office, Examination Branch & College Administrative office. The
second wing houses the College Library, Reading Room, Information Technology Cell &
Committee Room. Third wing consists of a Fish Processing Hall, Modular Kitchen,
Microbiology Laboratory, Gymnasium, Indoor games facilities such as Table Tennis, Carom,
Chess & Physical Training instructor’s Office.
Figure 53: Ground floor plan

First floor:
The first floor of Academic Building houses three departments, viz. the ‘Department of Fish
Processing Technology and Microbiology’ having Value Added Fish Product Laboratory,
Biochemistry Laboratory, Classroom and Departmental Staff Rooms. The second wing
houses the ‘Department of Aquaculture’ with its UG & PG Laboratories & Classrooms, Fish
Nutrition and Feed Laboratory, Store & Chemical Preparation Room and Departmental Staff
Rooms. Third wing is occupied by ‘Department of Fisheries Biology’ housing UG & PG

Laboratories, a well-stocked Museum, Fish Bio-Technology Laboratory apart from
Departmental Staff Rooms.
Figure 54: First floor plan

Second floor plan:
The second floor of Academic Building consists of three wings, housing three Departments
and an Exam Hall. Department of Fisheries Resources, Economics, Statistics and Extension
Education housed on this floor, has a Computer Laboratory, Classroom and Departmental
Staff Room. Department of Fisheries Engineering has a well-equipped laboratory cum
workshop and Departmental Staff Rooms. The second wing is occupied by Department
Fisheries Hydrography and has a Central Instrumentation Cell, well developed UG & PG
laboratories for physical and chemical oceanography, soil and water chemistry, Classroom
and Departmental Staff Rooms.

Figure 55: Second floor plan
Department of Aquaculture:
The Department of Aquaculture is the prime department of College of Fisheries imparting

knowledge of various subjects in B.F.Sc. degree programme and has M.F.Sc. and Ph.D.
degree programme in two disciplines viz. Aquaculture and Fish Nutrition and Feed
Technology. This department aims at developing the manpower required for the ever-
growing aquaculture industry. The scientists from this department are actively engaged in
finding scientific methods to produce better fish and shellfish varieties, improved fish feeds
and aquaculture techniques that could be easily adopted by the fish farmers. The “lab to
land” programmes are implemented with vigour and enthusiasm by the students of this
department through the hands on training and experiential learning programme.
The Department has different sections of laboratories dealing with specialization for the
research work of post graduate students of faculty:

Name & Number Area Nature of Practical’s conducted
Laboratories Wet laboratory 442.36 m2 Practicals such as brood stock
management, identification of sex,
setting up of breeding tanks,
breeding and egg incubation, larval
rearing, rearing of ornamental
fishes, fabrication and repair of all-
glass tanks, setting up of aquarium,
production of live food organisms
Algal culture Culture of marine phytoplanktons
laboratory is carried out.
Disease diagnostics Practicals on DNA and RNA
laboratory isolation, quantification of nucleic
acids, PCR technique for diagnosis
of important diseases of finfishes
and shellfishes, gel electrophoresis
of nucleic acids, PAGE analysis of
proteins, basic practicals on
bacteriology are undertaken
Feed analysis Proximate composition of feed
laboratory ingredients and feeds is done.
Workshop —
Instructional Farm
No. of Ponds 3 5000m2 Pre-stocking, stocking and post-
stocking management of nursery
and rearing pond is undertaken in
one pond.
Production capacity — — —
Hatchery complex and
it’s component
Production capacity — — —
List of Equipment / Muffle Furnance, Air blower, Mixer, Black FRP cylinder
Instruments/Implemen conical Artemia cyst hatching jars, FRP flat bottom oval tanks having
ts etc. available in Labs/ 1000 lit, FRP flat bottom circular tanks, Analytical Balance, Digital built in
Farms/ hatcheries/ camera Microscope, Refractometer, Electrocautery apparatus, Pulverizer
Workshop cum hammer mill, Digital microscope, Minispin, Mixmate, Air Sterilizer,
PCR Machine, Fibre plus, DO/pH Meter PD 300, Vertical gel
electrophoresis, Spectrophotometer, Dissection Microscope, Monocular
Microscope, Paddle wheel aerator, Automatic solvent Extraction system,
Wax bath, Digital weighing Balance, all-glass tanks, canister filter.
Table 11: Different type of Laboratories required in a Fisheries college

