Class 9th (Science) PTB Unit 02: Real and Complex Numbers

Question.2. Convert the following fractions

Rational number: into decimal fraction.
A number which can be written in the form of 17
(i) 25
𝑝
, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑝, 𝑞 𝜖 𝑍 Λ ≠ 0 is called a rational
𝑞 Solution.
number. 𝟎. 𝟔𝟖
3 22 2 19
e.g. 4 , ,6. (ii)
7 4
Irrational number: Solution.
A real number which cannot be written in the 𝟒. 𝟕𝟓
𝑝 57
form of 𝑞 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑝, 𝑞 𝜖 𝑍 Λ ≠ 0 is called an (iii) 8
irrational number. Solution.
e.g. √2 , √5 𝟕. 𝟏𝟐𝟓
205
Real number: (iv) 18
The field of all rational and irrational numbers is Solution.
called the real numbers, or simply the "reals," 𝟏𝟏. 𝟑𝟖𝟖𝟗
and denoted ℝ . (v) 8
5

Terminating decimal:
Solution.
A decimal which has only a finite number of digits
𝟎. 𝟔𝟐𝟓
in its decimal part, is called terminating decimal. 25
e.g. 202.04, 0.25, 0.5 example of terminating (vi) 38
decimal. Solution.
Recurring decimal: 𝟎. 𝟔𝟓𝟕𝟖𝟗
A decimal in which one or more digits repeats Question.3. Which of the following statements are
indefinitely is called recurring decimal or periodic true and which are false?
𝟐
decimal. (i). 𝟑 𝒊𝒔 𝒂𝒏 𝒊𝒓𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓.
e.g. 0.33333 , 21.134134 … … Solution.
False.
Exercise 2.1 (ii). 𝝅 𝒊𝒔 𝒂𝒏 𝒊𝒓𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓.
Question.1. Identify which of the following are Solution.
rational and irrational numbers True.
𝟏
(i). √𝟑 (iii). 𝟗 𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏.
Solution. Solution.
Is an irrational number. False.
𝟏 𝟑
(ii). 𝟔 (iv). 𝟒 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏.
Solution. Solution.
Is a rational number. True.
𝟒
(iii). 𝝅 (v). 𝟓 𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏..
Solution. Solution.
Is an irrational number. False.
𝟏𝟓
(iv). Question.4. Represent the following numbers on
𝟕
Solution. the number line
𝟐
Is a rational number. (i) 𝟑
(v). 7.25 Solution.
Solution.
Is a rational number. -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
(vi). √𝟐𝟗 𝟒
Solution. (ii). −
𝟓
Is an irrational number. Solution.

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Class 9th (Science) PTB Unit 2 Written by Amir Shehzad
𝟓
𝒙=
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 𝟗
𝟓
𝟑 ̅=
𝟎. 𝟓
(iii). 𝟏 𝟒 𝟗
Solution. 𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓.
(ii). 𝟎. ̅̅̅̅
𝟏𝟑
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 Solution.
(iv). −𝟐 𝟖
𝟓 Let
𝒙 = 𝟎. ̅̅̅̅
𝟏𝟑
Solution.
That is
𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟑 … → (𝒊)
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Only two digits 13 is being repeated, multiply
(v). √𝟓 by 100 on both sides of (𝒊), we have
Solution. 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒙 = (𝟎. 𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟑 … ) × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒙 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟑 … → (𝒊𝒊)
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Subtracting (𝒊)𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 (𝒊𝒊), 𝒘𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆
𝟑
Question.5. Give a rational number between 𝟒 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒙 − 𝒙
and 𝟗 .
𝟓 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟑 … . −𝟎. 𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟑𝟏𝟑 …
𝟗𝟗𝒙 = 𝟏𝟑
Solution. 𝟏𝟑
The mean of the numbers is between given 𝒙=
𝟗𝟗
numbers. Therefore 𝟏𝟑
𝟑 𝟓 ̅̅̅̅ =
𝟎. 𝟏𝟑
+ 𝟗𝟗
𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 = 𝟒 𝟗 𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓.
𝟐
𝟐𝟕 + 𝟐𝟎 ̅̅̅̅
(iii). 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕
= 𝟑𝟔 Solution.
𝟐 Let
𝟒𝟕 𝒙 = 𝟎. ̅̅̅̅
𝟔𝟕
= 𝟑𝟔 That is
𝟐
𝟒𝟕 𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕𝟔𝟕𝟔𝟕𝟔𝟕 … → (𝒊)
= Only two digits 67 is being repeated, multiply
𝟑𝟔 × 𝟐
𝟒𝟕 by 100 on both sides of (𝒊), we have
=
𝟕𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒙 = (𝟎. 𝟔𝟕𝟔𝟕𝟔𝟕𝟔𝟕 … ) × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏.6. Express the following recurring 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒙 = 𝟔𝟕. 𝟔𝟕𝟔𝟕𝟔𝟕𝟔𝟕 … → (𝒊𝒊)
p
decimals as the rational number , where p, q Subtracting (𝒊)𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 (𝒊𝒊), 𝒘𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆
q
are integers and q  0. 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒙 − 𝒙
̅
(i). 𝟎. 𝟓 = 𝟔𝟕. 𝟔𝟕𝟔𝟕𝟔𝟕𝟔𝟕 … . −𝟎. 𝟔𝟕𝟔𝟕𝟔𝟕𝟔𝟕 …
Solution.
𝟗𝟗𝒙 = 𝟔𝟕
Let
𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟓 ̅ 𝟔𝟕
𝒙=
That is 𝟗𝟗
𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 … → (𝒊) 𝟔𝟕
Only one digit 5 is being repeated, multiply by ̅̅̅̅ =
𝟎. 𝟔𝟕
𝟗𝟗
10 on both sides of (𝒊), we have
𝟏𝟎𝒙 = (𝟎. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 … ) × 𝟏𝟎 𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓.
𝟏𝟎𝒙 = 𝟓. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 … → (𝒊𝒊)
Subtracting (𝒊)𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 (𝒊𝒊), 𝒘𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆
𝟏𝟎𝒙 − 𝒙 = 𝟓. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 … . −𝟎. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 …
𝟗𝒙 = 𝟓

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Class 9th (Science) PTB Unit 2 Written by Amir Shehzad
Properties of Real Numbers: 1
𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ
Binary Operations: 𝑎
A binary operation in a set A is a rule usually 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟.
denoted by ∗ that assigns to any pair of elements Commutative Law for Multiplication:
of A to another element of A. e.g. two important
binary operations are addition and multiplication ∀ 𝑎 , 𝑏 ∈ ℜ 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑏 = 𝑏𝑎.
in a set of real numbers. ( ∀ 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑙. ) Properties of Equality:
Addition Laws: Reflexive property:
Closure Law of Addition:
∀ 𝑎 ∈ ℜ 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎 = 𝑎
∀ 𝑎 , 𝑏 ∈ ℜ 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎 + 𝑏 ∈ ℜ
Symmetric Property:
Associative Law of Addition:
∀ 𝑎 , 𝑏 ∈ ℜ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑓 𝑎 = 𝑏 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑏 = 𝑎.
∀ 𝑎 , 𝑏 , 𝑐 ∈ ℜ 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎 + (𝑏 + 𝑐) = (𝑎 + 𝑏) + 𝑐.
Transitive Property:
Additive Identity:
∀ 𝑎 , 𝑏 , 𝑐 ∈ ℜ , 𝑖𝑓 𝑎 = 𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = 𝑐 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎 = 𝑐.
∀ 𝑎 ∈ ℜ , ∃ 0 ∈ ℜ 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑎 + 0 = 0 + 𝑎 = 𝑎.
Additive Property:
∃ 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 0 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒
∀ 𝑎 , 𝑏 , 𝑐 ∈ ℜ , 𝑎 = 𝑏 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎 + 𝑐 = 𝑏 + 𝑐.
𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦.
Multiplicative Property:
Additive Inverse:
∀ 𝑎 , 𝑏 , 𝑐 ∈ ℜ , 𝑎 = 𝑏 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑐 = 𝑏𝑐.
∀ 𝑎 ∈ ℜ , ∃ − 𝑎 ∈ ℜ 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑎 + (−𝑎)
Cancellation Property w.r.t. addition:
= −𝑎 + 𝑎 = 0.
∀ 𝑎 , 𝑏 , 𝑐 ∈ ℜ , 𝑎 + 𝑐 = 𝑏 + 𝑐 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎 = 𝑏.
−𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ
Cancellation Property w.r.t. Multiplication:
𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟. ∀ 𝑎 , 𝑏 , 𝑐 ∈ ℜ , 𝑎𝑐 = 𝑏𝑐 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎 = 𝑏.

Commutative Law for Addition: Distributive property of multiplication over

addition.
∀ 𝑎 , 𝑏 ∈ ℜ 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 𝑏 + 𝑎.
𝑎(𝑏 + 𝑐) = 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎𝑐
Multiplication Laws:
Distributive property of multiplication over
Closure Law of Multiplication: Subtraction.
∀ 𝑎 , 𝑏 ∈ ℜ 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑏 𝑎(𝑏 − 𝑐) = 𝑎𝑏 − 𝑎𝑐
∈ℜ ∀ 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑙.
Properties of Inequalities (Order
Associative Law of Multiplication: properties):
∀ 𝑎 , 𝑏 , 𝑐 ∈ ℜ 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎(𝑏𝑐) = (𝑎𝑏)𝑐. Trichotomy Property:
∀ 𝑎 ,𝑏 ∈ ℜ
Multiplicative Identity: 𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑎 = 𝑏 𝑜𝑟 𝑎 > 𝑏 𝑜𝑟 𝑎 < 𝑏.
Transitive Property:
∀ 𝑎 ∈ ℜ , ∃ 1 ∈ ℜ 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑎. 1 = 1. 𝑎 = 𝑎. ∀ 𝑎 ,𝑏 ∈ ℜ
∃ 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 (i). 𝑖𝑓 𝑎 > 𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 > 𝑐 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎 > 𝑐.
(ii). 𝑖𝑓 𝑎 < 𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 < 𝑐 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎 < 𝑐.
𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦. Additive Property:
∀ 𝑎 ,𝑏 ∈ ℜ
Multiplicative Inverse: (i). 𝑖𝑓 𝑎 > 𝑏 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎 + 𝑐 > 𝑏 + 𝑐.
1 1 1 (ii). 𝑖𝑓 𝑎 < 𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎 + 𝑐 < 𝑏 + 𝑐.
∀ 𝑎 ∈ ℜ , ∃ 𝑎′ = ∈ ℜ 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑎. = . 𝑎 Multiplicative Properties:
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
= 1. ∀ 𝑎 ,𝑏 ,𝑐 ∈ ℜ

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Class 9th (Science) PTB Unit 2 Written by Amir Shehzad
𝐼𝑓 𝑐 > 0
(i). 𝑖𝑓 𝑎 > 𝑏 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑐 > 𝑏𝑐. Question.3. Give the name of property used in
(ii). 𝑖𝑓 𝑎 < 𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑐 < 𝑏𝑐. the following.
𝐼𝑓 𝑐 < 0 (i). √𝟐𝟒 + 𝟎 = √𝟐𝟒
(iii). 𝑖𝑓 𝑎 > 𝑏 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑐 < 𝑏𝑐. Solution.
(iv). 𝑖𝑓 𝑎 < 𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑐 > 𝑏𝑐.
𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦.
𝟐 𝟕 𝟐 𝟐 𝟕
(ii). − 𝟑 (𝟓 + 𝟐) = (− 𝟑) (𝟓) + (− 𝟑) (𝟐)
Exercise 2.2
Solution.
Question.1. Identify the property used in the
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟
following.
𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.
(i). 𝒂 + 𝒃 = 𝒃 + 𝒂
(iii). 𝝅 + (−𝝅) = 𝟎
Solution.
Solution.
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦 𝑤. 𝑟. 𝑡 𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.
𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒.
(ii). (𝒂𝒃)𝒄 = 𝒂(𝒃𝒄)
Solution. (iv). √𝟑. √𝟑 𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓.
𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦 𝑤. 𝑟. 𝑡 𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛. Solution.
(iii). 𝟕 × 𝟏 = 𝟕 𝐶𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑤 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.
𝟓 𝟖
Solution. (v). (− 𝟖) (− 𝟓) = 𝟏
𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦. Solution.
(iv). 𝒙 > 𝒚 𝒐𝒓 𝒙 = 𝒚 𝒐𝒓 𝒙 < 𝒚 𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒.
Solution. Radicals and Radicands:
𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑦 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦.
(v). 𝒂𝒃 = 𝒃𝒂 If 𝑛 is a positive integer greater than 1 and 𝑎 is a
Solution. real number , then any real number 𝑥 such that
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦 𝑤. 𝑟. 𝑡 𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛. 𝑥𝑛 = 𝑎 is called the nth root of
(vi). 𝒂 + 𝒃 = 𝒃 + 𝒄 => 𝒂 = 𝒃 𝑎 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑤𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑠
Solution. 1
𝑛
𝐶𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐿𝑎𝑤 𝑤. 𝑟. 𝑡 𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛. 𝑥 = √𝑎 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = (𝑎)𝑛
(vii). 𝟓 + (−𝟓) = 𝟎 𝑛
And √𝑎 is called radical, the symbol √ is called
Solution.
the radical sign , n is called the index of the radical
𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒.
𝟏 and the real number 𝑎 under the radical sign is
(viii). 𝟕 × 𝟕 called the radicand or base.
Solution.
𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒. Radical and Exponent Form:
(ix). 𝒂 > 𝒃 => 𝒂𝒄 > 𝒃𝒄 ( 𝒄 > 𝟎) 𝑛
𝑥 = √𝑎 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎
Solution. 1
𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡. = 𝑥 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚.
Question.2. Fill in the following blanks by Some Properties of Radicals:
stating the properties of real numbers used.
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟑(𝒚 − 𝒙) (i). √𝑎𝑏 = √𝑎 √𝑏
Solution.
𝑛
Given 𝑛 𝑎 √𝑎
(ii). √𝑏 = 𝑛
√𝑏
3𝑥 + 3(𝑦 − 𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 3𝑥
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦 𝑤. 𝑟. 𝑡 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑛𝑚 𝑛𝑚
(iii). √ √𝑎 = √𝑎
𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.
𝑚
= 3𝑥 − 3𝑥 𝑛
(iv). √𝑎𝑚 = ( √𝑎)
𝑛

+ 3𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦 𝑤. 𝑟. 𝑡 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.

𝑛
= 0 + 3𝑦 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑦. (v). √𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎
= 3𝑦 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦.
Answer.

