Graduation project

Structure Analysis
Shorouk academy

Unit “4”

Supervisors:
Dr. / Osman ramadan
Dr. / Hatem osman

Designed by :
Ismail magdy ismail

June 2010
Contents:
 Structure design criteria
 Design loads
 Floors Plan
 Analysis Model
 Wind analysis
 Earthquake Analysis
 Load combination
 Design of Flat slabs
 Design of Columns
 Design of Raft Foundation
 Effect of temperature
Structure design
Criteria
1: Structure Design Criteria.

1-1: Description of project.

The building consists of 20 typical floor each with 3 meter height and foundation at Level -3
meter

1-2: structural system.

1-2-1:typical floor .

The typical floors consist of Flat slab supported with Columns and shear walls to resist lateral
loads

The foundation system is Raft as per soil report (B.c = 4 kg/cm2)

1-3: Standards and code.

The Egyptian Code (ECP 203-2007)

1-4: Material and stresses.

1-4-1: Concrete.

The characteristic concrete cylinder compressive strength after 28 days shall be as

follows:

-Footing 250 kg/cm2

-Beams, Slabs, Columns 250 kg/cm2

1-4-2: Steel Reinforcement.

-Fy for Bars, Stirrups 3600 Kg/cm2

1-5: Concrete Cover.

Concrete cover to steel reinforcement shall be provided to protect the reinforcement

against
Corrosion as per Code (ECP 203-2007)

The clear concrete cover shall be at least as following:

1. Concrete permanently exposed to soil = 7.5 cm
2. Slabs = 2 cm
3. Beams and columns = 4 cm
1-6: Loads.

1-6-1: floors
Live load for rooms = 300 kg/cm2
Wall Equivalent load = 150 Kg/cm2
Finishing = 150 Kg/cm2

- Own weight of reinforced concrete = 250 kg/m3

- Own weight of plain concrete = 220 kg/m3

Live load was Reduced at floors as stated on (ECP 203-2007) and reduction
factors are the following Values

 Roof and 5 floors under it 1 L.L

 Floor No.6 under roof 0.9 L.L
 Floor No.7 under roof 0.8 L.L
 Floor No.8 under roof 0.7 L.L
 Floor No.9 under roof 0.6 L.L
 All other floors 0.5 L.L

1-6-2: Lateral Loads.

1-6-2-1:Wind Loads:

Wind load = Ce*K*q*B

Ce = 1.3

K =1

q = 70 kg/cm2

B= 17.8 meter , 27 meter

At X and Y direction
1-6-2-2: Earthquake loads:

Earthquake loads could be calculated by more than a method as stated by Code (ECP
203-2007) depends on structure shape

 Static equivalent load

 Response spectrum
 Time history

1-7: Drift Limitations.

Maximum drift at structure shouldn’t exceed h/200

h = Total structure height

story drift limitation could be stated from this formula

dr/V = 0.05h

dr = story drift

V =Factor of drift reduction

 At analysis “I effective “ was used instead of “ I gross “

Beams Ie = 0.35 I gross

Slabs Ie = 0.25 I gross

Columns Ie = 0.70 I gross

Shear wall Ie = 0.50 I gross

1-8: Load combinations.

Load combinations used at analysis as per ECP.

W u = 1.4 D.L + 1.6 L.L

W u + lateral load = 0.8 ( 1.4 D.L + 1.6 L.L + 1.4 Lateral load )
Wu + temperature =0.8 ( 1.4 D.L + 1.6 L.L + 1.4 temperature )

Floors Plan
Model Analysis
Flat slab design :

Maximum Negative moment = -7 mt

Maximum Positive moment = 2.4 mt

D = C1√ Mu*105/Fcu*B

So…. D= 19 cm

 Take T = 22 cm
 Use mesh of 5 Ø 12 per meter

Mr = 3.9 mt

So…..use extra mesh at negative Moment to support 7 mt

As = Mu*105/Fy*J*D

As=11.2 cm2

So…..use 3 Ø 16 , 3 Ø 12 for 3 meter on negative moment

2-2: Deflection check:

Maximum deflection = 1.6 Cm

Distance between columns = 6 meter

So ……Allowable deflection = 600/250=2.25 cm

 Deflection is Safe
wind analysis :

1-1: Wind at X-Direction

Wx= Ce * K * Q * B

= 1.3 * 1 * 70 * 17.8

= 1.62 t/m

F1x = 1.62 * 4.5 Assume foundation at -3 meter

= 7.3 ton

F2x----F19x = 1.62 * 3

= 4.9 ton

F20x = 4.9/2

= 2.5 ton

Wind at Y-Direction

Wy=1.3 * 1 * 70 * 27

= 2.46 t/m

F1y = 2.46 * 4.5

= 11.1 Ton

F2y----F19y = 2.46 * 3

= 7.4 ton

F20y =7.4/2

= 3.7 ton

Base shear = 148 ton at case of Wind Y direction

Base shear = 98 ton at case of Wind X direction

Earthquake analysis

Cairo------Third zone ag = 0.15 g

Subsoil class -----B S=1.2 , Tb = 0.15 , Tc = 0.5 , Td= 2

Structure type----- Reinforced Concrete n=1

Shear wall R= 4.5

Oridnary Building Wt = D.L + 0.25 L.L

Ct = 0.05, H = 63 meter

T1 = Ct *h3/4 T1 = 1.12 seconds

Sd(t) = ag*Gama*S*2.5/R (tc*td/t12)*n

Sd(t) = 0.427

Fb = Sd(t)* Lamda*Wt/g

Wt= D.L + 0.25 L.L

D.L = Floor loads = ( (27*17.8)-(2*8*2.8)-(4.6*3)) * 20 *0.22 *2.5

+ Columns Loads = (31*0.4*1*60*2.5)

+ Shear wall loads = ( (4.6*0.5*2)+(2*0.5*2)) * 60*2.5

= 7422 ton

L.L = 0.25 * ((27*17.8)-(2*8*2.8)_(4.6*3))*20*0.5

Wt = 9188 ton

Fb= 335.6 ton

So F at each floor = 335.6/20 = 16.8 ton

( All floors have the same height and Weight )

  Study of structure regularity.

1-System is not symmetric about X-axis

2-Slab (22 cm) isn’t stiff enough to support Columns and shear walls

 Response spectrum analysis must be applied

Response spectrum Curve.

T1 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.4
3. 1.7 2 2.5 3
5
SDT 1.176 1.108 1.0 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.6 0.45 0.35 0.29 0.24 0.2 0.17 0.
11

Sd(t)

Base Shear = 280 Ton

So ratio between Response spectrum base shear and static equivalent force method

= 280/335 = 83.5% More than 80%

Use Response spectrum reactions after Modification

Load combination for design is Wu =0.8 ( 1.4 D.L + 1.6 L.L + 1.4 response )
Modifying response spectrum straining actions will be by Multiplying straining actions by
335/280 = 1.2

Columns Straining actions after modification:

Ult+Res
Column N M
1 501.2639 182.1564
2 544.9078 182.0075
3 495.231 182.1069
4 544.9078 182.0875
5 501.2639 181.4244
6 806.3746 144.5757
7 801.5405 143.8222
8 535.3119 123.9914
9 535.3119 123.9914
10 801.5405 123.9914
11 806.3746 123.9914
12 273.4834 170.1734
13 291.9189 162.8937
14 288.828 163.4932
15 428.4828 111.6018
16 564.4894 112.21
17 431.5667 100.047
18 491.2411 99.47041
19 535.2369 125.5662
20 535.2369 125.5662
21 564.4894 111.5095
22 491.2411 101.3355
23 431.5667 100.932
24 428.4828 110.5331
25 273.4834 170.1734
26 291.9189 162.8937
27 288.828 123.4932
28 416.9129 92.51898
29 425.8167 93.3928
30 425.8167 94.504
31 416.9129 92.35774
Columns Design :

Columns were divided into 4 Models according to loads

Model 1:

Model 2 :
Model 3:

Model 4:
 Column details:

Columns dimensions and reinforcement will be reduced Linearly every 3 floors to avoid waste in
materials and cost

Columns table:

Column From 0-3 floor From 3-6 floor From 6-9 floor From 9-12 floor

Dim Reinf. Dim Reinf. Dim Reinf. Dim Reinf.

