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 INDEX

1.TYPES OF SET
2. OPERATIONS (ADDITION, SUBTRACTION, MULTIPLICATION, DIVISION,
POTENCIATION, RADICATION.

3. ORDER OPERATIONS
4. BASIC PROPERTIES FO NUMBERS
5. EXPONENT
6. RADICAL
7. PRIME AND COMPOSITE
8. LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE / GREAT COMMON FACTOR
9.FRACTION
10. BASIC OPERATION WITH DECIMALS
11. ROUNDING NUMBERS
12. PERCENTAGE
13. MEASURING SYSTEM
14. GEOMETRY
15. TRIANGLE
16. CIRCLE AND CIRCUMFERENCE
17. STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

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 LESSON #1
Types of a Set

Sets can be classified into many types. Some of which are finite, infinite, subset,
universal, proper, singleton set, etc.

Finite Set
A set which contains a definite number of elements is called a finite set.
Example − S = { x | x ∈ N and 70 > x > 50 }

Infinite Set
A set which contains infinite number of elements is called an infinite set.
Example − S = { x | x ∈ N and x > 10 }

Subset
A set X is a subset of set Y (Written as X ⊆ Y) if every element of X is an element
of set Y.
Example 1 − Let, X = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 } and Y = { 1, 2 }. Here set Y is a subset
of set X as all the elements of set Y is in set X. Hence, we can write Y ⊆ X.
Example 2 − Let, X = { 1, 2, 3 } and Y = { 1, 2, 3 }. Here set Y is a subset (Not
a proper subset) of set X as all the elements of set Y is in set X. Hence, we
can write Y ⊆ X.

Proper Subset
The term “proper subset” can be defined as “subset of but not equal to”. A Set X is
a proper subset of set Y (Written as X ⊂ Y ) if every element of X is an element of
set Y and $|X| < |Y|.
Example − Let, X = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 } and Y = { 1, 2 }. Here set Y ⊂ X since all
elements in X are contained in X too and X has at least one element is more
than set Y.

Universal Set
It is a collection of all elements in a particular context or application. All the sets in
that context or application are essentially subsets of this universal set. Universal
sets are represented as U.
Example − We may define U as the set of all animals on earth. In this case,
set of all mammals is a subset of U, set of all fishes is a subset of U, set of all
insects is a subset of U, and so on.

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Empty Set or Null Set
An empty set contains no elements. It is denoted by ∅. As the number of elements
in an empty set is finite, empty set is a finite set. The cardinality of empty set or null
set is zero.
Example − S = { x | x ∈ N and 7 < x < 8 } = ∅

Singleton Set or Unit Set

Singleton set or unit set contains only one element. A singleton set is denoted by
{ s }.
Example − S = { x | x ∈ N, 7 < x < 9 } = { 8 }

Equal Set
If two sets contain the same elements they are said to be equal.
Example − If A = { 1, 2, 6 } and B = { 6, 1, 2 }, they are equal as every element
of set A is an element of set B and every element of set B is an element of set
A.

Equivalent Set
If the cardinalities of two sets are same, they are called equivalent sets.
Example − If A = {1, 2, 6} and B = {16, 17, 22}, they are equivalent as
cardinality of A is equal to the cardinality of B. i.e. |A| = |B| = 3

Overlapping Set
Two sets that have at least one common element are called overlapping sets.
In case of overlapping sets −

 N (A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) – n (A ∩ B)

 N (A ∪ B) = n (A - B) + n (B - A) + n (A ∩ B)

 n(A) = n (A - B) + n (A ∩ B)

 n(B) = n (B - A) + n (A ∩ B)
Example − Let, A = {1, 2, 6} and B = {6, 12, 42}. There is a common element ‘6’,
hence these sets are overlapping sets.

Disjoint Set
Two sets A and B are called disjoint sets if they do not have even one element in
common. Therefore, disjoint sets have the following properties.

 N (A ∩ B) = ∅

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  N (A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B)
Example − Let, A = {1, 2, 6} and B = {7, 9, 14}, there is not a single common
element, hence these sets are overlapping.

