ĐẠI HỌC Y DƯỢC Y DƯỢC TP.

HỒ CHÍ MINH
KHOA KHOA HỌC CƠ BẢN
BỘ MÔN NGOẠI NGỮ

BÀI TIỂU LUẬN

Học phần: Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành 1

Họ và tên sinh viên thực hiện: Đỗ Thị Lệ Như

Mã số sinh viên: 511206355
Ngày tháng năm sinh: 13-10-2001
Khối: D20
Tổ: 16
Điện thoại liên hệ: 0909062353

Năm học: 2020 – 2021

 KẾT QUẢ BÀI TIỂU LUẬN
Điểm Điểm Giảng viên chấm 1 Giảng viên chấm 2
(bằng số) (bằng chữ) (Họ tên & chữ ký) (Họ tên & chữ ký)

Tiêu chí đánh giá

Total
Category Scoring Criteria Score
Points
Organization The layout is appropriate for the topic and audience. 5
(10 points) Information is presented in a logical sequence. 5
Introduction is attention-getting, lays out the problem
well, and establishes a framework for the rest of the 5
presentation.
Technical terms are well-defined in language
5
appropriate for the target audience.
Content
(30 points) Information is presented accurately. 5
Material included is relevant to the overall message. 5
Visual aids are well prepared, informative, effective,
5
and not distracting.
The writer completes the task with about 1,000 words. 5
The writer can exhibit a logical and coherent sequence
15
throughout and smooth transitions between ideas.
The writer can use a wide variety of vocabulary that
15
Language expands the topic.
Use The writer can use a wide range of structure with full
15
(60 points) flexibility and accuracy with rare minor errors.
The writer can fully address all parts of the task with
15
relevant, fully extended and well supported ideas.
Score Total Points 100

TOPIC 2
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Introduce the OTC pain relievers. Your paper should clearly present the following
information:
 definition and subgroups of OTC pain relievers
 risks and advantages of OTC pain relievers
 combination of alcohol and OTC pain relievers
 problems of OTC pain relievers to special populations
Your paper should contain about 1,000 words and 3 images with captions.

OTC pain relievers

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OTC could also be a commonly used drug in most countries with different forms and
methods of sale. They are widely used, but not everyone knows and understands them for
proper use. My essay will continue introducing more about counter drugs OTC.

Image 1. OTC ( over-the-counter).

Source: https://medipharusa.com/hieu-ro-hon-ve-thuoc-ke-don-va-thuoc-khong-ke-
don.html

A. Definition and subgroups of OTC pain relievers:

1. Definition:
OTC is mean over-the-counter or nonprescription medicine. This medicine is bought in
are shop without prescription from doctor, or health care practitioner. OTC drugs are
often bought at pharmacies, drugstores, or at supermarkets, …
The special thing for this drug to be popular and widely used is because OTC assist you
are feeling better by treat the symptoms of the various illnesses or preventing health
problems.
2. Drug subgroups :
There are two groups of OTC: non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and
Acetaminophen (Paracetamol).

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 Image 1. Anti-inflammatory drug group.
Source: https://benhviemxuongkhop.com/thuoc-nsaid-la-gi-phan-nhom-va-cach-su-dung-
thuoc-dung-nhat-n4451.html
 NAIDs: the main effect of this group is Anti-inflammatory which could help to scale
back pain, and reduce fever. They’re widely used, and especially within the treatment
of bone and joint diseases.
o Working: Prostaglandins act on nerve endings causing pain so NSAIDs relieve
pain by stopping production of prostaglandins.
Experts have divided NSAIDs drugs into 2 main groups:
o The NSAIDs group selective inhibitors: include the drug that inhibit enzyme
COX-2 (found in blood vessels, stomach and platelets). The effect of the drug is Anti-
inflammatory Celecoxib.
o Non-selective NSAIDs group: include drugs such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and
naproxen,…
o The effect of treatment: reducing pain from aches and pain (headache, toothache,
menstrual pain) or pain in joints, muscle strains, sprains…
o Side effect: Non-selective inhibitory NAIDs are commonly used more than
selective inhibitors, but caution gastrointestinal (GI) problem, stomach bleeding, ...

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 o With the exception of aspirin, classes of drugs have a greater risk of worsening
heart disease, and kidney function, make high vital sign. (?)
o Contraindicating for people having some types of diseases such as heart patient,
diabetes, peptic ulceration, liver and renal failure, asthma, …
 Acetaminophen: reducing pain and fever are main effects of this group. They are used
to relieve pain from mild to moderate. It doesn’t cause stomach ulcers and reduce
inflammation like NSAIDs.
o Working: They impact on stopping pain within brain, and medulla spinal. They
work on muscle, the skin, and joints.
o The effect of treatment: they could reduce headache, osteoarthritis, soft tissues
damage, fever and post-vaccination fever. They are also effective at treating
(???)the tract, sinusitis, rhinitis,. Acetaminophen is in product such as Tylenol,
Tempra, …
o Side effect: it contains ingredients Phenylephrine which causes nervousness,
depression, or worse (rarely) like rash, anemia, kidney disease.
o Contraindicating for people having some types of diseases such as liver failure,
kidney failure, chronic anemia and history of alcoholism.

