PERFORMANCE OF COMBINATION OF ICE GEL, DRY ICE AND CO 2 GAS AS

FISH COOLING MEDIA

RIZKY FAJAR ADYS HERMAWAN

NRP. 04211841000016

SUPERVISORS:
Ir. ALAM BAHERAMSYAH, M.Sc.

DEPARTMENT OF MARINE ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF MARINE TECHNOLOGY
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
SURABAYA
2021
UNJUK KERJA KOMBINASI ICE GEL, ES KERING DAN GAS CO 2 SEBAGAI
MEDIA PENDINGIN IKAN

RIZKY FAJAR ADYS HERMAWAN

NRP. 04211841000016

PROPOSED PROSPECTIVE SUPERVISORS :

Ir. ALAM BAHERAMSYAH, M.Sc.

DEPARTMENT OF MARINE ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF MARINE TECHNOLOGY
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
SURABAYA
2021
This page is intentionally left blank
“We hereby declare that we have read this thesis and in our opinion this thesis is
sufficient in terms of scope and quality for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Engineering.”

Signature :
Supervisor I : Ir. ALAM BEHARMSYAH, M.Sc.
NIP. : 196801291992031001
Date : January, 24th 2022

Acknowledged by Hochschule Wismar Germany:

Signature :
Representative : Dr.-ING. WOLFGANG BUSSE
Date : February, 4th 2022

Approved by Head of Marine Engineering Department:

Signature :
Head of Department : BENNY CAHYONO, S.T., M.T., Ph.D.
NIP. : 197903192008011008
Date : February, 4th 2022
PERFORMANCE OF COMBINATION OF ICE GEL, DRY ICE
AND CO2 GAS AS FISH COOLING MEDIA

RIZKY FAJAR ADYS HERMAWAN

A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the

requirements for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Engineering
(Fluid Machinery Laboratory)

Faculty of Marine Technology

Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
January 9th, 2022
Halaman ini sengaja dikosongkan

ii
“I declare that this thesis entitled Performance Of Combination Of Ice Gel, Dry Ice And CO2
Gas As Fish Cooling is the result of my own research except as cited in the references. dalah
hasil penelitian saya sendiri kecuali kutipan yang tercantum dalam Daftar Pustaka. This
thesis has not been accepted for any degree and is not concurrently submitted in candidature
of any other degree.”

Signature :
Name : RIZKY FAJAR ADYS HERMAWAN
Student Number : 04211841000016
Date : January 9th, 2022

iii
Halaman ini sengaja dikosongkan

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 ACKNOWLEDMENT

The author would like to thank God, God Almighty, for His grace and power so that
this final project entitled "PERFORMANCE OF COMBINATION OF ICE GEL, DRY ICE
AND CO2 GAS AS FISH COOLING MEDIA" can be completed properly. This final
project can be completed properly by the author also for the help and support from various
parties. Therefore, the author would like to thank profusely to :
1. Allah SWT who has given grace, convenience, safety, and health so that the author
can complete this thesis.
2. Both parents, the author's younger brother, and the writer's extended family who
have provided encouragement, material and moral support, and prayers for the
completion of this final project.
3. Mr. Beny Cahyono, S.T., M.T., Ph.D as the Head of the Department of Marine
Engineering FTK – ITS.
4. Mr. Sutopo Purwono Fitri, S.T., M.Eng., Ph.D. as the final project supervisor who
always provides direction, advice and consideration for the author in doing this final
project.
5. All members of Himasiskal FTK – ITS, who always struggle together to study at
DTSP.
6. Friends of the MMS Laboratory, who always provide support for the author in
completing this thesis, and all those who have helped that the author cannot mention
one by one, the slightest thing is still meaningful to the author.
The author realizes that there are still many shortcomings in writing this final
project. Therefore, the writer really needs suggestions to be able to perfect this final project
properly and can be useful for the readers. Finally, may God Almighty bestow His bounty
on us all, and this report can be useful.

Surabaya, January 9th, 2022

Author

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vi
 ABSTRACT

Indonesia is the largest fish-producing country in Southeast Asia. The fisheries

sector is one of the largest export commodities. This is because as a maritime country that
has a very wide sea area, Indonesia has natural resources in the form of very abundant fish
products. The fish trade requires delivery under certain conditions required by the fish. This
is because, fish have certain storage air characteristics with the aim of extending the shelf
life of fish. In addition, the fish trade in large quantities requires ships as a mode of
transportation. Because ships are the most effective mode of transportation for large
quantities of shipments. For this reason, a fish product storage device is needed that can
condition the air according to the air requirements for storing fish. In this MASe the fish
storage equipment is adjusted to the specifications of the Pelra ship as a transport ship in
Indonesia. Fish storage devices with these characteristics are known as Modified
Atmosphere Storage, namely storage that can condition the temperature in the fish storage
room so that the shelf life of fish can be much longer than the shelf life of fish in storage
rooms that have normal temperatures. However, in reality cooling technology is a
technology that requires no small amount of money because cooling technology requires
expensive materials and components. Therefore, the ultimate goal of this final project is to
determine the comparative performance of the cooling medium of ice gel, dry ice and CO2
gas. Which aims to obtain the most economical and most effective air conditioning
technology. Based on the experimental results on three types of cooling media, namely a
combination of ice gel, dry ice and CO2 gas, it can reduce the temperature from 32°C - 0°C
in 1 hour 20 minutes. Then the temperature can be maintained in the range of 0°C - 5°C
according to the needs of the fish for 19 hours 30 minutes. Meanwhile, ice gel and dry ice
have their drawbacks, due to their limited cold resistance.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

VALIDITY SHEET ......................................................................................................... viii

ACKNOWLEDMENT.…………………………………………………….……………...v
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………….…………..vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………….………….viii
LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................. v
LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... vii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................ ix
LIST OF SYMBOLS ......................................................................................................... xi
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 1
1.1 Research Background ........................................................................ 1
1.2 Problem Statement ............................................................................. 1
1.3 Research Objectives........................................................................... 1
1.4 Scope of Research.............................................................................. 2
1.5 Research Benefit ................................................................................ 2
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................. 3
2.1 Introduction........................................................................................ 3
2.2 Related Studies .................................................................................. 3
2.3 Basic Theory ...................................................................................... 4
2.3.1 Fish Storage Characteristic……………………………………4
2.3.2 Modified Atmosphere Storage Technology………………......4
2.3.3 Colling Load Calculation ........................................................ 5
2.3.4 Ice Gel Cooling Media ............................................................ 7
2.3.5 Dry Ice Cooling Media ............................................................ 8
2.3.6 CO2 Gas Cooling Media .......................................................... 8
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .................................................................. 9
3.1 Introduction........................................................................................ 9
3.2 Research Flowchart ........................................................................... 9
3.3 Problem Formulation ....................................................................... 10
3.4 Literature Studies ............................................................................. 10
3.5 Data Collection ................................................................................ 10
3.6 MAS Design .................................................................................... 10
3.7 Component Selection and Assembling ............................................ 10
3.8 Testing and Data Collection ............................................................ 10
3.9 Validation ........................................................................................ 10
3.10 Data Analysis ................................................................................... 11
3.11 Conclusion ....................................................................................... 11
CHAPTER 4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION ................................................................... 12
4.1 Preliminary…………………………………………………………12

viii
 4.2 MAS Prototype Design Schematic………………………………..12
4.3 Control System Block Diagram Schemtic………………………..13
4.4 Determining the Set Point Temperature………………………….13
4.5 Mixed Air Calculation……………………………………………13
4.6 Fish Storage Box Load Calculation………………………………14
4.7 Calculation of Cooling Needs…………………………………….15
4.8 Determining Coolant Percentage…………………………………15
4.9 Graphic Analysis………………………………………………….16
4.10 Performance Comparison of the Four Trials……………………...22
4.11 Performance Result Comparison………………………………….22
4.12 Comparison Experiment With CO2 Gas and Without CO2 Gas…..22
3.13 Design a Fish Cooler Using Ice Gell, Dry Ice and CO2 Gass…….23
4.13 CO2 Need Calculation…………………………………………….25
CHAPTER 5 CONSLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS………………………………..27
5.1 Research Overview……………………………………………….27
5.2 Conclusions……………………………………………………….27
5.3 Suggestions……………………………………………………….27
REFERENCES………………………………………………………………………….29

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x
 LIST OF TABLES

Table 4.1. Characteristic Fish Storage ........................................................................... 13

Table 4.2. Table Box Temperature................................................................................. 13
Table 4.3. Matrix Coolant Percentage ............................................................................ 15
Table 4.4. Performance Comparasion ............................................................................ 22

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xii
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1 Ice Gell ............................................................................................................ 7

Figure 2.2 Dry Ice ............................................................................................................ 8
Figure 2.3 CO2 Tube ........................................................................................................ 8
Figure 3.1 Research Flowchart......................................................................................... 9
Figure 4.1 MAS Prototype Schematic............................................................................ 12
Figure 4.2 Control System Block Diagram Schematic .................................................. 13
Figure 4.3 Temperature Graph with Comparison of 50:25:25 ....................................... 16
Figure 4.4 Graph of CO2 Levels with a Comparison of 50:25:25 .................................. 17
Figure 4.5 Temperature Graph with Comparison of 60:20:20 ....................................... 17
Figure 4.6 Graph of CO2 Levels with a Comparison of 60:20:20 .................................. 18
Figure 4.7 Temperature Graph with Comparison of 70:15:15 ....................................... 19
Figure 4.8 Graph of CO2 Levels with a Comparison of 70:15:15 .................................. 20
Figure 4.9 Temperature Graph with Comparison of 80:10:10 ....................................... 20
Figure 4.10 Graph of CO2 Levels with a Comparison of 80:10:10 ................................ 21
Figure 4.11 Comparison Chart Of The Four Experimen ............................................... 22
Figure 4.12 Comparison with CO2 and Without CO2 .................................................... 23
Figure 4.13 Design A Fish Cooler Using Ice Gel, Dry Ice dan CO2 Gas ...................... 23
Figure 4.14 Design A Fish Cooler Using Ice Gel, Dry Ice dan CO2 Gas ...................... 23
Figure 4.15 Design A Fish Cooler Using Ice Gel, Dry Ice dan CO2 Gas ...................... 24

