QGIS Technical Manual, Taunggyi

ASEAN Project on Disaster Risk Reduction
by Integrating Climate Change Projection

into Flood and Landslide Risk Assessment
QGIS Training Manual

Taunggyi, Myanmar
Japan-ASEAN Integration Fund (JAIF)

ASEAN Committee on Disaster Management (ACDM)
Implemented by
QGIS Technical Manual: Integrating Future Climate
Change Scenario into Landslide Risk
Assessment in Taunggyi RBP of Myanmar
ABOUT QGIS
What is Q-GIS?
Q-GIS is an open source, Geographical Information System software supports data viewing, editing, and
analysis capabilities. It allows users to create maps user different data layers, which can be assembled and
utilized for a variety of functions; tool to create analysis for Disaster Risk Assessment. The software is easy to
install and can be used to prepare thematic maps and to establish a systematic database for the national,
regional, and local level, in both urban and rural locations. The major advantage of Q-GIS, in comparison to
commercial software like Arc GIS is that it is free to download online, where most of the commercial software
from ESRI can be very costly. In Q-GIS, the shape files prepared in other Geographic Information Systems are
easy to open and the icon menu is very user friendly and quite similar to Arc GIS. Q-GIS software has been
introduced in training sessions and is currently in use by the government of Myanmar with the Relief and
Resettlement Department (RRD).
Download and Installation
Q-GIS 3.10. is an open source software available to download free online. Case study participants can
download the most stable version by going to: https://qgis.org/en/site/forusers/download.html to see other
options or download directly from the links below:
● https://qgis.org/downloads/QGIS-OSGeo4W-3.10.8-1-Setup-x86_64.exe (64 bit)
● https://qgis.org/downloads/QGIS-OSGeo4W-3.10.8-1-Setup-x86.exe (32 bit)
● All versions of the software are free and available on Windows, Mac, and Linux
● To get the long term release repository and most stable, choose version 3.10
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Components of Q-GIS User Interface
Five components:
1. Menu Bar
2. Toolbars
3. Panels
4. Map View
5. Status Bar
Detailed explanations of these features.
1. Menu Bar
The menu bar provides access to various QGIS features using a standard hierarchical menu. The top-level
menus and a summary of some of the menu options are listed in the figure below, together with the associated
icons as they appear on the toolbar, and keyboard shortcuts.
2. Toolbars
The toolbar provides access to most of the same functions as the menus, plus additional tools for interacting
with the map. Each toolbar item has pop-up help available. Hold your mouse over the item and a short
description of the tool’s purpose will be displayed. Every toolbar can be moved around according to your
needs. They can be switched off using the right mouse button context menu, or by holding the mouse over
the toolbars. Tool Bars can be added or deleted from the display at the preference of the user. If you have
accidentally hidden a toolbar, choose menu option View > Toolbars.
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3. Panels
Panels are special widgets that you can interact with (selecting options, checking boxes, filling values etc.) in
order to perform a more complex task. This is used to set visibility of various layers; check boxes can add or
remove the display, change the properties of layers and view Layer attributes.
4. Map View
It is the main area in Q-GIS where all layers can be displayed. The map displayed in this window will depend
on the vector and raster layers you have chosen to load.
5. Status Bar
The status bar provides general information about the map view, and actions processed or available and offers
you tools to manage the map view. It will show you a current progress of the action.
5.1 Coordinates
It shows the current position of the mouse, following it while moving across the map view. Next to the
coordinate display.
5.2 Scale
It shows the scale of the map view. If you zoom in or out, QGIS shows you the current scale. There is a scale
selector, which allows you to choose among predefined and custom scales to assign to the map view.
5.3 Magnification
The magnification level is expressed as a percentage. You can define a current magnification level for your
map view. This allows zooming in to a map without altering the map scale, making it easier to accurately tweak
the positions of labels and symbols.
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GETTING FAMILIAR WITH Q-GIS
This exercise aims to familiarize users with the basic functions of Q-GIS. This includes:
● Navigation Tools (Pan, Zoom)

