EE330A: Tutorial 5

2018 - 19 Semester I
Question 1
With reference to Table A.3, find the inductive reactance of ACSR Rail conductors in Ω/𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
at 1𝑚𝑚 spacing.

Solution 1
From Table A.3, GMR of ACSR Rail conductor is 0.0386𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓. Values of Table A.3 refer to 60𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻.
The spacing between conductors is 𝐷𝐷 = 1𝑚𝑚, i.e. 3.28084𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓. Hence, inductance per phase is
𝐷𝐷
𝐿𝐿 = 2 × 10−7 ln � � 𝐻𝐻/𝑚𝑚 = 8.8852 × 10−7 𝐻𝐻/𝑚𝑚
𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺
Inductive reactance per phase is 𝑋𝑋𝑙𝑙 = 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 = 0.3349Ω/𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

Question 2
A three phase 60𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 line has its conductors arranged in a triangular formation so that two of
the distances between conductors are 25𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 and the third distance is 42𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓. The conductors
are ACSR Osprey. Determine the inductance and inductive reactance per phase per mile
using appropriate expressions. Verify the same by evaluating the inductive reactance from
Table A.3 and Table A.4.

Solution 2
From Table A.3, GMR of ACSR Osprey conductor is 0.0284𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓. Values of Table A.3 refer to
60𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻. The GMD for the given distance between conductors is
3
𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 = √25 × 25 × 42 = 29.7196𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
The inductance per phase is (1𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 1609.344𝑚𝑚)
𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺
𝐿𝐿 = 2 × 10−7 ln � � 𝐻𝐻/𝑚𝑚 = 1.3906 × 10−6 𝐻𝐻/𝑚𝑚 = 2.238𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚/𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺
Inductive reactance per phase is
𝑋𝑋𝑙𝑙 = 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 = 5.2426 × 10−6 Ω/𝑚𝑚 = 0.843709Ω/𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
From Table A.3, inductive reactance at 1𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 spacing for ACSR Osprey at 60𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 is 𝑋𝑋𝑎𝑎 =
0.432Ω/𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚. The inductive reactance spacing factor (from Table A.4) for ACSR Osprey at
60𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻, 29.7196𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 spacing through interpolation spacing is
𝑋𝑋𝑑𝑑 = 0.4086 + (0.4127 − 0.4086) × 0.7196 = 0.4116Ω/𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
Thus, inductive reactance per phase is 𝑋𝑋𝑙𝑙 = 𝑋𝑋𝑎𝑎 + 𝑋𝑋𝑑𝑑 = 0.8436Ω/𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 which is almost
same as value obtained earlier.

Question 3
Calculate the inductive reactance in Ω/𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 of a bundled 60𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 three phase line having three
ACSR Rail conductors per bundle with 45𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 spacing between conductors in a bundle. The
three phase line has flat horizontal spacing with 9𝑚𝑚 as distance between adjacent
conductors.

Solution 3
From Table A.3, GMR of ACSR Rail conductor is 0.0386𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓, i.e. 0.01176𝑚𝑚. Each phase of line
consists of three such bundled conductors with spacing between them as 45𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐, i.e. 0.45𝑚𝑚.
The effective GMR due to bundling is
3
𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 = √0.01176 × 0.45 × 0.45 = 0.13356𝑚𝑚
The GMD for the given distance between conductors is
3
𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 = √9 × 9 × 18 = 11.3393𝑚𝑚
The inductance per phase is (1𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 1609.344𝑚𝑚)
𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺
𝐿𝐿 = 2 × 10−7 ln � � 𝐻𝐻/𝑚𝑚 = 8.88296 × 10−7 𝐻𝐻/𝑚𝑚
𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺
Inductive reactance per phase is
𝑋𝑋𝑙𝑙 = 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 = 3.348796 × 10−4 Ω/𝑚𝑚 = 0.334879Ω/𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

Question 4
A three phase 60𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 line has flat horizontal spacing. The conductors have an outside
diameter of 3.28𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 with 12𝑚𝑚 distance between conductors. The conductors are
horizontally placed 20𝑚𝑚 above the ground. Calculate the capacitive reactance to neutral in
Ω if line length is 125𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚.

Solution 4

The GMD for the given distance between conductors is

3
𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 = √12 × 12 × 24 = 15.11905𝑚𝑚
The radius of each conductor is 𝑟𝑟 = 𝑑𝑑/2 = 0.0164𝑚𝑚. The direct distances between actual
and image conductors are ℎ1 = ℎ2 = ℎ3 = 40𝑚𝑚. The cross distances between actual and
2 2
image conductors are ℎ12 = ℎ23 = √122 + 402 = 41.7612𝑚𝑚 and ℎ13 = √242 + 402 =
46.6476𝑚𝑚. Hence, capacitance between each phase and neutral is
2𝜋𝜋𝜀𝜀0
𝐶𝐶𝑛𝑛 = 3 = 8.2423 × 10−12 𝐹𝐹/𝑚𝑚
𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 �ℎ 12 ℎ 23 ℎ 13
�ln � � − ln � 3 ��
𝑟𝑟 �ℎ 1 ℎ 2 ℎ 3
Capacitive reactance between each phase and neutral is
1
𝑋𝑋𝑐𝑐 = = 3.2182626 × 108 Ω𝑚𝑚
2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝐶𝐶𝑛𝑛
𝑋𝑋𝑐𝑐
For 125𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 long line, capacitive reactance is = 1599.78Ω
125×1609.344

Question 5
A 60𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 three phase transmission line is 175𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 long. It has a total series impedance of
(35 + 𝑗𝑗140)Ω and a shunt admittance of 𝑗𝑗930 × 10−6 Ω−1 . It delivers 40𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 at 220𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
with 90% power factor lagging. Find the voltage at the sending end by
a) short line approximation
b) nominal π approximation
Solution 5