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xiv
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

MAS : Modified Atmosphere Storage

MAS : Modified Atmosphere Storage
O2 : Oxygen
CO2 : Carbon Dioxide
N2 : Nitrogen

xv
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xvi
 LIST OF SYMBOLS

m - Mass
g - Gravity acceleration
Vs - Ship speed
ρsw - Seawater density
η0 - Open water efficieny

xvii
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xviii
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Research Background

Export of marine commodities such as fish is an important export commodity for the
Indonesian economy. Reporting from kkp.go.id, Indonesia's marine commodity trade
balance in 2020 reached 5.05 billion USD. This figure has a huge impact on the economy of
the Indonesian people, especially the fishermen in Indonesia.
However, the trade in marine commodities still has several challenges, one of which
is the storage process which has an impact on fish quality. The quality of fish after being
caught will decrease every day. This is due to the process of spoilage in fish that continues
after the fish is caught from the sea so that the fish require fast shipping. Several factors can
accelerate the ripening process of fish, such as storage temperature. Therefore, to be able to
overcome this problem, a fish storage device is needed that can regulate the storage
temperature in an ideal state with the aim of slowing down the process of spoilage in fish so
that it can keep the quality of fish fresh even though it has been stored for a long time. long.
In general, modified atmosphere storage systems use a cooler in the form of a
refrigerator. However, because the use of a refrigerator requires a very large amount of
electricity, the cooling medium in this system is replaced with ice gel or dry ice and even
CO2 gas. The use of ice gel, dry ice and CO2 gas does not require electrical power and can
be reused so as to reduce operational costs.
Therefore, the ultimate goal of this final project is to determine the comparative
performance of the cooling medium of ice gel, dry ice and CO 2 gas. Which aims to obtain
the most economical and most effective air conditioning technology.
1.2 Problem Statement
Based on the above background, the problems can be solved from this thesis are:
1. How to design a cooler box that is suitable for the use of the three combinations of
cooling media, namely Ice Gel, Dry Ice and CO2 Gas.
2. How is the cooling performance of using the three media combinations.
1.3 Research Objectives
Based on the problems above, the objectives of this thesis are:
1. Design a fish cooler that uses a combination of Ice Gel, Dry Ice and CO2 . gas
cooling media.
2. Knowing the comparison performance of the three cooling media.

1
1.4 Scope of Research
The problem limitations of this thesis research are:
1. Not doing economic analysis.
2. Not analyzing the control system on the equipment made.
1.5 Research Benefit
The benefits of research obtained from this thesis are:
1. Can assist in designing low-cost modified atmosphere storage using cooling media
Ice Gel, Dry Ice and CO2 Gas.
2. Can help fisheries sector businesses so that product quality is better maintained.

2
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction
This chapter consists of related studies related to this research. This chapter also
explains the characteristics of fish storage, modified atmosphere storage technology,
calculation of cooling loads, and explains the characteristics of ice gel, dry ice, and CO2 gas
as cooling media.
2.2 Related Studies
1. (Sari, 2016) Design of Low-Cost Energy Modified Atmosphere System for Fruit
Container Using Dry Ice
In this study, the authors designed modified atmosphere storage (MAS) using dry ice
cooling media with the aim of making this system more economical and energy efficient.
The storage media used is a styrofoam box with a size of 70x49.5x40 cm for fruit storage,
51x37.5x35 for dry ice boxes, 38.5x30x33.5 cm for CO2 Removal boxes. The three
Styrofoam boxes are connected by ducting that connects the fruit storage box to the dry ice
box and the CO2 Removal box. For ethylene removal using KMnO4 and zeolite stone which
is placed under the fruit in the fruit storage box. While the nitrogen tube is connected to the
fruit storage box through a valve. Air conditioning is carried out using four sensors that
regulate the content of oxygen, ethylene, carbon dioxide and the temperature that has been
set according to the air requirements for storing bananas, namely a temperature of 11-15°C,
2-5% oxygen content, and carbon dioxide content. The monitor of the oxygen and carbon
dioxide sensor is located in the fruit storage box. If the temperature in the storage box is
above 15°C, the ducting of the dry ice box will open and channel cold air into the fruit
storage box. Meanwhile, if the air temperature in the fruit storage box reaches 11°C, the
ducting of the dry ice box will be closed automatically. The use of dry ice also aims to supply
CO2 gas into the fruit storage box. If the CO2 content is less than 2%, the dry ice ducting will
open and distribute CO2 to the fruit storage box and it will be closed. Meanwhile, if the CO 2
content in the fruit storage box reaches 5%, then the ducting between the storage box and
the CO2 Removal box will open and remove CO2 gas from the fruit storage box to the CO2
Removal box. Meanwhile, to reduce the oxygen content in the fruit storage box, is to inject
N2 gas from the nitrogen tube into the fruit storage box. If the CO2 content is below 2%, the
nitrogen valve will open. However, when the CO2 reaches 5% then the valve will be closed.
The result is that 9 kg of dry ice can cool 4 kg of bananas to a temperature of 17°C where
the temperature can last for 4.8 hours. Meanwhile, to return to normal temperature takes 48
hours. Ethylene content decreased from 4.9 ppm to 2.79 ppm. Nitrogen gas injection can
reduce oxygen levels in fruit storage boxes from 12% to 3%. The use of dry ice as a CO2
supply can maintain the CO2 gas content at the desired level of 66-67 ppm.

3
 2. (Saputra, 2017) Experimental Study of Using Propylene Glycol Ice Gel as Cooling
Media for Traditional Fishing Boats
In this study, the authors tried to determine the effect of ice gel as an alternative
cooling medium for ice in the coolbox on cooling capacity. Temperature observations were
carried out on ice gel combined with wet ice at a ratio of fish weight: ice: ice gel [kg], 4:4:0;
4:3:1; 4:2:2; 4:1:3; and 4:0:4. The temperature duration reached in the maximum range of
20°C for each combination in a row: 1400 minutes, 1530 minutes, 1510 minutes, 1790
minutes and 1840 minutes. The optimal ratio of the combination of wet ice and ice gel is
3:1, to obtain a lower temperature with a longer cooling time..
2.3 Basic Theory
In the Literature Review chapter, the basic concepts underlying and/or related to the
research problem of the Thesis study also need to be explained. The concepts described in
this section are used as guidelines for solving research problems and carrying out research
tasks set out in the research methodology. This section can be designed in the form of
qualitative descriptions, models or mathematical equations compiled from books or other
sources justified as mentioned above.
2.3.1 Fish Storage Characteristics
One of the problems that often arise in the fisheries sector is maintaining
quality. Fish quality can be maintained if the fish is handled carefully, clean ,
stored in a room with a cold temperature, and quickly. The most common fish
handling technique used to maintain fish freshness is the use of low
temperatures. In addition, at low temperature conditions the growth of spoilage
bacteria and biochemical processes that take place in the fish body which leads
to quality deterioration becomes slower (Gelman et al., 2001). Cooling is one
way of the preservation process that uses low temperatures to inhibit enzyme
and microbial activity. Refrigeration will extend the shelf life of fish. At a
temperature of 15-20°C, fish can be stored up to about two days, at a
temperature of 5°C it can last for 5-6 days, while at a temperature of 0°C it can
reach 9-14 days (Diyantoro, 2007). The most common and easy use of low
temperature is ice. Ice is a cooling medium that has several advantages, namely
it has a large cooling capacity, does not harm consumers, cools fish faster, is
relatively cheap, and is easy to use (Ilyas, 1983). The temperature that is usually
maintained during the fish storage process is between 0-5°C.

2.3.2 Modified Atmosphere Storage Technology

Modified atmosphere storage (MAS) is a storage technology in the atmosphere
(air) containing high CO2 and low O2 compositions with consistently
maintained conditions (Libyawati, Suwandi, & Agustian, 2017). The function
of certain air conditioners is to inhibit the decay process. Fish storage boxes
must also be made gas tight so that the conditioned air is not wasted. So
polyethylene terephthalate is used as a coating for fish storage boxes, in order

4
 to prevent gas leaks from fish storage boxes. Then to regulate CO2 levels in fish
storage boxes, CO2 gas injection is needed (Libyawati, Lesmana, Raynold,
Agustian, & Mahardhika, 2017). The source of CO2 gas is obtained through a
bottle containing a mixture of baking soda and nitric acid which is connected
through a pipe with an automatic valve. To remove excess CO 2, sodium
hydroxide is used as CO2 Removal. Meanwhile, to reduce oxygen levels, N2
gas injection is carried out through a tube that is connected through a pipe 7 to
the fish storage box. The use of ice gel, dry ice and CO2 is intended to regulate
the temperature in the fish storage box, stored in a separate Styrofoam box and
connected via ducting to the fish storage box. Cold air will come out of the ice
gel placed on the edge of the box until it reaches the desired temperature
(Saputra, 2017).

