Graduation project

Structure Analysis
Shorouk academy

Unit “3”

Supervisors:
Dr:Osman ramadan
Dr:Hatem osman

Designed by :
Ismail magdy ismail

June 2010
Contents:
 Structure design criteria
 Design loads
 Floors Plan
 Analysis Model
 Design of Flat slabs
 Design of floors Beams
 Design of Stairs
 Design of Columns
 Design of Foundations
 Design of Retaining Walls
Structure design
Criteria
1: Structure Design Criteria.

1-1: Description of project.

The building consists of 3 floors (Ground floor, first floor, Roof) and a bedroom

The bedroom level is -2.2 meter used as a Garage, first floor level is 0.9 meter and floor height is
3 meter

1-2: structural system.

1-2-1: ground floor.

The ground floor system consists of Flat slab with Drop panels and Marginal beams at outer
parameter

1-2-2:typical floor .

The typical floors consist of Flat slab and beams around stairs and 2 marginal beams at 2 sides

The foundation system is Isolated footing as per soil report

1-3: Standards and code.

The Egyptian Code (ECP 203-2007)

1-4: Material and stresses.

1-4-1: Concrete.

The characteristic concrete cylinder compressive strength after 28 days shall be as

follows:

-Footing 250 kg/cm2

-Beams, Slabs, Columns 250 kg/cm2

1-4-2: Steel Reinforcement.

-Fy for Bars, Stirrups 3600 Kg/cm2

1-5: Concrete Cover.

Concrete cover to steel reinforcement shall be provided to protect the reinforcement

against
Corrosion as per ECP
The clear concrete cover shall be at least as following:
1. Concrete permanently exposed to soil = 7.5 cm
2. Slabs = 2 cm
3. Beams and columns = 4 cm

1-6: Loads.

1-6-1: All floors

Live load for rooms = 200 kg/cm2
Live load for balconies and stairs = 300 Kg/cm2
Wall Equivalent load = 150 Kg/cm2
Finishes = 150 Kg/cm2

- Own weight of reinforced concrete = 250 kg/m3

- Own weight of plain concrete = 220 kg/m3

1-6-2: Lateral Loads:

Lateral loads were ignored in analysis due to the small height of building and its Very low
Slenderness

1-7: Loads Combination:

As stated at ECP:

Wu = 1.4 D.L + 1.6 L.L

J=0.2 ( torsion coefficient )

Floors Plan
Design of Flat slab
2-1:Flat slab design:

Maximum Negative moment = -7.5 mt

Maximum Positive moment = 4 mt

D = C1√Mu*105/Fcu*B

So…. D= 17 cm

 Take T = 22 cm
 Use mesh of 5 Ø 12 per meter

Mr = 3.9 mt

So…..use extra mesh at negative Moment to support 7.5 mt

As = Mu*105/Fy*J*D

As=11.8

So…..use 3 Ø 16 , 3 Ø 12 for 3 meter on negative moment

2-2: Deflection check:

Maximum deflection = 1.2 Cm

Distance between columns = 10 meter

So ……Allowable deflection = 1000/250=4 cm

 Deflection is Safe

For solid slab Max moment = 2 mt

Use Ts = 12 cm and mesh of 5 Ø 12

Analysis Model
3: Design of Beams.

3-1: design of beam 1:

Maximum Moment = 5.5 mt

Section of negative Moment

d=c√Mu/fcu*b

take b = 25 cm

So d = 41.3 cm…………..take 45 cm

So T= 50 cm

As=Mu/Fy*J*D

As = 4.3 cm

Use 4 Ø 16 Upper steel and 2 Ø 12 Lower steel

Section of positive moment

As = Mu/Fy*J*D = 3.5 cm2

Use 4 Ø 16 Lower steel and 2 Ø 12 Upper steel

3-2: Check shear on beam:

Qu at Critical section = 5.5 ton

qu = 5.5*103/25*50=4.4 kg/cm2

qcu = 0.24 gazr Fcu/Gama c = 3.1 kg/cm2

qu max = 0.7 gazr Fcu/Gama c = 9.1 kg/cm2

qcu < qu < qu max

So……. qsu = qu – 0.5 qcu = 2.9 kg/cm2

Ast = qsu *b*s/Fy/Gama s take S = 20 cm

Ast = 0.46

Use 5 Ø 8 per meter as Stirrups

 3-2:Beams Table.

Beam Upper Steel Lower Steel

Right side Middle Left side
2 Ø 16 2 Ø 12 2 Ø 16 4 Ø 16
B1
2 Ø 16 2 Ø 12 2 Ø 16 2 Ø 16
B2
2 Ø 16 2 Ø 12 2 Ø 16 2 Ø 16
B3
2 Ø 16 2 Ø 16 2 Ø 16 2 Ø 12
B4
2 Ø 16 2 Ø 12 2 Ø 16 4 Ø 16
B5
2 Ø 16 2 Ø 12 2 Ø 16 4 Ø 16
B6
2 Ø 16 2 Ø 12 2 Ø 16 4 Ø 16
B7
2 Ø 16 2 Ø 12 2 Ø 16 2 Ø 16
B8
2 Ø 16 2 Ø 12 2 Ø 16 4 Ø 16
B9
2 Ø 16 2 Ø 16 2 Ø 16 2 Ø 12
B10
2 Ø 16 2 Ø 12 2 Ø 16 2 Ø 16
B11
2 Ø 16 2 Ø 16 2 Ø 16 2 Ø 12
B12
2 Ø 16 2 Ø 16 2 Ø 16 2 Ø 16
B13
2 Ø 16 2 Ø 12 2 Ø 16 4 Ø 16
B14
2 Ø 16 2 Ø 12 2 Ø 16 2 Ø 12
B15
2 Ø 16 2 Ø 12 2 Ø 16 2 Ø 16
B16
Use 5 Ø 8 as stirrups for all beams.
Design of Columns
4-1: Design of Typical Column:

Take section of column 30*30 cm

Lamda = K*H/B

= 1.2*2.8/0.3 = 12.8

Lamda > 10 Long column

M add = P * Delta

 Design of Column No 18 ( Critical Column )

P u= 102 ton M = 2.5 mt

e = 2.5/102

= 0.025 m

e/t = 0.025/0.3 = 0.08 < 0.5 ezan Ignore M and design for Pu only

Pu = o.35 Fcu*Ac + 0.67 As*Fy As = 0.1 Ac

102*103= 0.35*250*Ac +0.67*0.1 As * 3600

Ac=310 Minimum 30*30 cm

Take section 40*40 cm For Punching

4-2: Check Punching:

INPUT:
   
59.50
           

Column Interna
Colum
Type: l
n                          
fcu 250 kg/cm2
22.00

       
Q ultimite 40.00 ton        
Breadth of Column 40.00 cm                
Length of Column 40.00 cm        
Total Depth of Slab 22.00 cm              
Concrete
2.50 cm
Cover
   
40.00
   
ALLOWABLE STRESS & SECTION PROPERTIES:

Depth of Punching
cm
Sec. 19.50
Breadth of Critical
cm
Sec. 59.50
Length of Critical
cm
Sec. 59.50
 4 Column Type Factor

Apunching cm 2
4641 Area of punching section

bo 238 cm Perimeter of punching section

q1 kg/cm 2
17.03 Equation No.1 q1 =2.5x(xd/bo+0.2)x√(Fcu/2.5)

q2 kg/cm 2
19.36 Equation No.2 q2 =(0.5+a/b)x√(Fcu/2.5)

q3 kg/cm 2
12.91 Equation No.3 q3 =√(Fcu/2.5)

qall kg/cm 2
12.91 Allowable punching shear =Minimum value of Equation 1,2&3

OUTPUT OF CHECK PUNCHING SHEAR:

qact = Qpunchingx  / Apunching

Interna
 1.15 Column Type Factor ( l )
Apunching 4641 cm2 Area of punching section
Q ultimite 40 ton

qact 9.91 kg/cm2 < qall 12.91 kg/cm2

OK SAFE PUNCHING SHEAR

4-3Design of Columns:

p=.35*fcu*Ac+.67fy*As
fcu=250 kg/cm2
fy=3600 kg/cm2

As
column F3 total Ac b t chosen Reinforcement
  Ton cm2 cm cm cm2  
C11 44.25 1600.00 40.00 40.00 16.00 8 Ø 16
C17 87.78 1600.00 40.00 40.00 16.00 8 Ø 16
C16 80.63 1600.00 40.00 40.00 16.00 8 Ø 16
C15 95.57 1600.00 40.00 40.00 16.00 8 Ø 16
C18 102.65 1600.00 40.00 40.00 16.00 8 Ø 16
C10 77.69 1600.00 40.00 40.00 16.00 8 Ø 16
C13 58.95 900.00 30.00 30.00 9.00 6 Ø 16
C12 58.76 900.00 30.00 30.00 9.00 6 Ø 16
C1 42.27 900.00 30.00 30.00 9.00 6 Ø 16
C19 101.53 1600.00 40.00 40.00 16.00 8 Ø 16
C20 60.13 900.00 30.00 30.00 9.00 6 Ø 16
C6 32.36 900.00 30.00 30.00 9.00 6 Ø 16
C5 56.67 900.00 30.00 30.00 9.00 6 Ø 16
C4 54.41 900.00 30.00 30.00 9.00 6 Ø 16
C3 48.96 900.00 30.00 30.00 9.00 6 Ø 16
C2 57.59 900.00 30.00 30.00 9.00 6 Ø 16
C9 30.84 900.00 30.00 30.00 9.00 6 Ø 16
C8 49.10 900.00 30.00 30.00 9.00 6 Ø 16
C7 45.44 900.00 30.00 30.00 9.00 6 Ø 16
C14 100.06 1600.00 40.00 40.00 16.00 8 Ø 16

using stirrups of 5 Ø 8 per meter

 Design of
Foundations
5-1: Design of isolated footing.

((sheet excel print

out ))
Maximum spacing between bars = 20 cms….so use 5 Ø 16 for all Foundations
All isolated foundations with Constant dimensions
Plain Concrete 200*200*25
Reinforced Concrete 150*150*50
5-2: Design of Combined footing:

( EXCEL SHEET PRINT OUT )

5-3 : Design of Retaining wall:

(( excel sheet print out ))

6 : Design of stairs and its beams .

6-1: Design of stairs .

Using cantilever stair

M= w*L2/2

(0.6*1.6 + 2.5*1*.25*1.4) * 1.5 2/2 = 2.06 mt

D = c1√Mu/Fcu*b= 12 cm

Take d = 18 cm t = 20 cm

As = Mu/Fy*J*d = 3.65 cm2

Use 5 Ø 12 per meter

And 5 Ø 10 at secondary direction

6-2: Design of stairs beams.

Mu = 3.7 mt Mt = 1.89

T = 50 cm

As = use 3 Ø 16 lower steel 2 Ø 12 Upper steel

Use 5 Ø 12 for stirrups and extend it into stairs