● Identify Feature Tool
● Selection Tool (by rectangle, polygon, etc.)
● Selection by Expression
● Creating New Layers from Selection
Step 1
Begin by opening a new document in Q-GIS. Then, load the administrative boundary shapefile.
(MMR_adm2)
Step 2
Take several minutes with both the Pan and Zoom tools to understand how they are utilized.
Step 3
Use the Identify Feature tool to highlight one of the districts. Pay attention of the data that appears in the
pop-up box. The identify-results box will appear and show detail of the selected district.
Step 4
Use the Identify Tool to find one district. Once the district has been identified, use the Select Single Feature
Tool to select this district. Then, use the Deselect All Features Tool.
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Step 5
Try to use other options of the select feature tool such as by polygon, freehand and radius. You are able to
select multiple polygons, so try to find at least two districts simultaneously. Once you finished playing with all
options, please use the Deselect All Features Tool.
Step 6
Open the attribute table by clicking Open Attribute table the icon (next to Deselect All Features Tool)
and use the Select Features Using an Expression Tool inside in table.
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Step 7
Select some specify districts. Under the operators tab, select Fields and Values to bring up the Administrative
boundary variable. After that, select the NAME_2 and double click. Then, in the expression box, select the
needed equation following by ‘Taunggyi’ and press select features. Note to include ‘ ’ whenever it is a text,
make sure when typing the name of the district, it appears the same with the one showing up in attribute
table otherwise it will not be able to run.
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Step 8
To save it as a separate file, right click on “MMR_adm2” in the Layers Panel and select “Export” then “Save
Selected Features As…” name it and select “Save only selected features”.
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SEARCHING, EXPLORING AND DOWNLOADING SRTM DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL FOR USGS
EARTHEXPLORER
The EarthExplorer (EE) user interface is an online search, discovery, and ordering tool developed by the United
States Geological Survey (USGS). EE supports the searching of satellite, aircraft, and other remote sensing
inventories through interactive and textual-based query capabilities. Registered users of EE have access to
more features than guest users.
● Register your account at EarthExplorer EROS system at http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/
Create an account with USGS. In the top-right corner, click the Register button. To download data from USGS
Earth Explorer, follow the three steps:
● Set your search criteria
● Select your data to download and filter out your dataset
● Check your results and download
SRTM 1 Arc Sec (30 m) Digital Elevation Model

Elevation map was generated from SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission) satellite imagery with 30 m
pixel size, produced by NASA originally, is a major breakthrough in digital mapping of the world, and provides
a major advance in the accessibility of high-quality elevation data for large portions of the tropics and other
areas of the developing world. Follow the steps in the screenshot below to search, visualize and download
DEM from a specific location (e.g. Taunggyi, Myanmar)
Step 1: Set your area of interest

Zoom into your area of interest. To download free Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for Taunggyi, zoom into that
area. To narrow your search area: type in an address or place name, enter coordinates or click the map to
define your search area (for advanced map tools, view the help documentation), and/or choose a date range.
Then, select the Use Map button , you can pin the area of interest and immediately after, zoom out
a bit and you can see that you now have an area of interest in your map.
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Estimate the area of interest properly and make sure that it covers the whole watershed area.
The extent is watershed area of Taunggyi, Myanmar:
Top: 21.205580
Left: 96.718007
Right: 97.317772
Bottom: 20.574583
Alternatively, you can use one of these options to create a region of interest:
▪ Using an address to search
▪ Importing a shapefile (in a zip file) or KML
▪ Or you can just double-click the map to make your ROI
Note that the shapefiles and kml are limited to one record containing one polygon or line string with a
maximum of 30 points.
Step 2: Select your data to download in the “Data Sets” tab

The Data sets tab answers the important question: What satellite or aerial imagery are you looking for?. The
USGS Earth Explorer remote sensing datasets are plentiful: aerial imagery, AVHRR, commercial imagery,
digital elevation, Landsat, LiDAR, MODIS, Radar and more.
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Step 3: Download free DEM in the “Results” tab

