Republic of the Philippines

Laguna State Polytechnic University

Province of Laguna

College of Hospitality Management and Tourism

CHMT SKILLS
COMPETITION 2022
QUIZ BEE

QUIZ BEE
Quizmaster: Mr. Jerome Fernandez
Assistant: Ms. Maxine Pielago and Ms. Desiree Cesario
Thru: Will be held Face-to-face
Participants: two (2) participants per team
Date and Time: July 13, 2022 – 1:00 pm
ROUNDS:
There will be 3 rounds namely EASY, AVERAGE, and DIFFICULT round that is
consisting of 10 questions for easy and average and 5 questions for difficult. (Clincher
round for ties)
TIME LIMIT:
The following are the allotted time for each round:
EASY ROUND – 20 seconds per question.
AVERAGE ROUND – 40 seconds per question.
DIFFICULT ROUND – 60 seconds per question.
CLINCHER ROUND – 30 seconds per question.

COVERAGE:
 MACRO PERSPECTIVE
 PHILIPPINE GEOGRAPHY
 RISK MANAGEMENT
 CURRENT EVENTS, CURRENT TRENDS AND SOCIAL ISSUES (LOCAL)

POINTING SYSTEM
EASY ROUND – (5 points per question)
AVERAGE ROUND – (10 points per question)
DIFFICULT ROUND – (15 points per question)
Note: Each student will have their individual point, which means the students in the same
team will not affect each other’s scores.

POINTING SYSTEM (RANKINGS)

The Highest points – 1st Place
The 2nd Highest points– 2nd Place
The 3rd Highest points – 3rd Place

Guidelines:
 The competition is for both tourism and hospitality students.
 Any year level for the participant is allowed--neither same nor different year level;
the decision will be up to the team.
 Reviewer will be provided by the committee.
 Every participant is expected to be on time as we will strictly follow the scheduled
time for the quiz proper.
 Wear proper attire during the competition, preferably the color of the team.
 Each participant will be provided with white board and marker.
 The Quizmaster will read each of the questions twice.
 All participants will have to wait for the signal from the quiz master before
answering the questions.
 When time is up, the participants will be asked to raise their boards or papers to
show their answers. Participants can only show up and bring down their boards or
papers upon instruction of the Quizmaster.
 Once caught cheating, disqualification of participants will take place.
THE MEANING AND IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM

The Relationship of Tourism and Hospitality

The tourism and hospitality industries strongly affect one another. Several
associations and industry leaders consider the combined industries of tourism and hospitality
as one large industry the tourism and hospitality industry. The components of this large
industry include: (1) food and beverage services, (2) lodging services, (3) recreation services,
and (4) travel-related (tourism) services. These components constitute the tourism and
hospitality network. “Network” means a complicated interconnection of parts or components.

Figure 1. The Tourism and Hospitality Network. https://slideplayer.com/slide/12617004/

The components of the tourism and hospitality network may be independent and
competitive businesses; yet, they are interrelated and interdependent. The interdependence
among the components is strong especially in those countries which rely on tourism and
hospitality network are constantly changing in connection with labor, opportunity, and growth,
the network will continue to dominate as a global industry.

The Food and Beverage Component

The public looks for food and beverage services everywhere- in hotels, motels, airlines,
airports, cruise ships, trains, and shopping mall. There must be food service available to them
for breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks. There are commercial restaurants that provide food
beverage services such as fast service
 restaurants, ethnic restaurants, and specialty restaurants. Aside from restaurants, taverns, bars,
kiosks, vending machines, supermarkets, food stalls, food carts, and food trucks now offer
food and beverage services.

Food service establishments are found in theme parks, in schools and colleges, in hospitals
and homes for senior citizens, in prisons and halfway houses, and in shelters for the homeless.

The Lodging Component

Lodging involves providing overnight or even long-term services to guests. For many
people, lodging is a place to sleep. For others, lodging facilities not only provide beds but also
entertainment and recreational facilities. Hence, the lodging industry component has begun to
accommodate several customer preferences- from budget motels to luxury hotels and
expensive resorts.

Lodging facilities such as inns, motor hotels, lodges, or motor inns are hotels and motels
that use different names. There are lodging establishments that use different terms such as bed
and breakfast, resort hotel, resort condominium, conference centre, and time-sharing. There are
lodging establishments that offer special facilities such as the ski lodges in Colorado and
casino hotels in Las Vegas and Atlantic City.

Campgrounds, transient trailer parks, school and college dormitories, summer camps, and
health spas also attend to the lodging needs of those who are away from home.

In other countries, there are lodging establishments such as the parador - an old Spanish
monastery or castle that was converted to a hotel; pension or pensione – a French or Italian
home in which guests are provided with a room and board; chateau – a French castle or
elegant country home used as a hotel; ryokan
– a Japanese inn in which traditional Figure 2. Ryokan.
https://images.app.goo.gl/41bGa5uo94JAV
7et5
customs are observed, and hostel- a
lodging facility in which inexpensive accommodations are provided to students and guests on a
non-profit basis.

Recreation and Entertainment Component

Entertainment originated from the traditional duties of a host to entertain his or her guests,
whether they are neighbors or travelers from other places. The host has always felt an
obligation to attend to the needs of his or her guests not only for food and beverages and
lodging, but also for entertainment.

Many centuries ago, innkeepers, tavern- keepers, and their descendants have attended to
their guests needs for entertainment by talking to their guests. Others told stories. Some
provided games such as darts, draughts, backgammon, or chess. Others employed jugglers and
travelling minstrels.

Nowadays, the concept of entertaining guests is broader. Guest are offered different kinds of
entertainment and recreational activities such as golf, tennis, hiking, boating, swimming,
handball, casino gambling and concerts.

Travel and Tourism Component

Travel and tourism are used together as an umbrella term to refer to those businesses that
provide primary services to travellers. These include not only food and beverage services,
lodging services, recreation, and entertainment services, but also transportation services, and
the services of travel agencies and tour operators.

Figure 3. https://images.app.goo.gl/XR1SpwVZdmHGdebw7

 Transportation

The main purpose of transportation is to make it possible for people to go from

one place to another. There are many ways to this, from the primitive and
simple to the modern and complex. The common means of transportation are
automobiles, recreational vehicles (RVs), buses, trains, ships, and airplanes.

 Travel Agencies and Tour Operators

Travel agencies and tour operators are modern additions to the travel and
tourism world. Both have become important in the survival of many businesses
in the tourism and hospitality industry.
A travel agent is one who sells travel services in a travel agency. He or she sells
 travel services that are assembled by others into “packages.” In the travel
business, a package is a bundle of related travel services offered to a buyer at a
single price.
Tour operators are wholesalers who make the necessary contacts with hotels,
airlines, and other providers of travel services and devise packages which will
appeal to retail buyers. They are volume purchasers who are able to negotiate
lower prices because of their high- volume purchases. They are able to sell tour
packages at a cheaper price than the individual consumer.

Definition of Tourism

The task of defining tourism is not as easy as it may appear. Since tourism is a
multidimensional phenomenon, it is difficult to describe. Attempts have been made in the past
to formulate a standard definition of tourism and tourist among countries throughout the world.

