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è¾a@k튇nÛaë@ÐÛa@áîÜÈnÛa@ñŠaŒë@

‹àn¾a@áîÜÈnÛaë@wçbä¾a@ÊbİÓ@@@@
òîàîÜÈnÛa@Ýöb!ìÛaë@wçbäàÜÛ@òßbÈÛa@ñŠa†⁄a@

òÜßbØn¾a@òîj튇nÛa@pa‡yìÛa@òÜÜ
l^éÞæÓÖý]<àãÚ<íÂçÛ

òîãë‹nØÛ⁄aë@òî î bäÌßë‹èØÛa@pbèîÜí‹Ûa@òãbî–@Zñ‡&yì&Ûa@á&!a

822@M@4012@@Zð*ß‹Ûa@áÓ‹Ûa
‫ اق  زارة ا  ا وا ر  ا‬
‫ م‬2005 - ‫ هـ‬1426 :‫ا!  او‬
è¾a@k튇nÛaë@ÐÛa@áîÜÈnÛa@ñŠaŒë@
‹àn¾a@áîÜÈnÛaë@wçbä¾a@ÊbİÓ@@@@
òîàîÜÈnÛa@Ýöb!ìÛaë@wçbäàÜÛ@òßbÈÛa@ñŠa†⁄a@

òÜßbØn¾a@òîj튇nÛa@pa‡yìÛa@òÜÜ
l^éÞæÓÖý]<àãÚ<íÂçÛ

òîãë‹nØÛ⁄aë@òî î bäÌßë‹èØÛa@pbèîÜí‹Ûa@òãbî–@Zñ‡&yì&Ûa@á&!a

:‫إ ـ اد‬
‫  ا أ ب ا ي‬/ ‫ س‬

:"‫ـ‬#$‫ا‬
(ً+ %&#‫ )(' أ ا‬/ ‫ س‬
ً(‫ـــــ‬0 ‫(ن‬/   -,(‫  ا‬/ ‫ س‬
ً(‫ـــــ‬0 123‫  ا‬4056 / ‫ س‬
ً(‫ــ‬%5‫<ـ‬ ‫(ح‬89‫"  ا‬:; / ‫أ‬

822@M@4012@@Zð*ß‹Ûa@áÓ‹Ûa
‫ اق  زارة ا  ا وا ر  ا‬
‫ م‬2005 - ‫ هـ‬1426 :‫ا!  او‬
‫ر‪=,‬‬
‫‬
‫اـــ‪A5‬ـــ‪5‬ع‬
‫ا?‪"9‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫ـ‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫أهاف ا ـة ا ـ
ـرــ‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫ا‪&+‬ء ا‪D‬ول‪ :‬ا‪(53#‬ت ا‪ "9‬ا‪"%F‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬أ(اع ا ‪&#‬ت ا ‪#$‬و"!  وا
ا‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪($ -2‬ت ا ‪&#‬ت ا ‪#$‬و"!  و‪&+,  -‬‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬ا‪01‬ت ا ‪&#‬ت ا ‪#$‬و"!  ورزه‬
‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪ -4‬أدوات ‪ 56‬و‪ 2+34‬ا ‪&#‬ت ا ‪#$‬و"! ‬
‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪ -5‬أ‪9,‬ل ا ‪&#‬ت ا ‪#$‬و"! ‬
‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪ -6‬أدوات ‪ <=6‬و;‪#‬ة ا ‪&#‬ت ا ‪#$‬و"! ‬
‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪#; -7‬ة ا ‪&#‬ت ا ‪#$‬و"! ‬
‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪ -8‬ا ‪&#‬ت ا> ‪#
$‬و(‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪ -9‬أدوات ‪ <=6‬و;‪#‬ة ا ‪&#‬ت ا> ‪#
$‬و(‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪C -10‬ا‪ ,‬ا‪ AB‬وا @ ا ‪!+‬‬
‫‪21‬‬ ‫ا‪&+‬ء ا‪(6 :-H(/‬ر‪ %‬ا‪ 8‬ر‪ I%‬ا‪-3#‬‬
‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪ 56 -1‬و‪ 2+34‬ا ‪&#‬ت ا ‪#$‬و"! ‬
‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪ (1 -2‬ا ‪&#‬ت ا ‪#$‬و"! ‬
‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪ (1 -3‬ا ‪&#‬ت ا> ‪#
$‬و(‬
‫‪27‬‬ ‫ا‪&+‬ء ا‪(6 :J(/‬ر‪ %‬ا(ر‪ "K‬ا‪"3#‬‬
‫‪28‬‬ ‫‪ 56 -1‬و‪ 2+34‬ا ‪&#‬ت ا ‪#$‬و"! ‬
‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪ (1 -2‬ا ‪&#‬ت ا ‪#$‬و"! ‬
‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪ (1 -3‬ا ‪&#‬ت ا> ‪#
$‬و(‬
‫‪31‬‬ ‫ا‪&+‬ء اا;‪N6 :L‬ـ‪%5‬ـ= اـ‪5‬ـ ة ا‪8‬ـ ر‪%‬ــ"‬
‫‪32‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ا‪
GD‬ر ا !‪#F‬ي‬
‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ا‪
GD‬ر ا ;‪H&+‬‬
‫‪37‬‬ ‫‪: -‬د ا?‪(32‬ت ا‪"9‬‬
‫‪38‬‬ ‫‪ "P(, -‬اا‪ L$‬وا?(در‬
F

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‫ـ‬

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،،،()‫وا* ا‬

4
‫أهــــــــ اف اـ‪5‬ــ ة ا‪8‬ـ ر‪%‬ــ"‪-:‬‬
‫;‪( #‬ر‪ "K‬أ‪ "2VH‬و‪((#0‬ت ه‪ TU‬ا‪ 5‬ة ‪  L,58%‬ا‪8‬ــ رب أن ‪5S%‬ن ‪,‬ـــ(دراً ‪3‬ــــ‪ W‬أن‪-:‬‬

