Physical Activity and

6 Leadership Training
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Leader
6.1 Leadership Qualities and Role of a
6.2 Creating Leadersthrough Physical Education
Adventure Sports (Rock Climbing, Trekking,
River Raftine
6.3 Meaning, Objectives and Types of Ang
Mountaineering, Surfing and Paragliding)
6.4 Safety Measures to Prevent Sports Injuries

There are various physical activities such as walking, running, climbing, gardenin
well as jovh
as
playing any game, dancing, yogic exercises, etc., which provide courage
the participants. Those individuals who take part in such physical activities get amab
opportunities to develop leadership qualities. It can be stated that such activities are helbtl
in providing leadership training.

6.1 LEADERSHIP QUALITIES AND ROLE OF A LEADER

It is a well-known fact that no two individuals are alike. There is always a degree of
difference among individuals in terms of quality, aptitude, skills, etc. These individual
differences force people to adopt the path of a leader or path of followers. Leadership has
existed from the beginning of evolution of human life. This feature can also be seen in
the world of lower animals. In fact, the upliftment of a society depends upon the qualit
of leadership available to it. The following definitions may be helpful to know the actial
meaning of leadership.
According to Montgomery, "The capacity and will to rally men and women toa commo"
purpose is called leadership."
According to La-Pierre and Farnoworth, Leadership is the behaviour that affects
behaviour of the people than their behaviour affects that
more
of the leader."
In simple words, 'leadership' may be defined as the quality of a to lead
the various facets of life.
person otne
Jesdershipi s
he ability to
intentionally
provide positive influences
sbPhers. The leaders should possess
e h a v i o u r so f
other
the hves aand on

leader must initiate an activity,

ollowers. AA lea qualities
that are sought for and admireud
under the group's needs, and carry
completion.
ivity to completi Thus, the leader is said
to
the the right path, act as a model for 'give the lead', make acceptabie
whow others and influence to work
SugE

g e t h
achievement of
e
in the
r
goal. people wOT
hip needed in every
protession. In the field of
1 ired to ensure continuous growth and physical education, leadersnp
vitality the profession. It is a critical
j o required

of
that leaders emerge rom among students
tuationthat
s i t u a ,

profession
the prof of physical education
now
preparing for this profession If
emerge,
will expand and
desrge, the profession of physical education
eaeders
prosper. But if leaders
do n o t e m e r g e ,
will deteriorate or become
D1eadership
lndeed,leadership is is the art of worse.
intluencing people to work together harmoniously in tne
of professional as well as personal
e c h i e v e m e

goals.
Qualities ofa Leader
There are some personal as well as professional qualities which are necessary for leadership
in the field of physical education. These qualities are mentioned below.
Fnergetic: To be energetic is necessary for a leader in the field of physical education.
In fact, it is the basic requirement for this profession.
9Friendliness and Affection: Friendliness and affection are also the necessary
qualities for a leader in this profession. These qualities are developed through
physical education programmes and Olympic Games, especially during training as
well as competitions.
3, Decisiveness: A leader in the field of physical education should be decisive. It means
he should have the ability to take decision spontaneously.
4. Technically Skilled: A leader in the field of physical education should be technically
skilled. He should be an expert in his discipline and specialisation.
5. Intelligent: A leader of physical education should have intelligence. In fact,
intelligence is the ability of an individual to find out the possible solution of various
complex problems. He/she should be able to find the simple solution to complex
problems. An intelligent leader of physical education can be a boon to this profession.
5.
Teaching Skill: A leader in this field should have deep knowledge of various teaching
skills. Now, physical education is taught in classroom as a subject. So, he/she should
De
Use
eicient in various teaching methods. Along with this, he/she should be able to
body language, gestures, expressions, etc.
Creative: A leader in the field of physical education should be creative. Such
le der can
produce new techniques or ideas, which are needed in the field of
physical education.
8.
Interest
erest in Research: It is a significant quality of a leader in the field of physical
in Rese
O n . He/She should have keen interest in research work. No profession can be
N e without appropriate research. In fact, this quality is the need of the hour.
days, many problems are confronting this profession. Solutions to such problems
Can be
sorted out through researcn.
 physical
education should have good
shouli

field of feeling
feeling of fatigue,
leader in the without any
Health: A duration

for longer
determinatic
9. Good work Dedication
and re vital qualj
can
leader
determination. H« elShe sh
d e t e r m i n a t i n i t a l