One of the first attempts to define tourism was that of Professors Hunziker and Krapf of
Berne Universirty, Switzerland. They defined tourism as the “sum of the phenomena and
relationship arising from the travel and stay of non- residents, insofar as they do not lead to
permanent residence and are not connected
to any earning activity.” This definition distinguishes tourism from migration, which
involves taking up permanent residence. Since it necessarily includes both travel and stay, it
excludes day tours.

The definition of the Tourism Society in Britain was: “Tourism is the temporary short-term
movement of people to destinations outside the places where they normally live and work and
their activities during their stay at these destinations.”

This definition was reformulated by the Tourism Society in Cardiff: “Tourism may be
defined in terms of particular activities selected by choice and undertaken outside the home
environment.”

Burkart and Medlik (1997) cited five main characteristics of tourism:

1. Because of its complexity, tourism is a combination of phenomena and relationships;

2. It has two essential elements: the dynamic element or the journey and the static element
or the stay;

3. The journey and stay are to- and- fro destinations outside the place of residence and
work;

4. The movement to destinations is temporary and short-term, with the intention to

return within a few days, weeks, or months; and

5. Destinations are visited for purposes not connected with paid work, that is, not to be
 employed and not for business or vocational reasons.

Tourism in the pure sense is essentially a pleasure activity in which money earned on
one’s abode is spent in places visited. In this sense, tourism represents a particular form of
leisure and a particular form of recreation but does not include all uses of leisure and all forms
of recreation. It includes much travel, but not all forms of travel. Tourism therefore, is
distinguished from the concepts of leisure and recreation on one hand, and from travel and
migration on the other hand.

Definition of Hospitality

The word “hospitality” is derived from the Latin word hospitare, which means “to receive as a
guest.” This phrase implies that a host is prepared to meet a guest’s basic requirements while
the guest is a way from home. The
requirements of a guest in these circumstances are food, beverages, lodging, or shelter.

Several related words come from the same Latin root, including hospital, hospice and
hostel. In each of these words, the principal meaning is a host who receives welcomes, and
caters to the needs of people who are temporarily away from their homes.

Meaning of Tourist

In 1937, the League of Nations defined “tourist” as follows:

“A tourist is a person who visits a country other than that in which he

or she usually resides for a period of at least 24hours.”

Figure 4. https://images.app.goo.gl/eLedNiuNGEHrbBfPA

This was held to include persons travelling for pleasure, domestic reasons or health, persons
travelling to meetings or on business, and persons visiting a country on a cruise vessel even if
 for less than 24hours.

In 1963, a United Nations Conference on International Travel and Tourism recommended a

new definition of a “visitor” as “any person visiting a country other than that of earning
money.” This definition covers two classes of visitors:
a. Tourists - Temporary visitors staying at least 24 hours, whose purpose could be
classified as: Leisure, such as recreation, holiday, health, study, religion, or
sport;
b. Business;
c. Family;
d. Mission; and
e. Meeting;
2. Excursionists - Temporary visitors staying less than 24 hours in the destination visited
and not making an overnight stay, including cruise travelers, but excluding travelers in
transit.
At present, most countries of the world accept the definitions of visitor, tourist, and
excursionist that evolved out of the UN Conference on International Travel and
Tourism held in Rome in 1963.

Elements of Travel

Four basic elements have been used as criteria for defining, travelers and/or tourists. These are:
distance, length of stay at the destination, residence of the traveler, and purpose of travel.

A. Distance- what must be considered under distance is the difference between local travel
or travelling within a person’s home community and nonlocal travel or traveling away
from home. It excludes commuting to and from work and change in residence.
A measure that has been used to distinguished travel away from home is the distance
traveled on a trip. A trip is defined as “each time a person goes to a place at least 100
miles away from home and returns.” Travelers, on this basis, are individuals who travel
at least 100 miles in one direction from home. This definition may be applied in
measuring travel by the residents of a country.

B. Length of Stay at the Destination- the second basic element of travel used as a criteria
for defining travelers is the length of stay at a destination. The definition of tourists and
excursionists as proposed by the WTO is largely based on length of stay. Tourists are
temporary visitors who make at least one overnight stay, while excursionists are
temporary visitors who do not stay overnight in the country that they visit.

Residence of the Travel- the residence or origin of the traveler is the third basic element of
travel. For business and research purposes, it is important to know where people live.

D. Purpose of Travel- the fourth basic element is the purpose of travel. It

can be divided into seven:
1. Visiting friends and relatives;
 2. Conventions, seminars, and meetings;
3. Business;
4. Outdoor recreation- hunting, fishing, boating, and camping;
5. Entertainment-sightseeing, theater, and sports;
6. Personal- family, medical, funeral, wedding; and
7. Others.

The Nature of a Tour

To analyze the nature of tour systematically, it will be helpful to understand the difference
between domestic and international tourism, as well as independent and package tour.

Domestic tourism refers to travel taken exclusively within the national boundaries of the
traveler’s country. People find it easy to do so because there are no language, currency, nor
documentation barriers.

International tourism involves the movement of people across international boundaries. It is

more difficult to travel outside one’s country because the country visited has a different
language, currency, and documentation requirements, such as passports, visas, and other
conditions of entry to be met by tourist.

A package tour, sometimes called inclusive tour, is an arrangement in which transport and
accommodation is brought by the tourists at an all-inclusive price and the price of the
individual elements cannot be determined by the tourist. The tour operator who organizes the
package tour purchases transport and hotel accommodation in advance, usually obtaining these
at a lower price because he or she is buying them in bulk. He or she then sells the tours
individually to tourists direct or through travel agents. On the other hand, an independent tour
is an arrangement in which the tourist buys these facilities separately, either making
reservations in advance through a travel agent or en route during his or her tour.

Tourists purchasing package tours may do so on basic of either individual or

group travel. An independent inclusive tour is one in which the tourist travels to his or her
destination individually, while in the group inclusive tour, he or

The Tourist Product

In a narrow sense, the tourist product consists of what the tourist buys. In a wider sense, the
tourist product is a combination of what the tourist does at the destination and the services he
or she uses during his or her stay.

Characteristics of a Tourist Product:

1. It is a service. It is an intangible term. It cannot be inspected by prospective purchasers

before they buy as they can with a washing machine, a stereo, or other consumer
 goods. The purchase of a package tour involves a high degree of trust on the part of the
buyer.

2. It is largely psychological in its attraction. It is more than a collection of services such

as an aircraft seat and a hotel room. It is the temporary use of a strange environment
plus the culture and heritage of the region and other intangible benefits such as
atmosphere and hospitality.

3. It tends to vary in standard and quality over time unlike the production of a television
set. A package tour cannot be consistently of equal standard. A bumpy flight can
change an enjoyable experience into a nightmare; a good room in a hotel may be
spoiled by poor food; and a holiday at the seaside can be destroyed by a prolonged
rainy spell.

4. The supply of the products is fixed. The number of hotel rooms available at a particular
resort cannot be changed to meet the changing demands of tourists during a particular
season. The unsold hotel room or aircraft seat cannot be stored for another sale as is the
case with tangible products. Thus, great efforts are made to fill hotel rooms and aircraft
by discounting the prices of these products at the last time.