2.3.3 Cooling Load Calculation

Cooling load is the amount of heat transferred by an air conditioning system.

The cooling load consists of heat from the cooling chamber and additional heat
from the material or product to be cooled (Dykstra, et al., 2009).

2.3.3.1 Product Load

Product load is the heat generated from the product to maintain the
product temperature at a constant state. At this stage there is a cooling
stage. The cooling stage is the stage where the temperature decreases
from the initial product temperature to the cooling product temperature.
The sensible heat load lost is :
𝑄 = 𝑚 𝑥 𝐶𝑝 𝑥 Δ𝑇
(Moritz, 2007)
Information:
Q : Heat (Kcal)
m : Mass (Kg)
c : Specific heat (kcal/kgoK)
ΔT : Temperature difference (K)

2.3.3.2 Infiltration Load

This load is generated by the exchange of air from outside into the fish
storage box. The entry of air from outside causes the air condition in
the fish storage box to change. When the fish storage box is opened,
the air outside the box will enter. The outside air that has entered the
box is a load that must be cooled by the system. The calculation of the
infiltration load is as follows :
Qinfiiltrasi = V x p x (ho – hi)
(Moritz, 2007)

5
 Information:
Qinfiltration : Heat (Kcal)
V : Storage volume (m3)
P : Density of air (kg/m3)
Ho : Enthalpy of air outside (kcal/kg)
Hi : enthalpy of air inside (kcal/kg)

2.3.3.3 Transmission Load

Due to the temperature difference between the storage box and the
outside of the air, some heat will flow. The amount of heat generated is
influenced by several things, including location, material, and the
surrounding air. The transmission load can be calculated by the
following formula :
𝑄 = 𝐴 𝑈 Δ𝑇
(Moritz, 2007)
Information:
Q : Heat transfer rate (W)
A : Surface area
U : Overall coefficient of heat transfer rate (W/m2K)
ΔT : Temperature difference (K)

2.3.3.4 Konduksi

Konduksi adalah perpindahan panas akibat kontak langsung antar

permukaan benda. Konduksi ini tergantung pada substansi yang
dilewatinya dan distribusi suhu benda di jalurnya. Perilaku konduksi
ini bisa ditentukan oleh perubahan suhu. Persamaan yang dapat
digunakan dalam menghitung perpindahan panas dengan konduksi
adalah:
𝑞=−𝑘 𝐴 𝑑𝑇𝑑𝑋
(Moritz, 2007)
Persamaan di atas disebut Hukum Fourier. Dimana q adalah rate dari
perpindahan panas konduksi, dT dx adalah gradien suhu menuju
perpindahan panas. Konstanta k adalah konduktivitas termal benda,
sedangkan tanda minusnya adalah dimasukkan untuk memenuhi
hukum kedua termodinamika.

2.3.3.5 Convection

Convection is the transfer of heat between a solid surface and a fluid

flowing around it, with the conducting medium in the form of a fluid,
either gas or liquid. Fluid flow will take place independently due to

6
 density differences due to temperature differences and can also be
through forces due to pumps or compressors (Agung, 2013). Heat
convection in mass flow can be interpreted as heat flow which depends
on the flow, cross-sectional area A, and temperature difference.
According to the equation below :
𝑞 = ℎ 𝐴 Δ𝑇
(Moritz, 2007)
The quantity h is the convection heat transfer coefficient. From the
above equation, we can understand that convection heat transfer
depends on the viscosity of the fluid in addition to depending on the
thermal properties of the fluid (thermal conductivity, specific heat,
density). Because viscosity affects the speed which in turn affects the
transfer of energy in an object.

2.3.3.6 Radiation
Radiation is the transfer of heat through a vacuum. Displacement can
be through radiation or electromagnetic emission. Usually use black
bodies that radiate energy at a rate proportional to the fourth power of
absolute temperature and proportional to surface area. This can be seen
in the equation below :
q = σ A T4
(Moritz, 2007)

2.3.4 Ice Gel Cooling Media

Figure 2.1. Ice Gell

Source: (Blibli.com)

An ice pack or ice gel is a portable plastic bag filled with water, cooling gel, or
liquid. To prepare for use the packaging is placed in advance in the freezer.
Neither ice nor other non-toxic refrigerants (mostly water) can absorb a
considerable amount of heat before warming above 0°C (32°F) is used to keep

7
 food cool in a portable cooler, or as a cold compress to reduce flavor. sick from
minor injuries, or in insulated shipping containers to keep the product cool
during transport (Singh, 2018).

2.3.5 Dry Ice Cooling Media

Figure 2.2. Dry Ice

Dry ice is a solid form of carbon dioxide that is usually used as a refrigerant.
Dry ice is also frozen carbon dioxide(CO²) which is usually used as a refrigerant
in places where no refrigeration is available. The advantage of dry ice is that it
is at a lower temperature than ice from water and does not leave any residue.
Dry ice is usually used to keep frozen food cold where it is not readily available
(refrigerator or refrigerator). Dry ice sublimes at 78.5°C (−109.3°F) at
atmospheric pressure. This unusually cold temperature causes dry ice which is
solid to be dangerous to handle without protection because it will cause a
frostbite. Dry ice is generally a harmless compound, but in high concentrations
it can cause (asphyxiation) due to lack of oxygen. The formation of dry ice
occurs because carbon dioxide gas undergoes a change in form, namely
deposition.

2.3.6 CO2 Gas Cooling Media

Figure 2.3. CO2 Tube

For this reason, the fish storage box is connected by a pipe with a bottle
containing a mixture of baking soda and nitric acid. There are two bottles
connected to each other by a pipe. The first bottle contains baking soda, while
the second bottle contains nitric acid. Then from the second bottle it is
connected by a pipe with a valve to the fish storage box. If the sensor detects
the CO2 content in the storage box has reached the threshold. Then the valve
will open automatically and CO2 will enter the fish storage box, then the valve
will close automatically if the CO2 content in the fish storage box has reached
the desired threshold (Sari, 2016).

8
 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction
This chapter describes the research flow chart and also explains the steps taken in this
research.
3.2 Research Flowchart

Start

Problem Formulation

Literature Studies
1. CAS
2. Ice Gell
Data Collection 3. Dry Ice
4. CO2 Gas
5. Fish Storage
Characteristics
Controlled Atmosphere
Storage Design

Component Selection and

Assembling

Testing and Data

Collection

Validation

Data Analysis

Conslusion

Finish

Figure 3.1. Research Flowcart

9
3.3 Problem Formulation
Starting with identifying and formulating problems regarding the work to be solved
along with the boundaries of the problem. Problem boundaries are needed so that the
research carried out does not widen and is more focused on solving a problem that has been
planned. Problem formulation can be searched by observing the surrounding conditions, or
linking current conditions with future conditions.
3.4 Literature Studies
Literature study was conducted to study the theories that could support the existing
problems. Literature studies were obtained from several sources in the form of books, papers,
previous year's final assignments, and conference results. In general, literature studies to
support this research refer to the discussion of modified atmosphere storage, air
characteristics in fish storage, cooling media for ice gel, dry ice, and CO2 gas.
3.5 Data Collection
At this stage, the necessary data collection is carried out as material to support
research. The initial data needed in the MASe studies include: the temperature required for
fish preservation, the CO2 and O2 content required for the air in the MAS, the cooling time
it can last.
3.6 MAS Design
At this stage, the design of the modified atmosphere storage system is carried out
which will later be assembled. The design is carried out by prioritizing space efficiency and
economy in manufacturing.
3.7 Component Sellection and Assembling
At this stage, the selection of the components needed in the MAS system such as fish,
types of ice gel, pipes, valves, sensors, CO2 supply and others is carried out.
3.8 Testing and Data Collection
At this stage, testing of the system is carried out, namely testing the performance of
MAS in keeping the air in the fish storage box at a predetermined threshold.
3.9 Validation
At this stage, validation is carried out regarding the test results, whether the results
are in accordance with the theory or not. Then also matched, validation of component work
whether it is in accordance with the desired specifications or not. If the data is correct, then
the process will continue. However, if the data is invalid, adjustments will be made and
check back to the initial data that has been collected.

10
3.10 Data Analysis
At this stage, analysis of system performance on MAS is carried out. The analyzed
performance is the system's ability to maintain the air condition in the fish storage box in
accordance with a predetermined threshold.
3.11 Conclusion
The conclusion that is expected in this final project is to be able to answer the
problems that are the research objectives, namely getting the design of the MAS system
using ice gel, dry ice, CO2 cooling media and knowing the performance produced in the
cooling process using ice gel, dry ice, CO2. Suggestions are written based on the data from
the discussion and the facts. This suggestion is given for the improvement of research in the
same field to be better.

11
 CHAPTER 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1. Preliminary
This chapter discusses the results of the experiments that have been carried out,
discusses the components of the tools that have been made, and the MAS design scheme.
This chapter also discusses the calculations needed in the MAS design such as calculating
the cooling load, calculating the need for ice gel, dry ice and CO2 requirements.
4.2. MAS Prototype Design Schematic

Figure 4.1. MAS Prototype Schematic

The components contained in the MAS system above are as follows :
1. Styrofoam
The main Styrofoam as a fish storage box with a capacity of 140 liters and has
a thickness of 3 cm. This Styrofoam is connected to the CO2 tube on the sides
through a valve.

2. CO2 Tube
CO2 cylinder as a CO2 gas storage. This tube is connected to the fish storage
box through a hose with a solenoid. The function of injecting CO2 gas is to
increase CO2 levels in fish storage boxes.