1. Activity inside the campus is too scattered.
2. There is lack of interactive space.
3. There is no connectivity of spaces between degree and diploma college although it
serves some of the same purposes.
4. Fisheries college is divided into three wing and each wing has its own HOD.
5. It is a typical college building which serves only its function.

Chapter 6
Site Study

Country: India
State: Gujarat
District: Porbandar
S Porbandar
G tudDistrict
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d Ar
R ea District
Tehsil: Porbandar taluka eg
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Village: Miyani
Total area: 48 acres

Miyani
Srinagar
Po
Current usage: land is used for cultivation purpose.
rb
an
Arabian Sea
da
rB
lo
ck
Mander
Mul Madhavpur Divarana
M
an
gr
Coordinates: 21.844099, 69.389009
ol
SHil
Blo
Lohej
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Maktupur
Porbandar District
Junagadh District
Study Blocks
6.1 Reason to choose the site

Study Villages
Figure 56: Map of Porbandar

Source: https://pwx-in-
• Porbandar is India oldest port. Porbandar have been attachments.s3.amazonaws.com/addendu
m/2634/Miyani.doc
into fishing business since years, it is a major hub of
India for import and export of fishes.
• Large source of income in Porbandar comes from fishing industry.
• Miyani village which comes under Porbandar taluka has salinity ingress is an issue
because seawater mixing with local ground water. Due to this farmer are getting
affected as their crops are been destroyed. The financial requirement of the farming
community has increased due to an increasing shift towards cash crops, which
demand high input. The survey has recorded that more than 50 per cent of the
farmers are seeking loans. This trend has also resulted in people migrating for work.
Aquaculture production plant would be a possibility for them to relocation the work.
• Brackish water is near to the site.
• Site is favourable for aquaculture farming.
6.2 General details

The Miyani Village located in Porbandar Taluka; it is located 50 Km from Porbandar city.
Total population of village is approximately 3239 with about 650 families. Overall Sex Ratio

is 943, the same for age group 0-6 years is 862 (2001 Census). Schedule Caste (SC)
population is 7.4% and Schedule Tribe (ST) is 0.2%., 1644 are males and 1595 are females as
per 2011 census. Expected Miyani population 2019/2020 is between 3,142 and 3,887.
Literate people are 1584 out of 976 are male and 608 are female. People living in Miyani
depend on multiple skills, total workers are 1246 out of which men are 850 and women are
396. Total 158 Cultivators are depended on agriculture farming out of 115 are cultivated by
men and 43 are women. 68 people works in agricultural land as a labour in Miyani, men are
28 and 40 are women.
• Major Economy
Major occupation in the village is agriculture, fishing and labour work in mines. Crops grown
are groundnut, cotton, wheat, gram, green gram, sesame and castor.
• Fishing Community in Miyani village
Kharva community and Koli community.
The Kharva community is distributed throughout the coastal areas of Saurashtra region. It is
believed that the Kharwa originated from Rajasthan and migrated to the coast during the
tenth century, where they took up fishing as well, and imported and exported goods on ships.
• Water condition
Major water resources:
- Villagers fetch water from Medha Dam for drinking and domestic purpose. This source is
available for 8-9 months a year. In summers, when the water is scarce, the surface water
turns saline and has to be removed to sea via canal.
- All ground water resources in the villages like well and hand pumps have non potable
water.