The Tourist Destination

The tourist destination is a geographical unit where the tourist visits and stays. It may be a
village, a town, a city, a district, a region, an island, a country or a continent. The success of a
tourist destination depends upon the interrelationship of three basic factors: attractions, amenities
or facilities, and accessibility.

Attractions may be site and event

attractions. A site attraction is one in which the destination itself has appeal, while an event
attraction is one in which tourist are drawn to the destination solely because of what is taking
place there. A site attraction may be a country, a geographical region such as the Alps, a city, or
a resort such as Boracay. Event
attractions include congresses, Figure 5. Rio Carnival, an example of event
attraction.
exhibitions, festivals such as the Ati- https://images.app.goo.gl/eLedNiuNGEHrbBfPA
Atihan Festival, and sports events such as the
Olympic Games.

Attractions may also be natural or man-made. Natural attractions include mountains, beaches,
and climatic features such as sunshine and pure air. Man- made attractions include buildings
of historical or architectural interest such as Fort Santiago, holiday camps, or theme parks such
as Disneyland in Los Angeles, USA.

Amenities or facilities include accommodation, food, local transport, communications, and

entertainment at the site. However attractive a destination, its potential for tourism will be
 limited unless the basic amenities which a tourist requires are provided. Amenities will differ
according to the attraction of the site. Sometimes, the amenity is itself the principal attraction
as in the case when a resort hotel is built to offer different kinds of entertainment in a
previously undeveloped region.

Accessibility means having regular and convenience of transport in terms of time/distance to

the destination from the originating country at a reasonable price. If private transport is to be
the means of access, tourism flow will depend upon adequate roads, gasoline stations, and the
like. Good railways and coach services, airports, and seaports are designed to facilities
accessibility.

Characteristics of Tourism and Hospitality

Tourism and hospitality has special characteristics which make it different from other
industries.

1. In tourism and hospitality, the product is not brought to the consumer, the consumer has
to travel and go to product to purchase it. In other

1. Contribution to the balance of payments. Tourism and hospitality can help correct
the balance of payments and deficits of many countries by earning the much-
needed foreign currency in international trade. Example of countries in which the
tourism and hospitality industry has helped reduce the deficits are Spain, Mexico,
Philippines, Thailand, Hongkong, and Singapore.
2. Dispersion of development. International tourism and hospitality is the best means
to spread wealth among countries; thus, bridging the economic gap between the
rich and the poor nations.
3. Effect on general economic development. Expenditures by tourists can have
beneficial effects on all economic sectors and can lead to the development of
different industries and other economic activities.
4. Employment opportunities. Tourism and hospitality is a source of employment. It is
a service industry, which could have a significant effect on those countries with
surplus labor such as the Philippines. For countries where there is a high rate of
unemployment and underemployment, tourism and hospitality can provide a ready
solution.
5. Social benefits. Social exchange takes place when tourists come in contact with the
inhabitants of the places they visit. Their social background and their presence
affect the social structure and way of life of the local residents. In the same way,
tourist are also affected by experience so that they often carry with them new habits
and new outlook on life when they return home.
6. Cultural enrichment. Tourism and hospitality emphasizes a sharing and
appreciation of cultures rather than the lack of trust brought about by isolation.
Through tourism and hospitality, we can appreciate the rich human and cultural
diversity that the world offers and evolve a mutual trust and respect for one another
and the dignity of life on earth. Likewise, tourism and hospitality contributes to the
 preservation and Figure 7.
https://images.app.goo.gl/NQkyyugJopSWs6ey9
development of the word’scultural heritage. It encourages governments to preserve
historical sites and monuments and motivate indigenous groups to preserve their
heritage in the form of dance, music and artifacts.
7. Educational significance. Tourism and hospitality enhances one’s educational
international conferences, seminars, and study trips held each year enable people of
all nations to exchange ideas, propose solutions to problems, and share their
concerns. They provide up-to- date information for enhancing the knowledge and
skills required for the development of the tourism and hospitality industry.
8. A vital force for peace. A properly designed and development tourism and
hospitality can help bridge the psychological and cultural distances that separate
people of different races, colors, religions, and stages of social and economic
development. In facilitating more genuine social relationships among individuals,
tourism and hospitality can help overcome prejudice and foster international
brotherhood and world understanding. Thus, tourism and hospitality can become a
real force for world peace.

HISTORY OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY

Early Tourism

Travel and exploration are basic to human nature. Man has traveled since the earliest times
although the term tourism was used only in the 19th century. ‘Tourism’ is derived from the
Hebrew world torah which means studying, learning, or searching.

Tourism can trace its ancestry in the Old Testaments. Noah with his Ark must have been the
first large-scale operator even though his passengers were mostly animals. There are numerous
references to caravans and traders in the Old Testaments.

Early tourism has two forms:

1. Travel for business such as trading

Figure 8. The ancient Sumerians. https://images.app.goo.gl/WmEZgfuDQgWJ5Lbk9

 Sumerians invented money, writing, and wheel that facilitated travel and exchange
of goods.
 Phoenicians toured the Mediterranean as traders.
 Greeks and the Romans were well-known traders and as their perspective empires
increased, travel became necessary.
 Olympic Games held in Olympia, Greece in 776 BC by the Greeks as well as the
rich Romans for enjoyment and to visit friends and relatives
 The Roman traveler was largely aided by improvement in communications, first-
class roads, and inns (forerunners of modern hotels).
 Mutations or stables are in between distances of six miles were where horses could
be changed. They are equivalent of the present gasoline stations.

2. Religious travel

Figure 9. Chaucer’s tale of pilgrimage to Canterbury.

https://images.app.goo.gl/hcaBVKjzcYYagveg6

Travel for religious reasons took the form of pilgrimages to places of worship such as
Chaucer’s tale of pilgrimage to Canterbury. Pilgrimages were made to fulfill a vow as in case
of illness or of great danger or as penance for sins. Besides Rome and Jerusalem, St. James of
 Galicia was the foremost destination of English pilgrims in the 14th century. Beginning in
1388, English pilgrims were required to obtain and carry permits, the forerunner for the
modern passport.

Tourism in the Medieval Period

During the medieval period, travel declined. Travel, derived from the word travail, become
burdensome, dangerous, and demanding during this time. After the decline of the Roman
Empire in the 5th century, roads were not maintained, and they became unsafe. Thieves
inflicted harm on those who dared to travel. No one during this time traveled for pleasure.
Crusaders and pilgrims were the only ones who traveled.

Tourism During the Renaissance and Elizabeth Eras

With the Renaissance, a few renowned universities developed so that travel for education was
introduced largely by the British. Travel for education become a popular in the 16th century.
Under Elizabeth I, young men seeking positions in court were encouraged to travel to the
continent to widen their education. This practice was gradually adopted by others in the lower
social scale. In time, it became recognized that the education of a gentleman should be
completed by a “Grand Tour” of the cultural centers of the continent which lasted for three
years.