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Class 9th (Science) PTB Unit 2 Written by Amir Shehzad
1 1
Exercise # 2.3 = (24 )4 × 24
4
Question.1. Write each radical expression in = 2 × √2
4
exponential notation and each exponential = 2 √2
expression in radical notation. Do not simplify. Answer.
1
3
(i). √−64 = (−64)3 5 3
(iii). √32
Solution.
3
1 Solution.
√−64 = (−64)3 1
3 5 3 3 5
(ii). 2 5 √ =( )
Solution. 32 32
3 1
5
25 = √23 3 5
1 = ( 5)
(iii). −73 2
1
Solution. 35
1 = 1
25×5
3
−73 = − √7
2 5
√3
(iv). 𝑦 −3 =
Solution. 2
2
Answer.
𝑦 −3 = √𝑦 −2
3
3 −8
(iv). √ 27
Question.2. Tell whether the following
statements are true or false? Solution.
1 1
(i). 5 = √5
5 3 −8 −23 3
Solution. √ =( 3 )
27 3
1 5
𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 55 = √5 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒. 1
2 −23×3
(ii). 2 = √4
3
3 = 1
Solution. 33×3
2
−2
3 3 =
𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 23 = √22 = √4 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒. 3
(iii). √49 = √7 Answer.
Solution. Base and Exponents:
In the exponential form
𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 √49 = √72 = 7𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒.
3 𝑎𝑛 ( 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑡ℎ 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟) we call ′′𝑎′′ as
(iv). √𝑥 27 = 𝑥 3
the base and ′′𝑛′′ as the exponent or power.
Solution.
27 Laws of Exponents:
3
𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 √𝑥 27 = 𝑥 3 = 𝑥 9 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒. If 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈
Question.3. Simplify the following radical 𝑅 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚 , 𝑛 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑠, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛
expressions. (i). 𝑎𝑚 . 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚+𝑛
3
(i). √−125 (ii). (𝑎𝑚 )𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚𝑛
Solution. (iii). (𝑎𝑏)𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 𝑏 𝑛
3 3 𝑎 𝑛 𝑎𝑛
√−125 = √−53 (iv). (𝑏) = 𝑏𝑛
1
= (−5)3×3 𝑎𝑚
(v). = 𝑎𝑚−𝑛
= −5 𝑎𝑛
Answer. (vi). 𝑎0 = 1 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑎 ≠ 0
4
(ii). √32
1
Solution. (vii). 𝑎−𝑛 = , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑎 ≠ 0
4 4
𝑎𝑛
√32 = √24 × 2
1
= (24 × 2)4

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Class 9th (Science) PTB Unit 2 Written by Amir Shehzad