• Drinking Water
- Most of the villagers purchase water from the vendor at Rs. 80-100 per 700 litre.
- Wells are used for domestic purpose and for cattle.
- Women from poor household, who cannot afford to purchase water, spend about 4-5
hours for fetching water from a distance of 4-5 Km.
- Panchayat levies water charges of Rs. 2-5 per year per family. However, average yearly
spending for water by each family is about Rs. 2400
• Drinking Water Source ( % of Households)
Source of water Miyani
HH tap 3
Tanker 49
Bore well 7
Open well 10
Hand pump 2
Other Source or combination of sources 30
Type of other source Other village
RRWH as supplementary source 56

Table 12: Drinking Water Source in Miyani
Source: TATA-GE Special Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project
• Daily time spent for fetching water (% of household)
Village In Summer In Winter In Monsoon No time spent

throughout the year
Porbandar Block
Hours 0 0.5-1 >1 0 0.5-1 >1 0 0.5-1 >1
Miyani 30 21 49 30 30 41 30 51 20 30
Table 13: Daily time spent for fetching water


• Yearly Expense for Fetching Drinking Water (% of HH ) - (Mainly On tankers)
Yearly Exp. (Rs.) Miyani
0 28
Upto Rs. 1000 20
> Rs. 1000 52

Table 14: Yearly Expense for Fetching Drinking Water
• Sanitation condition
- About 80% families have toilet and soak pits, which were constructed under Total
Sanitation Campaign and NREGS. People are willing to pay for toilets but due to rocky
soil, it’s difficult to construct soak pits, involves high cost, and scarce water makes it
difficult.
- There is no system of waste water disposal. Domestic waste water is disposed on
streets.
- There is no specific system for solid waste disposal in village. The waste is disposed in
open at specified corners or in streets, which is left open and create nuisance
specifically during monsoon. Some of the waste is taken away by local farmers for
converting into manure, remaining is left open.
- Hygiene awareness programmes are conducted every three months.
6.3 ACCESS TO THE SITE

The site can be approached from Porbandar city with the public transport which is readily
available within 40-45 mins.
Site is also well connected to coastal city in Saurastra region through waterway. Ferry is just
20 mins away from the site.
Two nation highway (NH51) linking from Dwarka with bhavnagar. National highway is just
0.28km away from the site and from there the site can be approached easily with private
transport.

ST and private buses from Ahmedabad, Rajkot, Dwarka, Veraval, Jamnagar and Junagadh
come to Miyani village.
Figure 57: Road connecting to site

Source: Author

6.4 SITE SURROUNDING
Green belt is very near to the site which also
acts as a buffer zone between brackish water
and site. The planned plot is encircled on two
sides by agricultural land.
Near the site there is a Dam which is the only

source of fresh water in the village it
provides water to villager for 8-9 months
therefore none of the activities should cause
any pollution to the dam water. Water intake
for cultivation of shrimp pond should be from
brackish water and non-portable well as
there is scarcity of fresh water for village.
Figure 58: Site surrounding
There is a Dargah just below the site. Source: Author
Figure 59: Surrounding land use

Source: Author

6.5 CONTOUR MAPPING
C’
A
B’
C
A’

6.6 Climatic Condition
-Whether: At an average temperature of 29.5 °C | 85.1 °F, June is the hottest month of the year. In
January, the average temperature is 20.6 °C | 69.1 °F. It is the lowest average temperature of the whole
year.
Figure 60: Average temperature

Source: https://images.climate-data.org/location/2820/temperature-graph.png
Between the driest and wettest months, the difference in precipitation is 285 mm | 11 inches. The
average temperatures vary during the year by 8.9 °C | 48.0 °F.
Figure 61: Porbandar weather averages by month
Source: https://en.climate-data.org/asia/india/gujarat/porbandar-2820/

-Rainfall: The Porbandar lies on 8m above sea level Porbandar's climate is a local steppe
climate. During the year, there is little rainfall in Porbandar. Rainy season is from June to
September. Precipitation is the lowest in April, with an average of 0 mm | 0.0 inch. Most
precipitation falls in July, with an average of 285 mm | 11.2 inch.
Figure 62: Porbandar climate graph