The term was used as early as 1670. While

apparently educational, the appeal https://images.app.goo.gl/zdB9NwQqr7Ekm
became Figure 10.

social. Pleasure-seeking young men of leisure

traveled predominantly through France and Italy to enjoy the cultures and social life in Europe,
with Venice, Florence, and Paris as the key attractions. By the end

Tourism During the Industrial Revolution

The industrial revolution brought about major changes in the scale and type of tourism
development. It brought about not only technological changes, but also essential social changes
that made travel desirable as a recreational activity. The increase in productivity, regular
employment, and growing urbanization gave more people the motivation and opportunity to go
on a holiday. The emerging middle class combined higher incomes and growing education into
annual holidays. To escape from their responsibilities and the crowded city environment, they
traveled to the countryside or seashore for their holidays. This led to the creation of working-
class resorts near major industrial centers.

Modern Tourism

Tourism in the 19th Century

 Two technological developments in the early part of the 19th century had a great effect on the
growth of tourism. These were the introduction of the railway and the development of steam
power. The railroads created not only more business by providing reliable and cheap
transportation, but also more competition as various private companies invested heavily in
hotels, resorts, and entertainment facilities.

Thus, tourism was transformed from a small business catering to the elite into the start of mass
market, that is, travel by a large number of individuals.

Tourism in the 20th Century

At the beginning of the 20th century, pleasure travel continued to expand encouraged by the
increasing wealth, curiosity, and outgoing attitudes of the people as well as the increasing ease of
such movement.

Pioneers in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry

There are several outstanding individuals who have made a significant contribution to the
growth and development of the tourism and hospitality industry.

Cesar Ritz

Cesar Ritz became the general manager of the Savoy Hotel in London, one of the most famous
and luxurious hotels in the world. He made the hotel a cultural center for high society. The
Ritz name is synonymous with refined, elegant hotels and service. At present, the Ritz-Carlton
hotels bear his name.

Ellsworth Milton Statler

Ellsworth Milton Statler is considered to be the premier hotel-man of all time. He brought a
high standard of comfort and convenience to the middle-class traveler at an affordable price. He
was the first to put telephones and radios in every guest’s room together with full-length
mirrors, built in closets and a special faucet for ice water.
Figure 19.
https://images.app.goo.gl/L
CmDBG44rny4bQcs5
Conrad Hilton

Conrad Hilton was once recognized as “the biggest hotel man in the world” he was described
by the New York times as the “master of hotel finance” he was careful not to over-finance and
had a flawless sense of timing. In 1954, he formed the first major chain of American Hotels- a
group of hotels which allowed standard operating procedures.
Figure 20. The Conrad Hilton Hotel.
 https://images.app.goo.gl/E5ne51pvwL
mb a4PG9

Thomas Cook

Thomas Cook is recognized as the first professional travel agent. He was the founder of the
world’s first travel agency. He is credited fir making world travel possible for the middle
class. The phrase “cook’s tour” is still used at present to refer to a tour that goes to many
places and stops briefly at each place. He is also the father of tourism

Howard Dearing Johnson

Howard Dearing Johnson was the pioneer of brand leveraging. He was one of the first to
introduce franchising in the 1930s. at presents, Howard Johnsons is one of the famous names
in the restaurant and hotel business.

J. Willard Marriott

J. Willard Marriott founded the Marriott Corporation which has continued to be an important
asset to the Hospitality Industry. Through his strong faith and determination, J. Williard
Marriott began with a rootbeer stand which was founded by necessarily and built it into a
multibillion-dollar industry.

Ray Kroc Figure 22. J.W. Marriot.

https://images.app.goo.gl/
R4kApyB8DVBNH6wH7
Ray Kroc has been the most
financially successful of all hospitality entrepreneurs. He founded the McDonald’s
Corporation, a multibillion- dollar industry, through his strong dedication, organizational
skills, perseverance, and incredible aptitude for marketing. Kroc Developed several
operational guidelines such as Quality Service Cleanliness and Value or QSC&V. Kroc’s
motto, “Never be idle a moment” was also incorporated into the business.
Figure 23.
https://images.app.goo.gl/d6go
XjKmiqk4fFdb8

Isadore Sharp
Isadore Sharp, a first-generation Canadian was the founder of Four Seasons Regent Hotels, the
world’s largest hotel chain and a multibillion-dollar global hotel empire. The success of the
Four Seasons Regent Hotels is largely due to the drive, determination and personal taste and
style of Isadore Sharp.
Natural Hazard
 A natural hazard is an extreme event that occurs naturally and causes harm to the human
or to the other things that we care about, though usually, the focus is on human.

 A volcanic eruption is another example of natural hazard that could become a natural
disaster if it would bring death and injuries to the people and damages to the property in
infrastructures.
 Typhoon is an example of natural hazard that could turn into disaster when it would bring
great devastation to the lives of people and destruction of property.

Civil or political Hazard

 The hazard being confronted by investors, corporations, and government brought about
by the political decisions maybe considered as political hazards.
 On the other hand, civil hazard caused by circumstances in the society that could vastly
affect the society as a whole.

 Sex tourism as one example of civil hazard, though considered as significant in boosting
the tourism industry in one country, is not much given tolerance in a conservative
country, like Philippines.
 Undoubtedly, there is a hazard in sex tourism as it could lead to violence and sexually
communicable diseases like herpes and AIDS. The same is true for drug tourism.

 In the tourism industry, the hazard of westernization or culture of erosion is eminent.

 This hazard arises when there is cultural modification of an individual, group, or people
by adapting the traits from another culture.
 Because of our desire to make foreigners feel they are at home, the locals tend to copy the
culture of the foreigners, causing a loss of Filipino identity.

Trade barriers – are the regulations or policies that would restrict international trade like
customs, tariffs, quotas, and other.

2. Taxes are the bread and butter of the government – Without taxes, the government cannot
survive. People must pay taxes so that the government would have something for quality services
to the people, building of government infrastructure, and the like.

3. The legislation is the process of giving effect to a proposal or policy everybody’s observance –
it could be national legislation which could effect the entire country or local legislation which is
applicable only to specific localities.

Regulation of the tourism industry is subject to legislation.

Ex. National legislation -Sin tax on liquor and cigarettes.
Local Legislation – liquor ban, observance of curfew ban, littering ordinances.
4. Administration – the ability to manage plus the political will are essentials to the proper
administration of any agencies for the effective and efficient service to the people.

 Political instability of a country – could vastly affect the tourism of the country. There
are instances wherein the governments in the international community would issue travel
advisory in line with political instability of the country wherein their local most likely
like to go to.
Ex. Riots, terrorism, coup d’etat, insurrection, declaration of martial law, placing the country
under the state of national emergency.

Biological Hazards
 Which pertain to biological substances that stance a danger to the health of the living
organism, chiefly humans.
 It is also known as biohazard, this may include substances prejudicial to others animals, it
may also include samples of microorganism, virus or toxin that can effect the health of
human.

Two essential risk concepts:

1. Inherent risk – refers to the exposure arising from a specific risk before an action is to be
made by a risk manager.
2. Residual risk - refers to the exposure arising from a specific risk after risk manager has
made any, and in case such actions has proven useful.