‫ا‪3:‬ـ‪5‬آــــ"‬ ‫ا\ـ()ــــــ"‬
‫)هـ ف ‪S‬ـ‪ Z‬ـ(رة(‬ ‫)هــ ف ‪S‬ـ‪ Z‬وا‪(I$‬‬
‫‪ 5JJJJJJJJJJJJ0 -1‬ا ‪&#JJJJJJJJJJJJ‬ت ‪I#;
 1-1‬ف أ(اع ا ‪&#‬ت ا ‪#$‬و"!  وا
ا‬
‫‪I#;
 2-1‬ف ‪($‬ت ا ‪&#‬ت ا ‪#$‬و"!  وا  ‪&+,‬‬ ‫ا ‪#$‬و"! ‬
‫‪I#;
 3-1‬ف ا‪01‬ت ا ‪&#‬ت ا ‪#$‬و"!  ورزه‬
‫‪I#J JJJ;
 4-1‬ف ا‪B‬دوات ا ‪ 5JJJJJ$04 HJJJJJ6 
JJJJJ+‬و‪ 2JJJJJ+34‬ا ‪&#JJJJJ‬ت‬
‫ا ‪#$‬و"! ‬
‫‪I#;
 5-1‬ف ‪9G‬ات ‪ 56‬ا ‪&#‬ت ا ‪#$‬و"! ‬
‫‪#ُ 6-1‬ا‪C H,‬ا‪ ,‬ا‪ AB‬وا @ ا ‪!+‬‬
‫‪O=ُ 7-1‬د (ط ا
‪LM#‬‬
‫‪O=ُ 8-1‬د ا‪ PG‬ا ‪@1+‬ت‬
‫‪O=ُ 9-1‬د ‪$‬ن ا ‪ 29‬ا = ا ‪ H6 (#+‬ا ‪&#‬ت ا ‪#$‬و"! ‬
‫‪O=ُ10-1‬د (ع ا ‪ 29‬ا = ا ‪ H6 (#+‬ا ‪&#‬ت ا ‪#$‬و"! ‬
‫‪ PS0 11-1‬ا
‪@1‬ت ا ‪RM#$‬‬
‫‪#M 50 12-1‬ا‪ HX‬ا
‪ VW‬و!‪U‬ع ا "‪9‬ء‬
‫‪ 50 13-1‬ا &‪ Y‬ا ‪H !"+‬‬
‫‪ Z& 50 14-1‬ا
["‪) P‬ا ‪(!M‬‬
‫‪ 2JJJJJJJJJJ+3 -2‬ا ‪&#JJJJJJJJJJ‬ت ‪I#;
 1-2‬ف ‪9G‬ات ‪ 2+34‬ا ‪&#‬ت ا ‪#$‬و"! ‬
‫‪#ُ 2-2‬ا‪C H,‬ا‪ ,‬ا‪ AB‬وا @ ا ‪!+‬‬ ‫ا ‪#$‬و"! ‬
‫‪#ُ 3-2‬آ‪#; HX#M YO‬ة ا ‪&#‬ت ا ‪#$‬و"! ‬
‫‪#ُ 4-2‬آ‪ YO‬ا &‪ Y‬ا ‪H !"+‬‬
‫‪#ُ 5-2‬آ‪ Z& YO‬ا
["‪P‬‬
‫‪#ُ 6-2‬آ‪ YO‬ا ‪ 29‬ا = ا ‪(#+‬‬
‫‪ P1 7-2‬ا
‪@1‬ت ا ‪RM#$‬‬
‫‪#ُ 8-2‬آ‪9X YO‬ء ا ‪_&#‬‬
‫‪#ُ 9-2‬آ‪#M YO‬ا‪ HX‬ا
‪VW‬‬

‫‪5‬‬
‫ا‪3:‬ـ‪5‬آــــ"‬ ‫ا\ـ()ــــــ"‬
‫)هـ ف ‪S‬ـ‪ Z‬ـ(رة(‬ ‫)هــ ف ‪S‬ـ‪ Z‬وا‪(I$‬‬
‫‪SJJJJJJJJ -3‬ن ا ‪&#JJJJJJJJJ‬ت ‪I#َ;
 1-3‬ف أ‪9,‬ل ا ‪&#‬ت ا ‪#$‬و"!  و‪S=6‬‬
‫‪I#;
 2-3‬ف أدوات ا ‪ <=0‬وا ‪#;+‬ة‬ ‫ا ‪#$‬و"! ‪.‬‬
‫‪#ُ 3-3‬ا‪C H,‬ا‪ ,‬ا‪ AB‬وا @ ا ‪!+‬‬
‫‪ b <=0 4-3‬ا
"‪a‬‬
‫‪ b #;ُ 5-3‬ا
"‪a‬‬
‫‪ <=0 6-3‬ر‪ d‬ا
@‪c‬‬
‫‪ ZOF! 7-3‬ر‪ d‬ا
@‪c‬‬
‫‪ ZOF! 8-3‬ا ‪&#‬ت ا ‪#$‬و"! ‬
‫‪ I0
 9-3‬ا &‪ Y‬ا ‪H !"+‬‬
‫‪ Z& I0
 10-3‬ا ‪_&#‬‬
‫‪ <=0 11-3‬ا ‪ 29‬ا = ا ‪(#+‬‬
‫‪
 12-3‬ل ا ‪ 29‬ا = ا ‪(#+‬‬
‫‪
 13-3‬ل ‪#; HX#M‬ة ا ‪_&#‬‬
‫‪ #;ُ 14-3‬ا ‪_&#‬‬
‫‪ PO"[ 15-3‬ا ‪_&#‬‬
‫‪SJJJJJJJJ -4‬ن ا ‪&#JJJJJJJJ‬ت ‪I#;
 1-4‬ف ‪ P+,  -‬ا ‪&#‬ت ا> ‪#
$‬و(‬
‫‪I#;
 2-4‬ف ‪ P+,  -‬ر&_ ‪ +‬ا ‪#=+‬آت ا> ‪#
$‬و(‪H‬‬ ‫ا> ‪#
$‬و(‬
‫‪I#;
 3-4‬ف ‪ P+,  -‬ر&_ ‪ +‬ا ‪#=+‬آت ا> ‪#
$‬و(‪ A H‬زدة ا =‪P+‬‬
‫‪I#;
 4-4‬ف ‪ P+,  -‬ر&_ ‪ +‬ا ‪#=+‬آت ا> ‪#
$‬و(‪ A H‬ا ‪#S‬‬
‫‪I#;
 5-4‬ف ‪ P+,  -‬ر&_ ‪ +‬ا ‪#=+‬آت ا> ‪#
$‬و(‪ A H‬زدة ا
ر‬
‫‪I#J;
 6-4‬ف ‪ PJJ+, JJ -‬ر&‪ J+ _JJ‬ا ‪#JJ=+‬آت ا> ‪#
$‬و(‪JJ6 JJf HJJ‬ان‬
‫ا‪B‬و‪) _b‬ا‪ B‬ار(‬
‫‪I#J ;
 7-4‬ف ‪ PJJ+, JJ -‬ر&‪ JJ+ _JJ‬ا ‪#JJ=+‬آت ا> ‪#
$‬و(‪JJ, JJf HJJ‬م‬
‫ا‪U4‬ان ا‪B‬و‪_b‬‬
‫‪I#;
 8-4‬ف أدوات ا ‪ <=0‬وا ‪#;+‬ة ‪ H6‬ا ‪&#‬ت ا> ‪#
$‬و(‬
‫‪#ُ 9-4‬ا‪C H,‬ا‪ ,‬ا‪ AB‬وا @ ا ‪!+‬‬
‫‪ <=0 10-4‬ا
‪@1‬ت ا ‪RM#$‬‬
‫‪ <=0 11-4‬ا ارة ا ‪ &$
+‬ا
‪4 H‬م ‪ i
0 M‬وا>‪@X‬ق‬
‫‪ #1!, <=0 12-4‬ا ارة ا‪#GB‬ى‬
‫‪#"
 c 13-4‬ات ا ارة )‪b‬د و‪4‬رات(‬
‫‪ #;ُ 14-4‬ا ‪4 !, 3‬ر ا ‪ PS0‬ا ‪ Y!+‬ل زدة ا =‪P+‬‬
‫‪ #J;ُ 15-4‬ا ‪4 !, 3‬ر ا ‪ PS0‬ا ‪ Y!+‬ل ا
‪) #‬ا ‪ AU‬ا @زم‬

