SLV METROPOLITAN

INDONESIA WEBINAR SERIES

Material Science for Welding Engineering

(JIP.WI01.002.01)
Agus Pramono

Welding Material & Metallurgy Specialist

 Content
• Introduction (Diagram of engineering material)
• Strukturmikro (Sel satuan – Kristal Fasa)
• Transformasi Fasa (Perubahan Sifat Mekanik)
• Distribusi Tegangan/Panas (Simulasi)
• Perlakuan Panas (Heat Treatment)
• Studi Kasus (Materials Analysis)

8th Professional Engineer Program Colloquium

 Welding Experience
Member
API

ToT
JWES
Certificartions
JWES (ToT)

IWE
JWES
 Experience - Research

8th Professional Engineer Program Colloquium

Hibah Kementrian Pertahanan UI – UNTIRTA Hibah Konsorsium Riset Ungglan Perguruan Tinggi (KRUPT)
Kontrak:NKB-1073/UN2.R3.1/HKP.05.00/2019.

8th Professional Engineer Program Colloquium

 Material property- charts: modulus - density
1000
Diagram of engineering material
Ceramics

100
Composites

Young’s modulus E, (GPa)

10 Woods

Metals

1
Foams
Polymers

0.1

Elastomers
0.01
0.1 1 10 100
Density (Mg/m3)
Properties materials depend on structuremicro is in materials

8th Professional Engineer Program Colloquium

 Crystalline lattice structure
Steel (at low temp.),
Ferritic stainless steel,
BCC
Ti (at high temp.)
BCC

Steel (at high temp.),

BCC
Austenitic stainless steel,
HCP Ti (at low temp.)
Al, Cu,...
FCC

8th Professional Engineer Program Colloquium

 Fe-C Phase diagram

Steel is an alloy
of Iron and carbon

Iron
Iron: C < 0.02%

Steel 0.02£ C £ 2.1%

Cast iron : 2.1% < C

8th Professional Engineer Program Colloquium

Phase transformation in cooling - I
Phase transformation in cooling - I
Pearlite (Composite of ferrite and cementite)
a Fe C
3
Phase transformation in cooling - II
 Dilatometry-II
Transformation

In heating
Ac1: a to g start Ac3: a to g finish

In cooling
Ar3: g to a start Ar1: g to a finish

In rapid cooling (quenching)

Ms: M start Mf: M finish

8th Professional Engineer Program Colloquium

Diffusion of carbon plays an important role in
phase transformation
 Microstructure of steels -I

Martensite Lower bainite

8th Professional Engineer Program Colloquium
 Microstructure of steels -II

Rolling direction
Upper bainite Ferrite and pearlite
8th Professional Engineer Program Colloquium
Heat treatment of steels
 Features
Features of steels
of steels
• As rolled steel (Ferrite –pearlite): Low strength, Low YR
• Normalized steel (Grain-refined ferrite-pearlite):Higher toughness
• TMCP-II steel (Grain-refined ferrite + low temperature transformation product): High strength and
toughness, low CE (better weldability)
• Quenched and tempered steel (Tempered martensite):
Highest strength, high YR, high CE

High strength steel

• Reduction of weight of structures
• Increase of production efficiency

Bridge, Building Structure, Ship Building, Offshore Structure, Storage tank, Pressure vessel,
Pipeline, Pen Stock, Submarine,……

8th Professional Engineer Program Colloquium

 Steels for specific purposes
Lamellar tear resistant steel
Steel for very high heat input welding
Fire resistant steel
Hot-dip galvanizing crack resistant steel
Atmospheric corrosion resistant steel (Weathering steel)

High temperature service steels (Boilers, PV)

JIS G3103 SB series (C, Mo),
JIS G3119 SBV, JIS G3120 SQV series (Mn-Mo, Mn-Mo-Ni),
JIS G4109 SCMV series (Cr-Mo: 1%Cr-9%Cr)
JIS G4110 SCMQ series (Cr-Mo-V-(W): 9-12%Cr)

8th Professional Engineer Program Colloquium

£ -160oC
Mild steels (JIS standard)
• General structure SS series (SS400, SS490, etc…)
• Welded structure SM series
• Building construction SN series ( Tensile strength )
n Steels for
• Welded structures SM series
YR (Yield Ratio)
n Steels for
Building
construction SN
series

Yield ratio = s Yield / s Tensile

High ratio decreases
the compliance of
structures such as
building .
Lamellar tear
Reduction of area, RAZ
in the thickness direction

Reduction of P & S in steel

Increase of RAz
n Steels for
• Building construction SN series
 Mechanical desktop simulation to get stress & Temperatures - distribution

Hardness and grain size of hybrid composite based CCF.

Times Hardness (VH10) Grain Size (µm)
Hybrid composite 1* (1 h - sinter) 167.07 2.66
Hybrid composite 2** (1 h - sinter) 229.21 2.66
Hybrid composite (1 h - sinter) 359.04 1.28
3*** Result of Autodesk fusion 360 simulation
Hybrid composite 1* (2 h - sinter) 239.86 2.66
1). hybrid composite: 80% HAp; 10% Al; 4% Mg; 3% Ti; 3% Cu.
Hybrid composite 2** (2 h - sinter) 349.21 2.65
Hybrid composite (2 h - sinter) 375.01 2.66
2). Mechanical Properties of Hybrid composite
3*** 3). Validation of flow stress used ANSYS 18.2 software

Finite Element Methods

8th Professional to getProgram
Engineer ideal parameter controls
Colloquium
 REFFERENCE
1. The Japan Welding Engineering Society(JWES), Outline of Chapter
MATERIALS AND THEIR BEHAVIOR DURING WELDING. 2012.
2. Agus Pramono, Diktat Kuliah Material dan Teknologi Komposit,
teori dan Aplikasi, Jurusan Metalurgi Fakultas Teknik Universotas
Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa.
3. Agus Pramono, Teaching Materials Subject. Cilegon, Banten:
Department of Metallurgy - Faculty of Engineering, University of
Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, 2018.
4. Agus Pramono, “Composites as a Future Technology Trend -
Theory and Application,” 2nd ed., Serang: Department of Metallurgy
Faculty of Engineering. University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, 2008.
5. Kommel, L., Kimmari, E. Composites Manufacturing and Recycling
Features Science (Medžiagotyra 12 (1) 2006: pp. 48 – 52.
6. Borisova, A.L., Borison, Y.S. Self-propagating High temperature
Synthesis for The Deposition of Thermal Sprayed Coating Powder
Metallurgy and Ceramic Journal 47 (1–2) 2008: pp. 80–94.
7. A. Pramono, “Innovation of Self High- Propagating Temperature
Shyntesis (SHS) Technology as Processing of Fish Bone for Hybrid
Composite Material Applications,” Cilegon, Banten, 2018.

8th Professional Engineer Program Colloquium

8th Professional Engineer Program Colloquium