Ilocos Norte
Pamulinawen - (February 10) in honor of St. William , the celebration features floral and street
dancing parade.
Ilocos Sur
Longganisa Festival; showcases the longganisa delicacy of Vigan
Tobacco Festival – showcases the major industry of Candon City
La Union
Buy- buy Festival -showcases the major produce of Burgis , La Union ,
Buy-buy- is also known as tiger grass.
Pangasinan
Dagupan Bangus Festival – showcases the major product of Dagupan,
the milkfish or Bangus.
Binongey Festival – showcases the traditional rice cake cooked in bamboo using direct firing.

Batanes
Ivatan Festival – previously called the Payuhan Festival , it features the unique practice in
Batanes of voluntary working for others as one community.
Cagayan
Longganisa Festival; showcases the longganisa delicacy of Vigan
Tobacco Festival – showcases the major industry of Candon City
Isabela
Baka Festival- in honor of their patron saint Pablo , this festival aimed to showcase and promote
the local cattle industry of the town of San Pablo.
Binalay Festival -showcases the binallay , a white cake that locals usually eat during Holy Week.
Binnandagan Festival or Palay Festival – a thanksgiving celebration for bountiful harvest.

Nueva Vizcaya
Grand Ammungan Festival – showcases the convergence of indigenous culture of Nueva
Vizcaya.
Citrus Festival – a thanksgiving celebration for the bountiful harvest of citrus in the town of
Kasibu.
Quirino
Quirino Motorismo- dubbed as the only motor biking festival in the country.
Panagdadapun Festival – celebration of the founding anniversary of the province.

Ivatan – possessed unique skills to be resilient with weather conditions of typhoon and drought
in Batanes. They are also known for their oral traditions such as lyric songs (lagi), working
songs(kalusan) and legends (kabbata)
Ibanag – People of the river
Itawes – means people across the river.
Ilocano- make up the third largest ethnolinguistic group in the Philippines.
A. Major Industries
Crop are rice , corn and tobacco. Fishing is prevalent in the coast of Cagayan ., Isabela, Batanes
and Magat Dam

CENTRAL LUZON REGION – Region 3

This is the largest plain and rice-producing in the Philippines dubbed as the Rice Granary of the
Philippines . The constitution of the Philippine Independence was written in Malolos , Bulacan
and the biggest international airport is being planned in Clark, Pampanga. Its regional capital in
San Fernando City, Pampanga

Aurora
Aurora Surfing Cup -an annual surfing competion held in Baler
Aurora Foundation Day – celebration of the founding anniversary of Aurora
Sabutang Festival- features the palm trees and its economic importance to the town of
San Luis in Aurora .
Bataan
Pawikan Festival – organized to increase awareness on the importance of protecting the
endangered pawikan especially the baby Olive Ridley turtles-the smallest in the world.
Bulacan
Obando Fertility Dance – in honor of Sta. Clara de Asis.
Nueva Ecija
Taong Putik Festival -originated a unique practice of the devotees of St. John the Baptist.
Pampanga
Giant Lantern Festival – held every Saturday before Christmas Day.
Philippine International Hot Air Balloon Festival – the biggest gathering of hot air
balloon in Asia.
Tarlac
Balenismo Festival – showcases the Belen-related cottage industry of the province by
preserving the religious and traditional importance of Belen during the Chirstmas season .
Zambales
Mango Festival – celebration of the bountiful harvest of mangoes and other agricultural
products of the province.
Subic Karakoa Festival – in honor of the warship called Karakoa built by the Pintados tribe
in Subic Zambales.
A. Major Cultural Groups
Aeta,Ayta, Ita, Ati – are believed by some to derive from the Malay bitam meaning “ black “
Aetas – are people with a dark complexion , short, small of frame , kinky haired , snub noseand
with big black eyes.
Kapampangan -is one of the largest ethnic groups of the country occupying plains and marshes
of the Pampanga River
Tagalog-is considered as the largest of the Philippine ethic groups concentrated along Metro
Manila , Rizal , Laguna , Cavite Batangas , Bulacan and Nueva Ecija .
Ilocano- make up the third largest ethnolinguistic group in the Philippines

Rich in culture , heritage and tradition , the CALABARZON Region takes pride in its many
attraction that date back to the Spanish era. It is home to many cultural and scenic attractions that
attracts many locals to spend a day or two in any of the provinces of Cavite, Laguna, Batangas ,
Rizal , and Quezon. Its regional capital is Calamba City , Laguna.

Batangas
Sublian Festival – a two -week long festival in honor of the town’s patron Sto. Nino in Batangas
City .
Parada ng Lechon- to showcase their delicacy -lechon or roasted pig.
Lomi Festival – held in Lipa City to showcase their delicacy , Lomi.
Cavite
Kalayaan Festival – a provincial wide celebration of the Philippine Independence.
Sumilang Festival – held in Silang , Cavite to celebrate the agricultural sector of the town.
Tinapa Festival – showcase and promote the Tinapang Salinas of Rosario Cavite
Laguna
Pandan Festivl – a week long celebration to showcase the Pandan crop and products in Lusiana ,
Laguna
Coconut Festival- to showcase the main source of products , the coconut .
Bangkero Festival -it is to celebrate and honor the bangkeros of the renowned Pagsanjan Falls
Gat Tayaw Tsinelas Festival – it is to celebrate and support the industry of the Footwear Capital
of the Philippines.
Pinya Festival – to showcase the delicious and sweet local pineapple in Calauan.
Festival of Lights – to celebrate the Christmas season and to attract tourists to visit San Pablo.

Quezon
Pahiyas Festival- to honor the patron saint of farmers, San Isidro Labrador.
Niyogyugan Festival -in celebration of the bountiful harvest of coconut.
Tay – Tsinoy Festival – part of the Chinese New Year celebration of Tayabense people.
Mayohan Festival- the version of Pahiyas festival of Tayabas , Quezon
Rizal
Higantes Festival – showcases the pageantry of giant paper figures.
Santacruzan – or Flores de Mayo , is also celebrated in the church of Antipolo .
Sikaran Festival – celebrated to showcase and promote the traditional and local martial arts
called Sikaran .