‪ #‬ا ‪#=+‬ك(‬
‫‪
 16-4‬ل ا ;!‪ #1‬ا
 ‪0‬‬

‫‪6‬‬
‫ا ‪3‬ـ‪U‬ء ا‪B‬ول‬
‫اـ‪#‬ــ‪3‬ـ‪5‬ــــ(ت اـ‪9‬ـــــ"‬
‫اـ‪F‬ــ‪%‬ـــ"‬

‫‪7‬‬
-:":^(<‫و‬S‫(ت ا‬3%‫ ا‬-1
Electromagnetic Relays

-:-:^(<‫و‬S‫_ ا‬3%‫ ا‬1%#6 1-1


Definition Of Electromagnetic Relay
lJJ&X‫ و‬i
JJ0M ‫م‬JJ4 HJJ$ m+SJJ4 RM#JJ‫ أداة آ‬JJ‫ه‬
RM#JJJJ‫ة آ‬UJJJJbnM &JJJJ1 RM#JJJJ‫ت آ‬JJJJ@4
‫&ت‬#JJ ‫ ا‬oaJJ‫م ه‬JJ4 JJ+‫ آ‬،PJJ14 ‫@ك‬JJ‫ أ‬9JJ‫ا‬M
. += ‫ زدة ا‬f ‫ات‬U3
‫ ا‬oa += ‫ ا‬A
M

-:":^(<‫و‬S‫(ت ا‬3%‫اع ا‬5H‫ أ‬2-1


Types Of Electromagnetic Relay
‫(اع‬B‫ ا‬qJ ‫ إ‬J !"‫و‬#$ ‫&ت ا‬#J ‫ ا‬mJ!4
-: 
‫ا‬
‫ار‬#JJJJJJJJ= ‫ ا‬JJJJJJJJ !"‫و‬#$ ‫&ت ا‬#JJJJJJJJ ‫ ا‬-‫أ‬
Thermal Electromagnetic Relay
HJJJJ !"‫و‬#$ ‫&_ ا‬#JJJJ ‫( ا‬1) P$JJJJt AّJJJJُ‫و‬
(1) ZS]
‫ ااري‬-:^(<‫و‬S‫_ ا‬3%‫ا‬ .‫اري‬#= ‫ا‬

HJJJJJJJ !"‫و‬#$ ‫ر ا‬JJJJJJJ


‫دة ا‬JJJJJJJ‫_ ز‬JJJJJJJ&‫ ر‬-‫ب‬
Electromagnetic Overcurrent
‫ر‬JJJJJJJJ
‫دة ا‬JJJJJJJJ‫_ ز‬JJJJJJJJ&‫( ر‬2) P$JJJJJJJJt AّJ JJJJJJُ
(2) ZS] .H !"‫و‬#$ ‫ا‬
":^(<‫و‬S‫(ر ا‬8‫(دة ا‬%‫(ت ز‬3%‫ر‬

xJJJJJJJJJ! ‫ ا‬JJJJJJJJJ !"‫و‬#$ ‫&ت ا‬#JJJJJJJJJ ‫ ا‬-‫ج‬


Electromagnetic Impulse Relay
HJJJJJ !"‫و‬#$ ‫&_ ا‬#JJJJJ ‫( ا‬3) P$JJJJJt AّJ JJJُ
.Hx! ‫ا‬
(3) ZS]
-b‫ ا‬-:^(<‫و‬S‫_ ا‬3%‫ا‬

8
HJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ !"‫و‬#$ ‫س ا‬JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ ‫_ ا‬JJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJ&‫ ر‬-‫د‬
Electromagnetic measuring Relay
(‫ د‬#JJJJJJJ6‫و‬D‫ة )ا‬R‫ا‬UJJJJJJJ ‫  ا‬JJJJJJJ+= ‫_ ا‬JJJJJJJ&‫ ر‬-‫ـ‬JJJJJJJ‫ه‬
Overload Relay
‫ة‬R‫ا‬UJJJJJJ ‫  ا‬JJJJJJ+= ‫_ ا‬JJJJJJ&‫( ر‬4) P$JJJJJJt AّJ JJJJُ
.(‫ د‬#6‫و‬D‫)ا‬

(4) ZS]
(‫د‬50‫و‬c‫ ة)ا‬P‫" ا&ا‬5‫_ ا‬3%‫ر‬
JJJJJJJJJJJ !"‫و‬#$ ‫! ا‬UJJJJJJJJJJ ‫&ت ا‬#JJJJJJJJJJ ‫ ا‬-‫و‬
Electromagnetic Time Relay
HJJJJJJJJJJJ!U ‫&_ ا‬#JJJJJJJJJJJ ‫( ا‬5) P$JJJJJJJJJJJt AّJ JJJJJJJJJُ
.H !"‫و‬#$ ‫ا‬
:":^(<‫و‬S‫(ت ا‬3%‫\ ا(ت ا‬8K‫ ا‬3-1
Uses Of Electromagnetic Relay

-:"%‫" اار‬:^(<‫و‬S‫(ت ا‬3%‫ ا‬-‫أ‬


 !"‫و‬#$ ‫آت ا‬#=+ ‫ ا‬+ HJ6 ‫
م‬J4
(5) ZS] .‫ آن‬Y ‫ي‬B 4‫ار‬# ‫! زدة‬,
"&‫" ا‬:^(<‫و‬S‫_ ا‬3%‫ا‬ -:-:^(<‫و‬S‫(ر ا‬8‫(دة ا‬%‫_ ز‬3%‫ ر‬-‫ب‬
‫ات‬UJJ3
‫ ا‬JJ+ HJJ6 ‫&ت‬#JJ ‫ ا‬oaJJ‫
م ه‬JJ4
‫ا‬a‫ ا
ر وآ‬H6  ; ‫دة ا‬U ‫ ا‬AJ J !"‫و‬#$ ‫ا‬
.‫رة‬#$
+ ‫دة ا‬U ‫ ا‬A
-:"b‫" ا‬:^(<‫و‬S‫(ت ا‬3%‫ ا‬-‫ج‬
HJJ6 HxJJ! ‫ ا‬HJJ !"‫و‬#$ ‫&_ ا‬#JJ ‫
م ا‬JJ
H(+ ‫ إ(رة ا‬H6 m$=
J ‫ ا‬HJ6 ‫
م‬J4 RM#J‫دارة آ‬
.‫ت‬DS ‫وا‬
-:":^(<‫و‬S‫(س ا‬N‫(ت ا‬3%‫ ر‬-‫د‬
(‫[;ر‬JJ
‫س )ا‬JJC HJJ6 ‫&ت‬#JJ ‫ ا‬oaJJ‫
م ه‬JJ4
A
5 ‫ وذ‬،‫دد‬#
‫ وا
ر وا‬3 ‫ ا‬PWJ ‫ات‬#J"
+ ‫ا‬
‫! زدة‬,‫ ;! و‬+C A, 3 ‫ هط ا‬A += ‫ا‬
.‫دد‬#
‫ض ا‬0(‫! زدة أو ا‬, 5 a‫ا
ر وآ‬

