Exploitation des systèmes de Biogaz

Dr. Ing. Mohamed TAHIRI

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 PARTIE 4 ‘’ Biogaz à partir des
boues des STEP des eaux usées
municipales et rurales’’
Dr. Ing. Mohamed TAHIRI

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 Speaker : Professor Mohamed TAHIRI
Country : Morocco

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 Sewage can be treated close to where it is created, a decentralized system (in septic tanks, biofilters
 or aerobic treatment systems), or be collected and transported by a network of pipes and pump
stations to a municipal treatment plant, a centralised system (see sewerage and 
pipes and infrastructure). Sewage collection and treatment is typically subject to local, state and
federal regulations and standards. Industrial sources of sewage often require specialized treatment
processes (see Industrial wastewater treatment).

Purified Decanted Crude

Water Water Water

Clean water
Sewage

Pollution is removed , water is cleaned. Sluges

can be reused , ….
Waste Water treatment plant
COMPOSITION OF TYPICAL SEWAGE

Decanted Post 2dary Epuration

Mg/L  Water treatment
normes yield
performance

Particules 350 5 50 98% 99%

BOD 300 15 100 95% 97%

COD 600 60 500 90% 95%

Coliforms 5,00E+05 2,00E+03 1000 2,4 U Log 4 U Log

Other Parameters from Activated Slugges

1ary 2ary Tertiairy

Parameters Income
treatment treatment Treatment
Particles : SM
584 200 30 5
(mg/l)
BOD (mg/l) 640 430 30 10

TNK (mg/l) 120 120 5 5

TP (mg/l) 22 22 20 10

Fecal germs 107 U/l 107 U/l 106 U/l 2.103 U/l
Treatment process – Biogas Origin

Water treatment Line Sluge recirculation

100%
Physical 1 Activated 2ary Filtration Disinfection
Decanter Slugges decanter
screening Decanters gravity aeration basins full 4 Décanteurs Filtration Canal UV +
grit Flyer mix circulaires Chloration
oiling

Biogas 20000 Nm3/j

Sludge treatment line
First Anaérobic Drying 180 m3/d : S=26%
900 m3/j
Phase Digestion

Seconde Thickening
1200 m3/j Biological sludge
Phase
Sluges in WWT Plants :
 What is anaerobic digestion ?

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is the

process by which organic materials
in an enclosed vessel are broken
down by micro-organisms, in the
absence of oxygen Anaerobic
digestion produces biogas
(consisting primarily of methane
and carbon dioxide). AD systems
are also often referred to as "biogas
systems."
Anaerobic degradability
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION: MICROBIOLOGY
 
Anaerobic digestion is characterized by the
occurrence of numerous series-parallel reactions
associated to the metabolisms of a wide range
of microorganisms. Microorganisms transform
complex organic matter into simpler substrates that
may be then fermented by methanogenic
bacteria. Figure 1 summarizes the steps
occurring during the anaerobic digestion process,
including:
- Hydrolysis-acidogenesis.
- Homoacetogenesis-acetogenesis.
- Methanogenesis.
 Metabolic steps involved in anaerobic digestion

PROTEINS CARBOHYDRATES LIPIDS

Hydrolysis
Hydrolitic
Bacteria

AMINOACIDS SUGARS FATTY ACIDS

Acidogenic acidogenis
Bacteria Td =30mn

INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTS
Td = 1-4 (Propionic, Butyric, ….)
Acetogenic days acetogenis
Bacteria Homoacetogenic Bacteria

ACETIC H2, CO2

72% 28%
Methanogenic methanogenis
Bacteria Td = 6h
Td = 2-3
days CH4, CO2
 Why must we capt Biogaz ?

• The Biogaz is generated when bacterias make dégradation of organic

matter whithout oxygene. This process is known as anaerobic digestion;
it means in general production of at least 2/3 of Methane (CH4) , the rest
will be Carbone Dioxyde de (CO2).

• 1 tonne de méthane emets in atmosphere 21 tons equivalent in CO 2

(Global Potentiel warming values)

• BIOGAZ one the the most POLLUANT GAZ

Composition of Biogas Sluges of WWTP
Biogas production
CH4 : 60 %
Biogas CO2 : 35 %
Décantation H2S, N2 & O2 : 5 %
PCI = 4000 à 5500 Kcal/Nm3

Biogas storage Désulfurisation Unit

Gasometers Capacité : 460 Nm3/h

Thickening mésophilic Digestion

&
Flotation

Moteur à Gaz
834 Kwe
4 Unités
Cogeneration process Chaleur utile
Qth

Gaz
d’exhaure

PCI W
Combustion
Engine ~
E meca
E elec

Mechanical performance : 30 % à 42 %

W + Qth thermal efficiency : 40 % à 50 %

Rendement =
PCI Overall Yield : 80 % à 90 %
heat loss : 10 % à 20 %
 Cogeneration in the WWTP

Sluges
heating

Biogas

E elec
 Cogénération Process

Biogas engines

Brute Power : 2100 KW

Useful heat output ...... 910 KW
Mechanical Power ............ 861 KW
Loss ................................ 329 KW

Electric Power ............ 834 KW

 Usefullness of Cogeneration

Biogas production (Nm3 /d) 20’000

E elec generated(KWh /j) 30’000

Needs of WWTP 65’000

Barrels of oil prevented at source / day 24

+
Thermal energy generated (kWh /
day) 44’000
Economy

Need Thermal Digestion (kWh / day) 40’000 ~ 35-40 $/Baril

Barrels of oil prevented at source /
day 32

GHG emissions avoided (t.eq.CO2 / year 60’000

Préservation des ressources d’énergie

Cogénération au Biogaz
Protection de l’environnement
 Biogas from WWTP

Impacts VSCogénération
WWTP :
Waste Water treatment and Sluges treatment
Pollution abatement
resource conservation : Water , soil, …
Environment protection

Cogénération :
Biogas energy recovery
  Increase energy efficiency
  Resource conservation ----- Fuels
Environmental Protection
How To master the
Management of WWTP ?

 Technology transfer
Local skills
technological awakening

Digestion mésophile Stockage de Biogaz Désulfurisation Moteur à Gaz

Thank You !