Source: https://images.climate-data.org/location/2820/climate-graph.png
-Water Temperature: The closest
Ocean of Porbandar is Arabian Sea. The
annual water temperature for
Porbandar (Arabian Sea) is on average
27.10°C|80.78°F.
The month with the highest water

temperature is June with
29.70°C|85.46°F. The lowest water
temperature of 23.70°C | 74.66°F will
be reached in January.
Figure 63: Porbandar water temperature
Source: https://images.climate-data.org/location/2820/water-
temperature-graph-800.png

The highest average water temperature for this location is 29.70°C | 85.46°F and is reached
on average around June 11. By contrast, the lowest average water temperature
23.70°C|74.66°F around January 26.
Figure 64: Porbandar water average temperature by month

Source: https://images.climate-data.org/location/2820/water-temperature-graph-800.png
Sunpath analysis:
During summer season

sun is at 57° in April, 63°
in May, and 64° in mid-
June. In summer season
direct sunlight need to
be reduced into the
structure and provide
maximum shade as
climate would be too
hot.
Figure 65: Sunpath diagram

Source: 3D Sun-Path- AndrewMarsh.com

Wind analysis:
Maximum is from west and
north west direction; maximum
opening is suggested in that
direction. To increase the wind
flow into the structure
following method is used:
• Orientation of building
in West and East
direction.
• Maximum opening on
north and west
direction.
• Multiple courtyards are
given for hot air are to
escape.
• Wind will carry hot air
with it therefore first
need to cool the air
before letting it inside
the structure.
Figure 66: Wind Rose.

Source:https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled
Figure 67: Wind Speed.

Source:https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled

Chapter 7
Design Intent

The design brief is designed considering the research conducted through case studies and
data collected. Program is for anyone who is want to choose aquaculture as their career.
Most of the fisheries institute fail as it fails to provide flexibility to the people, it is the
people who make choices weather they want to go for a degree course, diploma, master,
PhD or short-term workshops.
Students after completing 12th std can apply for aquaculture degree course. Degree course
is for 4 years, during this degree course there will be theories, practical and experiments.
Approximately 50 students get enrolled into degree course annually. Diploma course is for 1
years and it will be more practical and experimental student can apply after completing 10th
std approximately 40-50 students get enrolled annually. Short term workshops will be
conducted for 4 – 5 days and there will be practical training. Short term workshops will be
conducted thrice a year with respect to cultivation of organism and techniques, for example
workshop for fish cultivation, workshop for shrimp hatchery, etc. Approximately 50-100
people get enrolled into the training center according to the course they will conduct.
Seminar will also be conducted once or twice in 6 months.
The research conducted shows that the education needs to be linked with life and should
take into count the ground situation in different parts of India considering the local need.
Paper knowledge, paper evaluations, paper degrees all too papery and all too theoretical; it
has very little that prepares us for real life in the real world. Students need to be
simultaneously taught how to address issues faced in real life. Student need to get a sense
of entrepreneurship. Aquaculture is just not about cultivating fishes and other organism it
also requires management and entrepreneurship. Student need to know the rate of fishes in
the market and profit, they also need to understand the environment and choosing the
aquaculture technique accordingly. This will develop a habit of making things at low price
and to increase the mortality and quality of fishes.
Best way to teach students is to create live example for them of working of a live
aquaculture production plant. By building an aquaculture plant it will not only earn some
profit but would also some create employment in the village. Aquaculture plant need to be
properly be planned taking all services and requirement into consideration. Aquaculture
plant will include quarantine facility of 200 sqm, tank culture unit of 6000 sqm for fish

cultivation, laboratories for quality testing and disease control, packaging unit and
administration department.
Tourism is important to advertise and gain more popularity. Provision will be made
accordingly.
Research and experiment will also be been happening in this campus. Aquaculture research
and experiment center will include a 100-square-meter quarantine facility, a 100-square-
meter pathogen room, and a 260-square-meter laboratory space designed for manipulating
fish experimentally and performing basic bench work. This modern and generic facility is
designed to conduct studies on multiple finfish and shellfish species. A separate 100-square-
meter algal production laboratory is tailored for the study and culture of marine micro-
algae.
7.1 Aim of the project
To create an architecture for learning aquaculture which is a-typical/ non- stereotype.
To design an aquaculture plant which not only fulfil its function but it will also attract
industrial tourism.
7.2 Objectives
• To design the way of teaching the oriented subjects so as to develop better

understanding.
• To give constant exposure of practical knowledge.
• To create an experimental learning space.
• To provide the ‘places’ and ‘spaces ‘for the above.
• To address the issue of ‘green architecture’.