9
-:(‫د‬50‫و‬c‫ ة )ا‬P‫" ا&ا‬5‫_ ا‬3%‫ ر‬-‫هـ‬
. += ‫ ا‬H6 ً‫ا‬b  ; ‫دة ا‬U ‫ ا‬A +=& ‫
م‬
-:"&‫(ت ا‬3%‫ ا‬-‫و‬
PS0& ‫ ا @زم‬AU ‫= ا‬4 HJ6 HJ!U ‫&_ ا‬#J ‫
م ا‬J
9JJ‫ا‬M ًJJ R‫ا‬UJJ ‫ر ا‬JJ
‫  أو ا‬JJ+= ‫ ا‬HJJ6 ‫دة‬JJ‫ ز‬YJJM
.AU ‫
ر ا‬G‫
ح ا‬0
"eeّ‫" وا‬:ee^(<‫و‬S‫(ت ا‬3%ee‫(ت ا‬H5eeS -2
-:(3
Electromagnetic Relays
Components And Principle
Operation
Components -:‫(ت‬H5S‫ ا‬1-2
.H !"‫و‬#$ ‫&_ ا‬#& R# ‫(ت ا‬$+ ‫ ا‬Aُّ (6) P$t
JJR# ‫اء ا‬UJJbB‫ ا‬AJJ ‫&ت‬#JJ ‫اع ا‬JJ(‫ أ‬2JJ+b ‫ن‬$
JJ4
-: 
‫ا‬
.E ‫ف‬# P$t q&, VM~ ‫ ي‬Y&C -1
Y& ‫ ا‬ZS
! q&, VW (_!M ‫ )ا‬P"[
‫ ا‬Z& -2
.VMW ‫ا =ي ا‬
.(‫آ‬#=& PMC) ‫ك‬#=
 ‫ ي‬Y&C -3
(6) ZS]
":^(<‫و‬S‫(ت ا‬3%‫(ت ا‬H5S _;f ‫ك‬#=
+ ‫ ا‬Y& ‫ ; ا‬،‫ع‬b‫ ا>ر‬M( -4
.Z&+ ‫ر ا‬4 ‫ع‬9(‫; ا‬M H&1B‫ا‬
.(c@4) ‫س‬+4 -5
.c@
‫ ر[ ا‬-6
-:":^(<‫و‬S‫(ت ا‬3%‫ ا‬Z "g 2-2
H6 ‫ور ا
ر‬# !,  !"‫و‬#$ ‫&ت ا‬#J ‫ ا‬PJ+;4
YJJ& ‫ب ا‬aJJ3 HJJ !" ‫ل‬JJ3 n[JJ! €JJ _&#JJ ‫ ا‬ZJJ&
‫ت‬+
‫ع ا‬Jf‫ أو‬#J"4 qJ ‫دي إ‬J J+ ‫ك‬#J=
+ ‫ي ا‬J= ‫ا‬
qJJJ ‫ت إ‬JJJ+
‫د ا‬JJJ;4 ‫ر‬JJJ
‫ع ا‬JJJ9(‫! ا‬JJJ,‫ و‬،(‫ت‬JJJ@
‫)ا‬
.(‫ع )ا ي‬b‫ ا>ر‬M( P;0M 5 ‫; وذ‬9 ‫ ا‬,f‫أو‬
._&# ‫ € (ع ا‬A P+; ‫  ا‬- Z&
4‫و‬

10
-:"%‫" اار‬:^(<‫و‬S‫_ ا‬3%‫ ا‬Z "g 1-2-2
b‫دو‬UJJ _JJM PSJJ
 ‫ي‬aJJ ‫(ي ا‬WJJ ‫ ا‬ZJJ&+ ‫ ا‬HJJ6 ‫ر‬JJ4 ‫ض‬#JJ= HJ R‫
ا‬MD‫ ا‬ZJJ&+ ‫ ا‬HJJ6 ‫ر‬JJ4 ‫ور‬#JJ !JJ,
-:‫ن‬$  += ‫ ا‬H6 ‫دة‬U ‫! ا‬,‫ و‬،(‫;ي‬+ ‫ ا‬HR!~ #S!,) ‫ار‬#
.a"
‫ ا‬29C‫ و‬،&"+ ‫ت ا‬+
‫ ا‬PS6 q ‫ دي إ‬+ =0S ‫ ا‬H!=!4 ‫ة‬#"1 ‫دة‬U ‫ ا‬V(‫ إذا آ‬-‫أ‬
‫ ا
ر‬A, 34! ‫"!  ا ;  ا‬+ ‫ ا ة ا‬P;0M ً‫را‬6 =0S ‫ب ا‬a3!4 ‫ة‬#J‫دة آ‬UJ ‫ ا‬VJ(‫ إذا آ‬-‫ب‬
.‫را‬6 PS0 ‫=ث ا‬6 ،H ; ‫ا‬

-:":^(<‫و‬S‫(ر ا‬8‫(دة ا‬%‫_ ز‬3%‫ ر‬Z "g 2-2-2


ZJJ& HJJ6 o‫ور‬#JJ !JJ, ‫ك‬#JJ=
+ ‫ئ ا‬UJJ3 ‫ل‬aJJ3 H+JJD‫ر ا‬JJ
‫ ا‬HJJ0$ D €JJ=M _&#JJ ‫ ا‬oaJJ‫ ه‬m+SJJ4‫و‬
‫ت‬JJ+
‫ ا‬PSJJ6 qJJ ‫دي إ‬JJ JJ+ ‫ف‬JJ‫ آ‬P$[JJM ‫ة‬#JJ‫ر آ‬JJ
‫ ا‬+JJC ‫ن‬JJ$4 !JJ, 5JJ ‫ث ذ‬JJ= PJJM ،_&#JJ ‫ا‬
.RM#$ ‫ات ا‬U3
‫ ا‬A, ‫ة‬R‫ا‬U ‫ ا‬a"
‫ ا‬29C H 
M‫ و‬،&"+ ‫ا‬

-:"b‫" ا‬:^(<‫و‬S‫_ ا‬3%‫ ا‬Z "g 3-2-2


‫
م‬6‫ن آ‬$ (x() ‫ا‬b #"1 AUM a"
‫ ا‬3 M3
D‫! ا‬$+ €=M _&# ‫ ا‬oa‫ ه‬m+SJ4
.Y&9 ‫ ا‬Y ‫ى‬#G‫ داران إ(رة أ‬PS6‫ داران إ(رة و‬P1 4+4 P
M _&# ‫ا‬

-:":^(<‫و‬S‫(س ا‬N‫(ت ا‬3%‫ ر‬Z "g 4-2-2


PS6 H 
M‫ و‬،_&#J ‫ ا‬ZJ& #J=
M (+JD‫ )ا‬J= ‫ ا‬+J ‫ ا‬qJ ‫ر إ‬J
‫ أو ا‬J3 ‫ل ا‬J1‫! و‬J,
.P+= ‫ ا‬A, a"
‫ا‬

-:(‫د‬50‫و‬c‫ ة )ا‬P‫" ا&ا‬5‫_ ا‬3%‫ ر‬Z "g 5-2-2


 - _[4‫
_ و‬+ ‫اد‬#+ ‫ز ا‬3 ‫ ا‬m~ A‫ و‬،‫(

ر‬$M _&14 ‫ أس‬qJ&, _&#J ‫ ا‬oaJ‫ ه‬PJ+, +
J;
. ; ‫ت ا‬,9
D‫ات ذات ا‬U3
‫ ا‬+= SSG m+S _(‫ أ‬#X ‫ار‬#= ‫&_ ا‬# ‫ ا‬P+,  - _&+,

11
-:(‫زه‬5‫" ور‬:^(<‫و‬S‫(ت ا‬3%‫(ت ا‬9)‫ا‬5 -3
Electromagnetic Relays Classifications And Theirs Symbols
-:":^(<‫و‬S‫(ت ا‬3%‫(ت ا‬9)‫ا‬5 1-3
.b‫_ ا ر‬9 ‫ أ‬q&, _&‫ت أي ر‬01‫ ا‬#F4
‫ت‬JJJJ@
‫د ا‬JJJJ, ‫ت‬0JJJJ1‫ا‬+ ‫ ا‬oaJJJJ‫ ه‬AJJJJ4‫و‬
.‫ب‬9CB‫ و(ع ا‬،_&# ‫ ا‬b‫ر و‬4 ،‫ءه‬+‫وأ‬
AJJJJ AJJJJ,( ‫ت‬0JJJJ1‫ ا‬iJJJJf (7) P$JJJJt
! H
‫ وا‬Ab‫ ا ر‬+=9 qJ&, ‫&ت‬#J ‫ا‬
.(1) ‫ول‬b