Such a Determination:
have firm
should
and also
10.
D e d i c a t i o n

profession.
He/She
He/she d
should also be devoted
leader in
this
worst
situations.

t
fora determined
to face
even

hi.
have
be education must
phvsiotor
nigh motor
profession.
Capacity:
A leader of physical
all the
components of physical
ts of
fitnes
tnes
High
Motor
should develop coordinative abilities
es.
11. he/she and
purpose flexibility
For this should respect
should respect.
strength,
speed,
endurance,

leader in
this profession
other peop
People: A
as respected.
not be
for Other h e / s h e will
12. Respect others, be social. HelS.

tolen must ha
does not respect
should
education
If he/she
the field physical
leader in of sympathy,
ation, tolerance
cooperation,
Social: A brotherhood,
leaderis justliko
13. like a
various social
qualities
honesty, etc.
Without
t h e s e qualities,
engn
nature,
patience,
14. Logical Decision-maker: A leader of physical education should be ahlaright
eto disey
tin
without petrol.
good decision-maker at i
also be a
He/She should
logically. injustice'.
the problems
that 'delay in justice is
know
He/She should
loyalty are signiticant qualities of a lat.
and Loyalty:
Morality and should be loyal to
his followers H
15. Morality education. He/She
in the field of
physical situation.
his/her morality
in any
should not forget is essential and integral to positiv
posit
Communication

16. Good
Communicator:
education a leader should be a a
physical
leadership. So, in the field of his/her views in a better wa,
communicator can express
communicator. A good process.
effective role in teaching and coaching
plays a very

Role of a Leader
various functions and
roles in the field of physical education whië
A leader has to perform
are described below.
foremost function is to structuret
Situation: The leader's
1. Structuring the actual situation by clartyu
members. He/She interprets the
situation for the group focuses on theg
aspects. Then, he/she
by emphasizing certain
ambiguities and may de
he/she must constantly strive for objectivity, or he/she
In doing this,
data. If group members accept his/herinterpreta
important facts and distort the
The leader of physical educau
then co-operative behaviour of group is possible. he/she inter
or competitions,
observes every situation minutely. In tournaments
situation to members of a team. He/She clarifies
doubts ana s
the complete
for his/her team. tries

2. Controlling Group Behaviour: The physical education leader alway i n t e r e s

minimise certain types of individual behaviour that may be against the e e rule
he

ofthe whole team. The leader enforces rules effectively. He/she enforces
l a y e rn t y
the group using rewards and punishments. He/She may warn the me player
of a team who demonstrates indiscipline. He/She may give rewardsIn this way.
performswell and proves himsel6herselfan asset to the team. In
leader of physical education controls the group behaviour.
 Spe the
akingfor Group: The leader
ak A ader must sensitive to theplays role of spokes man. He
leader be a

slating he group's feelings into emotions of other speaks for

others. Hen He speaks for tthe
g r O U

both words
and actions. should be skilful in
translat

for theGroup: The leader

group
plaahallshall acachieve its ends. This decides the
oup ways and means by which
and it is u n to the leader to determinecomprises both short and tne
andadwhat
1 part nart he/she would confide to a what part of the plan long nge planning
range
would he/she planning
nd w followers
the follow
the select few or to snar
planner, develop a
feeling that
none. Due to this
his role as
role
A
oroblems officiently. leader has every aspect in successful leader can solve a
effic A a

probiee.
pron
a policy.
It needs a thorough and
It
vivid
his/her mind while making a u
orPa
or
ofphysical i educa
education, the leader makes both knowledge to lay out a plan. In the pla
as long-term plans types of plans, i.e., short-termtield as well
ion of Plans: The leader may execute
he benefit ofI
of various plans, which he/she
for
and
the benefit his/her tollowers. Execution is
an construct
aims objectives of the group. It is said that 'well
and object important factor in achieving the
ecuted well, there can be good achievements later
are executed begun
egun is half
half done.
done'. So, ifit plans
plans
s to see that the objectives ot the group are put well on. A leader's's responsibility
into all the affairs,responsibillty
rnot. He/she does not poke his/her nose, but if in
execution
he/she does,
kMany valuable
plans become zero he/she becomes "bottle a