The search results tab will populate with data sets that match your query. In this case, you will need to
download all of them and mosaic the data later.
Click “Download option”, a small window will appear asking your prefered format. Select “GeoTIFF 1 Arc-
second” then click “Download”
Displaying DEM in QGIS

1. Add raster by selecting DEM data downloaded from USGS. See the directory.
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2. You will see the images load up in the Table of Content on the left panel. Create a single Mosaic image
from all these individual images.
Click on Raster ‣ Miscellaneous ‣ Merge.
Note
The Raster menu in QGIS comes from a core plugin called GdalTools. If you do not see the Raster menu,
enable the GdalTools plugin from Plugins ‣ Manage and install plugins ‣ Installed.
3. In the Merge dialog, click Select... next to Input layers and browse to the directory containing all the
individual geotiffs. Select all the subsets and click OK.
4. Select... next to merged file and name the output as MMR_Tgy_mosaic.tif. At the bottom, check the box
next mentioning open output file after running algorithm to Load into canvas when finished. Click OK.
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5. Add vector data and select Watershed layer into the map in order to clip with DEM.
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6. Use the clipping process to come up with an area of interest.
Raster > Extraction > Clip Raster by Mask Layer…
1. Input layer: MMR_tgy_mosaic (DEM)

2. Mask layer: MMR_tgy_wshed_dis (Watershed boundary)
3. Create name and save location to “DEM_wshed” folder
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Elevation range from 880 meter above sea level (masl) to 2,102 masl, with red lines showed the boundary of
watershed area.
Slope Gradient
Slope is the measure of steepness or the degree of inclination of a feature relative to the horizontal plane and
typically expressed as a percentage, an angle, or a ratio.
Raster > Analysis > Slope
1. Input layer: Dem_tgy_wshed

2. Create name and save location to “Slope” folder
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Slope gradient is generated from Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of SRTM 30 meter pixel. The slope gradient
varies from 0° to around 71.93° within watershed area as seen in the picture. Mean value of slope is 7.88°,
with standard deviation around 7.95.
Slope Classification
1. Slope gradient will be reclassified into 15 classes for the Landslide analysis.
2. Right click the slope layer from the table of content and select Layer properties.
3. Change the render type to “Singleband pseudocolor”.
4. Change the classification mode to “Equal Interval” and type “15” classes.
5. Select the Color ramp
6. Click “OK”
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Slope Aspect
Aspect values indicate the directions the physical slopes face. We can classify aspect directions based on slope
angle with a descriptive direction. An output aspect raster will typically result in several slope direction classes.
Raster > Analysis > Aspect
1. You will need a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) to generate an aspect map.
2. Input layer: Dem_tgy_wshed
3. Create name and save location to “Aspect” folder
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These are the grey cells in the aspect map where slope exists; aspect is measured clockwise starting north as
0°and returns back as 360° north. After running the Aspect tool, the output raster symbolizes based on the
direction slope. Each slope direction will represent a slope angle range. You can reclassify the aspect map by
changing the symbology and setting the number of classes.
Aspect Classification
1. Aspect will be reclassified into 9 classes for the Landslide analysis.
2. Right click the slope layer from the table of content and select Layer properties.
3. Change the render type to “Singleband pseudocolor”.
4. Change the classification mode to “Equal Interval” and type “9” classes.
5. Select the Color ramp
6. Click “OK”
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Distance from Stream

Stream Network
The distribution of channels forms a hierarchy of small headwater channels draining into progressively larger
channels downstream.
The shape of the earth's surface determines how water flows. Hydrology analysis provides a useful method
for describing the physical features of the earth surface. You can model the flow of water and perform
quantitative analysis on a DEM data. Hydrology analysis can extract the information about where water comes
from and where it is going across on any cell of a raster data.
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Hydrology Analysis Process