B A
(7) ZS]
‫(ت‬3%‫(ت ا‬9)‫ا‬5
(1) ‫ ول‬$
‫(ت‬3%‫(ت ا‬9)‫ا‬5
_3%‫ع ا‬5H ‫(ر‬8‫(ل ا‬+ 13‫أ^اف ا‬ ‫(ت‬K(8‫(ت ا‬9)‫ا‬5 -Kc‫ ا‬+‫ا‬
PS6‫ و‬P1‫و‬ #‫( أ‬5-10) 2.7 #R‫دا‬ V 6 250
-:€ A ‫&ت‬# ‫(ت ا‬$ ‫ت‬01‫ ا‬Aُّ (2) ‫ول‬b
_&# ‫
ر ا‬G‫ت ا‬01‫ ا‬،‫ &"@ف وا !ت‬VW
‫ت ا‬01‫ ا‬،(‫ت‬J@
‫ت )ا‬J+
‫ت ا‬0J1‫ا‬
.H !"‫و‬#$ ‫ا‬
(2) ‫ ول‬$
":^(<‫و‬S‫(ت ا‬3%‫(ت ا‬9)‫ا‬5
_3%‫(ر ا‬8i‫(ت ا‬9)‫ا‬5 j/8‫(ت ا‬9)‫ا‬5 ‫(ت‬K(8‫(ت ا‬9)‫ا‬5
‫ت‬JJJJJ+
& H+JJJJJD‫ر ا‬JJJJJ
‫ا‬
._&# ‫ل ا
ام ا‬3 .HX‫ا‬# M VOW4 ‫ت‬6@X
.(‫)ا
@ت‬
&+=
4 H
‫ارة ا‬#J= ‫ ا‬Jb‫در‬
.Z&+& H+D‫ ا
ر ا‬+C Y .‫ آ([ت‬9‫ا‬M VOW4 ‫ت‬6@X
.‫ت‬+
‫ا‬
(‫ت‬JJJJJ+
‫ت )ا‬JJJJJ@
‫د ا‬JJJJJ, YJJJJJ ‫ري‬JJJ3 qJJJ&, VOJJJW4 ‫ت‬JJJ&‫ ر‬P$JJJt qJJJ&, 4#JJJ ‫ت‬JJJ+4
4#4 # ‫و‬ .(#R‫)~ب دا‬ . ‫ي‬#R‫دا‬
‫م‬JJ= ) _&#JJ M ‫@ك‬JJB‫ ا‬PJJ14 #JJ
. L"x M VOW4 ‫ر&ت‬ .‫(ع دة ا
@ت‬
.(HX‫ا‬#M ‫أو‬
220 ،48 ،24 ، 15) P"[JJJJJ
‫ ا‬JJJJJb +JJJJJC ‫ت‬JJJJ@
‫اف ا‬#JJJJ ‫ أ‬mC#JJJJ4
.VW
‫ ا‬,‫ا‬C ‫ (ع‬Y
(‫ و
!وب‬#+
) _,(‫
( و‬6 .... .Z&+ ‫ ا‬H6# ‫و‬
12
‫&ت‬#JJJJJJ ‫ـ‬,‫ا‬JJJJJJ‫ وا ــ‬VJJJJJJW
‫ـــت وا‬JJJJJJ‫ــت ا ـ
ـ@ـ‬0‫ـ‬JJJJJJ1‫( ــا‬8) P$JJJJJJt AّJ JJJJُ
. !"‫و‬#‫آ‬
‫&_ ذات‬#JJJ ‫ة ا‬JJJ,C HJJJ‫ ه‬A €JJJ JJJ‫&_ وا‬#JJJ ًJ J;9C AJJJ4 (C ، B ، A 8) ‫ل‬$JJJtB6
P$t Aُّ‫ و‬.HbbU ‫ وا "@ف ا‬#R‫ب ا ا‬9CB‫&_ ذي ا‬# ‫ ا‬mb ‫ ه‬B ‫ و‬#R‫ري ا ا‬J3+ ‫ا‬
._4,C q&, ً
W _&# ‫( ا‬8C)
H‫( ه‬G) P$[ ‫ € ا‬#G- H !"‫و‬#‫&_ آ‬# 29C A4 ( G ، F ،E 8) ‫ل‬$JtB‫وا‬
VW4 Aُّ (E) P$[ ‫ وا‬،_&‫ ر‬mb ‫ ( ه‬F) P$[J ‫ وا‬،‫ف‬0J1 P$[JM ‫ري‬J3+ ‫_ ذات ا‬J4,C
._4,C q&, _&# ‫ا‬
‫ب‬9C‫ وأ‬H$
@ ‫@ف ا‬J" ‫  ذي ا‬J+= ‫دة ا‬J‫ ز‬AJ J+= ‫_ ا‬J&‫ ر‬AّJُ (D) P$[J ‫ ا‬+!JM
.Z1 P$[M ~@W ‫_ ا‬40&

(A) (B) (C) (D)

(E) (F) (G)


(8) ZS]
‫ا ـ‬5‫ـ‬N‫ واـ‬j‫ـــ‬/‫ـ‬8‫ـــ(ت و اـ‬:‫ــ‬8‫ــ(ت اـ‬9‫ا)ـ‬5‫ــ‬

13
-:":^(<‫و‬S‫(ت ا‬3%‫ز ا‬5‫ ر‬2-3
ً J ‫ آ‬JJ !"‫و‬#$ ‫&ت ا‬#JJ ‫ز ا‬JJ‫ ر‬AJJ4
@
(9) P$JJt ،‫ت‬JJ0&+ ‫ز ا‬J‫ت ور‬JJ+
‫ز ا‬JJ‫ ر‬AJ
._&#& ‫م‬, U‫ ر‬Aُّ
(9) ZS] .a"
‫!ع ا‬M ً‫ت =دا‬+
‫د ا‬, ‫ن‬$‫و‬
-:^(<‫و‬S‫_ ا‬3%‫ر& ا‬ (4 q ‫ إ‬1 A) ‫ر‬9 ‫أد ا‬
(6 q ‫ إ‬1 A) ‫ر‬9 ‫~@~ ا‬
JJa"4 ‫د‬JJb‫م و‬JJ, JJ  HJJ6 ‫ت‬JJ+
‫ن ا‬JJ$4‫و‬
N/C 
0+ ‫ ! ا‬: A
 q&,
. ; _&" : ‫أ‬#ُ4‫و‬
.; 
0 ‫أ‬#ُ4‫ و‬N/O 
0+ ‫و! ا‬
، N/C ‫ت‬JJJ+
‫ز ا‬JJJ‫ ر‬AّJJJُ (10) P$JJJt
(10) ZS]
-#^ ZSV; "589‫" وا‬N3<‫(ت ا‬K(8‫ز ا‬5‫ر‬ .N/O
AJJ
= ‫ ا‬2JJ+34 9&
JJ ‫ى‬#JJG‫ أ‬JJ  bJJ‫و‬
.M@ ‫ت ا‬+
M qI+ُ4‫ و‬A4‫آر‬a+ ‫ا‬
.‫س ا @ب‬+
‫ ا‬U‫( ر‬11) P$t Aُّ
JJ1 ‫ز ا‬#JJ ‫ ا‬JJ;M (3) ‫ول‬JJb iJJf‫و‬
(11) ZS] .‫ت‬0&+ ‫ت وا‬+
M
‫ب‬, ‫(س‬6 &‫ر‬
(3) ‫ ول‬$
":^(<‫و‬S‫(ت ا‬3%‫ ا‬l# ‫(ت‬93‫(ت و‬K(6 ‫ز‬5‫ر‬
_K‫ا‬ 13‫ر& ا‬ _K‫ا‬ ‫(س‬8‫ر& ا‬