failure of a plan depends upon the wayif you

those are not executed well.
execute it. A leader
So, success
most efficiently.
He/she handles it with
great care.
executes a plan
Leader as Representative: Leader is the sole
representative of the group. In the
feld of sports, the leader speaks for the whole team. If the team faces any
the leader discusses the problem with authorities. problem.
He/she fights for the members of
the team. He/she is the main person who
goes forward to talk for the team.
1. Leader as a Controller of Internal
Relationship: All matters pertaining to
discipline of the group or team like rewards, warnings or, arbitration are all in
the hands of the leader. The internal differences
are settled by the leader.
makes every effort to raise the moral standard of the team. He/she
He/she takes decisions
either hisher own or with the help of others takes
member who is at fault. discipl1nary measures against a
8. Leader as an Exemplar: A leader insp1res the members of his/her
group or team
by his/her quotable examples. He/she sets top norms of conduct. character
and
idealism. He/she has all the qualities with1n himselfherself that he/she would like
toinculcate among other members of his/her team. The group unity is also enhanced
when leader
perform» his/her work whole-heartedly
S.2
CREATING LEADERS THROUGH PHYSICA EDUCATIoN
h o t be said that the future of physical education is very bright. In fact. the future of
n education depends on the quality of leadership. So. the leaders who are working
hPfession need to think about these qualities. The leaders of the future must have
w h e present-day leaders will have to inculcate appropriate qualities in the
Pualitie are entering in this profession. They should not concentrate on traditional
physicae time is changing fast, so we should use it optimally. The present-day leaders
eation should adopt the right path. In fact, time is ripe to change themselves.
 not foro.
uld not
We should
also follow
in the same
lines.
rodden path.
downtrodden
downtro
forget that
otherwise leaders will
the future leaders
the also to on the
the same
on
same

NC They will go
have minute observation powers.
have both types
of qualitie.
lities. i.e.. in
The lenders in of physical
education
sical education th
of physic. the
the field the programmes
lership can be c
qualities. Through successfully. So, leadership
qualitio
qualities and acquired
qualities can be ereated and
developed
up t o a large
extent. Regardin ereatedcrear
rding
physical education
programmes
in
opportunities are available in a
are
developed through education, ample nuni
lenders in the field of physical and schools.
of universities, institutes, colleges
and efficient
leaders in the eld of.
field of phys
effective
For creating or making
the following points.
education, stress must be laid on
in this area is to analyse
which leadership s 1
leadership skils
1. The foremost point for work which needs further develonm
the students and
as: nD
pment
already well developed among questions such as:
with the help of various
instructions clearly and ena
their current status
ry to know Do they communicate
have clear plan of activities? motivated. concentratin
lead? Are the students that they are leading
those they
and making progress
group of
students whose leadership skils
2. After that, identify the students or
have more students acti
whether you want to ctver
want to improve the most. Decide
want to give the chance to youngleade
involved in leadership activities or you
further improve their leadership skills. After that observe the signs of improvems
various sports competitions.
of their leadership skills in organising
mentioned below can be
3. For improving leadership skills some ofthe approaches
properly.
range of leadership
roles such as supervising and mansgns
(a) Offer students a
of different sports tesm
sports activities. They may be appointed captains
Give various responsibilities such as membership of various committees of
cial duties and ground preparation duties, supporting other students in the:
play, organising festivals and assisting teachers and coaches in running chis
and teams.
(b) Provide them some leadership courses. Make sure that any course you runleas
to an application of the knowledge, skill and understanding in a valuable omt
(c)Give them opportunities to continue developing their skills. Provide a rangt i
leadership opportunities that show progression in challenge and complexiy i
this way they can progress.

(d) Recogmise the leaders by giving them a cap, top or other uniform. This will x
force of motivation tor other students.
4. It is also necessary to have faith and confidence in students. Show them that
believe that they can improve their leadership skills.
5. Give them some rewards for showing improvement and give more responsibihts*
successful students.
6. The last but not the least step to improve leadership skills through physical educa
is to start again. Make proper analysis of successes and then look at the areas
ther
there for further improvement. Because it is a
are scope well known fact that t
is always room for improvement.
 6 . 3M E
NING, JECTIVES AND TYPES OF
Meaning Adventure Sports ADVENTURE SPORTS
RE SPORTS
ea are also
Ade
ure
sports
popularly known
e x t rreme sports. As a
fact matter of
adventure Sports are usually outdoor sports

vhich
involve intense and
8ometimes
reatening actions, which create
an
ros
adventurous
atmosphere. Individuals,
who
olved in adventure sports,
nature rather than
compete
ainst competing against
anotheriindividual. Adventure sports are
those
to
sports
which
related unlimited thrill,
are

ment, entertainment and adventure.