VIDEOS OF THE THEME

English: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jt-S9J947C8
Spanish: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rbflk0RwhSs

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WORKSHEET

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 LESSON #2

Addition video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mAvuom42NyY&t=12s

Subtraction video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=apRK3uYnUMI
Multiplication video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RVYwunbpMHA
Division video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HdU_rf7eMTI
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 LESSON #3
ORDER OF OPERATIONS

Order of operation video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dAgfnK528RA

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 LESSON #4

Properties videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zUshc277Pg8

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 LESSON #5
Important facts about exponents for grade 5
To identify base and exponent, you simply need to note the basic format of
exponent and base, written for example as 34,
Wherein, 4 is the exponent or number of times 3 will be multiplied;
While 3 is the base or number being multiplied by itself       →       3 x 3 x 3 x 3 =
81
Why are exponents essential skills in math and in real life?
Mastering exponents is an essential skill in math and in real life. Therefore,
our exponents worksheets for grade 5 pdf with its simple and fun exercises will
enable kids to understand that;
Firstly, exponents make it easier to write out long or complex expressions or
equations. This skill makes math seem very easy and exciting for young math
learners.
Secondly, exponents are very useful in denoting extremely large or small quantities
and measurements. This is true especially in science when talking about things like
computers, engineering or bacteria growth.
Also, bearing in mind that exponent is a way of expressing repeated multiplication,
your kid’s multiplication skills will be greatly enhanced.

Great tips to remember when working with exponents

 The value of any term with an exponent of zero is always equal to one.
For instance 70 = 1
 The value of any term with an exponent of one is always equal to the
base. 61 = 6

Exponent video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W3lPO3LrVuE

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 LESSON #6

Videos of radicals or square root: https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=w8vqUMIVT1c
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KhkS0BqHmB0

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 LESSON #7
PRIME AND COMPOSITE NUMBERS

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Prime and composite video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=2hVQLG-QTfI

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 LESSON #8
Least common multiple
This lesson will teach you 3 methods for finding the least common multiple (LCM)
of two whole numbers. We will start with a definition of the word multiple.

The multiples of a number are the answers that you get when you multiply that
number by the whole numbers except 0.

Remember that the whole numbers are all numbers from 0 to infinity.

Whole number = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, ...}

So multiply any number by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, ... to get the multiples of that

number.

For instance, you get the multiples of 4 by multiplying 4 by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ...

I put the dots to show that the sets of whole numbers continues forever.

The answer is { 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, ...}

In the same way, the multiples of 9 are all the numbers that you get when you
multiply 9 by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ...

After you do that, you will get { 9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, ...}

The LCM of two numbers is the smallest number that is a multiple for both
numbers.

Set intersection method

Example: Find LCM of 6 and 9.

First list all the multiples of 6.

You get {6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60,....}

Next, list all the multiples of 9.

You get {9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 72, 81, 90....}

Pull out all the common multiples or find the intersection of the two sets.

The common multiples are {18, 36, 54, ...} Looking at the list of common multiples

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immediately above, you can see that the smallest number that is a multiple of both
6 and 9 is 18.
Of course, 36 is also a common multiple of 6 and 9. However, it is not the smallest
common multiple.

Example: Find LCM of 2 and 3.

Multiples of 2 are {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, ...}

Multiples of 3 are {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, ...}

The least common multiple of 2 and 3 is 6.

You can also write LCM (2,3) = 6.

Video of the LCM, and GCF: https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=9p0Dxa9RHNw

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What Is a GCF?

GCF is short for Greatest Common Factor. A factor is simply a number that can be
multiplied with another to get the answer—the product. When comparing two products,
common factors are those numbers that appear in both factor lists. The GCF (sometimes
also called the greatest common divisor) is the greatest of these factors. For example, let’s
start with the numbers 18 and 24:

o The factors of 18 are 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 18 (1×18=18, 2×9=18, and 3×6=18).

o The factors of 24 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 (1×24=24, 2×12=24, 3×8=24,

and 4×6=24).

o The common factors are 1, 2, 3, and 6.

o Therefore, the greatest common factor is 6.

o Greatest common factors are often notated as such: GCF (18, 24) = 6.

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 LESSON #9
What is Fraction?

Fractions represent equal parts of a whole or a collection. 

Fraction of a whole: When we divide a whole into equal parts, each part is a
fraction of the whole. 

For example, 

Fraction of a collection: Fractions also represent parts of a set or collection. 

For example, 

There are total of 5 children.