(‫دوج‬U Z& ) A0&+M _&‫ر‬ N/C ‫اري‬# P+ ‫س زدة‬+4

N/O ‫
ح‬0 H6f‫س إ‬+4 54-53
!‫ ر&_ ز‬Z&
N/C l&" H6f‫س إ‬+4 62-61

x( _&‫ ر‬Z& N/O ‫


ح‬0 H!‫ ز‬H6f‫س إ‬+4

(66-65)،(58-57) ‫ت‬JJJJJJJJJJJJJJ+
‫ا‬
A +=& ‫ار‬# _J&‫ ر‬ZJ&
.‫ ر‬A‫; ز‬M +;f‫ن و‬D
P+= ‫زدة ا‬
AU M _ C@, D (12-11) ‫س‬+
‫ا‬

14
‫(ت‬3%eeeeeeee‫ ا‬Leeeeeeee+6‫ و‬meeeeeeee0 ‫ أدوات‬-4
-:":^(<‫و‬S‫ا‬

(A) 12 P$t HX‫ا‬#M 50 -‫أ‬


(A) (B) 12 P$t ‫ زراد‬-‫ب‬

(B)

(12) ZS]
_3%‫ ا‬L+6‫ و‬m0 ‫أدوات‬
-:":^(<‫و‬S‫(ت ا‬3%‫(ل ا‬2 ‫ أ‬-5
‫ أن‬A$+ H
‫ل ا‬J9,B‫ ا‬mJ‫( أه‬4) ‫ول‬Jb AّJُ
‫و"!  وأب‬#$ ‫&ت ا‬# ‫ ا‬J ‫ض‬#J;
4
Y!JJ34 JJM !JJ!$+ HJJ
‫ق ا‬#JJ9 ‫ ا‬2JJ ‫ل‬JJ9,B‫ ا‬oaJJ‫ه‬
.‫ل‬9,B‫ ا‬oa‫ه‬

(4) ‫ ول‬$
(3‫(;( و‬K‫" وأ‬:^(<‫و‬S‫(ت ا‬3%‫(ل ا‬2 ‫أ‬
(_+6 ) Z2#‫ ا‬Z Z2#‫ ا‬IK Z2#‫ا‬ =,‫ا‬
‫ه‬#JJJ1!, ‫
ال‬JJJ‫ وا‬،m$=
JJJ ‫< دارة ا‬JJ=6 HJJ !"‫و‬#$ ‫ ا‬YJJ&& „JJ P"[JJ4
. (&‫آ‬n4) ‫ت‬+
‫اء ا‬#
‫اه‬ 1
.0 
‫ا‬ .m$=
‫ دارة ا‬H6 P&G YM
,9
‫@ت وأ ا  وا‬M$ ‫ ا‬29 <J=6 HJJJJ6 ‫@ع‬JJJJC>‫ر ا‬JJJJ
qJJJJ+F; ‫ ا‬+JJJJ ‫ا‬
a"
‫ط ا‬9G H6 3 ‫هط ا‬ 2
. "
‫=ل ا‬ .‫ك‬#=+ ‫ا‬
. _&‫ ر‬2 ‫ آ(

ر‬LM# . ‫ت‬+
‫ ا‬HM ‫ل‬S4‫ا‬ m$=
‫ دارة ا‬H6 3 ‫هط ا‬ 3
q ‫ ا‬A
(~ ‫ار‬+M H!‫ ز‬#Gn4 A4
.P‫ آ‬P$[M _&# ‫@ق ا‬X‫م إ‬, .m$=
‫ت ا‬+4 ‫از‬U
‫اه‬ 4
.H!‫ ر&_ ز‬9‫ا‬M ‫~@ث ~ان‬
JJJJ(~ 3-2 ‫ار‬JJJJ+ HJJJJ!‫ ز‬#JJJJGn4 AJJJJ4 ‫دة‬JJJ,‫! إ‬JJ, …
JJ!4 JJJ$, ‫ك‬#JJ= ‫ة‬JJC
‫ة‬#M; ‫ ا =  ا‬H6 P1 ‫ ا‬P[6 5
.!‫ ر&_ ز‬9‫ا‬M . ‫@ع‬C>‫ا‬
3 ‫ ا‬A PC‫&_ أ‬# ‫ ا‬ZJ& Ja"4 Jb H9;4 U
4  !"+ ‫ارة ا‬J ‫ا‬
. HR# ‫ ا‬a"
‫ ا‬b <=6 6
.H+D‫ا‬ . 33f
‫س‬+ ‫ ا‬3 ‫ ا‬2 Z&+ ‫ ا‬b JM9 YJ3 PJJJJJJ;0M P"[JJJJJ
‫ ا‬ZJJJJJ& ZJJJJJ&4
. +D‫ ا‬+ ‫ ا‬A #‫ أآ‬a"
‫ ا‬b 7
. ‫ات‬U3
‫ (ت ا‬q&, . ; ‫ارة ا‬#= ‫ا‬

15
‫(ت‬3%eeee‫ة ا‬eeee%(#‫ و‬oeeee0 ‫ أدوات‬-6
-:":^(<‫و‬S‫ا‬
‫ر‬JJ
‫ة ا‬#JJ;‫< و‬JJ=0 :#JJ
 #JJB‫ز ا‬JJb -‫أ‬
_&#& H+D‫ا‬
JJ3 ‫ة ا‬#JJ;‫< و‬JJ=0 :#JJ
+
0 ‫ز ا‬JJb -‫ب‬
._&#& H+D‫ا‬
ZJJJJ& JJJJ‫س و‬JJJJ :#JJJJ
‫و‬D‫ز ا‬JJJJb -‫ج‬
5 aJJJJ‫@
_ وآ‬JJJJ AJJJJ ‫آ‬n
JJJJ ‫ وا‬،P"[JJJJ
‫ا‬
._&# ‫=< @ @ت ا‬0
oaJJM ‫م‬JJ ‫ز‬JJb JJ&+; ‫ة ا‬JJ= ‫ ا‬HJJ6 bJJ‫و‬
‫س‬+ ‫ )ا‬#
6B‫ز ا‬b q+J J&‫ت آ‬J ‫ا‬
.(13) P$t (‫
;د‬+ ‫ا‬

(13) ZS]
(850D‫ د )ا‬#8‫(س ا‬N‫(ز ا‬$

‫(ت‬3%eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee‫ة ا‬eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee%(# -7
-:":^(<‫و‬S‫ا‬
9‫ا‬M  !"‫و‬#$ ‫&_ ا‬# ‫ة ا‬#; m

