PAPER 1

Manufacturing System Lab. – Industrial Engineering Dept. – 4th Semester 2020-2021

UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM
AUTOMATED HYBRID DRYING MACHINE (AHDM)
TO IMPROVE RESOURCE EFFICIENCY IN SMEs
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AUTHOR(S)
Student *
No. Fullname Signature Score
Number

INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION –
Muhammad
1. Ardhan 02411940000179
Anshari

Lecturer’s
Signature

Submission Date:
th
June 18 2021
___ (Receiver’s Signature)

Class

D
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 AUTOMATED HYBRID DRYING MACHINE (AHDM) TO
IMPROVE RESOURCE EFFICIENCY IN MSMEs
1
Muhammad Ardhan Anshari
1
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) Surabaya

Abstract: Problem statement: This study explains about fruit dryers in the realm of MSMEs
that can be used to dry various kinds of fruit. To build a multi-dryer system, the user can select
the drying process and its features. Approach: Using a mirror to collect light which is also
called solar thermal power used to dry fruit and using the concept of karakuri when dried fruit
is characterized by the release of fruit as a result of reduced water content of the fruit. Results:
After reviewing the three articles mentioned above, all of which are related to the problem at
this time, it was determined that the product or automation that would be developed could be
used to speed up the fruit drying process and maximize the results obtained, resulting in
increased product efficiency. Conclusion: Several papers show that the recommended tool for
MSMEs to use AHDM in their business process.

Key words: Fruit drying, solar thermal power, karakuri concept

1Introduction The Automated Hybrid Drying

Mr. Giant is a food processing firm
that caters to small and medium-sized
businesses. MSMEs, or Micro and Small
Enterprises Mr. Giant produces a wide range
of candied fruits. There are three varieties of
candied fruit preparations: wet candied, dry
candied, and pickled. Mr. Giant, the drying
process is the most important step in the
manufacture of dried sweets. The fruit must
be completely dried in order for the product's
quality and durability to be preserved
throughout time.
Fruit drying refers to the process of
preserving dried fruits and meals (dehydrated
or dry). Drying inhibits the growth of germs,
yeast, and mold by removing water. In the
production of candied fruit, solar thermal
energy is employed in the drying process. As
a result, a candied fruit producer relies largely
on solar thermal energy. On the other hand,
solar thermal power takes a long time to dry.
As a result, we need a gadget called an
Automated Hybrid Drying Machine
(AHDM), which can speed up the drying
process and be used in any weather condition.
Machine (AHDM) is a self-contained fruit
drying system that runs on solar thermal
power. Using a concave mirror, this
Automated Hybrid Drying Machine creates
heat by receiving and collecting sunlight. The
sun's heat is subsequently trapped inside the
box, creating a greenhouse effect. A pear is
placed underneath the tool so that when the
fruit dries, the weight is reduced and the tray
rises and slides out using the karakuri
concept. The machine will be put in a light-
filled area, and the mirror will be positioned
to reflect sunlight. The fruits are first peeled
and rinsed before being placed on a baking
pan and placed in the appliance. The arriving
fruit will tighten the spring under the
machine, causing the pan to become trapped
within. The fruit will be heated in the machine
due to the reflections of sunlight from the
mirrors that have been previously placed.
If the day is gloomy or no sunlight is
available, the machine can still be dried by
placing a stove fire underneath it. The heat
from the fire will be uniformly distributed
throughout the machine, allowing the fruit to
dry within. Due to the reduced water content
of dried fruit, the weight of the fruit will also
drop. This will be a criterion for determining
whether the fruit is dry or not. The fruit had
previously tightened the spring under the
machine; however, once the fruit has dried
and the weight has been removed, the spring
will extend. When the spring gets brittle, the
pan will rise up and mechanically slide out of
the machine.
This machine also necessary in small and
medium-sized enterprises to create a product
at a reasonable cost while enhancing process
efficiency. AHDM also employ the concept of
karakuri kaizen, which is defined as a material
transfer system that does not rely on
electricity, pneumatics, or hydraulics, and
instead relies on low-energy mechanisms like
as gravity, levers, springs, and cams.
Furthermore, the goal of kara kuri is to
eliminate non-value-added labor by designing
simple, easy-to-use procedures.
2Founds
Based on the explanation of the
problems above, it can be connected with the
paper below.
2.1 Solar Powered Automatic Fruit Drying
System
The Solar Powered Automatic Fruit
Drying System is a small-scale fruit drier that
can dry a wide range of fruits. Fruits may be
dried and preserved to make their usage more
efficient and to keep them for a longer period of
time. Since ancient times, fruit drying has been
a common technique of preserving fruits. It is
possible to dry grapes using infrared radiation.
It's a one of a kind technique that differs from
traditional or natural drying methods.
The natural drying method has several
disadvantages, including the need for longer
time, a big investment in space and
infrastructure for the drying process, which a
middle-class farmer cannot afford. In
industrialized nations, a farmer's financial status
can be improved by supplying him with a
contemporary, automated, and low-cost fruit
drying facility. Using a Microcontroller, this
research offers a controlled environment
appropriate for small-scale fruit drying within a
closed chamber.
2.2 Development of A Semi-Industrial
Multi Fruit Dryer System Using
Simultaneous Intelligent Control
Food preservation has been done through
drying for millennia. The removal of water
from solids to a particular level using various
processes is known as fluid extraction in
material (Barrett et al., 2005). As a result,
drying is the removal of moisture from a
substance during a specified time period. The
drying system refers to the elements that
impact drying, such as the moisture content of
the item to be dried and the heating
temperature (Ceylan et al., 2007).
To obtain higher quality products,
reliable controller is the significant
requirement. There are several types of
controllers which are utilized in industrial
automations. The common controllers are
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) which
various developers commercialized. The
performance of PLC as the industrial grade
controller has been illustrated. The total cost
of PLC-based automation is very expensive
and does not allow using in small systems.
Microcontroller is the other processor
component which is very low-cost processor.
It is being employed in many semi-industrial
projects and small factories.
2.3 Performance of Drying Technologies to
Ensure Microbial Safety of Dried Fruits
and Vegetables
Solar drying and conventional air drying
are the most common techniques for
producing these dried products, although
there are other options. In terms of
technology, there is a general trend toward
improving and standardizing the drying
process in order to produce high-quality
items. This research looks at traditional and
emerging technologies for drying fruits,
vegetables, herbs, and spices, as well as their
capacity to kill bacteria and viruses when
drying. Overall, the microbial inactivation
effects of traditional techniques such as solar
drying, conventional air drying, or freeze-
drying has not been extensively studied.
Emerging methods such as dielectric (aided)
drying and low-pressure superheated steam
drying have been shown to decrease microbial
populations; nevertheless, the number of
studies is still restricted. Only a few studies
have been done on viral inactivation during
drying processes.
3Result
After analyzing the three
articles mentioned above, which are
this time linked to the problem, it was
determined that the product or
automation that would be developed
may be used to speed up the fruit
drying process and maximize the
results obtained and resulting in
enhanced product efficiency. The
term "efficiency" refers to the ability
to produce the most output with the
least amount of input. Efficiency may
also be described as "doing things
well," which entails minimizing
resource waste.
It can be improved
technologically, for as by installing a
solar system based on the Automated
Hyrid Drying Machine (AHDM), but
it is not cheap in terms of investment
costs. Using the Programmable Logic
Controller (PLC) technology, which
has been sold by a number of firms,
AHDM might be enhanced even
more. The PLC's capability as an
industrial controller has been proved.
PLC-based automation is excessively
expensive as a whole, rendering it
unsuitable for application in small
systems. Using a microcontroller
rather than a PLC can save money
while retaining the same level of
component quality and functionality.
Otherwise, Group D3 aimed to
combine and modify current
techniques in order to create a better
fruit drying equipment. The AHDM
(Automated Hybrid Drying
Machine), designed by D3, is a solar-
powered drying system that consists
of a rectangular oven with concave
mirrors that receive and reflect the
sun's rays. This is an industrial
automation device that emphasizes
efficiency and practicality.
Fruits will be put in a glass box
with concave mirrors attached. As
illustrated in figure 3.1, the fruits are
placed in a tray before entering the
drying chamber through the gate. The
springs at the bottom of the drying
chamber automatically shorten as the
weight of the fruit increases. When
the sun's rays penetrate the fruit and
evaporate the liquid, the weight will
decline. The springs fail and the fruit
tray slips out when it loses half of its
weight.
The springs will push the fruit
tray out as the bottom surface of the
oven is tilted. The tray will exit the
drying chamber through the other side
of the oven. The maximum capacity of
the oven for one time drying is 12kgs
as the chamber and tray area is 1m2.
This is a result of higher concentrate
formed by the light being reflected
with the concave mirrors. It creates
heat by direct contact with the mirrors
and being doubled by reflection to the
other side of the concave mirrors.
 dried fruits, which will automatically longing
and push the tray out once it is complete.