Exercise # 2.4 𝑥 6×3 𝑧 4×3

=
Question.1. Use laws of exponents to simplify 𝑦 2×3
𝑥18 𝑧12
2 1 =
(243)−3 (32)−5 𝑦6
(i).
√(196)−1 Answer.
Solution. (81)𝑛 .35 −(3)4𝑛−1 (243)
2 1 2 1 (iv). (9)2𝑛 .33
(243)−3 (32)−5 (35 )−3 (25 )− 5 Solution.
= 1
√(196)−1 (142 )−1×2 (81)𝑛 . 35 − (3)4𝑛−1 (243)
10 (9)2𝑛 . 33
3− 3 2− 1
= (34 )𝑛 . 35 − (3)4𝑛−1 (3)5
14−1 =
10 (32 )2𝑛 . 33
3− 3 2− 1 (3)4𝑛 . 35 − (3)4𝑛−1 (3)5
= =
(2 × 7)−1 (3)4𝑛 . 33
10
3− 3 2− 1 34𝑛+5 − 34𝑛−1+5
= −1 =
2 × 7−1 34𝑛+3
4𝑛+5
10 3 − 34𝑛+4
3− 3 =
= −1 34𝑛+3
7 3 4𝑛+4 1
(3 − 1)
7 =
= 9+1 34𝑛+3
3 3 = 34𝑛+4−4𝑛−3 (2)
7 = 31 (2)
= 9 1
33+3 =6
7 Answer
= 9 1 Question.2. Show that
33 × 3 3 𝒃+𝒄
7 𝒙𝒂 𝒂+𝒃 𝒙𝒃 𝒙𝒄 𝒄+𝒂
= 3 ( 𝒃) × ( 𝒄) × ( 𝒂) =𝟏
33 × √3 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙
7 Solution.
= 3
27√3 𝑏+𝑐
𝑥 𝑎 𝑎+𝑏 𝑥𝑏 𝑥 𝑐 𝑐+𝑎
Answer. 𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 = ( 𝑏 ) × ( 𝑐) × ( 𝑎)
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
(ii). (2𝑥 5 𝑦 −4 )(−8𝑥 −3 𝑦 2 ) 𝑎−𝑏 𝑎+𝑏 𝑏−𝑐 𝑏+𝑐
𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 = (𝑥 ) × (𝑥 ) × (𝑥 𝑐−𝑎 )𝑐+𝑎
Solution.
𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 = 𝑥 (𝑎−𝑏)(𝑎+𝑏) × 𝑥 (𝑏−𝑐)(𝑏+𝑐) × 𝑥 (𝑐−𝑎)(𝑐+𝑎)
(2𝑥 5 𝑦 −4 )(−8𝑥 −3 𝑦 2 ) = (2)(−8)𝑥 5 . 𝑦 −4 . 𝑥 −3 𝑦 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 = 𝑥 𝑎 −𝑏 × 𝑥 𝑏 −𝑐 × 𝑥 𝑐 −𝑎
= −16 𝑥 5−3 . 𝑦 −4+2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= −16 𝑥 2 . 𝑦 −2 𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 = 𝑥 𝑎 −𝑏 +𝑏 −𝑐 +𝑐 −𝑎
16𝑥 2 𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 = 𝑥 0 = 1
=− 2 Hence Proved.
𝑦
Answer. Question.3. Simplify
1 1 1
−3 23 (27)3 (60)2
𝑥 −2 𝑦 −1 𝑧 −4
(iii). ( ) (i). 1 1 1
𝑥 4 𝑦 −3 𝑧 0 (180)2 (4)−3 94
Solution. Solution.
−2 −1 −4 −3 −1+3 −3 1 1 1 1 1 1
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑦 23 (27)3 (60)2 23 (33 )3 (22 . 3.5)2
( 4 −3 0 ) = ( ) =
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑥 4+2 𝑧 0+4
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 −3 (180)2 (4)−3 94 (22 . 32 . 5)2 (22 )−3 (32 )4
𝑦 1 1 1 1
= ( 6 4) 23 31 . 22×2 . 32 . 52
𝑥 𝑧
3
= 1 1 1 2 1
𝑥6𝑧4 22×2 . 32×2 . 52 . 2−3 32×4
= ( 2 ) 1 1 1
𝑦 23 31 . 21 . 32 . 52
= 1 2 1
21 . 31 . 52 . 2−3 32
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Class 9th (Science) PTB Unit 2 Written by Amir Shehzad
1
23
= 2
Complex Numbers:
2 3 − The numbers of the form 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 , where 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈
1 2 ℜ ,are called complex numbers, here x is
= 23+3
1+2 called real part and y is called imaginary part
=2 3 of the complex number.
3 Remarks:
= 23
1. Every real number is a complex number
=2
with 0 as its imaginary part.
Answer. Conjugate Complex Numbers:
2
(216)3 (25)2
1
𝑖𝑓 𝑍 = 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏 𝑏𝑒 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑥 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑍̅ =
(ii). √ 1 𝑎 − 𝑖𝑏 is the conjugate of the complex number
(0.04)−2
𝑍 = 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏.
Solution.
Remarks:
2 1 2 1 1. A real number is self-Conjugate.
(216)3 (25)2 (63 )3 (52 )2 Equality of Two Complex Numbers:
√ 1 =√ 1
−
(0.04) 2 4 −2 Two complex numbers 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 +
(100)
𝑑𝑖 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑓 𝑎 = 𝑐 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = 𝑑.
That is
62 . 51
= 1
𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏 = 𝑐 + 𝑖𝑑 ⇒ 𝑎 = 𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 = 𝑑.
√
1 −2
( )
25 Exercise # 2.5
62 . 51 Question.1. Evaluate
=√ 1
(25)2 (i). 𝒊𝟕
Solution.
62 .5
=√ 1
𝒊𝟕 = 𝒊𝟔 . 𝒊
(52 )2 = (𝒊𝟐 )𝟑 . 𝒊
= (−𝟏)𝟑 . 𝒊
62 . 5
=√ = (−𝟏). 𝒊
5 = −𝒊
= √36 𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓.
𝟓𝟎
=6 (ii). 𝒊
Answer. 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏.
3
(iii). 52 ÷ (52 )3 𝒊𝟓𝟎 = (𝒊𝟐 )𝟐𝟓
Solution. = (−𝟏)𝟐𝟓
3 58 = −𝟏
52 ÷ (52 )3 = 56
𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓.
= 58−6 (𝒊𝒊𝒊). 𝒊𝟏𝟐
= 52 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏.
= 25 𝒊𝟏𝟐 = (𝒊𝟐 )𝟔
Answer.
2
= (−𝟏)𝟔
(iv). (𝑥 3 )2 ÷ 𝑥 3 =𝟏
Solution. Answer.
2 𝑥6 (iv). (−𝒊)𝟖
(𝑥 3 )2 ÷ 𝑥 3 =
𝑥8 Solution.
1
= (−𝒊)𝟖 = 𝒊𝟖
𝑥 8−6 = (𝒊𝟐 )𝟒
1
= = (−𝟏)𝟒
𝑥2
Answer. =𝟏
Answer.
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Class 9th (Science) PTB Unit 2 Written by Amir Shehzad
(v). (−𝒊)𝟓 𝑅𝑒(𝑍) = 1 , 𝐼𝑚(𝑍) = 1
Solution. Answer.
(−𝒊)𝟓= −𝒊 𝟓 (ii). −𝟏 + 𝟐𝒊
= −𝒊𝟒 . 𝒊 Solution.
= −(𝒊𝟐 )𝟐 . 𝒊 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑍 = −𝟏 + 𝟐𝒊
= −(−𝟏)𝟐 . 𝒊 𝑅𝑒(𝑍) = −1 , 𝐼𝑚(𝑍) = 2
= −(𝟏). 𝒊 Answer.
= −𝒊 (iii). −𝟑𝒊 + 𝟐
Answer. Solution.
(vi). 𝒊𝟐𝟕 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑍 = −𝟑𝒊 + 𝟐 = 𝟐 − 𝟑𝒊
Solution. 𝑅𝑒(𝑍) = 2 , 𝐼𝑚(𝑍) = −3
𝒊𝟐𝟕 = 𝒊𝟐𝟔 . 𝒊 Answer.
= (𝒊𝟐 )𝟏𝟑 . 𝒊 (iv). −𝟐 − 𝟐𝒊
= (−𝟏)𝟏𝟑 . 𝒊 Solution.
= (−𝟏). 𝒊 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑍 = −𝟐𝒊 − 𝟐 = −𝟐 − 𝟐𝒊
= −𝟏 𝑅𝑒(𝑍) = −2 , 𝐼𝑚(𝑍) = −2
Answer. Answer.
Question.2. Write the conjugate of the following (v). −𝟑𝒊
numbers. Solution.
(i). 𝟐 + 𝟑𝒊 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑍 = −𝟑𝒊 = 𝟎 − 𝟑𝒊
Solution. 𝑅𝑒(𝑍) = 0 , 𝐼𝑚(𝑍) = −3
𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑍 = 2 + 3𝑖 Answer.
𝑍̅ = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
2 + 3𝑖 = 2 − 3𝑖 (vi). 𝟐 + 𝟎𝒊
Answer. Solution.
(ii). 𝟑 − 𝟓𝒊 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑍 = 𝟐 + 𝟎𝒊
Solution. 𝑅𝑒(𝑍) = 2 , 𝐼𝑚(𝑍) = 0
𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑍 = 𝟑 − 𝟓𝒊 Answer.
𝑍̅ = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝟑 − 𝟓𝒊 = 𝟑 + 𝟓𝒊 Question.4. Find the value of 𝒙 and 𝒚 if
Answer. 𝒙 + 𝒊𝒚 + 𝟏 = 𝟒 − 𝟑𝒊
(iii). −𝒊 Solution.
Solution. Given that
𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑍 = −𝒊 𝒙 + 𝟏 + 𝒊𝒚 = 𝟒 − 𝟑𝒊
Separating real and imaginary parts
𝑍̅ = −𝒊
̅̅̅̅ = +𝒊
𝒙+𝟏=𝟒 , 𝒚 = −𝟑
Answer.
𝒙=𝟒−𝟏 , 𝒚 = −𝟑
(iv). −𝟑 + 𝟒𝒊
𝒙=𝟑 , 𝒚 = −𝟑
Solution.
Answer.
𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑍 = −𝟑 + 𝟒𝒊
Operations on Complex Numbers:
𝑍̅ = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
−𝟑 + 𝟒𝒊 = −𝟑 − 𝟒𝒊 The symbols a,b,c,d,k, where used, represent
Answer. real numbers
(v). −𝟒 − 𝒊 Addition of Two Complex Numbers:
Solution. (𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏) + (𝑐 + 𝑖𝑑) = (𝑎 + 𝑏) + 𝑖(𝑐 + 𝑑).
𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑍 = −𝟒 − 𝒊 Scalar Multiplication:
𝑍̅ = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
−𝟒 − 𝒊 = −𝟒 + 𝒊 𝑘(𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏) = 𝑘𝑎 + 𝑖𝑘𝑏.
Answer. Subtraction of Two Complex Numbers:
Question.3. Write the real and imaginary part of (𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏) − (𝑐 + 𝑖𝑑) = (𝑎 − 𝑏) + 𝑖(𝑐 − 𝑑).
the following numbers. Multiplication of Two Complex Numbers:
(i). 𝟏 + 𝒊 (𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏)(𝑐 + 𝑖𝑑) = (𝑎𝑐 − 𝑏𝑑) + 𝑖(𝑎𝑑 + 𝑏𝑐).
Solution. Division of two Complex Numbers:
𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑍 = 1 + 𝑖