12
4.3. Control System Block Diagram Schematic

Figure 4.2. Control System Block Diagram Schematic

In the block diagram schematic above, it can be seen that the Modified Atmosphere
Storage control system uses 1 sensor where the sensor reads the data on the state of the air
temperature in the fish storage box and the signal is continued to the Arduino to be read by
the laptop. In the temperature characteristics, the desired set point temperature is set to 0°C-
5°C. The DHT 22 sensor will read the temperature state in the fish storage box, on the DHT
22 sensor the sensor data is not used to move the actuator but only for reading.

4.4. Determining the Set Point Temperature

Before calculating the cooling load, it is necessary to determine the desired air
characteristic set point in advance. That is, the set point is determined based on the
characteristics of typical Indonesian fish as follows.
Storage Temperature

0oC - 5oC

Table 4.1. Characteristics of Fish Storage

And the fish used as a burden in the fish storage box is tuna with a weight of 3,5 kg.

4.5. Mixed Air Calculation

The cooling carried out in the modified atmosphere storage this time is forced air
cooling, namely cold air from the ice gel box is flowed into the fish storage box with the aim
of lowering the air temperature in the fish storage box. While the initial temperature data are
as follows.
Initial Temperature of Ice Gel Box Initial Temperature of Fish Storage Box

32oC 36oC

Table 4.2. Box Temperature

13
So, it is necessary to calculate the difference between the initial temperature and the final
temperature in the fish storage box as follows :
ΔT = T1box Fish – T2box Fish
= 36 oC – 0 oC
= 36oC
From the above calculation, it is obtained that the final temperature required for the
ice gel box is 0oC.

4.6. Fish Storage Box Load Calculation

● Air load
Air load = m x cAir x ΔT
p Air = 0,001225 g/cm3
V Air = 64x44x37
= 100,8 liter
M Air = p Air x v Air
= 0,001225 x 100,8
= 0,123 kg
C Air = 1 kJ/kg K
ΔT = T1box ice gel – T2box ice gel
= 36oC – 0oC
= 36oC

Then the air load on the ice gel box is

Q = mAir x cAir x ΔT
= 0,123 x 1 x 36
= 4,428 kJ
● Fish Load
Fish load = m x c x ΔT
M Fish = 3,5 kg
C Fish = 3,35 kJ/kg K
ΔT = 36oC
QFish = 3,5 x 3,35 x 36
= 414.789 kJ

Then the total load on the Fish storage box is

Q Total Fish Storage Box = QAir + QFish
= 4,428 + 414,789
= 419,217 kJ

14
4.7. Calculation of Cooling Needs

The assumptions used in this calculation are :

● Ice gel storage box in adiabatic condition
● Ice gel packaging weight 1 kg
● The ambient temperature around the ice gel box is 36oC in a closed room
● The specific heat for ice gel and dry ice is 6.58 kJ/kgoC (Norkool, 1996).
The first stage of the calculation, which is to calculate the ice gel load per package in
advance, as follows.
Q = mice gel x cice gel x ΔT
= 1 x 6,58 x (36-0)
= 236,88 kJ
Assuming storage is carried out for 8 hours, then
419,217
Q = 236,88
= 1,77 kJ
𝑚3
1,77 𝑘𝑔 3 𝑥 8 𝑠3
𝑠
Amount of ice gel needed = = 10 kg
1,4 𝑚 3

4.8. Determining Coolant Percentage

Consideration of the experimental matrix is based on economic factors because ice gell
is cheaper and can be used several times so that the ratio of ice gel is greater than ice
gel and CO2 gas. Here's the Trial Matrix :

Combination Percentage
No
Ice Gel Dry Ice CO2 Gas
1 50% 25% 25%
2 60% 20% 20%
3 70% 15% 15%
4 80% 10% 10%
Table 4.3. Matrix Coolant Percentage

15
4.9. Graphic Analysis
4.9.1. Temperature Graph Analysis with 50% Ice Gell Percentage
This section will explain the results of the performance of the modified
atmosphere storage device in graphical form, with a combination of
cooling Ice Gell: Dry Ice: CO2 gas in a ratio of 50:25:25.

Graph of Temperature (C) x Time (Hour)

35

30
Temperature (C)

25

20

15

10

0
Time
1
2
0

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

18
19
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

20
21
22
23
24
Time (Hour)

Figure 4.3. Temperature Graph with Comparison of 50:25:25

In the graphic above, you can see the performance of the cooling media in
the form of ice gel, dry ice and CO2 gas in the appliance. With a total
operating time of about 24 hours, the fish storage room can withstand the
desired temperature of 0oC – 5oC for 19 hours 30 minutes. Then in the
graph above, it can also be seen that over time, the temperature in the fish
storage room will linearly move towards room temperature. This is
because ice gel and dry ice cooling media have limited resistance. Ice gel
will become hot over time, while dry ice will evaporate into CO2 gas.
4.9.2. Graph Analysis of CO2 Levels with 50% Ice Gell Percentage
This section will explain the results of the performance of the modified
atmosphere storage device in graphical form, with a combination of
cooling Ice Gell: Dry Ice: CO2 gas in a ratio of 50:25:25.

16
 Graph of CO2 Level (ml/(m2 hr atm)) x Time (hour)
3000

2500

2000
CO2 Level
1500

1000

500

0
Time

4
5
6
0
1
2
3

7
8
9

16
17
18
10
11
12
13
14
15

19
20
21
22
23
24
Hour

Figure 4.4. Graph of CO2 Levels with a Comparison of 50:25:25

In the graphic above, you can see the condition of CO 2 levels in the fish
storage room. Because the coolbox has CO2 injection that continues to
flow, it is necessary to measure CO2 levels. From the results of measuring
CO2 levels for 19 hours 30 minutes it reached 2.15998 lt/(m2 hr atm)
4.9.3. Temperature Graph Analysis with 60% Ice Gell Percentage
This section will explain the results of the performance of the modified
atmosphere storage device in graphical form, with a combination of
cooling Ice Gell: Dry Ice: CO2 gas in a ratio of 60:20:20.

Graph of Temperature (C) x Time (Hour)

35

30
Temperature (C)

25

20

15

10

0
Time

8
0
1

3
4

6
7

16

19

22
10
11
12
13
14
15

17
18

20
21

23
24

Time (Hour)

17
 Figure 4.5. Temperature Graph with Comparison of 60:20:20
In the graphic above, you can see the performance of the cooling media in
the form of ice gel, dry ice and CO2 gas in the appliance. With a total
operating time of about 24 hours, the fish storage room can withstand the
desired temperature of 0oC – 5oC for 18 hours 25 minutes. Then in the
graph above, it can also be seen that over time, the temperature in the fish
storage room will linearly move towards room temperature. This is
because ice gel and dry ice cooling media have limited resistance. Ice gel
will become hot over time, while dry ice will evaporate into CO2 gas.
4.9.4. Graph Analysis of CO2 Levels with 60% Ice Gell Percentage
This section will explain the results of the performance of the modified
atmosphere storage device in graphical form, with a combination of
cooling Ice Gell: Dry Ice: CO2 gas in a ratio of 60:20:20.

Graph of CO2 Level (ml/(m2 hr atm)) x Time (hour)

2500

2000
CO2 Level

1500

1000

500

0
Time

6
0
1
2
3
4
5

7
8
9
10

14

18

22
11
12
13

15
16
17

19
20
21

23
24 Time (hour)

Figure 4.6. Graph of CO2 Levels with a Comparison of 60:20:20

In the graphic above, you can see the condition of CO 2 levels in the fish
storage room. Because the coolbox has CO2 injection that continues to
flow, it is necessary to measure CO2 levels. From the results of measuring
CO2 levels for 18 hours 25 minutes it reached 2.02956 lt/(m2 hr atm).
4.9.5. Temperature Graph Analysis with 70% Ice Gell Percentage
This section will explain the results of the performance of the modified
atmosphere storage device in graphical form, with a combination of
cooling Ice Gell: Dry Ice: CO2 gas in a ratio of 70:15:15.

18
 Graph of Temperature (C) x Time (Hour)
35

30

Temperature (C)
25

20

15

10

0
Time

8
0
1

3
4

6
7

16

19

22
10
11
12
13
14
15

17
18

20
21

23
24
Time (Hour)

Figure 4.7. Temperature Graph with Comparison of 70:15:15

In the graphic above, you can see the performance of the cooling media in
the form of ice gel, dry ice and CO2 gas in the appliance. With a total
operating time of about 24 hours, the fish storage room can withstand the
desired temperature of 0oC – 5oC for 17 hours 30 minutes. Then in the
graph above, it can also be seen that over time, the temperature in the fish
storage room will linearly move towards room temperature. This is
because ice gel and dry ice cooling media have limited resistance. Ice gel
will become hot over time, while dry ice will evaporate into CO2 gas.
4.9.6. Graph Analysis of CO2 Levels with 70% Ice Gell Percentage
This section will explain the results of the performance of the modified
atmosphere storage device in graphical form, with a combination of
cooling Ice Gell: Dry Ice: CO2 gas in a ratio of 70:15:15.