The Hydrology tools are used to model the flow of water across a surface. When modeling the flow of water,
you may want to know where the water came from and where it is going. The hydrologic analysis functions to
help model the movement of water across a surface, the concepts and key terms regarding drainage systems
and surface processes. There are a variety of tools in the GIS environment can be used to extract hydrologic
information from a digital elevation model (DEM).
The proximity to streams is considered as a potential controlling factor as streams undercutting a slope base
have been recognized to be the cause of several landslides in the region (Che et al., 2011). Proximity to streams
is implemented by applying the Euclidean distance function in GIS along the streams and rivers generated
from the topographic map.
Displaying Stream layer in QGIS

1. Add vector by selecting stream data from the folder. You need to find out from the directory.
Vector Spatial Analysis (Buffer)
Buffering usually creates two areas: one area that is within a specified distance to selected real world features
and the other area that is beyond. The area within the specified distance is called the buffer zone.
A buffer zone is any area that serves the purpose of keeping real world features distant from one another.
Buffer zones are often set up to protect the environment, protect residential and commercial zones from
natural disasters, or to prevent violence. Common types of buffer zones may be greenbelts between
residential and commercial areas, border zones between countries, disaster protection zones around
vulnerable areas or flood protection zones along rivers.
Create Multiple Rings Buffer

● QGIS has an inbuilt option to create single distance buffers around, point, line and polygon features.
However, to generate concentric multi-ring buffers you can use the QGIS plugin tool named – Multi
Ring Buffer.
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1. In order use get a meter unit, right click the stream layer in table of content and select “Properties”
2. Focus in the Geometry and Coordinate Reference System, click drop down list and choose
“WGS84/UTM zone 47N” as the source coordinate system. If you cannot see the given format,
search for it by clicking “Select CRS”
3. If it does not work, right click on the layer in table of content and export to the new file. Do not
forget to do the re-projection “WGS84/UTM zone 47N”.
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In the Multiple Ring Buffer settings:
1. We will buffer the distance beyond the road networks for 4 zones: 50 m, 100 m, 150 m and 200 m
2. Select the layer to be buffered “Stream6up”
3. Active the box that mentions “Dissolve features before buffering”
4. Assign the distances (comma separated) : 50,100,150,200
5. Segments to Approximate to be 100 (the higher the value the more accurately drawn the resulting
buffer object will be)
6. Note the unit of this process is “meters” as its projection.
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7. Once done, right click to export and save a feature as a vector layer (ESRI Shapefile) then name it as
“Stream_Buffer50_100_150_200m”.
8. Right click to check the attribute table; you will see different numbers of the stream distance.
The map shows distance from the stream and other four zones beyond the streamline within watershed area
of Taunggyi, Myanmar.
SEARCHING, EXPLORING AND DOWNLOADING BASELINE VECTOR DATA (OSM)