7Reference

Bourdoux, S., Li, D., Rajkovic, A.,

4 Devlieghere, F., & Uyttendaele, M.
Figure 4.1 Complete design of AHDM (up side) (2016). Performance of Drying
Source : Author Technologies to Ensure Microbial
Safety of Dried Fruits and Vegetables.
Comprehensive Reviews in Food
Science and Food Safety, 15(6), 1056–
1066. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-
4337.12224

Javanmard. (2010). Development of A Semi-

Industrial Multi Fruit Dryer System
5 Using Simultaneous Intelligent
Figure 5.2 Complete design of AHDM (left side) Control. American Journal of Applied
Source : Author
Sciences, 7(2), 160–166.
6Conclusion https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2010.16
0.166
MSMEs, or Micro and Small
Enterprises, are businesses that contribute to Patil, K. (2016). Solar Powered Automatic
and advance the Indonesian economy. Fruit Drying System.
Indonesia's MSMEs are expanding at a rapid
pace year after year. MSMEs (micro, small,
and medium-sized enterprises) are in the
millions. As a result, to compete with other
MSMEs, MSMEs must compete to maintain
their performance. One of the violators of
MSMEs activities is Mr. Giant's Candied
Fruit Manufacturing in Surabaya. To discover
a method for drying candied fruit, ‘Automated
Hybrid Drying Machine’ (AHDM), a tool
more suited for usage in their business.
The device's mechanism is based on
the utilization of sun rays and the karakuri
principle, which is enacted through the use of
springs. Research based on three articles
referenced in conclusions backs up this
suggested technique. This AHDM adapted
and integrated the use of concave mirrors and
the solar rays sensor, which was changed by
the use of springs, to detect the drying level of