C1 40*150 cm 16 Ø 25 40*140 16 Ø 25 40*130 14 Ø 25 40*120 cm 16 Ø 20

cm cm

C2 40*150 cm 18 Ø 25 40*140 18 Ø 25 40*130 16 Ø 25 40*120 cm 16 Ø 20

cm cm

C3 40*180 cm 20 Ø 25 40*170 20 Ø 25 40*160 18 Ø 25 40*140 cm 18 Ø 20

cm cm

C4 40*200 cm 22 Ø 25 40*180 20 Ø 25 40*160 20 Ø 25 40*140 cm 20 Ø 20

cm cm

Columns table:

Column From 9-12 floor From 12-15 floor From 15-18 floor From 18-20 floor

Dim Reinf. Dim Reinf. Dim Reinf. Dim Reinf.

C1 40*100 cm 16 Ø 20 40*80 cm 14 Ø 20 40*60 10 Ø 18 40*40 cm 8 Ø 18

cm

C2 40*100 cm 16 Ø 20 40*80 cm 14 Ø 20 40*60 10 Ø 18 40*40 cm 8 Ø 18

cm

C3 40*120 cm 18 Ø 20 40*100 16 Ø 20 40*80 14 Ø 18 40*60 cm 10 Ø 18

cm cm

C4 40*120 cm 20 Ø 20 40*100 18 Ø 20 40*80 16 Ø 18 40*60 cm 12 Ø 18

cm cm
Check punching:

Maximum load from floor = 50 ton

Critical column dimensions 40*40 cm

INPUT:
59.50

Column
Internal
Type: Column
2
fcu 250 kg/cm

22.00
Q ultimite 50.00 ton
Breadth of Column 40.00 cm
Length of Column 40.00 cm
Total Depth of Slab 22.00 cm
Concrete
2.50 cm
Cover
40.00
ALLOWABLE STRESS & SECTION PROPERTIES:

Depth of Punching
cm
Sec. 19.50
Breadth of Critical
cm
Sec. 59.50
Length of Critical
cm
Sec. 59.50
 4 Column Type Factor
2
Apunching 4641 cm Area of punching section

bo 238 cm Perimeter of punching section

2
q1 17.03 kg/cm Equation No.1 q1 =2.5x(xd/bo+0.2)x√(Fcu/2.5)
2
q2 19.36 kg/cm Equation No.2 q2 =(0.5+a/b)x√(Fcu/2.5)
2
q3 12.91 kg/cm Equation No.3 q3 =√(Fcu/2.5)
2
qall 12.91 kg/cm Allowable punching shear =Minimum value of Equation 1,2&3
 OUTPUT OF CHECK PUNCHING SHEAR:

qact = Qpunchingx  / Apunching

 1.15 Column Type Factor ( Internal )

2
Apunching cm
4641 Area of punching section
Q ultimite 50
ton

qact kg/cm
2
kg/cm
2

12.39 < qall 12.91

OK SAFE PUNCHING SHEAR

So no need for Columns Head or drop panels.