3 out of 5 are girls. So, the fraction of girls is three-fifths (3⁄ 5).

2 out of 5 are boys. So, the fraction of boys is two-fifths (2⁄ 5).

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FRACTION VIDEO: https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=jRVBlON-hIc
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PROPER FRACTION

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Multiply the factors with common denominator.

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MIXED FRACTION

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Add.

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 LESSON #10
BASIC OPERATION WITH DECIMALS

Video on decimals: https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=dkHlxm1AfqY
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 LESSON #11
ROUNDING NUMBERS
How do you explain rounding numbers?
Rounding means making a number simpler but keeping its value close to what
it was. The result is less accurate, but easier to use. Example: 73 rounded to the
nearest ten is 70, because 73 is closer to 70 than to 80. But 76 goes up to 80.

EXAMPLE:

Rounding number video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XoqYZgBcio0

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 LESSON #12
PERCENTAGE

Pe
rcentage videos:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kDFLcCOS7aw

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 LESSON #13
MEASURING SYSTEM

Measuring video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=U9RzZDXww_0

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 WORKSHEETS
Indications: You are going to use your ruler, and an ins measure. You are
going to measure in m, mm, and cm.
Part A:
1. Work with a partner. Measure the teacher desk on all sides and
write the answers.

2. Go outside in the gym and measure the door, a chair, and the
wall from the classroom to the end.
Part B:
1. Measure 10 objects found in your desk.
2. Record your data in the table below

Object Length

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

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Measure the length of each object below. Circle the
correct number.

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Time: Second is the base unit for time. The other metric units
of time are: 
 

Time video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTeIi-R_eTI
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Example:

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 LESSON #14
Geometry
Geometry is one of the oldest and main branches of mathematics. Measurement of
the earth is the exact meaning of the word ‘Geometry’. The geometry began when
men felt the need to measure their lands while buying and selling. Various shapes
and figures with which we deal in geometry are called geometrical figures. In 5th
grade geometry, we learn about the construction of geometrical figures and study
their basic properties. Thus, one can say that geometry is the science of properties
and relations of figures.

We will learn about some basic concepts and terms in geometry.

In geometry terms namely point, line and plane form the foundation of geometry.
These terms point, line and plane are cannot be precisely defined. However, we
give examples to illustrate the meaning of these terms. Geometry is all about
describing shapes and their properties.
We have already learned about points, line segments, rays, straight lines, angles
etc. Hence, we will revise these terms in brief.

Point, Line, Line Segment, Ray and Straight Line:

Point: A circle of zero radius is known as point.
Point is simply a dot (.) A point has no length, no
breadth or no height (thickness).
Collinear Points: The points lying on the same straight line are called collinear
points. Points A, B, C, D, E are collinear points because all of them are lying on the
same straight line.
Non-Collinear Points: The points which are not on the same straight line are
called non-Collinear Points. Points A, B, C and D are non collinear points because
all of them are not on the same straight line.
Line Segment: The given figure shows a line
segment AB. It has two end points A and B.
Every line segment has a definite measure which
is equal to its length.
Ray: The given figure shows ray AB.
The symbol for the ray AB
is AB−→−AB→. It has one end point. It
can be extended to any length in the
direction of B from A.

Straight Line: The given figure shows a

straight-line AB. The symbol for the straight-line
AB is AB←→AB↔. It has no end points.
Plane: A plane is a flat surface. A plane extends
in all the four directions infinitely endlessly in
length and breadth.

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A plane cannot be drawn on a piece of paper. It has no boundary and what we
draw on a paper is a part of a plane only but not the plane itself. Table top, wall,
roof of the room etc. are the examples of the part of the plane.
In short, a plane is a flat surface like a table top, a book etc. The plane can be
extended in all the directions. So, a part of plane can only be represented on a
sheet of paper. Points and lines lie on a plane. It is named by marking three points
on it.

0Guardar
Hence, flat shapes like lines; circles and triangles that can be drawn on a flat
surface for example on a piece of paper are called plane geometry.

The three-dimensional objects like cubes, cuboids, prisms, cylinder and pyramids
are called solid geometry.

Interior and Exterior of an Angle

Interior and exterior of an angle is explained here.

The shaded portion between the arms BA and BC of the angle ABC can be
extended indefinitely.

