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Quantitative research
IMPROVING NURSES PERFORMANCE in THE SAFE HANDLING OF
ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS : A QUASI-EXPERMENTAL STUDY

• Module title: Introduction to Research and Statistics.

• Module code: N3644.

• Module coordinator: Prof. Manal Ismail

• Word Count: 1245

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Outline:

• over viewe.

• Author.

• Abstract.

• Writing style.

• Problem statement and purpose.

• Review of literature.

• Methodology:-
• design.
•Sample.
•Settings.
•Data collection.
•Analysis of data collection
• ethical considerations.

• Findings.

• Discussion:-

•Limitations.

• Conclusion.

• Implication.

• Recommendation.

• Summery.

• References.
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Overview:
Quantitative research strategies emphasize goal measurements, and the statistical,
Quantitative research is numerical evaluation of statistics gathered thru polls,
questionnaires, and surveys, Quantitative research with the aid of using manipulating pre-
present statistical statistics the usage of computational techniques. Quantitative research
focuses on gathering numerical information and generalizing it across teams of
individuals or to clarify a selected phenomenon. Quantitative method is the dominant
studies framework withinside the social sciences. (LeTourneau University,2022)

Research title: 
The author provides a variable clear title for this article, searchable and used only 15-
word count. In addition, the author used the interest strategy to draw the reader is
attention to the article, the article is variables were clear, but the title was not written in
the form of an inverted pyramid, since the title has more than one line, despite the initial
letters not being capital were written.

author:
The article was written by four authors, The information and names of the authors
completely mentioned in the article. A NOURI, his email is
agamohammadim@gmail.com he is qualified to do this because they are study at
Department of Nursing. The paper was published (BMC),2021

Abstract:
The author did not define or clarify the objective of the paper, nor did he or she include
the purpose of the study in the abstract, although he or she did mention it in the
assignment., and the author did not talk about the paper design and did mention
recommendation and did not add any research questions. And did not mention any thing
about the paper design.

Writing style: 
The research papers must be written in a professional method and clear for the reader,
using formal tools use of the third person rather than first-person perspective and focus
only at the research subject only (USC Libraries,2022)
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Problem statement and purpose:

The problem is that the author did not mention the aim his research in the abstract, but he
did mention it in the background. The author did mention two variables one of them is
factors influencing clinical nursing students and coping abilities in clinical nursing
students. Also the author did mention it and clarify it in a good format for the reader of
the paper.

Review of literature:
The goal of a literature review is to describe how important is Antineoplastic drugs and
how important it is to use at in the clinical area and advantages and the disadvantages of
using it. A literature overview indicates your readers which you have an in-intensity hold
close of your subject; and which you recognize in which your personal studies suit into
and provides to a present frame of agreed knowledge. (rlf,2021) anyway the author forgot
Because it was difficult to construct a research question, it was impossible to identify if
the literature review suited the principles of the paper topic or not.

Hypotheses or research questions:

The purpose of research questions is to establish the tone for a whole study or industry
report. (bl.uk). the author forgot to mention the research at the abstract.

Methodology:
Research design:
A well-planned arranged research configuration guarantees that your techniques match
your examination points, that you gather excellent information, and that you utilize the
right sort of investigation to address your inquiries, using trustworthy sources. This
permits you to draw legitimate, dependable ends. The problem is that the author only
mentioned the design style and did not mention the definition or the reason why he used
it.

Sample:
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The sample size for a study has to be calculable at the time the study is proposed;
overlarge a sample is not sensible and unethical, and too little a sample is unscientific and
additionally unethical. the mandatory sample size may be calculated, exploitation applied
mathematics computer code, supported sure assumptions (ncbi,2020). The author used
probability sample style so that is weakness in the author research paper. on the other
hand the author create a convenient sample and mentioned the criteria that the author
used in the sample (exclusion criteria).

Sitting:
the author did not depend on a certain gathering information style the author just sends
the questionnaire to the groups and the faculties.

Data collection:
Date collection It's an important part of a research study since it lets the researcher to
make judgments based on the data and assess how relevant the data is in pushing the
research forward. Quantitative research and survey data gathering methods, whether on
paper or on a mobile device, are used to collect data. In fact, the author provided
complete data collection details, including the mode of data collection (intra
questionnaire through cell phone) and the equipment used Furthermore, the author field
should include the data collected in a distinct subtitle.

Analysis of data collection:

The actions and techniques used to explain facts, uncover patterns, develop explanations,
and test hypotheses using data are referred to as data analysis. This process includes data
quality verification, statistical data analysis, modelling, and result interpretation.
(sisu,2015) The author obviously specified & discussed the data collection process, and
depending on the reliability of the data gathered from respondents, the authors utilised
two techniques to data analysis: The ANOVA test and the b-test. An ANOVA test is used
to determine whether the results of a survey or experiment are significant. Basically, the
author testing groups to see if there is a difference between them.
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validity and reliability:

It is critical to emphasize the study is validity and reliability, as determined by The author
mentioned the study instruments' validity, but did not do so in a separate section; also, the
author were using a standardized tool.

