SUMMARY

SEMANA N° 1

✓ GREETINGS:
You greet someone when you meet someone for the first time.
➢ Formal:
Good morning (Buenos días)
Good afternoon (Buenas tardes)
Good evening (Buenas noches)

➢ Informal:
Hello (Hola)
Hi (Hola)
How are you doing? (¿Cómo estás?)
How have you been? (¿Cómo has estado?)

✓ FAREWELLS:
You say goodbye when you will not meet the person again in that day.
➢ Formal:
It has been a pleasure, goodbye (Ha sido un placer, adiós)
Thank you for your time, goodbye (Gracias por su tiempo, adiós)

➢ Informal:
I have to go now, bye. (Tengo que retirarme, adiós)
I’ll see you later/around, bye. (Te veré luego, adiós)

✓ SUBJECT PRONOUNS
The pronoun is used in place of a noun or another pronoun.
➢ I, (yo): I am a good student. (Yo soy un buen estudiante)
➢ You (tú, usted): You are honest. (Tú eres honesto)
➢ He (él): He is in Europe. (Él está en Europa)
➢ She (ella): She is my cousin. (Ella es mi prima)
➢ It (eso): It is a good movie. (Es una buena película)
➢ We (nosotros): We are brothers. (Nosotros somos hermanos)
➢ You (ustedes, vosotros, vosotras): You are very serious. (Ustedes son
muy serios)
➢ They (ellos, ellas): They are sisters. (Ellas son hermanas)
✓ VERB TO BE: AM, IS, ARE
To show the status or characteristics of something or someone.
➢ I am happy. (Yo estoy feliz)
➢ You are very smart. (Tú eres muy inteligente)
➢ He is sad. (Él está triste)
➢ She is my mother-in-law. (Ella es mi suegra)
➢ It is cold today. (Hoy hace frío)
➢ We are teachers. (Nosotros somos maestros)
➢ You are very tall. (Usted son muy altos)
➢ They are married. (Ellos están casados)

❖ Affirmative form:
subject + verb + complement (noun/adjective): They are doctors.
❖ Negative form:
subject + negative verb + complement: They are not (aren’t) doctors.
❖ Question form:
verb + subject + complement: Are they doctors?
Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.

✓ POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
They are mainly used to indicate that something belongs to or is part of
someone.
• My (mi): My house is nearby (Mi casa está cerca)
• Your (tu): Your mother was very upset. (Tu madre estaba muy molesta.)
• His (su): My brother forgot his phone at work. (Mi hermano olvidó su
teléfono en la oficina)
• Her (su): Anna decided not to dye her hair again. (Ana decidió no pintar
su cabello de nuevo)
• Its (su): The dog plays with its bone. (El perro juega con su hueso)
• Our (nuestro (a)): Our main goal is to grow as a Company” (Nuestro
principal cometido es crecer como compañía)
• Your (sus): Did you bring your uniforms for the game?” (¿Trajeron sus
uniformes para el partido?)
• Their (su): Their hair is beautiful. (Su cabello es hermoso)
✓ ARTICLES
They are words that specify, identify, or quantify the noun. (Son palabras que
especifican, identifican o cuantifican el sustantivo.)
➢ Indefinite articles
A / AN = One. We use them for non-specific singular nouns.
✓ We use “A” before consonant sounds.
Examples: a book, a pencil, a doctor, a uniform.
✓ We use “AN”, before vowel sounds.
Examples: an apple, an umbrella, an hour, an honor.

➢ Definite articles
THE, is used to refer to specific or particular nouns (singular or plural)
Example: The most popular movie.
Meaning: there are many movies, but only one particular movie is the
most popular.

✓ DEMONSTRATIVES: THIS/THAT-THESE/THOSE
Demonstratives are used to identify or point out a particular item or items
(people, things, places, animals) in reference to the speaker.
➢ This: refers to singular nouns that are near to the speaker.
➢ That: refers to singular nouns that are far from the speaker.
➢ These: refers to plural nouns that are near to the speaker.
➢ Those: refers to plural nouns that are far from the speaker.

✓ Adverbs of position:
➢ Here: near the speaker. (cerca al hablante)
➢ There: far from the speaker. (lejos del hablante)