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This portion is called the interior of the angle. X is a point in the interior of the
angle. The point Y lies in the exterior of the angle. 
The point Z lies on the angle.

In the above figure, here ∠1 is called the interior angle because it lies inside the
two arms. ∠2 is called the exterior angle. Whenever two rays meet, two angle are
formed – one an interior angle and other an exterior angle. The size of an angle is
measured by the amount of turn or rotation of two arms and not by how long the
arms appear to be.

Here ∠a is greater than ∠b, ∠b is greater than ∠c.

Construction of Angles by using Compass

In construction of angles by using compass we will learn how to construct different

angles with the help of ruler and compass.

1. Construction of an Angle of 60° by using Compass

Step of Construction:
(i) Draw a ray OA.

(ii) With O as center and any suitable radius draw an arc above OA cutting it at a
point B.

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(iii) With B as center and the same radius as before, draw another arc to cut the
previous arc at C.

(iv) Join OC and produce it to D.

Then ∠AOD = 60°.

2. Construction of an Angle of 120° by using Compass

Step of Construction:
(i) Draw a ray OA.

(ii) With O as centre and any suitable radius draw an arc cutting OA at B.

(iii) With B as centre and the same radius cut the arc at C, then with C as centre
and same radius cut the arc at D. Join OD and produce it to E.

Then, ∠AOE = 120°.

3. Construction of an Angle of 30° by using Compass

Step of Construction:

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(i) Construction an angle ∠AOD = 60° as shown.

(ii) Draw the bisector OE of ∠AOD.

Then, ∠AOD = 30°.

4. Construction of an Angle of 90° by using Compass

Step of Construction:
(i) Take any ray OA.

(ii) With O as centre and any convenient radius, draw an arc cutting OA at B.

(iii) With B as centre and the same radius, draw an cutting the first arc at C.

(iv) With C as centre and the same radius, cut off an arc cutting again the first arc
at D.

(v) With C and D as centre and radius of more than half of CD, draw two arcs
cutting each other at E, join OE.

Then, ∠EOA = 90°.

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5. Construction of an Angle of 75° by using Compass
Step of Construction:
(i) Take a ray OA.

(ii) With O as centre and any convenient radius, draw an arc cutting OA at C.

(iii) With C as centre and the same radius, draw an cutting the first arc at M.

(iv) With M as centre and the same radius, cut off an arc cutting again the first arc
at L.

(v) With L and M as centre and radius of more than half of LM, draw two arcs
cutting each other at B, join OB which is making 90°.

(vi) Now with N and M as centres again draw two arcs cutting each other at P.

(vii) Join OP.

Then, ∠POA = 75°.

6. Construction of an Angle of 105° by using Compass

Step of Construction:
(i) After making 90° angle take L and N as center and draw two arcs cutting each
other at S.

(ii) Join SO.

Then, ∠SOA105
°.

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7. Construction of an Angle of 135° by using Compass
Step of Construction:

(i) Construct ∠AOD = 90°

(ii) Produce ∠AO to B.

(iii) Draw OE to bisect ∠DOB.

∠DOE = 45°

∠EOA = 45° + 90° = 135°

Then, ∠EOA = 135°.

8. Construction of an Angle of 150° by using Compass

Step of Construction:
(i) Construct ∠AOC = 120°

(ii) Produce ∠AO to B.

(iii) Draw OD to bisect ∠COB.

Now ∠COD = 30°

Therefore, ∠AOD = 120° + 30° = 150°

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Then, ∠AOD = 150°.

Angles video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=9RTM418qfdI

LESSON #15

Triangle
Triangle is one of the basic shape in geometry.
A triangle is a simple closed figure made up of three line segments. It has three
sides and three vertices. It is represented by the symbol ∆. 

We know that we can mark many points on any given line.

Three or more points which lie on the same line are called collinear points.

Above, points A, B, C and D which lie on the same line collinear points.

But in the figure below, only two points A and D lied on the line. Points B, E, C and
F do not lie on that line.
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Hence, these points A, B, C, D, E, F are called non - collinear points.

If we join three non - collinear points L, M and N lie on the plane of paper, then we
will get a closed figure bounded by three line segments LM, MN and NL. This
closed figure is called a Triangle.
The three line segments of a triangle are also known as sides of the triangle.