19
 Graph of CO2 Level (ml/(m2 hr atm)) x Time (hour)
2500

2000

CO2 Level 1500

1000

500

0
Time

6
0
1
2
3
4
5

7
8
9
10

14

18

22
11
12
13

15
16
17

19
20
21

23
24
Time (hour)

Figure 4.8. Graph of CO2 Levels with a Comparison of 70:15:15

In the graphic above, you can see the condition of CO 2 levels in the fish
storage room. Because the coolbox has CO2 injection that continues to
flow, it is necessary to measure CO2 levels. From the results of measuring
CO2 levels for 17 hours 30 minutes it reached 1.89058 lt/(m2 hr atm)
4.9.7. Temperature Graph Analysis with 80% Ice Gell Percentage
This section will explain the results of the performance of the modified
atmosphere storage device in graphical form, with a combination of
cooling Ice Gell: Dry Ice: CO2 gas in a ratio of 80:10:10.

Graph of Temperature (C) x Time (Hour)

35

30
Temperature (C)

25

20

15

10

0
Time

8
0
1

3
4

6
7

16

19

22
10
11
12
13
14
15

17
18

20
21

23
24

Time (Hour)

20
 Figure 4.9. Temperature Graph with Comparison of 80:10:10
In the graphic above, you can see the performance of the cooling media in
the form of ice gel, dry ice and CO2 gas in the appliance. With a total
operating time of about 24 hours, the fish storage room can withstand the
desired temperature of 0oC – 5oC for 17 hours. Then in the graph above, it
can also be seen that over time, the temperature in the fish storage room
will linearly move towards room temperature. This is because ice gel and
dry ice cooling media have limited resistance. Ice gel will become hot over
time, while dry ice will evaporate into CO2 gas.
4.9.8. Graph Analysis of CO2 Levels with 80% Ice Gell Percentage
This section will explain the results of the performance of the modified
atmosphere storage device in graphical form, with a combination of
cooling Ice Gell: Dry Ice: CO2 gas in a ratio of 80:10:10.

Graph of CO2 Level (ml/(m2 hr atm)) x Time (hour)

2500

2000
CO2 Level

1500

1000

500

0
Time

6
0
1
2
3
4
5

7
8
9
10

14

18

22
11
12
13

15
16
17

19
20
21

23
24 Time (hour)

Figure 4.10. Graph of CO2 Levels with a Comparison of 80:10:10

In the graphic above, you can see the condition of CO 2 levels in the fish
storage room. Because the coolbox has CO2 injection that continues to
flow, it is necessary to measure CO2 levels. From the results of measuring
CO2 levels for 17 hours it reached 1.79256 lt/(m2 hr atm)

21
4.10. Performance Comparison of the Four Trials
Cooling Composition Initial Conditioning Stable Time
Time
Ice Gel : Dry Ice : CO2
50 : 25 : 25 1 hour 20 minutes 19 hours 30 minutes
60 : 20 : 20 1 hour 40 minutes 18 hours 25 minutes
70 : 15 : 15 2 hours 0 minute 17 hours 30 minutes
80 : 10 : 10 2 hours 15 minutes 17 hours 0 minute
Table 4.4. Performance Comparasion
From the table above, it can be seen that cooling using CO 2 gas and dry ice has
advantages over ice gel at the time of initial conditioning, namely a decrease in room
temperature to 0oC. Meanwhile, for temperature conditioning in the 0oC – 5oC range,
CO2 gas and dry ice can maintain a much more stable temperature than ice gel. This is
because the cooling medium in the form of CO2 gas does not have a resistance limit as
in ice gel which will become liquid and dry ice which will evaporate over time.
Therefore, the cooling medium in the form of CO 2 gas was chosen as a coolant in
modified atmosphere storage.

4.11. Performance Result Comparison

Figure 4.11. Comparison Chart Of The Four Experiments

In the graphic above, you can see a comparison of the four variations of cooling media.
In the experimental graph with more GAS CO2 the temperature can be kept in the
desired range longer and can reach the desired temperature faster. Meanwhile, with less
variation in CO2, the temperature increases faster and it takes longer to reach the desired
temperature. Ice gel cooling media has a limited ability to maintain its temperature
because the ice gel will melt.

22
4.12. Comparison Experiment With CO2 Gas and Without CO2 Gas

Figure 4.12. Comparison with CO2 and Without CO2

The yellow graph is a graph of cooling Ice Gel and Dry Ice while the orange graph is a
graph of the combination of Ice Gel, Dry Ice and CO 2 gas. In the chart above, it takes
around 4 hours, while using CO2 gas it only takes 1 hour and 20 minutes. And in the
experiment without CO2 gas, it could only maintain the desired temperature for 13
hours, while those with CO2 could only be maintained for up to 19 hours and 30
minutes.
4.13. Design A Fish Cooler Using Ice Gel, Dry Ice And CO2 Gas
Based on previous experiments and calculations, the main data obtained are as follows.
Fish storage space volume = 140 liters
CO2 gas cylinder capacity = 1000 liters

23
Figure 4.13. Design A Fish Cooler Using Ice Gel, Dry Ice And CO2 Gas

Figure 4.14. Design A Fish Cooler Using Ice Gel, Dry Ice And CO2 Gas

24
 Figure 4.15. Design A Fish Cooler Using Ice Gel, Dry Ice And CO2 Gas
In the design above, each modified atmosphere storage has room to store Ice Gell, Dry
Ice and CO2 gas cylinders. For a small box capacity, this will facilitate delivery, because
it does not require gas station supply infrastructure in the trucking sector, storing in
warehouses, and shipping on ships. In MAS this model also makes it easier when
loading and unloading at the Port of Pelra. Because at the Pelra Port, many loading and
unloading activities are carried out by workers conventionally. Because the weight is
not too heavy and the dimensions are small enough that it can be carried by 2-3 people.

4.14. CO2 Needs Calculation

From the graph of CO2 levels, it can be seen the need for CO2 gas cooling media
within 1 day of the experiment. The total time the CO2 gas valve is open is:
1. Initial conditioning time
The CO2 gas valve is open for 80 minutes at the start of the experiment
2. Temperature stable time
The CO2 gas valve is open for 1 minute for 24 times. Total open time is 24
minutes.

25
At the initial conditioning time, the flowmeter is set at 10 liters/minute. So the total
volume of CO2 gas required is
Conditioning gas volume requirement = 3 liters/minute x 80 minutes
Conditioning gas volume requirement = 240 liter
While at a stable time, the flowmeter is set the gas flow at 3 liters/minute. So, the total
volume of CO2 gas needed for 1 day is:
Stable time gas volume requirement = 3 liters/minute x 24 minutes
Stable time gas volume requirement = 72 liters
So the volume requirement of CO2 gas at a stable time in 1 day is 72 liters. Then it can
be written the volume requirement of CO2 gas per hour for the need for stable
temperature conditions 0oC - 5oC as follows
CO2 volume requirement per hour = Total gas stable time 1 day/24 hours
CO2 volume requirement per hour = 72 liters/24 hours
CO2 volume requirement per hour = 3 liters/hour
If the Pelra ship voyages for 4 days, the total volume of CO2 gas required is:
Volume of CO2 used = Total conditioning gas + 4 x Total gas time stable 1
day
Volume of CO2 used = 240 liters + 4 x 72 liters
Volume of CO2 used = 240 liters + 288 liters
Volume of CO2 used = 528 liters

26
 CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1. Research Overview

In this study, testing the performance of combination of ice gel, dry ice and CO2 gas as
fish cooling media. This research is a refinement of previous research. That is in the
form of replacing components with other materials that are more efficient, such as using
3 types of cooling media, namely Ice Gell, Dry Ice and CO 2 Gass. The system is set
with 2 sensors, namely a CO2 sensor and a temperature sensor. The sensor reading
results are used as a signal to a computer to then be translated as display data.
5.2. Conclusions
Based on the research that the author has done, it can be concluded that :
1. The performance of the cooler using Ice Gell, Dry Ice and CO2 Gass cooling
media can maintain a temperature of 0°C-5°C for 19 hours 30 minutes and
to reach a temperature of 0°C from which all of the temperature is 34°C it
takes 1 hour 20 minutes.
2. Cooling with Ice Gell and Dry Ice takes about 4 hours to reach 0°C, while
using Ice Gell, Dry Ice and CO2 Gas only takes 1 hour 20 minutes to reach
0°C. And the experiment with Ice Gell and Dry Ice can only maintain the
desired temperature for 13 hours, while those using Ice Gell, Dry Ice and
CO2 Gas can be maintained for up to 19 hours 30 minutes.
3. The MAS design has a fish storage room capacity of 140 liters with a special
room for its own CO2 tube. This MAS can be loaded in a conventional way,
which is lifted by 2-3 people because it has a light weight.
5.3. Suggestions
1. Replacing the CO2 sensor with a sensor that has a reading range of 100%
2. Analyze strong MAS materials and have the best cold storage
3. Perform calculations and design battery requirements for MAS
4. Perform valve analysis on CO2 gas cylinders
5. Replace electronic components such as cables with better quality in order to avoid
errors when the tool is working

27
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28
 REFERENCES

Abidin, M. (2017). Desain Sistem Pendingin Ruang Muat Kapal Fish Tradisional
Menggunakan Insulasi Dari Sekam Padi. Surabaya: Institut Teknologi Sepuluh
Nopember

Dykstra, J. H., Hill, H. M., Miller, M. G., Cheatham, C. C., Michael, T. J., & Baker, R. J.
(2009). Comparisons of cubed ice, crushed ice, and wetted ice on intramuscular and
surface temperature changes. Journal of athletic training, 44(2), 136-141.

Libyawati, W., Lesmana, I. G., Raynold, A., Agustian, H., & Mahardhika, L. (2017).
Modified atmosphere storage (mas) buah pisang. Dinamika Teknik Mesin: Jurnal
Keilmuan dan Terapan Teknik Mesin, 7(2).