Open Street Map is similar to the Wikipedia website for maps. Everyone can contribute to the map by adding
or correcting new points, lines and polygons of interest. With a GPS receiver and open-source software you
are ready to upload your GPS tracks to the web mapping service. Due to this concept, you must have several
things in mind: It is made by volunteers and it is not error free and/or consistent as you might expect from
other sources. Everyone has the right to add, correct and remove it. It is a fast-growing dataset and can be
easily updated. The entered data should be 100% from GPS tracks created by people living in the area.
Therefore, local knowledge is key element of OSM.
The site that you can visit is https://www.openstreetmap.org
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To get familiar with the dataset it is advisable to look at the already published data at
www.openstreetmap.org. This interface is similar to http://www.maps.google.com from Google or
http://www.bing.com/maps/ from Microsoft.
● From the OSM data download page: http://extract.bbbike.org/
● Pan the map to Taunggyi, Myanmar.
● Type in your email address, Name of the extract as OSM_ Taunggyi
● Then draw a custom bounding polygon over Taunggyi, Myanmar.
● Click Extract
BBBike extract allows you to extract areas from Planet.osm in a variety of formats such as Esri shapefile
format. The maximum area size is 24,000,000 square km, or up to 512 MB file size. It takes between 2-7
minutes to extract an area. The email field is required, you will be notified by email if the extract is ready for
download.
How to use the BBBike extract service:
1. Move the map to your desired location.
2. Then click to create the bounding box.
3. Move or resize the bounding box, or add new points to the polygon.
4. Select a Format, enter Your email address and Name of area to extract.
5. Click the extract button. Wait for email notification and download the map.
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There are several YouTube tutorials available how to use the BBBike extract service.
Special features
● supports Protocolbuffer Binary Format (PBF) format
● supports OSM XML, compressed with gzip, bzip2 or 7-zip (xz)
● supports .o5m data format, compressed with gzip or bzip2
● supports Garmin format, with styles for OSM, cycle map, leisure
(freizeitkarte), OpenFietsMap,OpenSeaMap, OpenTopoMap, and BBBike. Routing is enabled
● supports Esri shapefile format
● supports Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) format
● supports Osmand (OBF) format for Android devices
● supports mapsforge (map) format for Android devices
● supports maps.me (omim) format for Android and iOS devices
● supports Navit format for Linux, Windows, Android, OpenMoko Freerunner, Wince, Nokia n800
Internet tables, iPhone, Zaurus
● supports libosmium OPL, GeoJSON, SQLite, Text format
● supports BBBike bbd format for the Perl/Tk app
● planet.osm data updated every week
It takes between 2-7 minutes to extract an area from planet.osm, depending on the size of the area and the
system load. You will be notified by email if your extract is ready for download. Please follow the instructions
in the email to proceed your request. You will receive an email confirming your requested OpenStreetMap
area 'OSM_ Taunggyi' was extracted from planet.osm.
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To download the file, please click on the following link:

https://download.bbbike.org/osm/extract/planet_96.2,20.223_97.938,21.336.osm.shp.zip
(if the above link is obsolete, try this link)
Once you finish downloading the set of data, open in QGIS. The file consists of 8 layers which are places,
points, railways, roads, waterways, buildings, land use, and natural area. Please be noted that the extension
of data is based on your polygon that you have drawn. After that please check the attributes of the different
imported OSM feature classes and organize symbolize data layers as appropriate.
Distance from Road

Proximity to roads is also considered as a potentially important factor because road construction is usually
accompanied by excavation in some areas and the addition of material to the slope in other areas. This might
result in changes in the slope line or may be accompanied by the creation of artificial slopes or road cuts that
might be affected by landslide activities (Che et al., 2011). Proximity to road were regrouped into 6 classes as
the following methodology.
Displaying Road layer in QGIS

2. Add vector by selecting roads data that you downloaded from OSM. You need to find out from the
directory.
3. Add vector data and select Watershed layer into the map in order to clip with DEM.
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4. Use the clipping process to come up with an area of interest.
Vector > Geoprocessing Tools > Clip…

1. Input layer: roads
2. Overlay layer: MMR_tgy_wshed_dis (Watershed boundary)
3. Create name and save location to “Road_wshed” folder
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Vector Spatial Analysis (Buffer)

Create Multiple Rings Buffer
● QGIS has an inbuilt option to create single distance buffers around, point, line and polygon features.
However, to generate concentric multi-ring buffers you can use the QGIS plugin tool named – Multi
Ring Buffer.
4. In order to get a meter unit, right click the road layer in table of content and select “Properties”
5. Focus in the Geometry and Coordinate Reference System, click drop down list and choose
“WGS84/UTM zone 47N” as the source coordinate system. If you cannot see the given format,
search for it by clicking “Select CRS”
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6. If it does not work, right click on the layer in the table of content and export to the new file. Do not
forget to do the re-projection “WGS84/UTM zone 47N”.
In the Multiple Ring Buffer settings:
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9. We will buffer the distance beyond the road networks for 4 zones:25 m, 50 m, 100 m, and 150 m
10. Select the layer to be buffered “Road_wshed_utm”
11. Active the box that mentions “Dissolve features before buffering”
12. Assign the distances (comma separated) : 25,50,100,150
13. Segments to Approximate to be 100 (the higher the value the more accurately drawn the resulting
buffer object will be)
14. The unit of this process is “meters” as its projection.
15. Once done, right click to export and save a feature as a vector layer (ESRI Shapefile) then name it as
“Road_Buffer25_50_100_150m”.
16. Right click to check the attribute table; you will see difference numbers of the road distance.
Road proximity (distance to road network) in the map shows distance from road and other four zones beyond
the road within watershed area of Taunggyi, Myanmar.
SEARCHING, EXPLORING AND DOWNLOADING LAND COVER DATA (SERVIR-ADPC)