Marinduque
Moriones Festival -the most popular and unique cultural event depicting Jesus Christ’s
passion and death . Its highlight is the promenade of grotesque “morions” or colorful masked
Roman soldiers around the town.
Occidental Mindoro
Dugoy Festival – to promote and celebrate the Dugoy spirit of camaraderie among the
people of Sablayan by showcasing street parades and street dancing.
Oriental Mindoro
MIMAROPA Festival – showcase to share the products and services of the provinces
of the MIMAROPA Region .
Bahaghari Festival a thanks giving festival for the guidance that He has given to their
ancestors when they were traveling to Mindoro and encountered a terrible storm.
Palawan
Baragatan sa Palawan – celebration of the foundation of the civil government of
Palawan.
Kulambo Festival – celebrated by the town of El Nido that features parade and street
dancing of townspeople wearing kulambo or mosquito net.
Romblon
Biniray Festival – a fluvial parade in the sea to celebrate the Santo Niňo , the image
of Holy Child Jesus Christ.
Albay
Magayon Festival – showcases the cultural heritage , trade and tourist attractions of
Albay beyond the majestic Mt. Mayon.
Tabak Festival in celebration of the Tabaco city’s founding anniversary.
Sarung Banggi Festival -showcases the cultural and religious activities to pay tribute to
its composer , Potenciano Gregorio
Camarines Norte
Pabirik Festival – depicts the gold mining industry in the province.
Mercedes Fish-tival – a thanksgiving festival of the fishers for bountiful fishing endeavors.
Camarines Sur
Feast of our Lady of Peňafrancia – a religious festival in honor of Our Lady of Peňafrancia ,
the Patrones of Bicol
Catanduanes
Catandungan Padayaw Festival – a showcase of the pride and dignity of each town through its
costume and dance.
Masbate
Rodeo Masbateňo-showcase a local cowboys in the western style rodeo event.
Sorsogon
Butanding Festival- a thanksgiving festival for the blessings that Butanding give to the people of
Donsol.
Pili Festival – showcase pili as the primary indigenous crop of Sorsogon.
Western Visayas Region – Region 6
The Western Visayas Region is the home o to some of the beautiful beaches in the world
including the world-famous Boracay. The region’s tourism potential has been recognized
globally and given the necessary infrastructure with the presence of two international airports .
Iloilo city is it regional capital .

Aklan
Ati-atihan Festival – rhythmic street dancing to the beat of ambulant ethnic troubadours in honor
and celebrate the feast day of Sto. Niňo. One of the most popular celebration in Visaya.
Antique
Bibiray Festival- showcases the sounds and rhythm uniquely Antiqueňo to commemorate the
landing of 10 Malay Datus in the province to set-up the first Malayan settlement in the country
Capiz
CAPIZtahan!- commemorates the funding anniversary of the provincial government of Capiz.
Guimaras
Manggahan Festival -thanksgiving celebration to celebrate the abundant harvest of Mangoes
in the province and also showcase its various products.
Iloilo
Dinagyang Festival – a colorful cavalcade in honor of the Child Jesus ; the province version
of Ati-atihan Festival.
Negros Occidental
MassKara Festival – dubbed as the festival of smiles in a celebration of positive outlook and
culture of the people of Negros Occidental manifested in their contagious smiles.

Bohol
Sandugo Festival -commemoration of blood compact of Datu Sikatuna and Miguel Lopez de
Legaspi ; a month long festival that showcases cultural shows and agro -industrial fairs.
Cebu
Sinulog Festival – one of the most popular festivals of the Philippines in honor of Seňor
Sto.Niňo.
Siquijor
Solili Festival – known as the highlight of the Araw ng Siquijor celebration to reminisce the
tradition in Lazi , Siquijor and pay tribute to the newly wed couples.
Negros Oriental
Tawo-tawo Festival – also known as scarecrow festival

Biliran
Ibid Festival – showcases the playful stance of lizards locally known as ibid which is found by
the river from which the town of Caibiran got its name .
Eastern Samar
Lechon Festival – features the delicious lechon or roasted pigs by parading it in a creative way.
Leyte
Lubi-lubi Festival – showcases the cultural presentation to emphasis the significance of coconut
trees to the life of the people of Calubian.
Pintados -Kasadyaan Festival – includes the Pinatados Festival dance presentation and the
pagrayak grand parade to celebrate the feast day of Seňor Sto. Niňo.
Northern Samar
Bankaton Festival – features a sailboat race as its main event to showcase bangkas used by fisher
folks as their main source of livelihood.
Samar
Alimango Festival – to promote the crab industry of the town of Sta.Margarita , the festival
features the courtship dance between female and male alimango.
Southern Leyte
Ajonay Festival – a celebration of local cultures to call for unity and cooperation of the
community .
Karomata Festival – a cultural celebration depicting the role of the farmers and their way of life .
Manha-on Festival – a cultural presentation of dances and chants accompanied by improvised
bamboo percussion instruments.

Zamboanga del Norte

Buklod Festival – a thanksgiving festival of the Subanen where religious rituals and rites
are done .
Zamboanga Del Sur
Megayon Festival – annual celebration of the founding anniversary of the province.

Zamboanga Sibugay
Sibug -Sibug Festival – oysters in Zamboanga Sibugay is dubbed as the “most delicious , juiciest
,meatiest , and biggest oysters. The local hold the Sibug-Sibug Festival to celebrate the oyster
industry .
Zamboanga City
Regatta de Zamboanga – it is a highlight of Zamboanga Hermosa Festival where colorful vintas
are set to race.

Bukidnon
Kaamulan Festival-it is an thenic cultural festival held annually in Malybalay City, Bukidnon
Misamis Oriental
Kagayan Festival – it features street dancing competition and trade fairs.
Hudyaka Festival – it is a week-long celebration featuring agro-industrial fair, sports , concerts
and cultural shows
Misamis Occidental
Pas’ungko S’g Mis Occ Festival- it commemorates the founding anniversary of the province.
Lanao del Norte
Alimango Festival – it is a colorful festival in the town of Lala in the province of Lanao del
Norte . The festival also promotes and enhances a community -based development and
sustainable tourism.
Camiguin
Lanzones Festival – a two-days grand festival composed of agri-cottages industry products in
exhibits, barangay beautification, indigenous sports , display of local culture, and the grand
parade Lanzones.

Compostela Valley
Kaimonan Festival -thanksgiving of a bountiful harvest.
Diwanag Festival – in celebration of Christmas season , the festival showcases different
Christmas lights decoration.
Dapugan Festival- a gathering to celebrate the abundance of coastal resources of the town of
Mabini.
Fruit Festival – a thanksgiving celebration for the bountiful harvest by showcasing each town’s
most known products.
Davao City
Kadayawan Festival- a celebration of life and serenity of living, and a thanksgiving for bountiful
harvest.
Araw ng Dabaw - commemoration of the founding anniversary of Davao City . -the largest city
in Mindanao .

Davao del Norte

Banana Festival- commemorates the founding anniversary of Tagum City by showcasing its
biggest economic contributor-banana products.
Davao del Sur
Bansaulog Festival – to commemorate the foundation day of Bansalan , Davao del Sur ;
showcases the agricultural products of the town.
Davao Oriental
Mango Festival -showcases the abundance of mangoes in the town of San Isidro.
Davao Occidental
Ginaway Festival – to preserve and showcase the old cultural practice of the indigenous
Tagacaolo tribe that comprises the 80% of the population of Malita , Davao Occidental.

South Cotabato
T’nalak Festival – to showcase the pride of South Cotabato , the art of weaving T’nalak.
Kulitangtang Festival – to showcase the clay pots and ceramics made my local artisans and
craftsmen of Tantangan , South Cotabato.
Cotabato
 Timpupo Festival – annual celebration during the month of August of the city of Kidapawan
that features cultural shows , parade of local fruits products , exhibits and street dancing.
Kawayan Festival – showcases lechon sa kawayan , bamboo exhibits, cultural shows , and
various sports events.