Libyawati, W., Suwandi, A., & Agustian, H. (2017). Rancang Bangun Teknologi Modified
Atmosphere Storage (Mas) Dengan Kapasitas 4, 77 m3. Jurnal Teknologi, 9(2), 103-
116.

Nashrullah, I. (2018). Analisa Performa Kotak Pendingin Pada Kapal Nelayan Tradisional
Menggunakan Insulasi Campuran Kayu Mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla) dan Serat
Kapuk. Surabaya: Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

Nugroho, T. A., Kiryanto, K., & & Adietya, B. A. (2016). Kajian Eksperimen Penggunaan
Media Pendingin Fish Berupa Es Basah dan Ice Pack Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan
Performance Tempat Penyimpanan Fish Hasil Tangkapan Nelayan. Jurnal Teknik
Perkapalan, 4(4).

Saputra, A. C. (2017). Studi Eksperimen Penggunaan Ice gel Propylene Glycol Sebagai
Media Pendingin Coolbox Kapal Fish Tradisional. Surabaya: Doctoral dissertation,
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

Widyaningrum, W., Purwanto, Y. A., & Mardjan, S. (2018). Desain Sistem Kontrol dan
Monitoring Kondisi Air pada Modified Atmosphere Storage Berbasis
Mikrokontroler Arduino Uno. Jurnal KeteknFish Pertanian, 6(1), 75-82.

29
 Attachment

Time Variation 1 Variation 2 Variation 3 Variation 4

Minute Kadar Kadar Kadar Kadar
(Hour) Suhu (C) Suhu (C) Suhu (C) Suhu (C)
CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2
0 30,9 0,12 31,4 0,1 32,3 0,11 32,66 0,1
5 27,35 1,25 29,5 1,3 30,4 1,2 30,66 1,1
10 24,22 2,38 26,12 2,18 28,5 2,05 29,1 2
15 21,44 3,51 23,45 3,06 26,6 2,9 27,9 2,5
20 18,98 4,64 20,48 3,94 24,7 3,75 25,3 3,65
25 16,8 5,77 18,24 4,82 22,8 4,6 22,96 4,3
0
30 13,07 6,9 16 5,7 20,9 5,45 21,6 4,95
35 10,25 8,03 13,76 6,58 19 6,3 19,23 5,6
40 7,43 9,16 11,52 7,46 17,1 7,15 17,26 6,25
45 4,27 10,29 9,28 8,34 15,2 8 15,36 6,9
50 3,05 11,42 7,04 9,22 13,3 8,85 13,46 7,55
55 2,65 12,55 4,8 10,1 11,4 9,7 11,56 8,2
60 1,43 13,68 2,56 10,98 9,5 10,55 9,66 8,85
65 1,01 14,81 2,01 11,86 7,6 11,4 7,76 9,5
70 0,67 15,94 1,67 12,74 5,7 12,25 5,86 10,15
75 0,21 17,07 1,33 13,62 3,8 13,1 3,96 10,8
80 0,06 18,2 0,99 14,5 1,9 13,95 2,06 11,45
85 0,15 19,87 0,65 15,38 1,65 14,8 1,81 12,1
1
90 0,27 21,54 0,31 16,26 1,4 15,65 1,56 12,75
95 0,38 23,21 0,12 17,14 1,15 16,5 1,31 13,4
100 0,46 24,88 0,08 18,02 0,9 17,35 1,06 14,05
105 0,55 26,55 0,25 18,9 0,65 18,2 0,81 14,7
110 0,73 28,22 0,33 19,78 0,4 19,05 0,56 15,35
115 0,92 31,08 0,52 25,08 0,15 19,9 0,31 16
120 0,66 33,94 0,76 30,38 0,06 20,75 0,22 16,65
125 0,76 36,8 0,66 35,68 0,26 21,6 0,42 18,6
130 0,67 39,66 0,67 37,66 0,35 22,45 0,51 20,55
135 0,54 42,52 0,65 39,64 0,44 34,64 0,06 22,5
2 140 0,43 45,38 0,43 41,62 0,53 38,62 0,69 24,45
145 0,85 50,16 0,83 43,6 0,62 42,6 0,78 26,4
150 0,73 54,94 0,93 45,58 0,71 46,58 0,87 28,35
155 0,85 59,72 1,05 47,56 0,8 50,56 0,96 30,3
160 0,91 64,5 0,91 54,5 0,89 54,54 1,05 32,25

30
 165 0,98 69,28 0,98 59,28 0,98 58,52 1,14 34,2
170 1,07 74,06 1,07 64,06 1,07 62,5 1,23 36,15
175 1,14 78,84 1,24 68,84 1,16 66,48 1,32 38,1
180 1,21 83,62 1,31 73,62 1,25 70,46 1,41 40,05
185 1,27 88,4 1,37 78,4 1,34 74,44 1,5 42
190 1,35 93,18 1,45 83,18 1,43 78,42 1,59 43,95
195 1,43 97,96 1,53 87,96 1,52 82,4 1,68 52,4
200 1,54 102,74 1,64 92,74 1,61 86,38 1,77 60,85
205 1,63 111,37 1,73 97,52 1,7 90,36 1,86 69,3
3
210 1,68 120 1,78 102,3 1,79 94,34 1,95 77,75
215 1,73 128,63 1,83 118,63 1,83 98,32 1,99 86,2
220 1,81 137,26 1,91 134,96 1,91 102,3 2,07 94,65
225 1,87 145,89 1,97 141,89 1,97 106,28 2,13 103,1
230 1,94 154,52 2,04 148,82 2,04 110,26 2,2 106,52
235 2,05 163,15 2,15 155,75 2,15 114,24 2,31 109,94
240 2,23 171,78 2,33 162,68 2,33 118,22 2,49 113,36
245 1,5 181,53 1,25 169,61 2,25 122,2 2,41 116,78
250 1 191,28 1 176,54 2 126,18 2,16 120,2
255 1,5 201,03 1,45 183,47 1,75 130,16 1,91 123,62
260 1,36 210,78 1,36 190,4 1,5 134,14 1,66 127,04
265 1,4 220,53 1,64 197,33 1,25 138,12 1,41 130,46
4
270 1,45 230,28 1,45 204,26 1 142,1 1,16 133,88
275 1,56 240,03 1,56 211,19 1,26 146,08 1,42 137,3
280 1,59 249,78 1,79 218,12 1,49 150,06 1,65 140,72
285 1,72 259,53 1,72 225,05 1,72 154,04 1,88 144,14
290 1,8 269,28 1,88 231,98 1,88 158,02 2,04 147,56
295 1,85 279,03 1,95 238,91 1,95 162 2,11 150,98
300 1,9 288,78 1,99 245,84 2,08 165,98 2,24 154,4
305 2,01 298,53 2,11 252,77 2,195 169,96 2,355 157,82
310 2,04 308,28 2,24 259,7 2,31 173,94 2,47 161,24
315 1,67 318,03 1,76 266,63 1,86 177,92 2,02 164,66
320 1,76 327,78 1,66 273,56 1,76 181,9 1,92 168,08
5
325 1,75 337,53 1,65 280,49 1,66 185,88 1,82 171,5
330 1,81 347,28 1,51 287,42 1,56 189,86 1,72 174,92
335 1,79 357,03 1,69 294,35 1,46 193,84 1,62 178,34
340 1,86 366,78 1,76 301,28 1,36 197,82 1,52 181,76
345 1,88 376,53 1,78 308,21 1,78 201,8 1,94 185,18

31
 350 1,93 386,28 1,96 315,14 1,96 205,78 2,12 188,6
355 2,01 396,03 2,01 322,07 2,01 209,76 2,17 192,02
360 2,04 405,78 2,14 329 2,14 213,74 2,3 203,74
365 2,12 415,53 2,12 335,93 2,22 217,72 2,38 215,46
370 2,28 425,28 2,28 342,86 2,3 221,7 2,46 220,9
375 2,38 435,03 2,38 349,79 2,38 225,68 2,54 223,68
380 2,49 444,78 2,45 356,72 2,46 229,66 2,62 226,46
385 2,55 454,53 2,57 363,65 2,54 233,64 2,7 229,24
6
390 2,74 464,28 2,8 370,58 2,62 237,62 2,78 232,02
395 2,8 474,03 2,74 377,51 2,7 241,6 2,86 234,8
400 2,94 483,78 3,04 384,44 3,04 245,58 3,2 237,58
405 3 493,64 3 391,37 3 249,56 3,16 240,36
410 3,11 503,5 3,31 398,3 3,31 253,54 3,47 243,14
415 3,1 513,36 3,41 405,23 3,41 257,52 3,57 245,92
420 3,24 523,22 3,34 412,16 3,51 261,5 3,67 248,7
425 3,56 533,08 3,76 419,09 3,61 265,48 3,77 255,48
430 3,52 542,94 3,56 426,02 3,71 269,46 3,87 262,26
435 3,34 552,8 3,54 432,95 3,81 273,44 3,97 269,04
440 3,28 562,66 3,58 439,88 3,91 277,42 4,07 275,82
445 3,35 572,52 3,65 446,81 3,65 281,4 3,81 282,6
7
450 3,52 582,38 3,52 453,74 3,52 285,38 3,68 289,38
455 3,59 592,24 3,69 460,67 3,79 289,36 3,95 296,16
460 3,75 602,1 3,75 467,6 3,85 293,34 4,01 302,94
465 3,87 611,96 3,87 474,53 3,97 297,32 4,13 309,72
470 3,99 621,82 3,99 481,46 3,89 301,3 4,05 316,5
475 3,64 631,68 3,74 488,39 3,74 305,28 3,9 323,28
480 3,15 641,54 3,65 495,32 3,65 309,26 3,81 330,06
485 2,31 651,4 2,51 502,25 3,51 313,24 3,67 336,84
490 2,39 661,26 2,39 509,18 3,39 409,1 3,55 359,1
495 2,51 671,12 2,61 516,11 2,71 445,1 2,87 381,36
500 2,6 680,98 2,67 523,04 2,87 483,03 3,03 403,62
8 505 2,63 690,84 2,73 590,84 2,93 520,96 3,09 425,88
510 2,7 700,7 2,9 658,64 2,98 558,89 3,14 448,14
515 2,59 710,56 2,89 689,56 2,89 596,82 3,05 470,4
520 2,79 720,42 2,79 712,42 2,83 634,75 2,99 492,66
525 2,6 730,28 2,6 720,28 2,76 672,68 2,92 514,92
530 2 740,14 2,68 728,14 2,68 710,61 2,84 537,18