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Class 9th (Science) PTB Unit 2 Written by Amir Shehzad
(𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏) 𝑎𝑐 − 𝑏𝑑 𝑏𝑐 − 𝑎𝑑 Answer.
= 2 + 𝑖
(𝑐 + 𝑖𝑑) 𝑐 + 𝑑 2 𝑐 2 + 𝑑2 (ii). 𝟐(𝟓 + 𝟒𝒊) − 𝟑(𝟕 + 𝟒𝒊)
Exercise # 2.6 Solution.
Question.1. Identify the following statements as 𝟐(𝟓 + 𝟒𝒊) − 𝟑(𝟕 + 𝟒𝒊) = 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟖𝒊 − 𝟐𝟏 − 𝟏𝟐𝒊
true or false. = −𝟏𝟏 − 𝟑𝒊
(i). √−3 × √−3 = 3 Answer.
Solution. (iii). −𝟏(−𝟑 + 𝟓𝒊) − (𝟒 + 𝟗𝒊)
Solution.
𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 √−3 × √−3 = √3𝑖 × √3𝑖
2
−𝟏(−𝟑 + 𝟓𝒊) − (𝟒 + 𝟗𝒊) = 𝟑 − 𝟓𝒊 − 𝟒 − 𝟗𝒊
= (√3) 𝑖 2 = −3 = −𝟏 − 𝟏𝟒𝒊
(ii). 𝑖 73 = −𝑖 Answer.
Solution. (iv). 𝟐𝒊𝟐 + 𝟔𝒊𝟑 + 𝟑𝒊𝟏𝟔 − 𝟔𝒊𝟏𝟗 + 𝟒𝒊𝟐𝟓
𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑖 73 = 𝑖 72 . 𝑖 = (𝑖 2 )36 . 𝑖 Solution.
= (−1)36 . 𝑖 = 𝑖 𝟐𝒊𝟐 + 𝟔𝒊𝟑 + 𝟑𝒊𝟏𝟔 − 𝟔𝒊𝟏𝟗 + 𝟒𝒊𝟐𝟓
10
(iii). 𝑖 = −1 = 𝟐(−𝟏) + 𝟔𝒊𝟐 𝒊 + 𝟑𝒊𝟏𝟔 − 𝟔𝒊𝟏𝟖 𝒊
Solution. + 𝟒𝒊𝟐𝟒 𝒊
𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑖 10 = (𝑖 2 )5 = (−1)5 = −1 = 𝟐(−𝟏) + 𝟔(−𝟏)𝒊 + 𝟑(𝒊𝟐 )𝟖 − 𝟔(𝒊𝟐 )𝟗 𝒊
(iv). 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 (−6𝑖 + + 𝟒(𝒊𝟐 )𝟏𝟐 𝒊
𝑖 2 ) 𝑖𝑠 (−1 + 6𝑖) = −𝟐 − 𝟔𝒊 + 𝟑(−𝟏)𝟖 − 𝟔(−𝟏)𝟗 𝒊 + 𝟒(−𝟏)𝟏𝟐 𝒊
Solution. = −𝟐 − 𝟔𝒊 + 𝟑(𝟏) − 𝟔(−𝟏)𝒊 + 𝟒(𝟏)𝒊
𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
−6𝑖 + 𝑖2 = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
−6𝑖 − 1 = −1 + 6𝑖 = −𝟐 − 𝟔𝒊 + 𝟑 + 𝟔𝒊 + 𝟒𝒊
(v). Difference of a complex number 𝑧 = 𝑎 + = 𝟏 + 𝟒𝒊
𝑏𝑖 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟. Question.3. Simplify and write your answer in
Solution. the form 𝒂 + 𝒃𝒊.
𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑍 − 𝑍̅ = (𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖) − (𝑎 − 𝑏𝑖) (i). (−𝟕 + 𝟑𝒊)(−𝟑 + 𝟐𝒊)
= 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 − 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 = 2𝑏𝑖 Solution.
(vi). If (𝑎 − 1) − (𝑏 + 3)𝑖 = 5 + 8𝑖 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎 = (−𝟕 + 𝟑𝒊)(−𝟑 + 𝟐𝒊) = 𝟐𝟏 − 𝟏𝟒𝒊 − 𝟗𝒊 + 𝟔𝒊𝟐
6 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = −11. = 𝟐𝟏 − 𝟏𝟒𝒊 − 𝟗𝒊 − 𝟔
Solution. = 𝟏𝟓 − 𝟐𝟑𝒊
True because Comparing real and imaginary parts Answer.
in given equation (ii). (𝟐 − √−𝟒)(𝟑 − √−𝟒)
𝑎 − 1 = 5 , − (𝑏 + 3) = 8 Solution.
𝑎 = 5+1 , 𝑏 + 3 = −8 (𝟐 − √−𝟒)(𝟑 − √−𝟒) = (𝟐 − 𝟐𝒊)(𝟑 − 𝟐𝒊)
𝑎=6 , 𝑏 = −8 − 3 = 𝟐(𝟑 − 𝟐𝒊) − 𝟐𝒊(𝟑 − 𝟐𝒊)
𝑎=6 , 𝑏 = −11 = 𝟔 − 𝟒𝒊 − 𝟔𝒊 + 𝟒𝒊𝟐
(vii) Product of a complex number and its = 𝟔 − 𝟏𝟎𝒊 − 𝟒
conjugate is always a non-negative real number. = 𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝒊
Solution. Answer.
𝟐
𝑻𝒓𝒖𝒆 𝒃𝒆𝒄𝒂𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒙 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒓 𝒁 (iii). (√𝟓 − 𝟑𝒊)
= 𝒂 + 𝒃𝒊 Solution.
𝒁. 𝒁̅ = (𝒂 + 𝒃𝒊) . (𝒂 − 𝒃𝒊) = 𝒂𝟐 − (𝒃𝒊)𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
(√𝟓 − 𝟑𝒊) = (√𝟓) + (𝟑𝒊)𝟐 − 𝟐(√𝟓)(𝟑𝒊)
= 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐
Is a real number. = 𝟓 + 𝟗𝒊𝟐 − 𝟔√𝟓𝒊
Question.2. Express each complex number in = 𝟓 − 𝟗 − 𝟔√𝟓𝒊
the standard form 𝒂 + 𝒃𝒊 where ‘a’ and ‘b’ = −𝟒 − 𝟔√𝟓𝒊
are real numbers. Answer.
(i). (2 + 3𝑖) + (7 − 2𝑖) ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
(iv). (𝟐 − 𝟑𝒊)(𝟑 − 𝟐𝒊)
Solution. Solution.
(2 + 3𝑖) + (7 − 2𝑖) = 2 + 3𝑖 + 7 − 2𝑖 ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
(𝟐 − 𝟑𝒊)(𝟑 − 𝟐𝒊) = (𝟐 − 𝟑𝒊)(𝟑 + 𝟐𝒊)
=𝟗+𝒊 = 𝟐(𝟑 + 𝟐𝒊) − 𝟑𝒊(𝟑 + 𝟐𝒊)
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Class 9th (Science) PTB Unit 2 Written by Amir Shehzad
= 𝟔 + 𝟒𝒊 − 𝟗𝒊 − 𝟔𝒊𝟐 (iv).
𝟐−𝟔𝒊
− 𝟑+𝒊
𝟒+𝒊
𝟑+𝒊
= 𝟔 − 𝟓𝒊 + 𝟔 Solution.
= 𝟏𝟐 − 𝟓𝒊 𝟐 − 𝟔𝒊 𝟒 + 𝒊 𝟐 − 𝟔𝒊 𝟑 − 𝒊 𝟒 + 𝒊 𝟑 − 𝒊
Answer. − = × − ×
𝟑+𝒊 𝟑+𝒊 𝟑+𝒊 𝟑−𝒊 𝟑+𝒊 𝟑−𝒊
Question.4. Simplify and write your answer in 𝟐(𝟑 − 𝒊) − 𝟔𝒊(𝟑 − 𝒊) 𝟒(𝟑 − 𝒊) + 𝒊(𝟑 − 𝒊)
the form of 𝒂 + 𝒃𝒊. = −
𝟐
𝟑𝟐 − 𝒊𝟐 𝟑𝟐 − 𝒊𝟐
(i). − 𝟏+𝒊 𝟔 − 𝟐𝒊 − 𝟏𝟖𝒊 + 𝟔𝒊𝟐
=
Solution. 𝟗+𝟏
𝟐 −𝟐 𝟏−𝒊 𝟏𝟐 − 𝟒𝒊 + 𝟑𝒊 − 𝒊𝟐
− = × −
𝟏+𝒊 𝟏+𝒊 𝟏−𝒊 𝟗+𝟏
−𝟐 + 𝟐𝒊 𝟔 − 𝟐𝟎𝒊 − 𝟔 𝟏𝟐 − 𝒊 + 𝟏
= 𝟐 = −
𝟏 − 𝒊𝟐 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
−𝟐 + 𝟐𝒊 −𝟐𝟎𝒊 𝟏𝟑 − 𝒊
= = −
𝟏+𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
−𝟐 + 𝟐𝒊 −𝟐𝟎𝒊 − 𝟏𝟑 + 𝒊
= =
𝟐 𝟏𝟎
𝟐 𝟐𝒊 −𝟐𝟎𝒊 − 𝟏𝟑 + 𝒊
=− + =
𝟐 𝟐 𝟏𝟎
= −𝟏 + 𝒊 −𝟏𝟑 − 𝟏𝟗𝒊
=
Answer. 𝟏𝟎
𝟐+𝟑𝒊 𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟗
(ii). =− − 𝒊
𝟒−𝒊 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
Solution. Answer.
𝟐 + 𝟑𝒊 𝟐 + 𝟑𝒊 𝟒 + 𝒊 𝟏+𝒊 𝟐
= × (v). (𝟏−𝒊)
𝟒−𝒊 𝟒−𝒊 𝟒+𝒊
𝟐(𝟒 + 𝒊) + 𝟑𝒊(𝟒 + 𝒊) Solution.
=
𝟒𝟐 − 𝒊𝟐 𝟏+𝒊 𝟐 𝟏+𝒊 𝟏+𝒊 𝟐
𝟖 + 𝟐𝒊 + 𝟏𝟐𝒊 + 𝟑𝒊𝟐 ( ) =( × )
= 𝟏−𝒊 𝟏−𝒊 𝟏+𝒊
𝟏𝟔 + 𝟏 𝟏(𝟏 + 𝒊) + 𝒊(𝟏 + 𝒊) 𝟐
𝟖 + 𝟏𝟒𝒊 − 𝟑 =( )
= 𝟏𝟐 − 𝒊𝟐
𝟏𝟕 𝟐
𝟒 + 𝟏𝟒𝒊 𝟏 + 𝒊 + 𝒊 + 𝒊𝟐
= =( )
𝟏𝟕 𝟏+𝟏
𝟒 𝟏𝟒 𝟏 + 𝟐𝒊 − 𝟏 𝟐
= + 𝒊 =( )
𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟕 𝟐
Answer.
𝟗−𝟕𝒊
𝟐𝒊 𝟐
(iii). =( )
𝟑+𝒊 𝟐
Solution. = 𝒊𝟐
𝟗 − 𝟕𝒊 𝟗 − 𝟕𝒊 𝟑 − 𝒊 = −𝟏
= ×
𝟑+𝒊 𝟑+𝒊 𝟑−𝒊 Answer.
𝟗(𝟑 − 𝒊) − 𝟕𝒊(𝟑 − 𝒊) 𝟏
(vi). (𝟐+𝟑𝒊)(𝟏−𝒊)
=
𝟑𝟐 − 𝒊𝟐
𝟐𝟕 − 𝟗𝒊 − 𝟐𝟏𝒊 + 𝟕𝒊𝟐 Solution.
= 𝟏 𝟏
𝟗+𝟏 =
𝟐𝟕 − 𝟑𝟎𝒊 − 𝟕 (𝟐 + 𝟑𝒊)(𝟏 − 𝒊) 𝟐(𝟏 − 𝒊) + 𝟑𝒊(𝟏 − 𝒊)
= 𝟏
𝟏𝟎 =
𝟐𝟎 − 𝟑𝟎𝒊 𝟐 − 𝟐𝒊 + 𝟑𝒊 − 𝟑𝒊𝟐
= 𝟏
𝟏𝟎 =
𝟐𝟎 𝟑𝟎 𝟐+𝒊+𝟑
= − 𝒊 𝟏
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 =
= 𝟐 − 𝟑𝒊 𝟓+𝒊
Answer.

