Introduction to Personality

Development
ZPD 1101
Prof. Annabelle M. Espiritu
Definition and nature of Personality
Personality

- It is the total package of a person as summed up in his psychological, biological,

socio-cultural, and other traits as shown in his way of thinking, acting, feeling and relating
with other people. (Bernardo B. Rodolla Jr. et al)

Personality development

- is the development of the organized pattern of behavior and attitudes that makes a person
unique. Personality development occurs by the ongoing interaction of temperament ,
character, and environment.

Personality Development

- quintessentially means enhancing and grooming one's outer and inner self to bring about a
positive change to your life.(www.personalitydevelopment.org)
Determinants of Personality
1. Heredity
- people are born with a set of genes and chromosomes which are inherent
from their parents.
2. Environment
- It includes individuals, groups and institutions with whom the person
interacts with from childhood to adulthood.
3. Experience
- People are exposed to different things in a lifetime
- Different experiences encountered throughout his life.
Characteristics of Personality
❖ Psychological and Physiological - constructed psychologically which is influenced by
your biological needs and other processes

❖ Behavior and Actions - reflected in the ay you act, talk and behave

❖ Various Expressions - your feelings,thoughts and other social interactions may

visualize what type of a person you are

❖ Consistency - consistent behavior of personality.

How Well Have You Come to Know Yourself?
God gifted you with unique personality, it depends on you on how to enhance
or improve it.

Introspection
Theories of Personality
- Trait Theory
- Type Theory
- Psychodynamic Theory
- Humanistic Theory
Trait Theory
- Raymond B. Catell initiated this theory, which focuses on the
understanding of an individual’s trait that impicates “predisposition” as well.

- Classification of traits:
- Ability - purports one skill and capacity to perform functions
- Temperament - one’s emotional state
- Dynamic - ability of the person to progress, develop & foresee goals
and actions
Type Theory

- William Sheldon
- Based on physical characteristics ( bodily attributes)
- Endomorphic, mesomorphic and ectomorphic

Endomorphs - often seek comfort and support

Mesomorphs - energetic as well as forceful in his manner
Ectomorphs - physically weak; excessive restraint, inhibitions and inferior
relations
Psychodynamic Theories
- Sigmund Freud (psychosexual development) - id, ego, superego
- Oral Stage
- Anal Stage
- Phallic Stage
- Latency Stage
- Gential Stage
- Erik Erikson ( Psychosocial stages of development)
- Ability or failure to perform the tasks or overcome the crises at hand leads to the acquisition of
specific traits or attributes ( positive or negative)
- B.F.Skinner (Behaviorism)
- “Reinforcer” plays as it strengthens an individual’s behavior
Humanistic Theory
- Carl Rogers
- Desires to satisfy his Physiological and Psychological needs to attain
the level of self-actualization
- Self-concept

- Abraham Maslow
- Hierarchy of Needs
Sources:
Magalona, Ethel (2008). Personality Development and Human Relation: A
Practical Approach. Mindshapers Co.,Inc.

Rodolfa Jr, Bernardo B. et al, (2011). Leadership & Personality Development.

Mindshapers Co.,Inc.
www.personalitydevelopment.org

Shaffer, David R. Social and Personality Development. Wadsworth CENGAGE

Learning