32
 535 2,74 750 2,74 736 2,84 720 3 559,44
540 2,82 759,86 2,82 743,86 2,92 729,39 3,08 581,7
545 2,99 769,72 3,09 758,65 3 738,78 3,16 603,96
550 2,85 779,58 2,95 773,44 3,08 748,17 3,24 626,22
555 2,62 789,44 2,87 788,23 3,16 757,56 3,32 648,48
560 2,91 799,3 3,08 789,3 3,24 766,95 3,4 670,74
565 3,05 809,16 3,14 790,37 3,32 776,34 3,48 693
9
570 2,55 819,02 2,65 791,44 3,4 781,44 3,56 715,26
575 2,95 828,88 2,95 792,51 2,95 786,54 3,11 737,52
580 3,1 838,74 3,1 793,58 2,87 791,64 3,03 759,78
585 1,1 848,6 2,41 794,65 2,79 792,65 2,95 782,04
590 1,34 858,46 2,34 795,72 2,71 793,66 2,87 793,66
595 1,43 868,32 2,43 796,79 2,63 794,67 2,79 794,67
600 1,58 878,18 2,58 797,86 2,55 795,68 2,71 795,08
605 1,88 888,04 2,88 798,93 2,47 796,69 2,63 796,09
610 2,05 897,9 3,05 800 2,39 797,7 2,55 797,1
615 2,13 907,76 3,13 801,07 2,31 798,71 2,47 798,11
620 2,29 917,62 3,29 802,14 3,29 799,72 3,45 799,12
625 2,31 927,48 3,31 803,21 3,31 800,73 3,47 800,13
10
630 2,34 937,34 2,34 804,28 2,34 801,74 2,5 801,14
635 2,43 947,2 2,43 805,35 2,43 802,75 2,59 802,15
640 2,45 957,06 2,45 806,42 2,55 803,76 2,71 803,16
645 2,51 966,92 2,51 807,49 2,67 804,77 2,83 804,17
650 2,53 976,78 2,53 808,56 2,79 805,78 2,95 805,18
655 2,5 986,64 2,89 809,63 2,91 806,79 3,07 806,19
660 2,59 996,5 2,76 810,7 3,03 807,8 3,19 807,2
665 2,57 1006,36 2,63 906,36 3,15 808,81 3,31 808,21
670 2,58 1016,22 2,5 916,76 3,27 809,82 3,43 809,22
675 2,56 1026,08 2,37 927,16 2,37 810,83 2,53 810,23
680 2,57 1035,94 2,24 937,56 2,24 811,84 2,4 811,24
685 2,62 1045,8 2,32 947,96 2,11 812,85 2,27 812,25
11
690 2,52 1055,66 2,4 958,36 2,4 813,86 2,56 813,26
695 2,53 1065,52 2,48 968,76 2,69 814,87 2,85 814,27
700 2,59 1075,38 2,56 979,16 2,98 815,88 3,14 815,28
705 2,61 1085,24 2,64 989,56 2,64 816,89 2,8 816,29
710 2,56 1095,1 2,72 999,96 2,3 817,9 2,46 817,3
715 2,53 1104,96 2,8 1010,36 2,8 820,36 2,96 819,76

33
 720 2,56 1114,82 2,88 1020,76 2,88 822,82 3,04 821,62
725 2,59 1124,68 2,96 1031,16 2,96 825,28 3,12 824,08
730 2,57 1134,54 3,04 1041,56 3,04 827,74 3,2 826,54
735 2,64 1144,4 3,12 1051,96 3,12 841,96 3,28 840,76
740 2,88 1154,26 3,2 1062,36 3,2 856,18 3,36 854,98
745 2,97 1164,12 3,28 1072,76 3,28 870,4 3,44 869,2
12
750 3,1 1173,98 3,35 1083,16 3,36 884,62 3,52 883,42
755 3 1183,84 3,43 1093,56 3,44 898,84 3,6 897,64
760 3,3 1193,7 3,51 1103,96 3,52 913,06 3,68 911,86
765 3,2 1203,56 3,5 1114,36 3,6 927,28 3,76 926,08
770 3 1213,42 3,6 1124,76 3,68 941,5 3,84 940,3
775 3,89 1223,28 3,75 1135,16 3,76 955,72 3,92 954,52
780 3,03 1233,14 3,83 1145,56 3,84 969,94 4 967,04
785 3 1243 3,6 1155,96 3,92 984,16 4,08 980,26
790 3 1252,86 3,76 1166,36 3,76 998,38 3,92 993,48
795 2,91 1262,72 3,91 1176,76 3,6 1012,6 3,76 1002,6
800 3,04 1272,58 3,04 1187,16 3,44 1026,82 3,6 1016,82
805 3,22 1282,44 3,22 1197,56 3,28 1041,04 3,44 1031,04
13
810 3,73 1292,3 3,53 1207,96 3,12 1055,26 3,28 1045,26
815 3,04 1302,16 3,64 1218,36 2,96 1069,48 3,12 1059,48
820 3,54 1312,02 3,53 1228,76 2,8 1083,7 2,96 1073,7
825 3,5 1321,88 3,6 1239,16 2,64 1097,92 2,8 1087,92
830 3,46 1331,74 3,49 1249,56 2,48 1112,14 2,64 1092,14
835 3,32 1341,6 3,72 1259,96 2,32 1126,36 2,48 1106,36
840 3,58 1351,46 3,95 1270,36 3,95 1140,58 4,11 1120,58
845 3,32 1361,32 4,18 1280,76 4,16 1154,8 4,32 1134,8
850 3,55 1371,18 3,55 1291,16 4,37 1169,02 4,53 1149,02
855 3,81 1381,04 3,81 1301,56 4,58 1183,24 4,74 1163,24
860 3,51 1390,9 3,51 1311,96 3,51 1197,46 3,67 1177,46
865 3,58 1400,76 3,58 1322,36 3,58 1211,68 3,74 1181,68
14
870 3,78 1410,62 3,78 1332,76 3,65 1225,9 3,81 1195,9
875 3,91 1420,48 3,91 1343,16 3,72 1240,12 3,88 1210,12
880 3,98 1430,34 3,98 1353,56 3,79 1254,34 3,95 1224,34
885 3,95 1440,2 3,95 1363,96 3,86 1268,56 4,02 1238,56
890 3,85 1450,06 3,85 1374,36 3,93 1282,78 4,09 1252,78
895 3,9 1459,92 3,9 1384,76 3,9 1297 4,06 1267
15 900 3,92 1469,78 3,87 1395,16 3,87 1311,22 4,03 1271,22

34
 905 3,97 1479,64 3,97 1405,56 3,84 1335,56 4 1295,56
910 4 1489,5 4 1415,96 3,81 1359,9 3,97 1319,9
915 4,05 1499,36 4,05 1426,36 3,78 1384,24 3,94 1344,24
920 4,1 1509,22 4,1 1436,76 4,1 1408,58 4,26 1368,58
925 4,15 1519,08 4,15 1447,16 4,15 1422,92 4,31 1382,92
930 4,15 1528,94 4,15 1457,56 4,2 1437,26 4,36 1397,26
935 3,6 1538,8 3,6 1467,96 4,25 1451,6 4,41 1411,6
940 4 1548,66 4 1478,36 4,3 1460,94 4,46 1420,94
945 4,08 1558,52 4,08 1488,76 4,35 1470,28 4,51 1430,28
950 4,09 1568,38 4,09 1499,16 4,4 1479,62 4,56 1439,62
955 3,47 1578,24 3,47 1509,56 4,45 1488,96 4,61 1448,96
960 3,53 1588,1 3,53 1519,96 3,53 1498,3 3,69 1458,3
965 3,62 1597,96 3,62 1530,36 3,62 1507,64 3,78 1467,64
970 3,25 1607,82 3,25 1540,76 3,71 1516,98 3,87 1476,98
975 3,56 1617,68 3,56 1551,16 3,8 1526,32 3,96 1486,32
980 3,66 1627,54 3,66 1561,56 3,89 1535,66 4,05 1495,66
985 3,48 1637,4 3,48 1571,96 3,98 1545 4,14 1505
16
990 3,56 1647,26 3,56 1582,36 3,86 1554,34 4,02 1514,34
995 3,76 1657,12 3,76 1592,76 3,76 1563,68 3,92 1515,68
1000 3,7 1666,98 3,7 1603,16 3,66 1573,02 3,82 1523,02
1005 3,62 1676,84 3,62 1613,56 3,56 1582,36 3,72 1532,36
1010 3,78 1686,7 3,78 1623,96 3,46 1591,7 3,62 1541,7
1015 3,65 1696,56 3,65 1634,36 3,65 1601,04 3,81 1551,04
1020 3,94 1706,42 3,94 1644,76 3,84 1610,38 4 1560,38
1025 4,17 1716,28 4,17 1655,16 4,03 1619,72 4,19 1569,72
1030 3,92 1726,14 3,92 1665,56 4,22 1629,06 4,38 1579,06
1035 3,99 1736 3,99 1675,96 3,99 1638,4 4,15 1588,4
1040 4,31 1745,86 4,31 1686,36 3,76 1647,74 3,92 1597,74
1045 4,11 1755,72 4,11 1696,76 3,53 1657,08 3,69 1607,08
17
1050 3,97 1765,58 3,97 1707,16 3,3 1666,42 3,46 1616,42
1055 4,21 1775,44 4,21 1717,56 4,21 1675,76 4,37 1625,76
1060 4,63 1785,3 4,63 1727,96 4,33 1685,1 4,49 1635,1
1065 4,47 1795,16 4,65 1738,36 4,45 1694,44 4,61 1644,44
1070 4,59 1805,02 4,59 1748,76 4,57 1703,78 4,73 1653,78
1075 4,47 1814,88 4,65 1759,16 4,69 1713,12 4,85 1663,12
1080 4,25 1824,74 4,25 1769,56 4,81 1722,46 4,97 1672,46
18
1085 4,75 1834,6 4,35 1779,96 4,65 1731,8 4,81 1673,8