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Class 9th (Science) PTB Unit 2 Written by Amir Shehzad
𝟏 𝟓−𝒊 𝟖 − 𝟏𝟔𝒊 − 𝟔𝒊 + 𝟏𝟐𝒊𝟐
= × 𝒁=
𝟓+𝒊 𝟓−𝒊 𝟐𝟐 − (𝟒𝒊)𝟐
𝟓−𝒊 𝟖 − 𝟐𝟐𝒊 − 𝟏𝟐
= 𝟐 𝒁=
𝟓 − (𝒊)𝟐 𝟒 − 𝟏𝟔𝒊𝟐
𝟓−𝒊 −𝟒 − 𝟐𝟐𝒊
= 𝒁=
𝟐𝟓 + 𝟏 𝟒 + 𝟏𝟔
𝟓−𝒊 −𝟒 − 𝟐𝟐𝒊
= 𝒁=
𝟐𝟔 𝟐𝟎
𝟓 𝒊 𝟒 𝟐𝟐
= − 𝒁=− − 𝒊
𝟐𝟔 𝟐𝟔 𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎
Answer. 𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝒁=− − 𝒊
Question.5. 𝟓 𝟏𝟎
Calculate (a) 𝒁 ̅ (𝒃)𝒁 + 𝒁
̅ (𝒄) 𝒁 − ̅ = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
(a). 𝒁
𝟏 𝟏𝟏
− − 𝒊=− + 𝒊
𝟏 𝟏𝟏
̅ ̅ 𝟓 𝟏𝟎 𝟓 𝟏𝟎
𝒁 (𝒅) 𝒁𝒁 for each of the following 𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏 𝟏𝟏
̅ =− − 𝒊+− + 𝒊
(b). 𝒁 + 𝒁
(i). 𝒁 = −𝒊 𝟓 𝟏𝟎 𝟓 𝟏𝟎
Solution. 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏 − 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
𝒁+𝒁 ̅=− − = =− =−
(a). 𝒁̅ = −𝒊
̅̅̅̅ = 𝒊 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
(b). 𝒁 + 𝒁̅ = −𝒊 + 𝒊 = 𝟎 𝟐
𝒁+𝒁 ̅=−
̅ = (−𝒊) − (𝒊) = −𝒊 − 𝒊 = −𝟐𝒊
(c). 𝒁 − 𝒁 𝟓
̅
(d). 𝒁𝒁 = (−𝒊)(𝒊) = −𝒊𝟐 = 𝟏 ̅ = (− − 𝒊) − (− 𝟏 + 𝟏𝟏 𝒊)
(c). 𝒁 − 𝒁
𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝟓 𝟏𝟎 𝟓 𝟏𝟎
(ii). 𝒁 = 𝟐 + 𝒊 𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝒁−𝒁 ̅=− − 𝒊+ − 𝒊
Solution. 𝟓 𝟏𝟎 𝟓 𝟏𝟎
(a). 𝒁̅ = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝟐+𝒊=𝟐−𝒊 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝒁−𝒁 ̅=− 𝒊− 𝒊
(b). 𝒁 + 𝒁̅ =𝟐+𝒊+𝟐−𝒊= 𝟒 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
̅ = (𝟐 + 𝒊) − (𝟐 − 𝒊) = 𝟐 + 𝒊 − 𝟐 + −𝟏𝟏 − 𝟏𝟏
(c). 𝒁 − 𝒁 𝒁−𝒁 ̅= 𝒊
𝒊 = 𝟐𝒊 𝟏𝟎
𝟐𝟐
(d). 𝒁𝒁̅ = (𝟐 + 𝒊)(𝟐 − 𝒊) = 𝟐𝟐 − 𝒊𝟐 = 𝟒 + 𝟏 = 𝒁−𝒁 ̅=− 𝒊
𝟏𝟎
𝟓 𝟏𝟏
𝟏+𝒊 𝒁−𝒁 ̅=− 𝒊
(iii). 𝒁 = 𝟏−𝒊 𝟓
Solution.
𝟏+𝒊 ̅ = (− 𝟏 − 𝟏𝟏 𝒊) (− 𝟏 + 𝟏𝟏 𝒊)
(d). 𝒁𝒁
𝒁= 𝟓 𝟏𝟎 𝟓 𝟏𝟎
𝟏−𝒊 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏𝟏 𝟐
𝟏+𝒊 𝟏+𝒊 ̅ = (− ) − ( 𝒊)
𝒁𝒁
𝒁= × 𝟓 𝟏𝟎
𝟏−𝒊 𝟏+𝒊 𝟏 𝟏𝟐𝟏 𝟐
𝟏 + 𝒊 + 𝒊 + 𝒊𝟐 ̅=
𝒁𝒁 − 𝒊
𝒁= 𝟐𝟓 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏+𝟏 𝟏 𝟏𝟐𝟏
𝟏 + 𝟐𝒊 − 𝟏 ̅=
𝒁𝒁 +
𝒁= 𝟐𝟓 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟐 𝟒 + 𝟏𝟐𝟏
𝟐𝒊 𝒁𝒁̅=
𝒁= 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟐 𝟏𝟐𝟓
𝒁=𝒊 ̅=
𝒁𝒁
̅ = 𝜾̅ = −𝒊 𝟏𝟎𝟎
(a). 𝒁 𝟓
̅ =𝒊−𝒊=𝟎
(b). 𝒁 + 𝒁 𝒁𝒁̅=
𝟒
̅
(c). 𝒁 − 𝒁 = (𝒊) − (−𝒊) = 𝒊 + 𝒊 = 𝟐𝒊 Answer.
(d). 𝒁𝒁̅ = (𝒊)(−𝒊) = −𝒊𝟐 = 𝟏 Question.6. If 𝒛 = 𝟐 + 𝟑𝒊 , 𝒘 = 𝟓 −
𝟒−𝟑𝒊
(iv). 𝒁 = 𝟐+𝟒𝒊 𝟒𝒊 , 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕
Solution. (i). ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝒛 + 𝒘 = 𝒛̅ + 𝒘 ̅
𝟒 − 𝟑𝒊 Solution.
𝒁= 𝑳. 𝑯. 𝑺 = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝒛+𝒘
𝟐 + 𝟒𝒊
𝟒 − 𝟑𝒊 𝟐 − 𝟒𝒊 𝑳. 𝑯. 𝑺 = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝟐 + 𝟑𝒊 + 𝟓 − 𝟒𝒊
𝒁= × 𝑳. 𝑯. 𝑺 = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝟖−𝒊
𝟐 + 𝟒𝒊 𝟐 − 𝟒𝒊
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Class 9th (Science) PTB Unit 2 Written by Amir Shehzad
𝑳. 𝑯. 𝑺 = 𝟖 + 𝒊 − − − (𝟏) ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝟏𝟎 + 𝟖𝒊 + 𝟏𝟓𝒊 + 𝟏𝟐𝒊𝟐
𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺 = 𝒛̅ + 𝒘 ̅ 𝑳. 𝑯. 𝑺 = ( )
𝟓𝟐 − (𝟒𝒊)𝟐
𝟐 + 𝟑𝒊 + ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺 = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ 𝟓 − 𝟒𝒊 ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝟏𝟎 + 𝟐𝟑𝒊 − 𝟏𝟐
𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺 = 𝟐 − 𝟑𝒊 + 𝟓 + 𝟒𝒊 𝑳. 𝑯. 𝑺 = ( )
𝟐𝟓 − 𝟏𝟔𝒊𝟐
𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺 = 𝟖 + 𝒊 − − − (𝟐) ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
−𝟐 + 𝟐𝟑𝒊
From (1) and (2) , we have 𝑳. 𝑯. 𝑺 = ( )
𝟐𝟓 + 𝟏𝟔
𝑳. 𝑯. 𝑺 = 𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺 ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
−𝟐 + 𝟐𝟑𝒊
Hence Proved. 𝑳. 𝑯. 𝑺 = ( )
𝟒𝟏
(ii). ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝒛 − 𝒘 = 𝒛̅ − 𝒘 ̅ ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝟐 𝟐𝟑
Solution. 𝑳. 𝑯. 𝑺 = (− + 𝒊)
𝟒𝟏 𝟒𝟏
𝑳. 𝑯. 𝑺 = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝒛−𝒘 𝟐 𝟐𝟑
