INTRODUCTION

An automatic changeover switch is a device that automatically transfers a power supply

from its primary source to a backup source when it senses a failure or outage in the
primary source. Power failure or outage in general does not promote development to
public and private sector. The investors do not feel secure to come in to a country with
constant or frequent power failure.

This paper presents the design and construction of an automatic changeover switch that
sources from public supply to generator. This is achieved by the use of electronic control
circuit, transistors, contractor and relays to effect switching.

The project is designed for power supply applications. It involves automatic changeover
between the main supply and auxiliary power supply, such as generator.

The basic operation of the project is to switch to a main source or an axillary source
automatically. Switching is possible through the use of relays.

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 AIMS AND OBJECTIVE
1. To design a device that will change from public power supply to generator when
there is power failure or power outage.
2. To design a device that will change from generator to public power supply.
3. To design a reliable electrical power device which is highly efficient.
4. To design and construct 220v, 50Hz automatic changeover switch.

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 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
The project work was carried out primary with the aim of solving the problem of manual
changeover switch when there is need for changing to generator due to power failure from
public power supply. This exposes the society to such knowledge on how to design and
construct automatic changeover switch. Meanwhile the essence of this project work is to
design and construct 220v, 50Hz automatic changeover switch which will serves as a
standby switch to generator when there is power outage.

Also the devices is design to solve the problems arising from

manual changeover with minimum economic considerations.

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 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN THE COURSE OF THE
PROJECT WORK
In any technical work carried out, there are bounds to be problems either on the board or
the component been used. We encountered some faults when we used.

In the course of this project work, there is always a power failure at most times.
Also some of the components were not available, and those that were available were
bought and kept in good condition. While other component easy to get.

COMPONENT OVERVIEW

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An automatic change over switch requires various components for its proper operation of
automatic change over switch.

1. Relay
2. Transformer
3. Rectifiers
4. Diode
5. Capacitor
6. Resistor
7. Indicator led
8. Soldering iron
9. Contractor

RELAY:-

This is an electromagnetic switch. Switching

on/off of relays is based on the flow of current through its coil. Relay is used for switching
on/off various high voltage circuits. Changeover switch.

TRANSFORMER:-

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 This is a device which is used for stepping up and stepping
down of voltages. Transformer is one of the most important components of the automatic
changeover switch. The working of the transformer is to step down 220v to 15v as the
output of the automatic change over switch.

RECTIFIERS:-

A rectifier is an electronic devices that

changes alternating current in to direct current. This process is called rectification. When
such a D.C supply is required the mains A.C supply is rectified by using diodes.

DIODE:-

Diode is the electronic component. Which is used to allow

to follow electric current in only one direction while blocks the electric current in opposite
or reverse direction. It has two terminals which one is anode and other is cathode.

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CAPACITOR:-

Capacitor is a passive components that provide a means of storing electrical energy

in the form of electric field.

RESISTORS:-

Resistor is an electronic component which is used to resist the flow of electric

current in the electric circuit.

It is measure using ohmmeter device and its unit is ohm (Ω)

INDICATOR LED:-

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 Indicator led is the electrical component which is used to indicate the electrical
current with glow led.

SOLDERING IRON:-

This is a fusible metal alloy which is used to join

together metal part. Actually its works on the supply of 230v AC supply.

CONTRACTOR:-

This is an electrically controlled switch used for switching a power circuit, similar to relay
expect with a higher current ratings. A contractor controlled by a circuit which has a much
lower power level than the switched circuit.

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-: CIRCUIT BLOCK DIAGRAM:-

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BASIC WORKING PRINCIPAL OF AUTOMATIC CHANGE
OVERSWITCH:-
The automatic changeover switch work on the operation of the power unit which was well
organized and co-ordinated for an efficient performance.

1. The control circuit is active when there is A.C main supply.

2. The main source is made the reference point.
3. When the main source goes off and the auxiliary source (generator) is on, it changes with
in very few second to the auxiliary source.
4. Power supply is interchanged the moment the AC mains are restored. Immediately after
this, the generator switched off by the user.

ADVANTAGE:-
 Power reliability.
 Safety
 Uninterrupted electrical supply.
 Increased reliability.
 Increased simplicity

DISADVANTAGE:-

 Needs more maintenance than a manual model.

 Usually costs more than manual model.

APPLICATIONS:-
 Hospitals
 Industries
 Institute
 Restaurants
 Malls
 House & buildings

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 CONCLUISION
This projects designed and constructed has high efficiency. The (220-230v) automatic
change over switch was tested with a generator after the construction it was in a perfect
condition. This project has really exposed us to lot of things concerning the design and
construction of automatic change over switch.

The knowledge and techniques acquired in the course of doing this project will assist us in
the future to do automatic change over switch of different ratings and wattage for personal,
commercial and industrial purpose.

REFRENCES
 Google
 YouTube.

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