dividuals take part in such sports for passion
and enentertainment and due to strong urge Adventure sports
thrill
for thrill and adve
and
adventure. By taking part in adventure sports one can learn about oneself,
conquerthe fears and
r the fears inhibitions and have a sense of onesell,
not achievementt or success. These sports
just for fun but they have a number of benefits
Indeed, adventurous sports
arowide a sense of exhilaration, motivation and confidence.too.These
ioad their life in a better way. They are motivated and hence sports help participants
the various obstacles in life. the develop courage to face

Definitions of Adventure Sports

Adventurous sports are those sports that involve
extraordinary speed, scaling heights,
physical exertion and death-defying stunts. These sports include rock climbing,
mountaineering, rafting, scuba diving, trekking, base jumping, skiing, hang gliding,
paragliding, wind surfing, sky diving, kayaking, etc. The following definitions may be
helpful to know the clearcut meaning of adventure sports.
Adventure sports can be
defined as outdoor sports or activities in which the
participant
competes in a natural environment more against himself/herself than against others.
Adventure sports are defined as activities in which there is a high degree of risk to
tne participant. In fact, the definition of adventuresportsis embedded in its name. These
anwolve thrilling and adventurous, death-defying feats achieved with a sporting mindset.
Some of these sports require more athletic ability than others but it is a fact that all
auventure sports need a strong mental makeup.

Objectives of Adventure Sports

venture sports are often very challenging and up to some extent have objectives that are
erent from other types of sports. These sports have the following objectives.
To Develop Self Confidence: It is one of the main objectives of adventure sports.
with themselves
act, individuals who engage in adventure sports compete
and therefore have a great sense of achievement when they reach their goal.
these sports help
y overcome fear and experience thrill. In conclusion, to

develop self-confidence.
PHYSICAL AcTivITY AND LEADERSHIP TRaNING 99
 important
inmportant
m e v n t r a t i o n
is
another

ind.
obje
d m p n e t i o n : 1 build

p a n t i r i a t i n tin
adventure
sports
iegularly an

habits xtended
of extended dua.
t t erienes.
He usUN
derelopa
attent
abbimg
e Mlost of the nture sports
adventure

N e Honding
with
Nature:

ample
opporfunities
to
They form
e:
erience
bond.
tia
fN tfn
nhgive
partipants

p a r t i a n t avvnme
ehwer to
nature.

of
form

constant
aa
bonding
e T
ht ut
Rm 1he
nature is thus
a
esult
Nposurs
Thie unding
nith
A
Situations: Adventure sports povide
Odd p a r t i e i p a n t s to tace chal
C'hallengvs against
4T u that prepae traits also enhan
the
pUtee Rir devphping These sports
etieienty.
ntidentlyr and determunation.
t all dda with such situations with courage and
A i t i e s to denl
sports proVIde partieipants a positive.
ATu l'ae Abundant Rnergy: Adventure e n t h u s i a s m . Indeed. it

vhannelisatin rr theit
abundant energy and can e
Aewlt in such a wa is beneticisis
and enthusiasm
that the use uf abundant energy
4h
the holist develpment of participants
Exeitemet: It is alsO a vital obim
and
. T» P'hvvide Kxhilaration. Amusement exCitement,
recreation
exhilaration, amusement,
f aports to pnvide
adventue
eny ment to partivipants in adventure sports
anothe
ereativity in participants is
To Rnovuragv Creativity: To encourage
These sports allow and encourage creat
gtathwnt ohjertivve of adventure sports.
manoeuvres and in the stylish execution
the innorative development of new
exieting tevhniques
T o Develop Meutal and Physical Fitness: To develop mental and physicalitnes
of adventure sports. Such sports involve extreme titnes
impartant odjective
iN an ale
skills Par exaniple, climbing mountains requires the use of all the major musis

p s as well as nental sharpness.