𝑳. 𝑯. 𝑺 = (𝟐 ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
+ 𝟑𝒊) − (𝟓 − 𝟒𝒊) 𝑳. 𝑯. 𝑺 = − − 𝒊 − − − (𝟏)
𝟒𝟏 𝟒𝟏
𝑳. 𝑯. 𝑺 = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝟐 + 𝟑𝒊 − 𝟓 + 𝟒𝒊 𝒛̅
𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺 =
𝑳. 𝑯. 𝑺 = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
−𝟑 + 𝟕𝒊 𝒘̅
𝑳. 𝑯. 𝑺 = −𝟑 − 𝟕𝒊 − − − (𝟏) ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
(𝟐 + 𝟑𝒊)
𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺 =
𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺 = 𝒛̅ − 𝒘 ̅ ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝟓 − 𝟒𝒊
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺 = (𝟐 + 𝟑𝒊) − (𝟓 ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
− 𝟒𝒊) 𝟐 − 𝟑𝒊
𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺 =
𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺 = (𝟐 − 𝟑𝒊) − (𝟓 + 𝟒𝒊) 𝟓 + 𝟒𝒊
𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺 = 𝟐 − 𝟑𝒊 − 𝟓 − 𝟒𝒊 𝟐 − 𝟑𝒊 𝟓 − 𝟒𝒊
𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺 = ×
𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺 = −𝟑 − 𝟕𝒊 − − − (𝟐) 𝟓 + 𝟒𝒊 𝟓 − 𝟒𝒊
From (1) and (2) , we have 𝟏𝟎 − 𝟖𝒊 − 𝟏𝟓𝒊 + 𝟏𝟐𝒊𝟐
𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺 =
𝑳. 𝑯. 𝑺 = 𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺 𝟓𝟐 − (𝟒𝒊)𝟐
Hence Proved. 𝟏𝟎 − 𝟐𝟑𝒊 − 𝟏𝟐
𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺 =
(iii). 𝒛𝒘
̅̅̅̅ = 𝒛̅ 𝒘 ̅ 𝟐𝟓 − 𝟏𝟔𝒊𝟐
−𝟐 − 𝟐𝟑𝒊
Solution. 𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺 =
𝑳. 𝑯. 𝑺 = 𝒛𝒘 ̅̅̅̅ 𝟐𝟓 + 𝟏𝟔
−𝟐 − 𝟐𝟑𝒊
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝑳. 𝑯. 𝑺 = (𝟐 + 𝟑𝒊)(𝟓 − 𝟒𝒊) 𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺 =
𝟒𝟏
𝑳. 𝑯. 𝑺 = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝟏𝟎 − 𝟖𝒊 + 𝟏𝟓𝒊 − 𝟏𝟐𝒊𝟐 𝟐 𝟐𝟑
𝑳. 𝑯. 𝑺 = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝟏𝟎 + 𝟕𝒊 + 𝟏𝟐 𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺 = − − 𝒊 − − − (𝟐)
𝟒𝟏 𝟒𝟏
𝑳. 𝑯. 𝑺 = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝟐𝟐 + 𝟕𝒊 From (1) and (2) , we have
𝑳. 𝑯. 𝑺 = 𝟐𝟐 − 𝟕𝒊 − − − (𝟏) 𝑳. 𝑯. 𝑺 = 𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺
𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺 = 𝒛̅𝒘 ̅ Hence Proved.
𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺 = (𝟐 ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
+ 𝟑𝒊)(𝟓 ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
− 𝟒𝒊) 𝟏
(v). (𝒛 + 𝒛̅) 𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒍 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒛.
𝟐
𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺 = (𝟐 − 𝟑𝒊)(𝟓 + 𝟒𝒊)
Solution.
𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺 = 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟖𝒊 − 𝟏𝟓𝒊 − 𝟏𝟐𝒊𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺 = 𝟏𝟎 − 𝟕𝒊 + 𝟏𝟐 (𝒛 + 𝒛̅) = (𝟐 + 𝟑𝒊 + ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝟐 + 𝟑𝒊)
𝟐 𝟐
𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺 = 𝟐𝟐 − 𝟕𝒊 − − − (𝟐) 𝟏
From (1) and (2) , we have = (𝟐 + 𝟑𝒊 + 𝟐 − 𝟑𝒊)
𝟐
𝑳. 𝑯. 𝑺 = 𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺 𝟏
= (𝟒)
Hence Proved. 𝟐
̅̅̅̅̅
𝒛 𝒛̅ = 𝟐 𝒘𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒉 𝒊𝒔 𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒍 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒛.
(iv). (𝒘) = 𝒘̅
Hence Proved.
Solution. 𝟏
̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝒛 (vi). (𝒛 − 𝒛̅) 𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒓𝒚 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒛.
𝟐𝒊
𝑳. 𝑯. 𝑺 = ( ) Solution.
𝒘
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝟐 + 𝟑𝒊 𝟏 𝟏
𝑳. 𝑯. 𝑺 = ( ) (𝒛 − 𝒛̅) = ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
((𝟐 + 𝟑𝒊) + (𝟐 + 𝟑𝒊))
𝟓 − 𝟒𝒊 𝟐𝒊 𝟐𝒊
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
𝟐 + 𝟑𝒊 𝟓 + 𝟒𝒊 𝟏
𝑳. 𝑯. 𝑺 = ( × ) = ((𝟐 + 𝟑𝒊) − (𝟐 − 𝟑𝒊))
𝟓 − 𝟒𝒊 𝟓 + 𝟒𝒊 𝟐𝒊
𝟏
= (𝟐 + 𝟑𝒊 − 𝟐 + 𝟑𝒊)
𝟐𝒊