This triangle is named as ∆ LMN with its side as LM, MN and NL and three vertices
as L, M and N.

The three angles named as ∠ LMN, ∠MNL and ∠ NLM are the angles of the
triangle.

Three angles are denoted by ∠M, ∠N and ∠L respectively.

The three angles and the three sides of a triangle are together called the six parts
or elements of the triangle.
Thus, a closed figure bounded by three line segments is called a triangle. 
∆ is the symbol to denote a triangle.

Note: A triangle has 6 elements: Three sides and three angles.

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Thus 1. A triangle is named in three different ways

(i) ∆LMN or (ii) ∆MNL or (iii) ∆NLM

2. Vertices of ∆LMN are L, M, N.

3. Angles of ∆LMN are ∠L, ∠M and ∠N.

4. Line segments of ∆LMN are LM, MN, NL.

The side LM is the base of the ∆ NLM. ∠N opposite to the base LM is called
the Vertical angle of the triangle.

∠N and ∠M adjacent to the base LM are called Base angles.

If we add up the three sides of a triangle, we get its perimeter.

Thus the perimeter of the ∆LMN = LM + MN + NL.

Note: Therefore, a triangle has:

Three line segments,
Three vertices,
Three angles.
Classification of Triangle

In classification of triangle there are six elements in a triangle, that is, three sides
and three angles. So, classification of triangle is done on the base of these
elements.
Triangles are classified in two ways:

(i) On the basis of sides and,

(ii) On the basis of angles.

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 According to Sides
Classification of triangles based on their sides. A triangle in which all the sides are
equal is called an equilateral triangle. A triangle in which any two sides are equal is
called an isosceles triangle. If none of its sides are equal it is called a scalene
triangle. Now, let us classify triangles based on their angles.

1. Scalene Triangle:
A triangle in which all the three sides are unequal in length is called a scalene
triangle.

AC > BC >AB

6 cm > 5 cm > 4.5 cm.

2. Isosceles Triangle:
A triangle in which two of its sides are equal is called isosceles triangle.

PQ = PR = 6 cm.

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3. Equilateral Triangle:
A triangle in which have all its three sides equal in length is called an equilateral
triangle.

According to Angles

1. Acute Triangle:
A triangle which has all the three angles acute that is, less than 90°, is called an
acute angled triangle or acute triangle.
In other words, a triangle is which all the three angles are acute is called an acute-
angled triangle. 

In the given figure ∠A, ∠B and ∠C are acute angle. Thus, ∆ABC is an acute-angled
triangle.
2. Obtuse Triangle:

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A triangle whose one angle is obtuse or more than 90° but less than 180° is called
an obtuse angled triangle or obtuse triangle.

A triangle is which one of its angles is measuring more than 90° is known as an
obtuse-angled triangle. 

In the above figure ∠STU = 120°. Thus, ∆STU is an obtuse-angled triangle.

3. Right Triangle:
A triangle whose one angles is a right angle (that is 90°) is called a right angled
triangle or right angle.
In other words, a triangle in which any one of the three angles is exactly 90°, is
known as a right-angled triangle. 

Videos on Triangles: https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=oQeK4LyKLHw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JQUTVgT9RXY

Worksheet on Triangle

In the worksheet on triangle, we will solve different types of questions.

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1. Take three non - collinear points L, M, N. Join LM, MN and NL. What figure
do you get?
Name:
(a) The side opposite to ∠L.                    ..................................
(b) The angle opposite to side LN.          ..................................

(c) The vertex opposite to side MN.        ..................................

(d) The side opposite to angle N.           ..................................

2. Find the number of triangles in the figure given below:

Answer:
There are 8 triangles (∆HAD; ∆BEF; ∆BHI; ∆AIJ; ∆CFH; ∆FGD; ∆GEJ; ∆ GAC)

3. Write the name of the vertices, sides and angle of the given triangle. Also
give the name of the triangle in 3 different ways.

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4. Classify the triangle into acute triangle, obtuse triangle and right triangle
with the following angles:
(a) 90°, 45°, 45°

(b) 60°, 60°, 60°

(c) 80°, 60°, 40°

(d) 130°, 40°, 10°

(e) 90°, 35°, 55°

(f) 92°, 38°, 50°

5. Identify the type of triangle based on the lengths of the sides.

Answer:
(i) Isosceles Triangle
(ii) Equilateral Triangle
(iii) Scalene Triangle
6. Classify the triangle according to sides, that is, equilateral, isosceles and
scalene triangles

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(a) 6 cm, 3 cm, 5 cm.