Land Cover
Land cover used for this analysis was derived from SERVIR-Mekong program using information provided by
Earth observing satellites and geospatial technologies to manage climate risks.
Regional Land Cover Monitoring System
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The regional land cover monitoring system provides a series of annual land cover maps with a multi-purpose
typology for the period of 2000-2017 which includes:
● Highly accurate, high quality regional land cover maps at a 30-meter resolution designed to serve
explicit user-defined objectives.
● Highly consistent maps over time, by using consistent regional classification schemes which
harmonizes with land cover typologies from five Lower Mekong countries (22 land cover categories,
which was identified through the regional consultative meeting).
● Frequently updated (annual or bi annually) maps which leverage advantages of various open available
remote sensing data sources.
The system facilitates the production of custom, high-quality land cover information products to serve a
variety of policy, planning, management, and reporting needs of regional and national institutions in the
Lower Mekong Region. The system leverages the power of Google Earth Engine and relies in most cases on
field observations and the interpretation of high resolution imagery by stakeholders relevant to a given
project. Once the system has been customized to deliver a given product or set of products, these can be
updated regularly in a structured manner to serve ongoing monitoring needs.
● https://rlcms-servir.adpc.net/en/landcover/
Step 1: Set your area of interest

● Look at the tab from the left side focusing on “Landcover Map Opacity” then reduce from 100 to 0 in
order to see the basemap clearly.
● Zoom into the area of interest which is a watershed in Taunggyi, Myanmar.
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Step 2: Download Land cover data

● Look at the tab on the right side and draw the area of interest. You can select any kind of options.
Please make sure that your polygon covers the watershed area.
● After drawing the polygon, click “Download Data Typology”. In drop-down list, select “Get Download
Link” which is the easiest option to download.
● Rename and find out the location to save this layer. Note that the data will be automatically
downloaded in the raster format under the zip file.
● Continue downloading the legend of land cover by selecting “download Typology Values (CSV)” that
you will also see from drop-down list.
● Once it is done, unzip the data in your folder and open in QGIS.
Displaying Land Cover layer in QGIS

Use the clipping process to come up with an area of interest.
● Raster > Extraction > Clip Raster by Mask Layer…
● Input layer: Landcover
● Mask layer: MMR_tgy_wshed_dis (Watershed boudary)
● Create name and save location to “LandCover_wshed” folder
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Land Cover Classification

● Work with the symbology of landcover layer.
● Right click the layer and select “Properties” then select “Pelleted/Unique values” for the Band
Rendering and click “Classify”
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● Label the values based on the csv file to see the different types of landcover.
SEARCHING, EXPLORING AND DOWNLOADING LITHOGY DATA (ONE GEOLOGY PORTAL)

OneGeology portal allows you to discover all the services that have been registered with OneGeology. You
can view all those that return image output on a map of the world and can query the data behind those that
provide that ability. In addition, some services allow you to highlight areas satisfying some simple query
criteria on the age or lithology of mapped geological units.
A brief overview of the OneGeology Portal and its potential uses
• The portal can be accessed using most common internet browsers.

• Basic map data visible in the OneGeology Portal is called a WMS (Web Map Service)
• Detailed map data and information in the OneGeology Portal is called a WFS (Web Feature Service)
which are types of ‘GeoSciML’, a computer interoperable data exchange language.
• This language is designed in a format that can be used in a wide variety of desktop programs such as
ArcMap, Gaia from Carbontools, and NASA World Wind.
• OneGeology aims to use Free and Open Source software wherever possible.
• All OneGeology data can be viewed via the Portal: http://portal.onegeology.org
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• The data is “served” directly from the provider organization.