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Class 9th (Science) PTB Unit 2 Written by Amir Shehzad
𝟏 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = −𝟏 − − − (𝒊) , −𝟐𝒙 + 𝟕𝒚
= (𝟔𝒊)
𝟐𝒊 = 𝟐 − − − (𝒊𝒊)
= 𝟑 𝒘𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒉 𝒊𝒔 𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒓𝒚 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒛. 𝟐 × (𝒊) + (𝒊𝒊), 𝒘𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆
Hence Proved. 𝟐(𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚) + (−𝟐𝒙 + 𝟕𝒚) = 𝟐(−𝟏) + 𝟐
Question.7. Solve the following equations for 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟕𝒚 = −𝟐 + 𝟐
real 𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚. 𝟏𝟏𝒚 = 𝟎
(i). (𝟐 − 𝟑𝒊)(𝒙 + 𝒊𝒚) = 𝟒 + 𝒊 𝒚=𝟎
Solution. Given that Using value of 𝒚 𝒊𝒏 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 (𝒊), 𝒘𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆
(𝟐 − 𝟑𝒊)(𝒙 + 𝒊𝒚) = 𝟒 + 𝒊 𝒙 + 𝟐(𝟎) = −𝟏
𝟐(𝒙 + 𝒊𝒚) − 𝟑𝒊(𝒙 + 𝒊𝒚) = 𝟒 + 𝒊 𝒙 = −𝟏
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐𝒊𝒚 − 𝟑𝒊𝒙 − 𝟑𝒊𝟐 𝒚 = 𝟒 + 𝒊 Hence required 𝒙 = −𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚 = 𝟎.
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐𝒊𝒚 − 𝟑𝒊𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟒 + 𝒊 (iii). (𝟑 + 𝟒𝒊)𝟐 − 𝟐(𝒙 − 𝒊𝒚) = 𝒙 + 𝒚𝒊
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 + (𝟐𝒚 − 𝟑𝒙)𝒊 = 𝟒 + 𝒊 Solution. Given that
Comparing real and imaginary parts, we have (𝟑 + 𝟒𝒊)𝟐 − 𝟐(𝒙 − 𝒊𝒚) = 𝒙 + 𝒚𝒊
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟒 − − − (𝒊) , 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟑𝒙 (𝟑)𝟐 + (𝟒𝒊)𝟐 + 𝟐(𝟑)(𝟒𝒊) − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐𝒊𝒚 = 𝒙 + 𝒚𝒊
= 𝟏 − − − (𝒊𝒊) 𝟗 + 𝟏𝟔𝒊𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝒊 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐𝒊𝒚 = 𝒙 + 𝒚𝒊
𝟑 × (𝒊) + 𝟐 × (𝒊𝒊), 𝒘𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 𝟗 − 𝟏𝟔 + 𝟏𝟐𝒊 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐𝒊𝒚 = 𝒙 + 𝒚𝒊
𝟑(𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚) + 𝟐(𝟐𝒚 − 𝟑𝒙) = 𝟑(𝟒) + 𝟐(𝟏) −𝟕 − 𝟐𝒙 + (𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐𝒚)𝒊 = 𝒙 + 𝒚𝒊
𝟔𝒙 + 𝟗𝒚 + 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟔𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐 Comparing real and imaginary parts, we have
𝟏𝟑𝒚 = 𝟏𝟒 −𝟕 − 𝟐𝒙 = 𝒙 , 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝒚
𝟏𝟒
𝒚= 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒙 = −𝟕 = , 𝟐𝒚 − 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟐
𝟏𝟑 𝟑𝒙 = −𝟕 , 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟐
Using value of 𝒚 𝒊𝒏 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 (𝒊), 𝒘𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 𝟕
𝟏𝟒 𝒙 = − , 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟐
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑 ( ) = 𝟒 𝟑
𝟏𝟑 𝟕
𝟒𝟐 Hence required 𝒙 = − 𝟑 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟐.
𝟐𝒙 + =𝟒
𝟏𝟑
𝟒𝟐
𝟐𝒙 = 𝟒 −
𝟏𝟑
𝟒 × 𝟏𝟑 − 𝟒𝟐
𝟐𝒙 =
𝟏𝟑 Available at MathCit.org
𝟓𝟐 − 𝟒𝟐
𝟐𝒙 =
𝟏𝟑
𝟏𝟎
𝟐𝒙 =
𝟏𝟑
𝟏𝟎
𝒙=
𝟏𝟑 × 𝟐
𝟓
𝒙=
𝟏𝟑
𝟓 𝟏𝟒
Hence required 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟑 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟑.
(ii). (𝟑 − 𝟐𝒊)(𝒙 + 𝒊𝒚) = 𝟐(𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚𝒊) + 𝟐𝒊 − 𝟏
Solution. Given that
(𝟑 − 𝟐𝒊)(𝒙 + 𝒊𝒚) = 𝟐(𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚𝒊) + 𝟐𝒊 − 𝟏
𝟑(𝒙 + 𝒊𝒚) − 𝟐𝒊(𝒙 + 𝒊𝒚) = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒𝒚𝒊 + 𝟐𝒊 − 𝟏
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟑𝒊𝒚 − 𝟐𝒊𝒙 − 𝟐𝒊𝟐 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏 + 𝟐𝒊 − 𝟒𝒚𝒊
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟑𝒊𝒚 − 𝟐𝒊𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏 + (𝟐 − 𝟒𝒚)𝒊
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + (𝟑𝒚 − 𝟐𝒙)𝒊 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏 + (𝟐 − 𝟒𝒚)𝒊
Comparing real and imaginary parts, we have
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏 , (𝟑𝒚 − 𝟐𝒙) = 𝟐 − 𝟒𝒚
𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = −𝟏 , −𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟐

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