T o Inuprove Sowial Relations. 1b improve social relations among the participazts
is another objective of adventure sports. Most of the sports such as hiking
tekking. eamping. mountaineering. river ratting and rock climbing prona
ample opportunities to forge social relations. During the participation in t
above-mentioned sports. qualities like cooperation, sympathy. helping tendear|
adjustment. group cohesion. unity. sincerity. patience, fraternity and tolerat
ae developed.
Types of Adventure Sports: Rock Climbing, Trekking, River Raftins|
Mountaineering, Surfing and Paragliding
The ditterent types of adventure sports are described below.
1. Rock Climbing: Rock elimbing is one of the most
dangerous sports activ
which requires a strong mental control. agility, flexibility, endurance and var
condinative abilities such as balance, coordination, reaction, ability, rhythm. *
ln tact. it is an activity in which participants climb on natural rock
on artitieial rock walls. The goal is to reach at the
formati
apex or of
summit a tort
 end point of a
or
the

ithout alling. predetermined

To
route

complete a climk imb, the successfully

participant m
the base must
sa
fely.
come
to

also organised in rockCompetitions

have climbing
are
competitio
These
ther to complete the pre-fixedobjective
in the minimum
time or to attainroute
on difficult
the
farthest point
farthe
routes. There
a r e fferent
types of climbing such
as
Aid
Aid climbing, Free climbing, Trad or
Traditional imbing, Sport climbinu.
Top rope climbing, Free soloing and
Bouldering. Prrk rimtitig,
2 Trekking: Trekking is an adventure
sDort. It 1s not an easy
task to do
trekking. Indeed, 1t needs a lot
of
courage and contidence
along with
A strong physique. A trek is a long
iourney on foot, especially in the
mountains. Trekking refers to making
the long and difficult the journey on
mountains for pleasure
sport. or
Trekking is a part of adventure
travel and expedition. The duration of
trekking can be as les8s as a day to over
a month. It depends on the
particular
region, personal interest and physical Trevking
fitness of participants. It is better to make trekking
trips in groups with appropriate
planning. Trekking is a beneficial adventurous activity for every individual. It
helpa
in building self-confidence. It improves the cardiovascular
aystem. It also improves
the general health condition.
Types of Trekking: There are following types of trekking.
(a) Easy Trekking: The individuals, especially the beginners, are offered eany
treks. There is no difficult climbing. It means there is no-climbing on high
altitudes. Such treks usually provide colourful visuals of the whole series of
mountain ranges.
(6) Moderate Trekking: Moderate treks are slightly difficult and challenging than
easy treks. For moderate trekking the participants or trekkers should be more
energetic. Such trekking is usually longer than roughly ten days of walking up
and down. It is usually arranged on slightly higher altitudes.
Strenuous Trekking: Strenuous trekking needs a lot of physical effort, energy
and determination. In such type of trekking some previous experience in mountain

101
 to high
altitudes
ascent
involve
These treks
WHlkingis roquired. climbing
(d) Difficult Trekking: Thiss o m e steep
type of trekking is suitable only for ype
real of trekking
involve
They also adve
O 0 0 m.

altitudes are
involved in this tyn. ntur
to high such treks
ch trcks as .

.Some
Some steep
ascents
endurance to complete
they
must have enough
participants
he more than one
month.
1ast approximately
is also
3. River Rafting: River rafting
one of the major
activities of adventure
sports
sports. It is a real thrilling
and swirling
activity. Indeed, bumping
over the rushing water spontaneously
makes river rafting a thrilling sport.
white
It is also popularly known as
River rafting became
water rafting.
the
popular adventure sport during
mid 1970s. It is a challenging sport. It
involves the of a raft for navigating
use

through rivers. There are several rafting River rafting

competitions which are held around the
world. River rafting provides a thrilling experience of riding through rough and
untamed water rush. The river rafting experience involves a complete detachmen
from the normal world. There are following grades of difficulty which indicate hou
demanding some paths of river may be.
Grade I: Very small areas, easy waves, mainly flat water. Generally it does nc
require any maneuvering. Beginners can enjoy this type of water
Grade II: Some rough water. There may be some rocks. It may require some
maneuvering.
Grade Ill: There may be difficult passages. Due to bubble, the water may look white
This type of water
may require significant maneuvering in the raft. At this level, pror
experience and strong paddling skills are required.
Grade IV: There may be large waves. There may be rocks.
Sharp maneuvers may
be required. This grade should not be attempted without
proper experience.
Grade V: It is extremely difficult level. There
may be large waves. Volume of water
may also be large. There may be large rocks. It needs
very precise maneuvering. Onr
the participants with advanced experience should
attempt it.
Grade VI: At this grade or level, rafters can
expect to face huge waves. This level
very tough which demands great physical and mental
toughness. At this level, there
may be injury or death. Successful completion of such level wiihout serious injury or
death is usually thought to be due to luck or
extraordinary skill.
4. Mountaineering: Mountaineering is another type of
all over the world. It is one of the finest outdoor adventurous
sports prevall ing