Image 2. Acetaminophen drugs.

Source: https://www.aaps.ca/blog/common-pain-pill-poses-major-health-risk

 Warning: reading the ingredient list is really important, have warning labels their side
effect and dose use properly.

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Some reasons below will answer for question that why otc is chosen and features a
significant amount of consumption

B. Advantages and risk of OTC pain relievers:

1.The advantage of drugs OTC:
 Drugs are diverse, each with a different dosage form such as pill, liquid, Siro, … They
could be also for external use.
 OTC could be a drug with low toxicity, without serious side effects, and users can use
and treat themselves with common disease or symptoms.
 Convenient to use it, and it does not cause dependence.
 Drugs do not have strong interaction with other drugs and with common food or
drinks
 Features a large dose range, safe for every age bracket.
In addition to these above advantages, we also got to understand dangers which could
occur during the use of the drug.
2.Risk of the drugs OTC:
 Using for a long time could cause kidney disease, GI problem, heart disease or
another treatments which are serious condition may develop decades of daily use or after
years.
 If overdose:
o The fist signs of Acetaminophen overdose include sweating, nausea, vomiting,
stomach pain, or loss of appetite, … The second symptoms can include dark urine, and
yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes.
o With NSAIDs : If patient use with high doses, it can cause liver damage, rheumatic
fever and juvenile arthritis. Using with high doses of NSAIDs also causes the
danger of hepatotoxicity (increased liver enzymes), diabetes with nephropathy, ...
 Missing dose of medicine: What should I do if I miss a dose?

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 o OTC medicine is only used when patients have health problems, so you needn’t to
draw up a schedule.
o When you use the medicine regularly, you should use the missed dose as soon as
you recollect
o If you are preparing for your next dose, you may skip the missed dose and use the
next dose.
 Allergy to the drugs: It seems to be unpopular with this problem, but somebody is
allergic to certain medicines.
Signs of allergy includes hives, rash, and breathing problems
 The composition and effect of the drug haven’t been hard studies.
 Using OTC drugs with other drugs could cause after-effect and dangerous for
patients.
C. Combination of alcohol and OTC pain relievers.
Each body features a different drug metabolism function, and sometimes medicines talk
together will have different effects with each type so it can cause another side effect.
OTC pain relievers and alcohol can damage liver function, and increase serious impact on
the elderly.
If you employ alcoholic beverages and drugs NSAIDs (aspirin, ...), it could cause GI
bleeding, tract effects. Acetaminophen has a lower impact than NSAIDs but it could
increase the risk of hepatotoxicity, and include acute liver failure resulting in liver
transplantation and death.
As a result, you should avoid using this drugs and alcohol at the same time, especially
patients drinking alcohol 3 times or more per day.
D. OTC pain relievers to special populations.
Consequences of OTC medicines with special populations
 Children: OTC drugs can cause little risk to children. Acetaminophen is a treatment
chosen for youngsters' pain, but it shouldn’t be given to children who under 3 months
of aged.

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 Older adults: they should be careful with the drug effects because they can cause
kidney disease, GI bleeding when use NSAIDs. It can also cause irritation of the
stomach, ... So that they should pay special attention to drug-drug interactions.
 Pregnant or breastfeeding women: Avoiding using aspirin (for pregnancy), other type
of NSAIDs (for during the trimester of pregnancy) because they can cause
abnormalities with baby, and limited use should be avoided aspirin with
breastfeeding.

From the above information, we should know and avoid impropering drugs or combine
products, which could be safe for ourselves and people around us. We should store the
medicine, and check drugs regularly to avoid the expiry date.

REFERENCES
1. NSAIDs . https://www.vinmec.com/vi/thong-tin-duoc/su-dung-thuoc-toan/dac-
diem-thuoc-chong-viem-khong-steroid-nsaid/
2. Using drug porperly . https://www.vinmec.com/vi/thong-tin-duoc/su-dung-thuoc-
toan/su-dung-thuoc-giam-dau-hop-ly/
3. OTC. https://www.drugs.com/otc/
4. Acetaminophen.https://yhoccongdong.com/thongtin/paracetamol-acetaminophen-
thuoc-giam-dau-khong-opioid/
5. OTC medicines : know your risk ande reduce pain. https://familydoctor.org/otc-
medicines-know-your-risks-and-reduce-them/
6. 15 reason use. https://tuoitre.vn/15-ly-do-khien-ban-khong-duoc-su-dung-theo-
don-thuoc-cua-nguoi-khac-20190118162728209.htm
7. Home Pharmacy OTC drugs.
https://www.emedicinehealth.com/home_pharmacy/article_em.htm
8. OTC anti-inflammatory drugs. https://www.vinmec.com/vi/thong-tin-duoc/su-
dung-thuoc-toan/thuoc-chong-viem-khong-ke-don-cac-loai-va-tac-dung-phu/

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9. Anti-inflammatory drugs and cardiovascular risk.
http://canhgiacduoc.org.vn/CanhGiacDuoc/DiemTin/1415/Prescriber-Update-
Thuốc-chống-viêm-không-steroid-và-nguy-cơ-tim-mạch.htm

_ The end_
_Thank you for watching_

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