7.3 Design Brief
Spaces No. Area Total

of per unit Area
unit (sqm)
Aquaculture Classroom (50ppl) 5 100 500
Degree college
Classroom (35ppl) 5 80 400
Side room (25ppl) 5 50 250
Lecture theatre room (100ppl) 6 100 600
Seminar room (300ppl) 1 350

350
• Service room-20sqm
Computer room 1 50 50
Library (100ppl) 1 425 425
• Admin Offices- 125sqm

o Administration -15
o Administrative conference
room - 15
o Secretary-reception - 16
o Technical services
o Division head -15
o Department head - 12
o Asst. catalog librarian -11
o Asst. order librarian - 11
o Serials librarian - 11
o Documents librarian - 11
o Clerical-per position – 8
• Reading and Collection room-300
Multipurpose room (50ppl) 3 100 300
Algae laboratory 1 80 80
Aquaculture Wet Laboratory 1 500 500
Aquaculture Genetics and Biotechnology 1 80 80

Laboratory
Pathology and Microbiology Laboratory 1 80 80
Aquaculture Nutrition and Biochemistry 1 80 80

Laboratory

Aquaculture Water and Soil Analysis 1 80 80
Laboratory
Disease diagnostics laboratory 1 80 80
Fish Processing Laboratory 1 80 80
Equipment room 1 50 50
Canteen (100ppl) 1 200 200
• Kitchen
• Dining Area
• Store room
• Toilet
Changing room 1 50 50
Store room 1 20 20
Toilet (2.25 sq.m. for 1 unit) 1 90 90
Total Area 4345

Circulation space@30% to total area 1303
Total Area (A) 4648
Administration block
Reception 1 10 10
Waiting Area 1 30 30
Associate Dean with attached toilet 1 50 50
Examination Branch 1 75 75
Faculty Cabin (per room) 5 20 100
Staff Room 2 100 200
Head of Department Cabins with 4 30 120
attached toilet
Assistant Registrar Office 1 50 50
College Administrative Office 1 100 100
Meeting room 1 100 100
Conference room 1 50 50
Generator room 1 30 30
Pantry 1 10 10

Total Area 955
Total Area (B) 1241
Training Center Workshop (100ppl) 1 150 150
Workshop (60ppl) 1 90 90
Seminar room (60ppl) 3 100 300
Algae Laboratory 1 50 50
Quality testing Laboratory 1 50 50
Equipment room 1 25 25
Storage room 1 15 15
Total Area 710
Total Area (C) 923
Miscellaneous Gymnasium 1 300 300
• Weight exercise room-100sqm
• Community room-110sqm
• Game room-80sqm
• Store room-10
Biogas Plant 1 80 80
Museum Display Halls (2 nos. - 2 150 300
for permanent and temporary
displays)
Total Area 680
Total Area (D) 884
Aquaculture Quarantine Area 3 100 300

research
department

Fish hatchery unit 1 2000 2000
• Broodstock Area
• Spawning Area
• Rearing Area
• Nursery Area
Shrimp hatchery unit 1 2000 2000
• Broodstock Area
• Spawning Area
• Larval Rearing Area
• Nursery Area
Oyster hatchery unit 1 1000 1000
• Broodstock culture
• Larval and Post-larval culture
• Nursery culture
Pathogen room 1 100 100
Pure strain and up-scale culture room 1 500 500
Intermediate Algae and Rotifer bag 1 500 500
culture room
Storage 1 50 50
Freezer 1 20 20
Experiment and Research lab 1 260 260
Quality testing lab 1 50 50
Service room 1 50 50
Equipment storage 1 30 30
Total Area 6860