high
opportunities
places. It is about putting hands and feet onto rocks and available to the lover
a summit.
ice and finally reacni
 is an
adventurous
f o u n t a i n e e r i n

combines climbing and

ort that
hiking u mountains or mountain
hikin An individual who
t e r r a i n s

wishesto
toget volved in this sport needs
tremendous endurance
have

strength. experience and agility,

power. It may involve strong
m e n t a

normal
cky or snowy
environments. There
here
are
reasons
variou
most of the why
enthusiastic individuals take part in
enth

untaineering. Infact, it challenges

capabilities
individual's
and skills.
addition
In to this, it is also a
great way to be in the
Mountaineering
also considered
is
relaxation
lap of nature. Mountaineering
as a torm of
and
mountaineering is a strenuous and dangerous exercise. There is no doubt that
that it is worth undertaking to activity even then it is also thought
but
reaching the summit.
experience the sight of rare and wonderful views after
There are three basic forms of
climbing which depend on the track condition. The
first of them is rock climbing. This form of
next form of mountaineering is the snow and mountaineering involves rocky slopes. The
ice
involves routes with glaciers. The third form of climbing. is dangerous because it
It
rocky and snow routes which make it mountaineering combines both the
the most difficult of the three.
. Surfing: Surfing is an exciting water
sport in which a person rides waves,
usually in the ocean. People, in what
is now Hawaii, were surfing before
explorer Christopher Columbus,
sailed to the New World in 1492.
Today surfing is popular in many
COuntries, including Australia, Brazil,
France, Indonesia, Japan, Portugal,
Peru, South Africa and the United
States. Surfing
Al forms of surfing requires
exact
Aing and sharp reflexes to stay balanced. Surfers should also be able to anticipate
Iata breaking wave will do. There are nine aquatic activities that can be classified
kneels, sits, or stands on a board or sits in a
n g . In surfing, the surfer lies, wooden boards that were up to 18 feet
ak or canoe. Ancient Hawaiians surfed on made of a strong, light weight plastic
6.5 surfers use boards
tres long). Today
calle- polyurethane in fiber glass sealed
with resins.
C foam wrapped boards, while
called short
Generally, boards
thoe
those 7 feet and
metres) in length are
boards under 7 feet (2
boards. Short boards
are more popular today.
and called long
ATeet
over are and about 20 inches
A ty to 2 metres) long,
short board is 6 to 7 feet (1.8
A
 about 2, inches (6.4 centimetres) hick. weighs fr
thick. It
It .

Centimetres) wide, and

t o 8 pounds ( 2.7 to 3.6 kilograms).

of the board. Less experienced sC

stand at the front rs tend

Pxpert surfers tend at maintain better control. Skilled surfers may perfs perfoorm tep a
stand at the centre to
ave). such
wava
t h e tace of the
circular turns on
difficult m a n e u v e r s as 360's (complete

Many surfers train for surfing by running

body building and
on the beach,
high wave starts bod
wait until a
uilding
water and
surfing. To body surf, they enter the a scissors kick, spreading tho
mov
surfers do
towards the shore. Then the body
apart and bringing them together forcefully
in the direction ofthe shore. Bods leg
of balance and gives a knowledge of waves that is good for th
provides a sense

in all other aquatic surfing events.

Benefits of Surfing
Improves cardiovascular fitness.
Shoulder and back are strengthened.
Develops leg strength.
environment.
To spend time outdoors and enjoy the natural
A good outlet for stress and tension.
6. Paragliding: Paragliding is a
recreational and competitive
ndventure sport of flying paragliders:
lightweight, free-flying, foot-launched
glider aircraft with no rigid primary
Btructure. It is the closest for humans
to get the feeling of flying like a bird.
It is a fun, safe way to experience
flight in its simplest form.
A paraglider is a foot-launched, ram-
air, airfoil canopy, flown and landed
with no other energy than the wind,
gravity, and the pilot's muscle power. Paragliding
The entire paragliding set includes wing, harne88 and helmet. It weighs less than
20 kilos and easily fits into a backpack. Paragliders are restricted from flying above
18,000 foet.