‫ة‬#;+ ‫ ا‬m
J4 ‫ى‬#JG‫ن أ‬J‫ أ‬HJ6‫ة و‬#J;+ ‫ ا‬HJX#M
،‫ة‬#JJJJ;+ ‫ ذراع ا‬q+JJJJ ‫ص‬JJJJG ‫ ذراع‬9JJJJ‫ا‬M
JJJJJ($‫ إ‬5&
JJJJJ+4 D ‫ى‬#JJJJJG‫ت أ‬JJJJJ&‫!ك ر‬JJJJJ‫وه‬
.‫ة‬#;+ ‫ا‬
‫ة ذات‬R‫ا‬U ‫  ا‬+= ‫_ ا‬J&‫( ر‬14) P$Jt AّJُ
(14) ZS] ‫ة‬#JJJ; AJJJ$+ _
9JJJ‫ا‬M ‫ي‬aJJJ ‫ة وا‬#JJJ;+ ‫ذراع ا‬
‫ة‬%(#‫ ة ذات ذراع ا‬P‫" ا&ا‬5‫_ ا‬3%‫ر‬ .b= ‫ ا‬Y _&#& H+D‫ا
ر ا‬

16
-:"H‫و‬8Sp‫(ت ا‬3%‫ ا‬-8
Electronic Relays
-:(‫و‬#
$ >‫&ت ا‬# ‫ ا‬A A,( ‫ه!ك‬
JJ ‫ إ‬ZJJf‫ أ‬JJ !"‫ و‬#JJ‫ت آ‬JJ&‫ ر‬-‫أ‬
.(‫و‬#
$ ‫ إ‬#1!,
(...، ‫ت‬0WJJ$ ، ‫ت‬JJR!~ ، ‫
رات‬JJU(‫ا‬#4)
.‫ت‬+
‫ ا‬l&X‫ و‬i
6 &+;M m$=
&
.(&$
 ‫و( )دارات‬#
$ ‫ ر&ت إ‬-‫ب‬
AJJJJJ 0&
JJJJJ ‫اع‬JJJJJ(‫ أ‬AّJJJJُ (15) P$JJJJJt
.(‫و‬#
$ >‫&ت ا‬# ‫ا‬
-:-H‫و‬8Sp‫_ ا‬3%‫ ا‬Z "g 1-8
qJJJ&, HJJJ(‫و‬#
$ ‫_ إ‬JJJ&‫ أي ر‬PJJJ+, JJJ - +
JJJ;4
‫دة‬JJ‫ ز‬AJJ RM#JJ$ ‫ارة ا‬JJ ‫ ا‬HJJ6 PJJ&G ‫ أي‬cJJ=4
.‡ ‫ ا‬... #S ‫  أو ا‬+= ‫ ا‬H6
P& ‫م أ~!ء ا‬4 1G ‫ 
=ت‬l# AJ,
.a"
‫ ا‬A, RM#$ ‫ات ا‬U3
‫ ا‬PS6 &+;M
(15) ZS] JJJ($ˆM (‫و‬#JJJ
$ >‫&ت ا‬#JJJ ‫ ا‬oaJJJ‫ ه‬UJJJ+
4‫و‬
" 58 "H‫و‬8S‫(ت إ‬3%‫ر‬
=4‫ و‬l&" ‫ وا‬i
0 ‫& ا‬+; ‫ا‬b ‫ة‬#‫ آ‬JCM LxJ ‫ا‬
‫ وا
ر‬3& +JD‫ ا‬+J ‫ وا‬lJ&" ‫ وا‬i
J0 ‫ ا‬AJ‫ز‬
.‫دد‬#
‫وا‬

-:-H‫و‬8Sp‫" اآ(ت ا‬%( _3%‫ ر‬Z "g 2-8


=4 l# A, +=& HJ(‫و‬#
$ >‫&_ ا‬#J ‫
م ا‬J(
‫
رات‬#~ H6 ‫
ي‬J=4 HJ
‫ك ا‬#J=+ ‫ت ا‬J0& HJ6 ‫ارة‬#J=&
‫دة‬UJJ 3JJ
(‫( و‬PTC JJb ‫ار‬#JJ ‫ت‬JJ‫ )و‬JJb
‫دة‬JJJ‫ز‬: ‫ن‬JJJ‫ آ‬YJJJ ‫ي‬B ‫ك‬#JJJ=+ ‫ت ا‬JJJ0&+M ‫ارة‬#JJJ= ‫ ا‬JJJb‫در‬
‫م‬JJ, ‫_ أو‬JJb‫و‬B‫ان ا‬JJ6 ،‫ر‬JJ
‫ ا‬HJJ6 ‫دة‬JJ‫ ز‬،#SJJC ، JJ+= ‫ا‬
P"[
‫ دارة ا‬i
0M (‫و‬#
$ >‫&_ ا‬#J ‫
م ا‬J6 ،_Jb‫و‬B‫ان ا‬UJ4‫ا‬
.( += ‫ ا‬An4 ‫&ب‬9+ ‫ات ا‬U3
‫ ا‬A, a"
‫< ا‬6)

17
P$t q&, H(‫و‬#
$ ‫_ إ‬J&‫( ر‬16) P$Jt AّJُ‫و‬
.+= ‫& ا‬+;M ‫م‬4 &$
 ‫دارة‬

(A) (B)

(C)
. _&# ‫ ا‬P$t (A)
. _6‫ا‬# ‫ أ‬Aُّ _&# ‫ ا‬L9 ( B)
. _&# ‫;د ا‬M‫ أ‬Aُّ L9 ( C)
(16) ZS]
("3(S8‫ )ا ارة ا‬-H‫و‬8Sp‫_ ا‬3%‫ا‬

‫ك‬eeeee‫" ا‬eeeee%( _eeeee3%‫ ر‬Zeeeee "eeeeeg 3-8


‫ة‬#;+ ‫
ح ا‬0 -:Z‫(دة ا‬%‫  ز‬-H‫و‬8Sp‫ا‬
‫ر‬JJ
G‫ ا‬iJJ40 ‫د‬JJbM ‫&ت‬#JJ ‫ ا‬oaJJ‫ ه‬UJJ+
4
P+, Lf 
9‫ا‬M A$+ B‫ ا‬b‫ ا ا‬qJ&,
.M&9+ ‫ت ا‬b
D‫ ا‬l6‫&_ و‬# ‫ا‬
‫ زدة‬q ‫  دي إ‬+= ‫ ا‬HJ6 ‫دة‬J‫وث ز‬J ‫أن‬
‫&ت‬#JJJJJ ‫ ا‬oaJJJJJ‫ ه‬29
JJJJJ4 ،‫ك‬#JJJJJ=+ ‫ارة ا‬#JJJJJ
‫ارة‬#JJJ JJJb‫ در‬AJJJM ‫ق‬#JJJ0 ‫ ا‬JJJ(‫و( ر‬#JJJ
$ >‫ا‬
‫ارة‬#JJ= ‫ ا‬JJb‫  ودر‬JJ+= ‫دة ا‬JJ‫ ز‬YJJM ‫ك‬#JJ=+ ‫ا‬
AJJ+ ‫ة ا‬#JJ;+ ‫
ح ا‬JJ0 9JJ‫ا‬M ‫دة‬JJ=+ ‫ ا‬JJ;9 ‫ا‬
_&#JJ ‫
م ا‬JJ6 ،(17) P$JJt _&#JJ ‫ ا‬JJb‫ وا‬qJJ&,
(17) ZS] €JJ ‫ا‬#JJ‫ق آ‬#JJ0 ‫ن ا‬JJ$ !JJ, PSJJ0 ‫ ا‬JJ&+;M
‫(دة‬%‫  ز‬-H‫و‬8Sp‫" اك ا‬%( _3%‫ر‬ .‫ك‬#=+ ‫ ا‬q&, ‫ا‬#9G P$[
45085 "5‫ا‬