Total Area (E) 8232
Aquaculture Fish Culture

Production plant
Quarantine Unit 1 200 200

Tank culture Unit 1 6000 6000
• Broodstock Area
• Spawning Area
• Rearing Area
• Nursery Area
Staff room 1 75 75
Administration 1 100 100
Manager cabin including toilet 1 30 30
Algae lab 1 50 50
Laboratory 1 50 50
Store room 1 20 20
Service room 1 10 10
Workshop 1 50 50
Fish food processing unit 1 75 75
Packaging unit 1 100 100
Changing Room 1 25 25
Total 6815
Circulation@20% of total area 1363

Total Area (F) 8178
Shrimp Culture
Quarantine Unit 1 200 200
• Broodstock Area
• Spawning Area
• Larval Rearing Area
• Nursery Area
Staff room 1 75 75
Manager cabin including toilet 1 30 30

Algae lab 1 75 75
Laboratory 1 75 75
Store room 1 20 20
Supply room 1 10 10
Workshop 1 50 50
Total Area 5840
Total Area (G) 7008
Oyster Culture
• Broodstock
• Larval and Post-larval culture
• Nursery culture
Staff room 1 50 50
Manager cabin 1 30 30
Algae lab 1 50 50
Laboratory 1 50 50
Store room 1 10 10
Supply room 1 10 10
Workshop 1 30 30
Toilet 1 30 30
Total Area 2960
Total Area (H) 3546

Fish Canning Process
Fish House 1 100 100
Canning room 1 1000 1000
Crating and Storage 1 500 500
Machine room 1 100 100
Staff room 1 150 150
Manager cabin 1 50 50
Mechanic Cabin 1 25 25
Inspector’s cabin 1 25 25
Administration room 1 200 200
Changing room 1 50 50
Total Area 2230

Total Area (I) 2900
Interpretation Space
Exhibit (for artifacts, 1 200 200
models and replicas)
AV room 1 100 100
Cafe 1 50 50
Toilet 1 30 30
Total Area 380
Total Area (J) 494
Accomodation Boys’ Hostel (twin sharing) 45 20 900
zone:
Girl’s Hostel (twin sharing) 20 20 400
Staff quarter (1bhk) 30 60 1800
Staff quarter (2bhk) 20 90 1800
Guest house 4 25 100
Total Area (K) 5000

Total area= A+B+C+D+E+F+G+H+I+J+K
= 4648+1241+923+884+8232+8178+7008+3546+2900+494+5000
= 43054
Approximate Total built up area = 43054 sq.m. (gross built up area)

Bibliography
- http://cofrtn.org/college-campus/
- https://hoopersisland.com/equipment-item/downweller-upweller-tank/
- http://www.fao.org/3/t8598e/t8598e05.htm
- https://www.shueda.com/?portfolio=marine-aquaculture-research-education-center
- https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/68759
- https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled
- https://en.climate-data.org/asia/india/gujarat/porbandar-2820/
- http://www.fao.org/3/y5720e/y5720e09.htm
- https://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/fisheries/marine-fisheries/culture-fisheries/culture-
of-shell-fishes/edible-oyster-farming-in-india
- https://www.fishfeedmachine.com/product/large-scale-twin-screw-fish-feed-
production-line.html
- https://www.pelletizermill.com/fish-feed-production-line.htm
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/food-science/canned-
fish#:~:text=Salmon%2C%20tuna%2C%20and%20herrings%20(,eviscerating%2C%20s
caling%2C%20and%20cleaning.
- http://www.fao.org/3/R6918E/R6918E05.HTM
- http://www.algwaizi.com/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layo
ut=blog&id=14&Itemid=15
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Revenue-Gross-Margin-Analysis-Production-Value-Sales-Demand-and-Global-
Research-Report-to-2023
- http://www.patriquinarchitects.com/how-to-design-around-an-industrial-process/
- https://www.slideshare.net/KASHMEERA-N-A/brackish-water-aquaculture-007
- https://www.villagemaps.in/gujarat/miyani-abdasa-kachchh-507165/
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279612319_Inland_saline_aquaculture
- https://kysu.edu/academics/cafsss/agriculture-curriculum/aquaculture/aquaculture-
facilities/
- https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/rajkot/fishermen-at-sea-as-fish-catch-dries-up-
near-coast/articleshow/68840146.cms