Drift Check:

Total building height = 60 meter

So allowable Total drift = H/200 = 30 cm

Allowable inter story drift/V = 0.005h V=2

Total drift at structure = 27 cm SAFE

Inter story drift at level 20 = 1.5 cm Allowable = 1.5 cm SAFE

Inter story drift at level 19 = 1.3 cm Allowable = 1.5 cm SAFE

Inter story drift at level 18 = 1.4 cm Allowable =1.5 cm SAFE

Inter story drift at level 17 = 1.5 cm Allowable =1.5 cm SAFE

Inter story drift at level 16 = 1.5 cm Allowable =1.5 cm SAFE

Inter story drift at level 15 = 1.7 cm /V= 0.85 Allowable =1.5 cm SAFE

Inter story drift at level 14 = 1.6 cm /V= 0.8 Allowable =1.5 cm SAFE
Inter story drift at level 13 = 1.6 cm /V= 0.8 Allowable =1.5 cm SAFE

Inter story drift at level 12 = 1.6 cm Allowable =1.5 cm SAFE

Inter story drift at level 11 = 1.5 cm Allowable =1.5 cm SAFE

Inter story drift at level 10 = 1.5 cm Allowable =1.5 cm SAFE

Inter story drift at level 9 = 1.5 cm Allowable =1.5 cm SAFE

Inter story drift at level 8 = 1.4 cm Allowable =1.5 cm SAFE

Inter story drift at level 7 = 1.4 cm Allowable =1.5 cm SAFE

Inter story drift at level 6 = 1.2 cm Allowable =1.5 cm SAFE

Inter story drift at level 5 = 1.1 cm Allowable = 1.5 cm SAFE

Inter story drift at level 4 = 0.7 cm Allowable =1.5 cm SAFE

Inter story drift at level 3 = 0.5 cm Allowable =1.5 cm SAFE

Inter story drift at level 2 = 0.3 cm Allowable =1.5 cm SAFE

Inter story drift at level 1 = 0.2 cm Allowable = 1.5 cm SAFE

Raft design:

Check stresses on soil:

Structure total load = 15169 Ton

Raft area = 29*19= 551 m2

So stresses on soil = 15169/551 = 27.6 ton/m2

= 2.76 Kg/cm2

Bearing capacity = 4 kg/cm2 as per soil Report

SAFE

Slab Design :

Use mesh of 8 Ø 25

As = Mr/fy*j*d So Mr= 86 mt

Mmax positive = 185 mt Mmax negative = 70 mt

d = c √Mu/fcu*b

= 81 cm

Use T=90 cm

So Mneg is Safe…….

As for Mpositive

As = Mu/Fy*j*d

= 75 cm2

Use Extra mesh of 8 Ø 32 on positive moment area for 3 meter

Check punching for raft:

INPUT:
283.00

Column
Internal
Type: Column
2
fcu 250 kg/cm

90.00
Q ultimite 850.00 ton
Breadth of Column 40.00 cm
Length of Column 200.00 cm
Total Depth of Slab 90.00 cm
Concrete
7.00 cm
Cover
200.00
ALLOWABLE STRESS & SECTION PROPERTIES:

Depth of Punching
cm
Sec. 83.00
Breadth of Critical
cm
Sec. 123.00
Length of Critical
cm
Sec. 283.00
 4 Column Type Factor - ECOP-Page No.(24/4)
2
Apunching 67396 cm Area of punching section

bo 812 cm Perimeter of punching section - ECOP-Page No.(24/4)

2
q1 19.65 kg/cm Equation No.1 q1 =2.5x(xd/bo+0.2)x√(Fcu/2.5)
2
q2 9.04 kg/cm Equation No.2 q2 =(0.5+a/b)x√(Fcu/2.5)
2
q3 12.91 kg/cm Equation No.3 q3 =√(Fcu/2.5)
2
qall 9.04 kg/cm Allowable punching shear =Minimum value of Equation 1,2&3