• The provider organization retains full ownership and responsibility and is able to change or modify
data whenever necessary.
• Where the provider is unable to serve the data (e.g. due to lack of computer technology), the
OneGeology buddy system is in place to provide the technology necessary to serve the data to the
web.
Get started by opening the OneGeology portal and following the steps below:
Step 1. Add a geology map for a country to the world background map
• Click the button to display a list of available countries
• Tick the checkbox for the map you want to display

• Click close to return to the world background map displaying your selected geology map.
Step 2. Moving around the world background map
There are four key tools to help you move around the world background map:
Zoom in – click on this image and then click on the world background map to zoom in cantered on the
clicked location.
Zoom out – click on this image and then click on the world background map to zoom out cantered on the
clicked location
Move around the map –move to a different area (north, west, etc)
View the whole world background map again – click this image to start again with a view of the full
world background map
Step 3. Viewing the specific area (In this case, we focus in Myanmar area)
• Click the button and you can select a thematic to display a list of the added
geology layers.
• Choose your area from the Geographic area
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• Select Asia > South-eastern Asia > Myanmar. Then, click active on the box of Myanmar: MMR
DGSME 1:1M Combined Bedrock and Superficial Geology and Age and click “Add selected layers”
• The Lithology map will appear on your right.

• Drag the slider bar associated with a layer to change its opacity so that it is possible to see through a
layer to underlying layers where they overlap.
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• Check legend and metadata of the map
Step 4. Viewing data in Google Earth
Data from the OneGeology Portal can be viewed in Google Earth.
● Click the button to create a KML file that can be read by Google Earth
● Enter a filename and click KML (google earth) to create a KML file containing the geology maps you
added to the OneGeology Portal
● Once the KML file has been created, save it or choose to immediately open the data in Google Earth
Note :The data is allowed to view only. We are not able to download as kml file anymore.
Lithology Classification
● Before displaying the different classes, open the attribute table to see a variety of fields.
● Choose what kind of data that you would like to show. In this case, you will need to select the major
code.
● Work with the symbology of lithology layer.

● Right click the layer and select “Properties” then select “Categorized” and click “Classify”
● Delete the extra data which does not contain the number.
● Change the color ramp based on your preference and click OK.
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● Label the major code in each polygon in order to see clearly.

● Click “Labels” in the Layer Properties and choose a particular field from the drop down list. Label with
“1.2 MAJORCODE” then change the size or format of the character and click OK.
● You will be able to see the Lithology map with the major codes displaying.
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The Lithology types in Taunggyi, Myanmar are dominated by Sedimentary rocks and Ultramafic rocks. The map
is classified into 5 classes based on the major codes. Some of the rocks are classified in difference ages which
are Triassic to Jurassic, Silurian, Carboniferous to Permian, Silurian, Quaternary, and Unknown age. This data
is derived from OneGeology Portal which originates from the Geological Map provided by CCOP - Coordinating
Committee for Geoscience Programmes (last updated,2013).
Geological map of Myanmar can also be collected from a different open source called “ORR & ASSOCIATES”.
Visit the site here: https://www.orrbodies.com/
Step 1. Click “maps” from the bar. Pan your map and zoom in to Myanmar.
Step 2. Zoom in, you will see “Geology of Burma” which is free to download on your left side.
Step3. Click on the pin, you will see the overall data before downloading. It covers the whole country,
therefore you will need to download and clip the data with a watershed area later.
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Step 4. See more information by clicking “View details” for description, scale of the map and download..
Step 5.After downloading, check your folder for file named “Burma Geology 1_5M V1_region”. Rename it
e.g. “Geology_MMR”. This is the Geology data that you will continue working with.
Displaying Geology layer in QGIS

● Add vector data “Burma Geology 1_5M V1_region”.
● Add vector data “MMR_tgy_wshed_dis”
● Using a clipping process to get the geology within the watershed area.
Vector > Geoprocessing Tools > Clip

1. Input layer: Geology_MMR
2. Overlay layer: MMR_tgy_wshed_dis (Watershed boundary)
3. Create name and save location to “Geology_wshed” folder
4. Click “RUN”
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This is the geology data which is clipped with the watershed area.
Geology Classification
● Before displaying the different classes, open the attribute table to see a variety of fields.
● Choose what kind of data that you would like to show. In this case, you will need to select the GEO_ID.
40
● Work with the symbology of geology layer.