Reference
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Mission. - BYJU'S the learning app, 1 10 2019. - https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/blue-
revolution/#:~:text=Blue%20Revolution%20also%20called%20as,to%20double%20th
e%20farmers'%20income.
- Arumugam Dr. N. Aquaculture [Book]. - Nagercoil : Saras Publication, 2019. - Vol. 2.
- Dhar Damayantee Industrial Corridors Swallow Hundreds of Fish Species in Gujarat
[Report]. - Gujarat : The Wire, May 22, 2018.
- Ghosh P.K. Brackishwater Aquaculture [Book]. - Orissa : Dr. Updesh Purohit, 2010.
- Khakhariya Nimesh August 1 fishing season notice irks fishermen [Report]. - Rajkot :
Times of India, August 22, 2020.
- Khakhariya Nimesh Fishermen at sea as fish catch dries up near coast [Report] :
Business Reporting. - Rajkot : Times of India, 2019.
- Welfare Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers and Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers
Welfare,Depart Central Sector Scheme on [Book Section]. - [s.l.] : Government of
India, June 2016. - Vols. No. 27035-19/2015-Fy (IV) Vol.II.
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Sep_2015_1951180201junagadhtoposheet.pdf
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Aquaculture College and Production

Submitted in partial fulfillment

Ammaar Mustafa Porbunderwala

Exam Roll No.35

Aquaculture College and Production Plant i

Jury Member Jury Member

Aquaculture College and Production Plant ii

Signature of the Student:

Name of the Student: Ammaar Mustafa Porbunderwala

Date: 08/01/2021 Place: Mumbai

*The following defines plagiarism:

Aquaculture College and Production Plant iii

Aquaculture College and Production Plant iv

Aquaculture College and Production Plant v

Chapter No. Chapter Name Topics Page no.

6.2 General details 76

6.3 Access to the site 79

6.4 Site surrounding 81

Aquaculture College and Production Plant vi

Aquaculture College and Production Plant vii

Figure 1 Aquaculture farm 3

Aquaculture College and Production Plant viii

Aquaculture College and Production Plant ix

Table 1 Cultivable brackish water prawn 39

Aquaculture College and Production Plant x

Aquaculture College and Production Plant 1

Fishing Industry in India

Aquaculture as solution to growing fish food problem

Aquaculture College and Production Plant 2

Figure 1: Aquaculture farm

To study working of an aquaculture cultivation plant.

1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE

Aquaculture College and Production Plant 3

Aquaculture College and Production Plant 4

Aquaculture College and Production Plant 5

Aquaculture College and Production Plant 6

2.2 Brackish water Aquaculture- P.K. Ghosh

Aquaculture College and Production Plant 7

“Creating an enabling environment for integrated development of the full potential of

Aquaculture College and Production Plant 8

Study will cover the following factors:

• Study of intervention done in similar case studies

• Site selection based on:

• Site’s potential, natural significance and growth prospects

• Site’s proximity to the city/ town/ settlements.

Aquaculture College and Production Plant 10

Understanding the skills that they need to gain.

Selecting proper site for satisfying the purpose

Studying the special requirement

Designing a design program for the topic

Fig 2: Types of Literature Review and the following methodology

Aquaculture College and Production Plant 11

4.1.1 SELECTION OF SITE FOR BRACKISH WATER FARM.

- Arrangement of farm ponds

Aquaculture College and Production Plant 13

Figure 4: Coastal Vulnerability on basis of mean spring of mean

Aquaculture College and Production Plant 14

Aquaculture College and Production Plant 15

4.1.3 TECHNICAL DETAILS OF PLUMBING AND FILTRATION

Figure 5: Typical saltwater intake for shrimp hatchery system

Figure 6: Typical plan of sedimentation tank

Aquaculture College and Production Plant 16