Sultan Kudarat
Kalimudan Festival- celebrating the unity amidst diversity of the Manobos , Tirurays , and
the T’bolisof Sultan Kudarat.
Talakudong Festival – showcases kudong or the traditional head covering worn by the early
settlers of Sultan Kudarat . The highlights of the festival are the street dancing competition and
the reenactment of the giving of the golden Kudong by Christian settlers of the Sultan of Buluan
for peace and prosperity.

Sarangani
Sarangani Bay Festival -to promote the preservation of Sarangani Bay , various activities
were held such as beach sports events ,water sports , mangrove planting , and coastal clean-up .
General Santos
Tuna Festival – to showcase the world’s famous product, tuna.

Abrenian Kawayan Festival – showcase of Bamboo as he major product in Abra.

Apayao
Say-am Festival – a thanksgiving festival for bountiful harvest
Benguet
Strawberry Festival -a showcase of the iconic product of Benguet , strawberries.
Panagbenga Festival- a celebration of the season of different variety of flowers.
Ifugao
Imbayah Festival -annual wooden scooter racing event.
Gotad Ad Festival -showcase of their old cultures and tradition.

Kalinga
Matagoan Festival -cultural festival showcasing cultural practices of the eight sub-tribes of
Tabuk .
Mountain Province
Lang-ay Cultural Festival – a cultural celebration showcasing the culture and tradition of the
province through their tribal dances and song.
Caloocan City
Pajotan de Sto. Niňo Festival – a grand procession in honor of Sto. Niňo.
City of Manila
Feast of the black Nazarene –(Jan. 9) a day long mammoth procession of the miraculous image
of Black Nazarene ; attended by thousands of devotees.
Philippine International Arts Festival –( February) a month long showcase of Philippine Culture
and Arts
Chinese New Year Festival – the grandest celebration to welcome the Chinese Lunar New Year
in the oldest Chinatown in the world.
Las Piňas City
Bamboo Organ Festival (3rd Week of Feb) an international festival showcase the famous bamboo
organ.
Water Lily Festival – (3rd of July ) to promote livelihood opportunities from the abundance of
water lilies in the city.
Makati City
Linggo ng Kasuotang Pilipino- (3rd week of September) a showcase of the traditional Filipino
attire in a special fashion show.
Malabon City
Luglugan Pancit Malabon- (Dec.10) a culinary festival showcasing pancit Malabon
Mandaluyong
Lavandero Festival (November) a street dancing parade to pasy tribute to the laundrymen and
women of the city.
Marikina City
Sapatos Festival – (Sept to Dec) aims to revitalizing the city’s shoe industry .
International Philippine Marathon- ( Feb.24) an annual event that advocates the rehabilitation of
Marikina River through a marathon event from Marikina River Park to Quirino Grandstand in
Manila.
Muntinlupa City
Banhayan Festival – am annual thanksgiving celebration for the patron “ Impong
Kulas “ de Tolentino
Navotas City
Pangisdaan Festival ( Jan 11-16) a celebration of the city’s fishing industry.
Paraňaque
Nuestra Seňora del Buensuceso -an annual celebration of the canonization of Nuestra Sra. Del
Buensuceso , patroness of the city .
Pasay City
International Pyromusical Olympics -an annual event that puts on a spectacle mof lights and
colors tuned to the beat of music staged by the world’s leading pyrotechnic experts.
Metro Manila Film Fest – a grand parade of floats of the different film entries to the annual
Metro Manila Film Fest.
Pasig City
Itik-itik Festival – in honor to the patron saint , Sta. Martha , that also features itik cuisines.
Nagsabado – a re-enactment of the revolutionary action against the Spaniards led by Valentine
Cruz and Andres Bonifacio in 1896which happens to fall on a Saturday , hence, called
Nagsabado .
Quezon City
Anniversary of Cry of Pugad Lawin -another historical event celebrated annually with a flag-
raising and a wreath -laying ceremony followed by a civic parade and program.
Philippine International Arts Festival- a month-long showcase of Philippine culture and arts.
San Juan City
Wattah! Wattah! San Juan Festival – in celebration of the feast of the patron saint of the city, St.
John the Baptist, it is highlighted by joyful basaan(water dousing).
Taguig City
Sta. Anang Banak Taguig River Festival – a fluvial parade in honor pf the town patroness, St.
Anne.
Valenzuela City
Mano Po San Roque Festival – a street dancing and precession in commemoration of the feast of
San Roque,
Basilan
Lami- Lamihan Festival – showcases the traditional Yakan customs , traditions and crafts.
Lanao del Sur
Kalilang Festival – to commemorate the charter anniversary of Marawi City.
Maguindanao
Shariff Kabunsuan Festival – a commemoration of the arrival of an Arab – Malay missionary
from Malaysia in the 16th century . It is a celebration significant to the whole of Muslim
Mindanao .
Sulu
Vinta Festival – a grand showcase of the vintas , the traditional boats that define the culture and
identity of the Bajaos.
Tawi-Tawi
Seaweed Festival – also called Agal-agal Festival, it is a thanksgiving celebration of a good
harvest of carrageen seaweed.
A. Major Cultural Groups
Tausug means “people of the current “ tau” refers to person , and “Suug” is the old name of
Jolo.
B. Languages and Dialects
English , Visayan and Chavacano are widely spoken in ARMM. Other dialects spoken in the
region include Banguingui , Mindanao , Visayan , Maranao , Tausug , Yakan , Sama ,
Chavacano , Cebuano , Sinama and English .
Travel Trivia
Siangkai , found in Tawi-tawi is a quaint water village and is often considered as the
“Venice of the South”

LIST OF SECRETARIES OF TOURISM

# Name Term Began Term Ended President

1 Jose Aspiras May 11, 1973 February 25, 1986 Ferdinand Marcos

2 Jose Antonio Gonzales February 26, 1986 April 14, 1989 Corazon Aquino

3 Narzalina Lim April 15, 1989 June 7, 1989

4 Peter Garrucho June 8, 1989 January 8, 1991

5 Rafael Alunan III January 9, 1991 February 16, 1992

September 10,
6 Narzalina Lim February 17, 1992
1992

September 11,
7 Vicente Carlos July 3, 1995
1992

Fidel V. Ramos
8 Eduardo Pilapil July 4, 1995 March 28, 1996

9 Evelyn B. Pantig March 29, 1996 April 7, 1996

1
Mina Gabor April 8, 1996 June 30, 1998
0

1
Gemma Cruz-Araneta July 1, 1998 January 19, 2001 Joseph Ejercito Estrada
1

1 Gloria Macapagal
Richard J. Gordon January 20, 2001 January 4, 2004
2 Arroyo

1
Robert Dean Barbers January 5, 2004 February 25, 2004
3

1
Roberto Pagdanganan February 26, 2004 August 31, 2004
4

1 Evelyn B. Pantig September 1, November 29,

5 2004 2004
 1 November 30,
Joseph Ace Durano June 30, 2010
6 2004

1
Alberto Lim June 30, 2010 August 12, 2011
7
Benigno S. Aquino III
1 September 1,
Ramon Jimenez, Jr. June 30, 2016
8 2011

1
Wanda Tulfo Teo June 30, 2016 May 8, 2018
9
Rodrigo Roa Duterte
2 Bernadette Romulo-
May 11, 2018 June 30, 2022
0 Puyat

2 Christina Garcia- Ferdinand R. Marcos

June 30, 2022 Present
1 Frasco[4] Jr.