● Right click the layer and select “Properties” then select “Categorized” and click “Classify”
● Select “GEO_ID” field to show in the map.
● Delete the extra data which does not contain the value.
● Change the color ramp based on your preference and click OK.
● Label the major code in each polygon in order to see clearly.

● Click “Labels” in the Layer Properties and choose a particular field from the drop down list. Label with
“GEO_ID” then change the size or format of the character and click OK.
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● You will be able to see the geology map with the IDs displaying.
The map is classified into 7 classes based on the IDs. Some of the rocks are classified in difference ages which
are Ordovician, Lower Paleozoic, Upper Paleozoic, Pleistocene, Holocene, Silurian and water. This data is
derived from ORR & ASSOCIATES- A world of geotechnical data at your fingertips which originates from
Geological Map of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma, 1977″.
----------------------- End of Exercise ------------------------------
42

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ASEAN Project on Disaster Risk Reduction

by Integrating Climate Change Projection

QGIS Training Manual

Japan-ASEAN Integration Fund (JAIF)

Components of Q-GIS User Interface

Detailed explanations of these features.

GETTING FAMILIAR WITH Q-GIS

● Navigation Tools (Pan, Zoom)

● Register your account at EarthExplorer EROS system at http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/

SRTM 1 Arc Sec (30 m) Digital Elevation Model

Step 1: Set your area of interest

Step 2: Select your data to download in the “Data Sets” tab

Step 3: Download free DEM in the “Results” tab

Displaying DEM in QGIS

6. Use the clipping process to come up with an area of interest.

Raster > Extraction > Clip Raster by Mask Layer…

1. Input layer: MMR_tgy_mosaic (DEM)

Raster > Analysis > Slope

1. Input layer: Dem_tgy_wshed

Raster > Analysis > Aspect

Distance from Stream

Hydrology Analysis Process

Displaying Stream layer in QGIS

Vector Spatial Analysis (Buffer)

Create Multiple Rings Buffer

In the Multiple Ring Buffer settings:

SEARCHING, EXPLORING AND DOWNLOADING BASELINE VECTOR DATA (OSM)

To download the file, please click on the following link:

Distance from Road

Displaying Road layer in QGIS

4. Use the clipping process to come up with an area of interest.

Vector > Geoprocessing Tools > Clip…

Vector Spatial Analysis (Buffer)

In the Multiple Ring Buffer settings:

SEARCHING, EXPLORING AND DOWNLOADING LAND COVER DATA (SERVIR-ADPC)

Step 1: Set your area of interest

Step 2: Download Land cover data

Displaying Land Cover layer in QGIS

Land Cover Classification

SEARCHING, EXPLORING AND DOWNLOADING LITHOGY DATA (ONE GEOLOGY PORTAL)

A brief overview of the OneGeology Portal and its potential uses

• The portal can be accessed using most common internet browsers.

• The data is “served” directly from the provider organization.

• Click the button to display a list of available countries

• Tick the checkbox for the map you want to display

• The Lithology map will appear on your right.

• Check legend and metadata of the map

Step 4. Viewing data in Google Earth

Data from the OneGeology Portal can be viewed in Google Earth.

● Work with the symbology of lithology layer.

● Label the major code in each polygon in order to see clearly.

Displaying Geology layer in QGIS

Vector > Geoprocessing Tools > Clip

● Work with the symbology of geology layer.

● Label the major code in each polygon in order to see clearly.

----------------------- End of Exercise ------------------------------

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