(b) 6 cm, 6 cm, 6 cm.

(c) 7 cm, 7 cm, 5 cm.

(d) 8 cm, 12 cm, 10 cm.

(e) 3 cm, 4 cm, 5 cm.

(f) 3.5 cm, 3.5 cm, 4.5 cm.

7. Is it possible to have a triangle with the following angles and sides? Give
reason in support of your answer.

(a) 110°, 60°, 30°

(b) 70°, 70°, 70°

(c) 80°, 35°, 65°

(d) 7 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm.

(e) 50°, 50°, 90°

(f) 10 cm, 12 cm, 2 cm.

8. Fill in the blanks:

(i) A triangle is ……………………… sided polygon.
(ii) A triangle has ……………………… vertices and ……………………… sides.
(iii) A triangle can be classified on the basis of ……………………… and
……………………….
(iv) A triangle with all sides equal is called a ……………………… triangle.
(v) A triangle whose 2 sides are equal is called a ……………………… triangle.
(vi) A triangle with unequal sides is called a ……………………… triangle.
Answer:
(i) three
(ii) three, three
(iii) sides, angles
(iv) equilateral
(v)  isosceles
(vi) scalen
LESSON #15
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 What is Parallelogram?
A parallelogram is a special type of quadrilateral that has equal and parallel
opposite sides. 
The given figure shows a parallelogram ABCD which as AB parallel to CD and AD
parallel to BC.
Also, AD = BC and AB = CD.

 
We also see a lot of parallelogram like shapes and objects around us. 

 
Properties of parallelogram
 
Types of a parallelogram
There are three special types of a parallelogram.

 1. Rhombus: A parallelogram in which all sides are equal.

Here AB = BC = CD = DA.  ABCD is a rhombus.

 2. Rectangle: A parallelogram in which all angles are right angles and the
diagonals are equal.

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Here all angles are right angles. Diagonals PN and OM are equal.
 
 3. Square: A parallelogram with all equal sides and all angles equal to 90
degrees. The diagonals of a square are also equal.

Here all sides are equal and all the angles are right angles.
Diagonals AC and BD are equal.

Video on parallelogram: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EZkgIf6fY1I

Parallelogram

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Which of the following statements are true or false?

(i) The diagonals of a parallelogram are equal.

(ii) The diagonals of a rectangle are perpendicular to each other.

(iii) The diagonals of a rhombus are equal.

(iv) Every rhombus is a kite.

(v) Every rectangle is a square.

(vi) Every square is a parallelogram.

(vii) Every square is a rhombus.

(viii) Every rectangle is a parallelogram.

(ix) Every parallelogram is a rectangle.

(x) Every rhombus is a parallelogram.

There is one parallelogram in each line. Identify which one it is by coloring it

in. Use a letter in each parallelogram to spell out the hidden word.

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 LESSON #16
Circle

A circle is the set of all those point in a plane whose distance from a fixed point
remains constant.

The fixed point is called the center of the circle and the constant distance is known
as the radius of the circle. Full moon is the example of a circle.

Interior and Exterior of a Circle:

A Circle has an interior as well as an exterior region as shown in the below figure.

Here the points A, B and M lie in the exterior of the circle. The points D, P and X
lies in the interior of the circle. The point R, Q, N lie on the circle. The center O of
the circle always lies in the interior of the circle.

1. What is the center of the circle?

Solution:

The point P at which we place the needle end of the compass and move the pencil
around is the center of the circle.

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 The center of a circle lies in its interior.

2. What is the circumference of t

In other words, it is the perimeter of the circle.

3. What is the radius of the circle?

Solution:

The line segment joining the Centre to any point on the circle is called the radius
of the circle.

Take any point N on the circle and joint it with the center M. The line segment MN
is the radius of the circle.

Note:
MN = MO = MP → (Radii)

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All the radii of a circle are equal in length. We can draw as many radii as we want.