TOP 10 LARGEST CRUISE SHIPS IN 2022

The world witnessed what was never thought of, i.e. complete halt of the cruise business.
However, the cruise shipping companies are doing everything in their power to sustain these
tough times, and the industry is expected to come back at the earliest with some of the largest
and most technologically advanced cruise ships in the year 2022.

1. Wonder of the Seas

The Wonder of the Seas is the world’s largest cruise ship owned by Royal Caribbean
International. It was delivered in January 2022. The 1,188 feet long vessel will start operations
from March 2022. It is the fifth vessel in Royal Caribbean’s Oasis-class of cruise ships. This
floating civilization can accommodate 6,988 passengers in addition to 2,300 crew members. The
wonder of the seas is equipped with 4 bow thrusters, with 7500 Horsepower each. This ship can
reach cruising speeds upto 22 knots.
2. Symphony Of the Seas
The Symphony of the Seas is the second-largest cruise ship in the world. She held the top spot
until she was beaten by her sister ship “Wonder of the Sea”. The giant cruise ship has 228,081
gross registered tons, measures 238 feet tall and spans 361.011 meters long.

3. Harmony of the Seas

Royal Caribbean’s Oasis-Class vessel, Harmony of the Seas follows closely behind her sister
ship. It is built by STX France at its Saint-Nazaire shipyard, the third vessel in the “Oasis-Class”
series, Harmony of the Seas, was delivered in May 2016.

4. Allure of the Seas

Another 362m-long Oasis-class cruise ship, Allure of the Seas, stands fourth after her sister
vessel on the list.
Built at the STX Europe shipyards in Turku, Finland, Allure of the Seas is the second Royal
Caribbean cruise ship in the Oasis-class series. At one point, she was the largest passenger ship
in service.

The vessel has a gross tonnage of 225,282GT, a height of 72m and a maximum beam of 60.5m.

Delivered in October 2010, Allure of the Seas has the capacity to house 5,400 passengers at
double occupancy. Features of the luxurious cruise ship include a two-deck dance hall, a theatre
with 1,380 seats, an ice skating rink, a concierge club and spa, and fitness facilities, among
others.

5. Oasis of the Seas

Oasis of the Seas, the first vessel in the Oasis-class cruise ships of Royal Caribbean, was the
largest cruise ship when it entered the service in 2009. She is the fifth largest cruise ship in the
world. All top 5 spots are held by Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines.

Ordered in February 2006, the vessel was launched from STX Europe’s Turku Shipyard in 2008,
marking the entry of new class vessels in the fleet of Royal Caribbean International.

Oasis of the Seas measures 361.6m in overall length, 72m in height above the waterline and
22.55m in depth, while it has a gross tonnage of 225,282.

6. Costa Smeralda 
Named after the Emerald Coast of Sardinia, the Costa Smeralda is a technologically advanced
LNG-powered Cruise ship operated by Italian Cruise line Costa Cruises.

It is the largest cruise ship commissioned by Costa Cruises with 185,100GT measuring 337 m in
length and 42 m in width. It can carry a maximum of 6554 passengers and 1646 crew members.

7. P&O Iona
Another LNG-powered cruise ship from the house of P&O Cruises, Iona, was supposed to start
its operation in May 2020. However, its delivery got delayed due to the Coronavirus pandemic,
and the P&O cruise finally received it only in October 2020.

8. AIDA Nova
AIDAnova by AIDA Cruises is the world’s first cruise ship that can be powered at sea and in
port by liquefied natural gas (LNG). It is currently the 8th largest ship in the world.

The AIDAnova has over 2,600 passenger cabins, with a gross tonnage of about 183,900 GT, a
length of 337 meters, and a width of 42 meters. AIDAnova is the first ship of the so-called
Helios class that MEYER WERFT builds for the cruise line AIDA CRUISES.

9. MSC Grandiosa
MSC Grandiosa, launched in November 2019, is a Meraviglia Plus – Class cruise ship, i.e. it is
bigger than its predecessor MSC Meraviglia, which was launched in 2017.

It is operated by MSC cruises, and this new flagship is 331 meters long (16 meters longer than
MSC Meraviglia). With 181, 541 GT, it can carry a maximum of 6334 passengers in its 2421
cabins. In addition, it has the largest capacity shopping area inside the cruise ship.

MSC Grandiosa resumed its operation on 24th Jan 2021 from Genova in the Mediterranean
route.

10. Carnival Mardi Grass

Mardi Grass is a 180,000 Gross Tonnage LNG powered cruise ship operated by the world’s
largest cruise ship operator – Carnival Cruise Lines and is currently the 10th largest cruise ship
in the world.

Built by Meuer Turku Shipyard amid the pandemic, it was delivered in December 2020.

Tourism is now considering the largest and the fastest industry in the world. It can bring
substantial economic benefits, translated into businesses and employment opportunities for the
people of the community.

PINE APPLE is the symbol of hospitality industry as warm welcoming the guest in the industry
TORCH/TORAH is a symbol of tourism industry it means studying, learning and searching.

The Department of Tourism shall be the central planning,

programming, coordinating, implementing and government
regulatory agency in the development and promotion of the
Tourism Industry, both domestic and international in coordination
with attached agencies and other government instrumentalities

Laguna Tourism Culture Arts and Trade Office (LTCATO

Is the Tourism Governing Body of the Province of Laguna.
They are responsible for the promotion of destinations sites,
showcasing culture, tradition as well the arts and trading of the
product of the Province

The Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority

(TIEZA), formerly the Philippine Tourism Authority (Filipino:
Pangasiwaang Pilipino sa Turismo), is an agency of the
Philippine national government under the Department of
Tourism responsible for implementing policies and programs of
the department pertaining to the development, promotion, and
supervision of tourism projects in the Philippines.

The Tourism Promotions Board (TPB) exists to market and

promote the Philippines domestically and internationally as a world-class
tourism and MICE destination, in strategic partnership with private and public
stakeholders to deliver a unique high-value experience for visitors,
significantly contributing to increased arrivals, receipts and investments to the
country.

Duty Free Philippines (DFP) is a world-class travel retailer providing

local and international travelers an efficient and service oriented
environment for their shopping needs and pleasure. Showcasing not only
prestigious brands and high-quality international brands, DFP also remained committed to
showcasing not only Filipino products but Filipino traits of warmth and hospitality as well.

Amelia Mary Earhart was an American aviation pioneer and writer. Earhart was the first female
aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean.

PAL's first female pilot, Ma. Aurora "Aimee" Carandang, flew for the first time as a full-
fledged captain on a Fokker 50 flight from Manila to Baguio.

Ellen Church became the world's first stewardess on May 15, 1930. Born in 1904 in Cresco,
Iowa, Church knew from an early age that she wanted to fly. After graduating from high school,
Church earned a degree in nursing from the University of Minnesota in 1926.

Tracy Edwards, a 24-year-old cook on charter boats, who became the skipper of the first ever
all-female crew to enter the Whitbread Round the World Race in 1989.