6.4 SAFETY MEASURES TO PREVENT SPORTS INJURIES

Playing sports is beneficial for all the individuals. It has
physical, mental, social and
pAychological benefits. It can improve physical coordination, fitness, health, self-estr
Hlf-confidence, ete. However, children are always at-risk for sports injuries because
bodios nre still growing. They usually get injuries while playing sports and games. There
 ous
cea8ons for getting injured.
reasons

nd games too,
safety 18 Safcty
of sports and is
required
preventing injurEB. Infor
safety tips or methods forneces8ary
m a y .

s hb
e i e l d

for **"
h e r ea r e v a r i o u g

ed below:
preventing injuries.
preventing injuries in the field
a es t a .

of sports wn jch
1. Varm-up iss
Necessary Before Practice or
med up properly before
to be warmed
Training. For safety, it is
Ch regular practice
training. Stretching necesBAT
oD
he performed for appropriate
should
or
sports related injuries. warming up. It definitely exerui 18es

dy helps in prevenus
8 wdrated. The trainees
Be H y d r
should be
S
2
They should be encouraged to well-hydrated specially during the training
session. TTh
ses5
,

stay well-hydrated
before, during and after the training. It by drinking plenty
plenty of water
helps in
preventing sports
3. Always Wear Appropriate Sports Gear.
a Wea ports injuries.
injuries
3. For
rainees should always wear
the trainees she safety or preventing sports injuries,
oroperly fitting sportS gears appropriate
are
sports gears. Appropriate
essential to propriate sports gears
gears
niuries. Appropriate sports gears may be prevent or reduce the severty or
wrist guard, knee guard, elbow guard, ankle helmets, shin guards, mouth guards,
alao important. For this purpose, an braces, shoes, etc. Eye protection 1s
eye protective gear that is made
called polycarbonate should be used. As a
matter of fact,
from a plastic
nuipment with the right fit greatly reduces the risk of wearing the
right protective
Follow the Rules and Regulations of getting injured.
injuries, the rules and regulations of the the
Game Strictly. For
preventing sports
game /sports should be followed
fact, rules and regulations are not strictly. Inn
80 that everyone can enjoy the
restrictions, they are
designed to promote safety
game. For example, a late hit in
referee's whistle is blown leads to a big penalty. This rule is football after the
a player could be seriously really important because
injured if he or she is not expecting a tackle after play has
stopped.
5. Give Priority to Rest. Priority to rest should be given during the training sessions.
You should take rest if you are under fatigue because it can lead to sports injuries.
Sportspersons should also take at least one or two days off each week from
particular sport. any
6. Followa Good Diet. Always be sure you are
that gives you sufficient getting a well-balanced, nutritional diet
energy. Avoid supplements, which are not always
to be safe. guaranteed
Don't Play When You are Injured. If you love sports, it is
tempting to a bad
in the game, even after an injury. But playing when you are injured is get right back
idea.
t can lead to an even worse injury. You should
injured. not play when you are
OProper Supervision. If proper emphasis is laid down on the
Sround
supervision of play.
equipment, many injuries can be prevented. An adult can be appointed for
proper supervision.
9.
Proper Surface of Playground/Court/Field. A proper surface of playground/court
E 18 really a significant factor in reducing the risk and severity of injuries that
oualy occur when children fall from various sports equipment. The surface under
 to soften the i.

nd impact ota
enough
enough and thick
ahould be AOft
E playArUnd plavground AUrface ahould be
free of standing
water.
debris that
ehild's fall, The should not
be any dangerous
ous tha
hAy cURe ehildren to fall. Along
this, there
material
metal.
ihe brolken glaas or twiated appropriate consida
the risk of injuries,
P'roper knvironment. Por reducing
impact on participants. Som ration
ostpone train me
Someti
T environmental factors and their
I t De Miven to
or cold)) it
is best to postpone traini
hot
exlreme weather conditions (extreme
time but need more ntion
attention in or
n e t i t i o n . Puid balanwe is
important at any sOme
reminded to d
cwndition4, Specially young
children must be drink befor
WeAther
during And after training or competition.
F'ootwear. 'The type of footwear you
wear during c e r t a i n sports can ea
T, Pr0per
he ndded to the aufety equipnent list. The right running shoes can reduce the risk
of overue injuries.
1%. Equipment «hould be Designed According to Age. Sports equipment should k
not play on equipment desigod
deigned according to age. Younger children should
for older ehildren because tho equipment sizos and proportions won't be rightf
mall ehildron and this can load to an injury. Wooden equipment should not be
eraeking

Exarcisas