Finding:
The findings section should include data displayed in tables, charts, and graphs, as well
as the findings of the author's research. In fact, the author reached this goal by discussing
all the study's tools and conclusions; nevertheless, the author only presents the study's
results in tables, which is a flaw in that the author did not diversity the data presentation,
and the tables were not written in one part.

Discussion:
The results and outcomes of a study are presented in the discussion section. A good
discussion tells readers what they can learn from your experiment and puts the results in
context. (plos,2020) The author extensively detailed the findings, as well as linking and
comparing them to the literature review. The author also addressed the study's limitations.

Conclusion:
A conclusion is an important part of the paper since it provides closure to the reader
while also reminding them of the paper's contents and importance. It does this by
stepping back from the specifics and looking at the overall picture of the material..
(waldenu,2020) The author has already made a strong conclusion.

Implication:
The research implications section explains how the findings may influence policy,
practice, theory, and future research. However, the author made no mention of any
implications in his study.
Recommendation:
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Recommendations are meant to motivate people to take action or seek solutions to the
problems presented in your research report. However, the author made no
recommendations in his research.
Summary:
Like an abstract in a published research article, the purpose of an article summary is to
give the reader a brief overview of the study. But the author did not mention any
summary in his research.

Reference:
Academic work necessitates the use of citations. It contextualizes your work, illustrates
the breadth and depth of your research, and acknowledges the work of others. When you
use someone else's concept, make sure to credit them.(leeds,2021) and the author did it
perfectly.
200680

Qualitative research
NURSING FACULTY POINT OF VIEW REGARDING NONCOMPLIANCE WITH
ETHICS IN ACADEMIC ENVIRONMENT: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

• Module title: Introduction to Research and Statistics.

• Module code: N3644.

• Module coordinator: Prof. Manal Ismail

• Word Count: 1266

200680

Overview:
Qualitative research is a sort of naturalistic investigation that tries to understand more
about social phenomena in their natural environment. It is based on people's actual
experiences as meaning-makers in their everyday lives and focuses on the "why" of social
phenomena rather than the "what." Rather than logical and statistical techniques,
qualitative researchers utilize a range of methods of inquiry to explore human
phenomena, such as biography, case study, historical analysis, discourse analysis,
ethnography, grounded theory, and phenomenology.

Research title:
The title was simple, easy to research, and stayed within the word limit of 15 words, The
article's variables were clearly specified, the title was not written in an inverted pyramid,
and the author stated the study design, which should not have been stated in the title.
Your study's key notion or ideas are summarized in the title. A excellent title uses the
fewest words necessary to accurately summaries your research paper's content and/or
goal. (USC library,2022)

Author:
The research paper was written by three authors there background information that is
mentioned in the research paper who has a history that demonstrates they are qualified to
write in the medical sector, one of the author called Sina Valiee her email is
(Valiee@muk.ac.ir).

Abstract:
The author have provided a good summary of the paper in order to convey it is aim. But
the author did not mention the aim of the research at the paper itself. but the week point
that author did not mention any recommendations and also did not mention any research
questions. An abstract allows readers to quickly grasp the gist or essence of your paper
or article, allowing them to decide whether or not to read the entire paper; an abstract
prepares readers to follow the detailed information, analyses, and arguments in your full
paper; and, finally, an abstract helps readers remember key points from your paper.
(University of Wisconsin,2020)

Writing style:
The author ordered the article in such a way that it attracted the reader to read it; it was
clear of grammatical and vocabulary errors. A writing style is a way of expressing
oneself via words that is unique to the author. The voice, or personality, and general tone
that an author uses in their work constitute their style. A writer's style may change
depending on the type of writing, who they're writing for, and who they're writing for.
200680

Problem statement and purpose:

The author did not mention the aim or the purpose in the abstract which is considered as a
weakness point of the authors, and the author did not mention any recommendation or
research question so that also considered as a weakness.

Review of literature:
The author properly specified the variables, used simple terms, and established a clear,
easy, and seamless link between each item. The authors also identified and fulfilled the
keywords. However, the authors failed to describe or identify the study's conceptual
framework, which was deemed a flaw. goals of literature review are to find out what is
available in the academic literature to locate potential research gaps in the academic
literature. To provide insight into the study question, theory (if relevant), and technique.
To compare and contrast the current study's findings.

Methodology:
Design:
A very well research design ensures that your techniques are aligned with your research
goals, that you gather high-quality data, and that you apply the appropriate type of
analysis to answer your questions while relying on reliable sources. This enables you to
get meaningful and reliable findings. The author have mentioned a suitable subtitle, as
well as identified the selected design and described it with supporting references. The
authors have also identified the design's goal and purpose, as well as the design's kind.

Sample:
The authors have mentioned the size of selected sample. the authors have selected the
sample using nonprobability, which provides inclusion criteria to ensure that the desired
participants are included, In general, sampling helps researchers to collect enough data to
address their study questions without having to poll the entire population.

