Unit 1 Mechanics Kinematic equations of motion v = u + at s = ut + at2 v2 = u2 + 2as Forces F = ma g = F/m W = mg Work and energy W = Fs Ek = mv2 Egrav = mgh

h Power = W/ t LEARN! Materials Stokes law F = 6rv Hookes law F = kx Density = m/V Pressure p = F/A Pressure in fluids P = h g LEARN! Youngs modulus E = / where Stress = F/A Strain =x/x Elastic strain energy Eel = Fx Energy Density = stress x strain LEARN! Unit 2 Waves Wave speed v = f Refractive index 12 = sin i/sin r = v1/v2

1sin 1 = 2sin 2 LEARN! Critical angle 1 = 1/sinC LEARN! Pulse echo techniques x = vt/2 LEARN! Doppler effect f/f = v/c LEARN! Electron diffraction = h/mv LEARN! Radiation flux Intensity = power/area LEARN! For a point source I = P/4 r2 LEARN!
Electricity Potential difference V = W/Q Resistance R = V/I Electrical power, energy and efficiency P = VI P = I2R P = V2/R. W = VIt % efficiency = [useful energy (or power) output/total energy (or power) input] 100% Resistivity R = l/A Current I = Q/t I = nqvA Internal resistance V = Ir LEARN! Resistors in series R = R1+R2+R3 LEARN! Resistors in parallel 1/R = 1/R1+1/R2+1/R3 LEARN! Quantum physics Photon model E = hf = hc/ LEARN! When an electron drops from energy level E2 to energy level E1 hf = E2-E1 LEARN!

Einsteins photoelectric equation hf = + mv2max

For A2 assume that you need to know everything for AS as well Unit 4 Mechanics Momentum p = mv Collisions: Momentum before = momentum after Newtons second law: F = m v/ t Impulse-momentum F t = m v Kinetic energy of a non-relativistic particle Ek = p2/2m Motion in a circle v=r T = 2 / F = ma = mv2/r a = v2/r a = r2 Fields Coulombs law F = kQ1Q2/r2 where k = 1/4 0 Electric field E = F/Q E = kQ/r2 E = V/d Capacitance C = Q/V Energy stored in capacitor W = QV = Q2/C = CV2 Capacitor discharge Q = Q0 e- t/RC

ln Q = ln Q0 t/RC Time constant = RC In a magnetic field F = BIl sin F = Bqv sin r = p/BQ Faradays and Lenzs Laws = d(N )/dt OR Nd /dt Transformers VS/VP = NS/NP Power ISVS = IPVP Particle physics Mass-energy E = c2m de Broglie wavelength max = h/p Cyclotron 2 f = Be/m

For A2 assume you need to know everything for AS as well Unit 5 Energy and matter Temperature T/K = /C + 273 Heating E = mc Measuring c VI t = mc Molecular kinetic theory m<c2> = 3/2 kT Boyles law PV = constant Pressure law P/T = constant Ideal gas equation pV = NkT OR pV = nRT OR P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2 Nuclear physics Radioactive decay dN/dt = N = ln 2/t N = N0 e-t OR A = A0 e-t ln A = ln A0 - t Mechanics Simple harmonic motion a = - 2x a = -A2 cos t v = A sin t x = Acos t T = 1/f = 2 / Spring T = 2 (m/k) Pendulum T = 2 (l/g)

Energy in s.h.m (EK)max = m 2A2 Gravitational force F = Gm1m2/r2 Satellites r3 = GME/4 2 x T2 Gravitational field strength g = GME/r2 Observing the universe Radiant energy flux F = L/4 d 2 Stefan-Boltzmann law L = T4A L = 4 r2T4 Wiens law maxT = 2.898 x 10-3 m K Redshift of electromagnetic radiation z = / f/f v/c Cosmological expansion v = Hod