Cepre-UNI 2020 SEMANA 1

SUMMARY
SEMANA N° 1

 GREETINGS:
You greet someone when you meet someone for the first time.
Formal: Good morning (Buenos días)
Good afternoon (Buenas tardes)
Good evening (Buenas noches)
Informal: Hello (Hola)
Hi (Hola)
How are you doing? (¿Cómo estás?)
How have you been? (¿Cómo has estado?)

 FAREWELLS:
You say goodbye when you will not meet the person again in that day.
Formal: It has been a pleasure, goodbye (Ha sido un placer, adiós)
Thank you for your time, goodbye (Gracias por su tiempo, adiós)
Informal: I have to go now, bye. (Tengo que retirarme, adiós)
I’ll see you later/around, bye. (Te veré luego, adiós)

 SUBJECT PRONOUNS
The pronoun is used in place of a noun or another pronoun.
 I, (yo): I am a good student. (Yo soy un buen estudiante)
 You (tú, usted): You are honest. (Tú eres honesto)
 He (él): He is in Europe. (Él está en Europa)
 She (ella): She is my cousin. (Ella es mi prima)
 It (eso): It is a good movie. (Es una buena película)
 We (nosotros): We are brothers. (Nosotros somos hermanos)
 You (ustedes, vosotros, vosotras): You are very serious. (Ustedes son muy
serios)
 They (ellos, ellas): They are sisters. (Ellas son hermanas)

 VERB TO BE: AM, IS, ARE

To show the status or characteristics of something or someone.
 I am happy. (Yo estoy feliz)
 You are very smart. (Tú eres muy inteligente)
 He is sad. (Él está triste)
 She is my mother in law. (Ella es mi suegra)
 It is cold today. (Hoy hace frío)
 We are teachers. (Nosotros somos maestros)
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 You are very tall. (Usted son muy altos)

 They are married. (Ellos están casados)

Affirmative form:
subject + verb + complement (noun/adjective): They are doctors.
Negative form:
subject + negative verb + complement: They are not (aren’t) doctors.
Question form:
Verb + subject + complement: Are they doctors?
Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.

 POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
They are mainly used to indicate that something belongs to or is part of someone.
My (mi): My house is nearby (Mi casa está cerca)
Your (tu): Your mother was very upset. (Tu madre estaba muy molesta.)
He (su): My brother forgot his phone at work. (Mi hermano olvidó su teléfono en la
oficina)
She (su): Anna decided not to paint her hair again. (Ana decidió no pintar su
cabello de nuevo)
Its (su): The dog plays with its bone. (El perro juega con su hueso)
Our (nuestro (a)): Our main goal is to grow as a Company” (Nuestro principal
cometido es crecer como compañía)
Your (sus): Did you bring your uniforms for the game?” (¿Trajeron sus uniformes
para el partido?)
Their (su): Their hair is beautiful. (Su cabello es hermoso)

 ARTICLES
They are words that specify, identify, or quantify the noun. (Son palabras que
especifican, identifican o cuantifican el sustantivo.)

Indefinite articles

A / AN = One. We use them for non-specific singular nouns.

 We use “A” before consonant sounds.
Examples:
a book, a pencil, a doctor, a uniform.
 We use “AN”, before vowel sounds.
Examples:
an apple, an umbrella, an hour, an honor.

Manual de prácticas y evaluación. Prohibida su reproducción sin permiso. 2

Cepre-UNI 2020 SEMANA 1

Definite articles

THE, is used to refer to specific or particular nouns (singular or plural)

Example: The most popular movie.
Meaning: there are many movies, but only one particular movie is the most
popular.

 DEMONSTRATIVES: THIS/THAT-THESE/THOSE.
Demonstratives are used to identify or point out a particular item or items (people,
things, places, animals) in reference to the speaker.
This: refers to singular nouns that are near to the speaker.
That: refers to singular nouns that are far from the speaker.
These: refers to plural nouns that are near to the speaker.
Those: refers to plural nouns that are far from the speaker.

 Adverbs of position:
Here: near the speaker. (cerca al hablante)
There: far from the speaker. (lejos del hablante)

Manual de prácticas y evaluación. Prohibida su reproducción sin permiso. 3