4. What is the diameter of the circle?

Solution:

Let us produce the radius PQ to meet another point O on the circle. We get a line
segment OQ with its end points O & Q on the circle. It passes through the Center
UT P.

Such a line segment is called a diameter.

The length of a diameter of a circle is twice the length of the radius of the circle.

OP = 3.5 cm

PQ = 3.5 cm

OQ = 3.5 cm + 3.5 cm

Therefore, OQ = 7.0 cm

5. What is the chord of the circle?

Solution:

The line segment joining any two points on the circle is the chord of the circle.
The end points A and B of line segment AB lie on the circle.

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So, AB is the chord of the circle.
Chords of a circle may or may not be equal in length. Diameter of a circle is the
longest chord.

6. What is the arc of the circle?

Solution:

Any part of a circle is called an arc of the circle. An arc is usually named by 3
points.

ACB is an arc of the given circle.

7. What is semi circle?

Solution:

The end points of a diameter of a circle divide the circle into two parts; each part is
called a semi-circular region.

AXB and AYB are two semi circles.

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Examples:

Video on Circle and Circumference:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o4we1rigywc

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 Worksheet on Circle

In worksheet on circle, we will solve 10 different types of question in circle.

1. The following figure shows a circle with centre O and some line segments drawn
in it. Classify the line segments as radius, chord and diameter:

(i) OA = ………………..
(ii) OB = ………………..
(iii) OC = ………………..

(iv) EF = ………………..

(v) MN = ………………..

(vi) PQ = ………………..
2. Observe the circles given below and identify.

(a) Radius =
…………………………
(b) Diameter =
…………………………
(c) Chord =
…………………………

Answer:
(a) OT, OS, OP, OR

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(b) PR
(c) PQ

3. Observe the circles given below and identify.

Label the centre as O

Draw 2 radius OQ and OR
Draw the chord ZR

Answer:

4. Draw a radius, diameter, chord in the given circle using the points. Also
measure the length of radius and diameter.

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 (i) Radius = ……………… =
……………… cm
(ii) Diameter = ……………… =
……………… cm
(iii) Highlight the circumference
by using green color.
(iii) Highlight the chord by using
blue color.

Answer:
(i) OB, OA, OC = 2 cm
(ii) BC = 4 cm
(iii) 

5. With the help of a compass, draw a circle of radius:

(i) 4.5 cm.

(ii) 5.2 cm

6. Draw a circle of radius 6 cm.

7. Draw a circle of diameter 5.5 cm.

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8. Draw a circle with centre C and radius 4.7 cm. Mark point P,Q,R such
that P lies in the interior of the circle, Q lies on the circle and R lies in the
exterior of the circle.

9. Draw a circle using ruler and compass.

(i) Radius = 4 cm

(ii) Diameter = 6 cm

(iii) Diameter = 8 cm

(iv) Radius = 3.5 cm

10. Draw a circle whose diameter is 10 cm. Find its radius.

11. Find the radius if the diameter of the circle is:

(i) 12 cm

(ii) 32 cm

(iii) 28 m

(iv) 36 cm

Answer:

(i) 6 cm

(ii) 16 cm

(iii) 14 m

(iv) 18 cm

12. Find the diameter if the radius of the circle is:

(i) 11 cm

(ii) 7 m

(iii) 10 cm

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(iv) 17 cm

Answer:

(i) 22 cm

(ii) 14 m

(iii) 20 cm

(iv) 34 cm

13. With a same circle, draw three circles first with radius 2 cm. second
with radius 3 cm and third with radius 4 cm.

14. A circle has a radius 7 cm. Find the length of the longest chord of this
circle.

15. State whether each of the following statement is true or false.

(i) Each radius of a circle is also a chord of the circle .............

(ii) Each diameter of a circle is also a chord of the circle .............

(iii) The center of a circle bisects each chord of the circle .............

(iv) A circle is a polygon

(v) A circle is a closed figure without corners.

(vi) The chord of a circle is also its radius.

(vii) The chord of a circle can be equal to the diameter of a circle.

(viii) The diameter represents the length of a circle.

Answer:

(i) False 

(ii) True

(iii) False

(iv) False

(v) True

(vi) False

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(vii) True

(viii) False

16. If the diameter of a pan pizza is 18 cm, then find the length of
the straight sides of the pizza slice.

(i) Diameter = ………………

(ii) Radius = ………………

(iii) Side of the pizza slice.