OUTPUT OF CHECK PUNCHING SHEAR:

qact = Qpunchingx  / Apunching

 1.15 Column Type Factor ( Internal )
2
Apunching 67396 cm Area of punching section
Q ultimite 850 ton

qact 14.50 kg/cm

2
> qall 9.04 kg/cm
2

UNSAFE PUNCHING SHEAR

Increase dimensions till 130 cm

INPUT:
323.00

Column
Internal
Type: Column
2
fcu 250 kg/cm

#####
Q ultimite 850.00 ton
Breadth of Column 40.00 cm
Length of Column 200.00 cm
Total Depth of Slab 130.00 cm
Concrete
7.00 cm
Cover
200.00
ALLOWABLE STRESS & SECTION PROPERTIES:

Depth of Punching
cm
Sec. 123.00
Breadth of Critical
cm
Sec. 163.00
Length of Critical
cm
Sec. 323.00
 4 Column Type Factor - ECOP-Page No.(24/4)
2
Apunching 119556 cm Area of punching section

bo 972 cm Perimeter of punching section - ECOP-Page No.(24/4)

2
q1 22.79 kg/cm Equation No.1 q1 =2.5x(xd/bo+0.2)x√(Fcu/2.5)
2
q2 9.04 kg/cm Equation No.2 q2 =(0.5+a/b)x√(Fcu/2.5)
2
q3 12.91 kg/cm Equation No.3 q3 =√(Fcu/2.5)
2
qall 9.04 kg/cm Allowable punching shear =Minimum value of Equation 1,2&3

OUTPUT OF CHECK PUNCHING SHEAR:

qact = Qpunchingx  / Apunching

 1.15 Column Type Factor ( Internal )
2
Apunching 119556 cm Area of punching section
Q ultimite 850 ton

qact 8.18 kg/cm

2
< qall 9.04 kg/cm
2

OK SAFE PUNCHING SHEAR

temperature analysis:

Inserting a differential temperature at all elements = 20 degrees

Effect:

 Normal force were decreased from the case of Ultimate due to the loading
combination ( 1.12*DL + 1.24*LL ) instead of ( 1.4 DL + 1.6 L.L )
 Bending moment formed on members due to buckling caused from temperature
change.

By comparing the straining actions at case of Ult+Temp by the straining actions

from case of Ult+Response we found that all sections are SAFE under change of
20 degrees in temperature

Ult+Res Ult+Temp
Column N M N M
-
1 501.2639 182.1564 401.9837 65.4129
-
2 544.9078 182.0075 446.0386 65.8372
-
3 495.231 182.1069 411.7555 65.7173
-
4 544.9078 182.0875 451.0562 65.5502
-
5 501.2639 181.4244 400.6434 65.9654
-
6 806.3746 144.5757 798.1701 91.3112
-
7 801.5405 143.8222 820.3638 92.3754
-
8 535.3119 123.9914 457.4991 3.92092
-
9 535.3119 123.9914 462.3736 3.26394
-
10 801.5405 123.9914 815.7259 91.8644
-
11 806.3746 123.9914 784.8 92.9679
12 273.4834 170.1734 154.1764 -2.7899
 -
13 291.9189 162.8937 200.7862 2.56288
-
14 288.828 163.4932 202.6816 3.37103
15 428.4828 111.6018 332.9901 -39.119
-
16 564.4894 112.21 503.3693 68.0722

17 431.5667 100.047 326.2131 -40.455

-
18 491.2411 99.47041 368.1895 40.1329
-
19 535.2369 125.5662 353.5143 3.91896
-
20 535.2369 125.5662 349.9239 2.95767
-
21 564.4894 111.5095 490.8309 69.1718
-
22 491.2411 101.3355 347.0434 40.2578
-
23 431.5667 100.932 334.5901 39.9249
-
24 428.4828 110.5331 339.062 40.3585
-
25 273.4834 170.1734 130.4717 3.97954
-
26 291.9189 162.8937 199.4487 5.34332
-
27 288.828 123.4932 192.2845 4.55453
-
28 416.9129 92.51898 318.6515 41.4091
-
29 425.8167 93.3928 280.2277 41.6342
-
30 425.8167 94.504 299.6849 40.2236
31 416.9129 92.35774 325.9249 -40.472