Setting:
The interviews were digitally filmed and verbatim transcribed. Data collection and
analysis were done at the same time. With 11 interviews, data saturation was established.
A qualitative content analysis approach was used to examine the interview transcripts.
The natural setting or environment is just as essential as the individuals, and such
techniques have the benefit of directly addressing how environmental restrictions and
context impact behavior and results in the actual world. (nih,2014)
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Data collection:
The gathering of important information regarding the research topic is known as data
collection. It's critical since it confirms the issues with the research gap. The authors
suggested an open-ended question as a data gathering instrument, as well as an interview
as a study approach. The writers go through the data collection procedure as well as the
purpose of each instrument used., as well as the procedure used. The interviewed
everyone from 40-60 minutes.

Analysis of data collection:

The authors of the study utilised two ways to deep analysis: Van Manen and line by line.
Then gathered the statements and saved them in a Microsoft Word file for subsequent
analysis, and they analysed what was underlying the participants' replies and evaluated
their significance. Data analysis approaches and processes are required to uncover
insights in data such as measurements, facts, and statistics. The two basic strategies for
data analysis are qualitative data analysis techniques and quantitative data analysis
techniques.

validity and reliability:

Reliability and validity are the two most important and essential features in evaluating
any measuring equipment or instrument for successful research. Validity and
trustworthiness encourage openness and minimise the risk of researcher bias in
qualitative research. The ethical implications of the work were noted by the author.

Finding:
The authors organised the findings into four categories in order to cover all of the
subjects and discuss them thoroughly. The writers presented the participants' experiences
in two primary subtitles and a table, the findings were clearly stated by the participants
and supported by data, and the authors did not utilise distinct tables for each conclusion,
which was considered a flaw.

Discussion:
The author didn't even provide a recommendation, and they did add a limitation, but it
was presented before the implication, which is considered a mistake. Furthermore, the
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author matched the findings of the study to the findings and conclusions of the literature
review and supported it up with references.

Conclusion:
The purpose of the conclusion of your paper is to reiterate the major point. It reminds the
reader of the primary points of your main argument(s) and restates the most essential
evidence supporting those points. The author just summarized the study report; the
summary was straightforward; however, the authors did not include the design in the
conclusion, nor did they provide an overview.

Implication:
The research implications describe how the findings may affect policy, practice, theory,
and future research. But the author did not mention any implication in his research .

Recommendation:
Recommendations are intended to encourage others to act or find answers to the issues
raised in your research paper. But the author did not mention any recommendation in his
research.

Summary:
Like an abstract in a published research article, the purpose of an article summary is to
give the reader a brief overview of the study. But the author did not mention any
summary in his research.

Reference:
Academic work necessitates the use of citations. It contextualizes your work, illustrates
the breadth and depth of your research, and acknowledges the work of others. When you
use someone else's concept, make sure to credit them.(leeds,2021) and the author did it
perfectly.
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Reference:

1-Lib-guides.letu.edu. 2022. LibGuides: Quantitative Research and Analysis: Quantitative Methods

Overview. https://lib-guides.letu.edu/quantresearch
2- jstor. 2022. [online] Available at: <https://www.jstor.org/stable/4175079> [Accessed 25 April
2022].
3- Libguides.usc.edu. 2022. Research Guides: Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper: Academic
Writing Style. https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/academicwriting
4- Bl.uk. 2022. British Library. https://www.bl.uk/business-and-ip-centre/articles/what-are-typical-
quantitative-research-questions#:~:text=Quantitative%20research%20questions%20are
%20generally,your%20respondents%20to%20answer%20succinctly.
5- The Royal Literary Fund. 2022. What is a literature review?. https://www.rlf.org.uk/resources/what-
is-a-literature-review/
6- questions, F. and important?, W., 2022. Why is research design important?.
https://www.scribbr.com/frequently-asked-questions/why-is-research-design-important/#:~:text=A
%20well%2Dplanned%20research%20design,to%20draw%20valid%2C%20trustworthy
%20conclusions.
7- Library.sacredheart.edu. 2022. Research Guides: Organizing Academic Research Papers: Types of
Research Designs.
8- My Dissertation Coach. 2022. What is the importance of sampling in research? — My Dissertation
Coach. https://mydissertation.coach/q-and-a/what-is-the-importance-of-sampling-in-research
9- Dissertationhelp.co.in. 2022. Importance of data collection - Dissertation Help.
https://www.dissertationhelp.co.in/our-process/importance-of-data-collection/#:~:text=It%20is%20a
%20very%20important,carrying%20forward%20the%20research%20work.
10- Ijcne.org. 2022. Indian Journal of Continuing Nursing Education : Instructions for authors.
https://www.ijcne.org/contributors.asp
11- Academicguides.waldenu.edu. 2022. Academic Guides: Writing a Paper: Conclusions.
https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/writingprocess/conclusions
12- Libguides.uta.edu. 2022. Subject and Course Guides: Quantitative and Qualitative Research: What is
Qualitative Research?. https://libguides.uta.edu/quantitative_and_qualitative_research/qual
13- Libguides.usc.edu. 2022. Research Guides: Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper: Choosing

a Title. https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/title#:~:text=The%20title%20summarizes%20the
%20main,purpose%20of%20your%20research%20paper.