Answer:

(i) 18 cm

(ii) 9 cm

(iii) 9 cm

17. Fill in the blanks:

(i) A diameter of a circle is a chord that ………...through the center.

(ii) A radius of a circle is a line segment with one end point …………... and
the other end…………….

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(iii) If we join any two points on a circle by a line segment. We obtain a
…………… of the circle.

(iv) Any part of a circle is called an ……………. of the circle.

18. Choose the right answer. 

(i) The circle with a radius 6 cm will have the diameter of __________.

(a) 11 cm      (b) 12 cm          (c) 13 cm          (d) 14 cm

(ii) A circle has __________ lines of symmetry.

(a) 5          (b) 10          (c) 15          (d) infinite

19. For the given circle:

(i) Name the Diameters

(ii) Name the Radii

(iii) Count the number of chords

20. Using a compass draw a circle of radius 5 cm. Name its center as P. Draw
and mark:

(i) A radius LN

(ii) A diameter XY.

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What Is The Circumference Of A Circle

A circle is a closed curve formed by a set of points on a plane that are the
same distance from its center. The circumference of a circle is the distance
around the circle. It is sometimes called the perimeter of a circle.

Formula For The Circumference Of A Circle

Calculating the circumference of a circle involves a constant called pi, with

the symbol π. Pi (π) is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its
diameter. Pi is always the same number for any circle.

The value of π (pi) is approximately 3.14159265358979323846… but

usually rounding to 3.142 should be sufficient. (see a mnemonic for π)

The formula for the circumference of a circle is

C = πd     (see a mnemonic for this formula)

or

C = 2πr

where C is the circumference, d is the diameter and r is the radius.

The diameter of a circle is a line segment that passes through the center of
the circle and has its endpoints on the circle. The radius of the circle is a
line segment from the center of the circle to a point on the circle. The
diameter of a circle is twice the length of its radius.

If you are given the diameter then use the formula C = πd

If you are given the radius then use the formula C = 2πr

A fun way to remember the formulas for the circumference of a circle and
the area of a circle

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Pi, where does it come from?
How pi can be calculated for any circle?

Find the Circumference of a Circle

The formula for the circumference of a circle is the product of pi ( π) and

the diameter or twice the product of pi (π) and the radius.

Example:
Find the circumference of the circle with a diameter of 8 inches.

Solution:

Step 1: Write down the formula: C = πd

Step 2: Plug in the value: C = 8π

Answer: The circumference of the circle is 8π ≈ 25.163 inches.

Example:
Find the circumference of the circle with a radius of 5 inches.

Solution:

Step 1: Write down the formula: C = 2πr

Step 2: Plug in the value: C = 10π

Answer: The circumference of the circle is 10π ≈ 31.42 inches.

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121
 Worksheets
Objective: I know how to calculate the circumference of a circle.

The circumference of a circle is the distance around the circle.

The formula is πd or 2πr

Read the lesson on circumference of circle if you need to learn how to calculate the
circumference of a circle.
 

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Fill in all the gaps, then press "Check" to check your answers. Use the "Hint"
button to get a free letter if an answer is giving you trouble. You can also click on
the "[?]" button to get a clue. Note that you will lose points if you ask for hints or
clues!

Find the circumference of the circle to the nearest tenth.

Use 3.14 for π.
(Remember to include the units in your answers.)

1. diameter = 36 cm
circumference = 

2. diameter = 76 in
circumference = 

3. radius = 84 mm
circumference = 

4. radius = 60 mm
circumference = 

5. diameter = 64 in
circumference = 

6. diameter = 13 ft
circumference = 

7. radius = 74 cm
circumference = 

8. diameter = 50 in
circumference = 

9. radius = 3 ft
circumference = 

10. radius = 73 mm
circumference = 

123
LESSON #17

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Movie on statistics and probability:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7XuNVVlD98g

125
 a. Using the table in, above, or otherwise, calculate the total number of books per bag.
5 marks
b. Determine the probability that a student chosen at random has less than e books in his/her
bag. 3 marks

Total marks: 12

Hint! How to work above: You multiply the number of books by the frequency.
The answer goes in the f x x box

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 Video on mean, media, mode and range:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2cPsepQYkE

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