35
 1090 4,7 1844,46 4,7 1790,36 4,49 1741,14 4,65 1681,14
1095 4,85 1854,32 4,85 1800,76 4,33 1750,48 4,49 1690,48
1100 4,9 1864,18 4,4 1811,16 4,17 1759,82 4,33 1699,82
1105 4,92 1874,04 4,62 1821,56 4,01 1769,16 4,17 1709,16
1110 4,97 1883,9 4,07 1831,96 4,07 1778,5 4,23 1718,5
1115 5 1893,76 4,12 1842,36 4,18 1787,84 4,34 1727,84
1120 4,1 1903,62 4,17 1852,76 4,29 1797,18 4,45 1737,18
1125 4,15 1913,48 4,22 1863,16 4,4 1806,52 4,56 1746,52
1130 4,15 1923,34 4,27 1873,56 4,51 1815,86 4,67 1755,86
1135 3,74 1933,2 4,32 1883,96 4,62 1825,2 4,78 1765,2
1140 3,65 1943,06 4,37 1894,36 4,73 1834,54 4,89 1766,54
1145 3,85 1952,92 4,42 1904,76 4,69 1843,88 4,85 1773,88
1150 3,89 1962,78 4,47 1915,16 4,75 1853,22 4,91 1783,22
1155 3,92 1972,64 4,52 1925,56 4,81 1862,56 5,01 1792,56
1160 4,02 1982,5 4,57 1935,96 4,97 1871,9 5,13 1801,9
1165 4 1992,36 4,63 1946,36 4,83 1881,24 5,09 1811,24
19
1170 4,21 2002,22 4,68 1956,76 4,99 1890,58 5,15 1820,58
1175 4,18 2012,08 4,73 1967,16 5,04 1899,92 5,2 1829,92
1180 4,11 2021,94 4,78 1977,56 5,11 1909,26 5,27 1839,26
1185 4,34 2031,8 4,83 1987,96 5,97 1918,6 6,13 1848,6
1190 4,24 2041,66 4,88 1998,36 5,88 1927,94 6,04 1857,94
1195 4,43 2051,52 4,93 2008,76 5,93 1937,28 6,09 1867,28
1200 4,38 2061,38 4,98 2019,16 5,98 1946,62 6,14 1876,62
1205 4,57 2071,24 5 2029,56 5 1955,96 5,16 1885,96
1210 4,45 2081,1 5,07 2039,96 5,17 1965,3 5,33 1895,3
1215 4,75 2090,96 5,13 2050,36 5,23 1974,64 5,39 1904,64
1220 4,74 2100,82 5,19 2059,76 5,29 1983,98 5,45 1913,98
1225 4,71 2110,68 5,25 2069,16 5,35 1993,32 5,51 1923,32
20
1230 4,71 2120,54 5,31 2069,56 5,41 2002,66 5,57 1932,66
1235 5 2130,4 5,37 2069,96 5,47 2012 5,63 1942
1240 5 2140,26 5,43 2070,36 5,53 2021,34 5,69 1951,34
1245 4,93 2150,12 5,49 2070,76 5,59 2030,68 5,75 1960,68
1250 4,96 2159,98 5,55 2071,16 5,65 2040,02 5,81 1970,02
1255 5,24 2169,84 5,24 2082,56 5,34 2049,36 5,5 1979,36
1260 5,07 2179,7 5,17 2093,96 5,15 2058,7 5,31 1988,7
21 1265 5,14 2189,56 5,28 2099,66 5,27 2068,04 5,43 1998,04
1270 5,39 2199,42 5,39 2105,36 5,39 2077,38 5,55 2007,38

36
 1275 5,68 2209,28 5,5 2111,06 5,51 2086,72 5,67 2016,72
1280 5,58 2219,14 5,61 2116,76 5,63 2096,06 5,79 2026,06
1285 5,79 2229 5,72 2122,46 5,75 2105,4 5,91 2035,4
1290 5,56 2238,86 5,83 2128,16 5,87 2114,74 6,03 2044,74
1295 5,59 2248,72 5,94 2133,86 5,99 2119,93 6,15 2049,93
1300 5,62 2258,58 6,05 2139,56 6,11 2125,12 6,27 2055,12
1305 5,86 2268,44 6,16 2145,26 6,23 2130,31 6,39 2060,31
1310 5,97 2278,3 5,97 2150,96 6,35 2135,5 6,51 2065,5
1315 5,71 2288,16 5,83 2156,66 6,47 2140,69 6,63 2070,69
1320 6,13 2298,02 5,69 2162,36 6,59 2145,88 6,75 2075,88
1325 6,08 2307,88 5,88 2168,06 6,71 2151,07 6,87 2081,07
1330 6,07 2317,74 6,07 2173,76 6,83 2156,26 6,99 2086,26
1335 5,98 2327,6 5,98 2179,46 6,95 2161,45 7,11 2091,45
1340 5,98 2337,46 6,08 2185,16 7,07 2166,64 7,23 2096,64
1345 6,52 2347,32 6,52 2190,86 7,19 2171,83 7,35 2101,83
22
1350 6,4 2357,18 6,7 2196,56 7,31 2177,02 7,47 2107,02
1355 6,19 2367,04 6,89 2202,26 7,43 2182,21 7,59 2112,21
1360 6,32 2376,9 6,92 2207,96 7,55 2187,4 7,71 2117,4
1365 6,48 2386,76 7,08 2213,66 7,67 2192,59 7,83 2122,59
1370 6,63 2396,62 6,93 2219,36 7,79 2197,78 7,95 2127,78
1375 6,59 2406,48 6,79 2225,06 7,91 2202,97 8,07 2132,97
1380 6,89 2416,34 6,89 2230,76 8,03 2208,16 8,19 2138,16
1385 7,21 2426,2 7,21 2236,46 8,15 2213,35 8,31 2143,35
1390 6,63 2436,06 7,13 2242,16 8,27 2218,54 8,43 2148,54
1395 6,47 2445,92 7,47 2247,86 8,39 2223,73 8,55 2153,73
1400 6,59 2455,78 7,59 2253,56 8,51 2228,92 8,67 2158,92
1405 6,47 2465,64 7,71 2259,26 8,63 2234,11 8,79 2164,11
23
1410 6,25 2475,5 7,83 2264,96 8,75 2239,3 8,91 2169,3
1415 6,75 2485,36 7,95 2270,65 8,87 2244,49 9,03 2174,49
1420 6,7 2495,22 8,07 2276,34 8,99 2249,68 9,15 2179,68
1425 6,85 2505,08 8,19 2282,03 9,11 2254,87 9,27 2184,87
1430 6,9 2514,94 8,31 2287,72 9,23 2260,06 9,39 2190,06
1435 6,92 2524,8 8,43 2293,41 9,35 2265,25 9,51 2195,25
1440 6,97 2534,66 8,55 2299,1 9,47 2270,44 9,63 2200,44
1445 7 2544,52 8,67 2304,79 9,59 2275,63 9,75 2205,63
24
1450 7,1 2554,38 8,79 2310,48 9,71 2280,82 9,87 2210,82
1455 7,15 2564,24 8,15 2312,25 9,83 2286,01 9,99 2216,01

37
1460 7,15 2574,1 8,05 2314,02 9,95 2291,2 10,11 2221,2
1465 6,74 2583,96 8,08 2315,79 10,07 2296,39 10,23 2226,39
1470 6,65 2593,82 8,11 2317,56 10,19 2301,58 10,35 2231,58
1475 6,85 2603,68 8,14 2319,33 10,31 2306,77 10,47 2236,77
1480 6,89 2613,54 8,17 2321,1 10,43 2311,96 10,59 2241,96
1485 6,92 2623,4 8,2 2322,87 10,55 2317,15 10,71 2247,15
1490 7,02 2633,26 8,23 2324,64 10,67 2322,34 10,83 2252,34
1495 7 2643,12 8,26 2326,41 10,79 2324,53 10,95 2254,53

38