18
AّJJُ (18) P$JJJt HJJJ6 iJJJf+ ‫ ا‬LJJJ9+ ‫وا‬
. Load  += M ‫&ت‬# ‫ ا‬oa‫ ه‬P14

(18) ZS] ‫ك‬eeeee‫" ا‬eeeee%( _eeeee3%‫ ر‬Zeeeee "eeeeeg 4-8


-H‫و‬8Sp‫" ا‬5‫(دة ا‬%‫_ ز‬3%‫ ر‬Z)56
(‫" )اك‬5(;
-:?N‫  ا‬-H‫و‬8Sp‫ا‬
HJJR!~ #SJJ!, qJJ&, ‫&ت‬#JJ ‫ ا‬oaJJ‫
ي ه‬JJ=4
‫ا‬a‫ ه‬H!=! 4‫ار‬# b‫ در‬204#J4 !J, ،‫ن‬J;+ ‫ا‬

0+ ‫ت ا‬+
‫ ا‬P1‫ و‬q ‫ دي إ‬+ #SJ!; ‫ا‬
.&"+ ‫ت ا‬+
‫ ا‬PS6‫و‬
‫ر‬4 _!, …
! ‫ة‬#R‫ ا ا‬H6 #SC ‫وث‬J !J,‫و‬
mJJ~ AJJ‫ات و‬#SJJ!+ ‫ ا‬AJJ4 qJJ ‫دي إ‬JJ JJ ,
‫!ء‬JJJ=(‫ ا‬YJJJ4 _&#JJJ ‫ ا‬HJJJ6 HJJJ , ‫ر‬JJJ4 ‫ور‬#JJJ
PSJJ0 ‫ث ا‬JJ= HJJ 
M‫ن و‬JJ;+ ‫ ا‬HJJR!~ #SJJ!; ‫ا‬
.‫ك‬#=+ ‫ ا‬+ m
4‫و‬
‫ك‬eeeee‫" ا‬eeeee%( _eeeee3%‫ ر‬Zeeeee "eeeeeg 5-8
-:‫(ر‬8‫(دة ا‬%‫  ز‬-H‫و‬8Sp‫ا‬
‫ف‬JJJJˆM (‫و‬#JJJJ
$ >‫&ت ا‬#JJJJ ‫ ا‬oaJJJJ‫م ه‬JJJJ4
q ‫ ا
ر إ‬+JC PSJ4 J+  PJ+; ‫ ا‬AJ, ‫ك‬#J=+ ‫ا‬
. ‫  دت‬, +C
+ ‫ ا‬A,  , +C qJ ‫ر إ‬J
‫دة ا‬J‫! ز‬J,‫و‬
_4JJ+4 HJJ(‫و‬#
$ >‫&_ ا‬#JJ ‫ ا‬i
JJ0 JJ ‫دة‬JJ=+ ‫ا‬
.‫ك‬#=+& += ‫ ا‬5 aM l=‫و‬
:M9C‫&_ وأ‬# ‫ ا‬oa‫ ه‬Aُّ (19) P$t
(19) ZS] PG ‫ب ا‬9C‫ أ‬PW+4 C1 ، B1 ، A1
‫(ر‬8‫(دة ا‬%‫  ز‬-H‫و‬8Sp‫" اك ا‬%( _3%‫ر‬ ‫ج‬# ‫ب ا‬9C‫ أ‬PW+4 C2 ،B2 ،A2

19
‫‪ Ze "eg 6-8‬ر‪ "%( _3%‬اك ا‪8Sp‬و‪-H‬‬
‫‪ N0 A‬ان ا‪D‬و‪) _$‬ا‪5^D‬ار(‪-:‬‬
‫=‪J‬ث ‪J6‬ان أ ا‪B‬و‪) _b‬ا‪ B‬ار( ‪ !,‬ا
‪#‬اق‬
‫إى ا ‪#S!+‬ات ا ‪ q&, _;  M#+‬ا ‪ ،_b‬و‪4‬م‬
‫ا ‪ (_&#‬ا> ‪#
$‬و( ‪ c=
M‬ا =‪#‬ارة ا ‪U‬ا‪R‬ة ‪ A,‬ه‪a‬ا‬
‫ا ;‪
JJJJ6 PJJJJ9‬م ‪ JJJJ&+;M‬ا ‪AّJ JJُ (20) P$JJJJt ،PSJJJJ0‬‬
‫ه‪ oa‬ا ‪&#‬ت‪.‬‬
‫‪ Ze "eg 7-8‬ر‪ "e%( _ee3%‬ا‪ee‬ك ‪ ee eA‬م‬
‫ا‪&6‬ان ا‪D‬و‪) _$‬ا‪5^D‬ار(‪-:‬‬
‫‪ 6JJf>M‬إ ‪JJ&+, qJJ‬ت ا ‪#JJ+‬ا‪ C‬ا
‪JJ4 HJJ‬م ‪JJM‬‬
‫ر&‪J‬ت ا ‪ m$=
J‬وا ‪#J+‬ا‪ AJ
C‬ا =‪J+‬ت ا ‪M‬‬
‫]‪(20) ZS‬‬
‫‪UJ‬ا‪J4 4‬م أ‪ +=M x‬ا ‪#=+‬ك ‪, f‬م ا‪U4D‬ان‬
‫ر‪ "%( _3%‬اك ا‪8Sp‬و‪(N0 A -H‬ن ا‪D‬و‪_$‬‬
‫ا
‪J=4 HJ‬ث ‪ Y4#J4 HJ6 PJJ4 YJM‬أ ‪J‬ار )أو‪(_JJb‬‬
‫ا ‪#J=+‬ك ‪ +‬دي إ ‪ q‬ا(;‪$‬س ا‪ o34‬ا ورات ا‪#B‬‬
‫ا ‪aJ‬ي ‪J‬دي إ ‪ #J"4 qJ‬ا‪ o34‬ا ;‪;S H6 @W+6 ،P+‬‬
‫‪ˆJ6‬ن ‪,‬م ا‪U4D‬ان دي إ ‪ q‬ا ‪ ;S+‬إذا آن ‪  H6‬‬
‫‪;1‬د ‪   H6 iS‬هط ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -9‬أدوات ‪ o0‬و‪%(#‬ة ا‪(3%‬ت ا‪8Sp‬و‪-:"H‬‬


‫أ‪b -‬ز ا‪) #
6B‬ا ‪+‬س ا ‪;
+‬د(‪.‬‬
‫ب‪#M 50 -‬ا‪.P9
 HX‬‬
‫‪5, -10‬ا ا‪ D‬وا‪ ":‬ا"‪-:‬‬
‫‪ PS6 -1‬ا ‪ _&#‬ا ‪&9+‬ب ‪S A, 
(1‬ر ا
"‪ a‬ا ‪.RM#$‬‬
‫‪ YJ3 -2‬ا‪
J‬ام ‪$0‬ت ا ‪#‬ا‪ Z9&M HX‬و‪a‬ر أ~!ء ا ‪ 50‬وا
‪#‬آ‪ Y‬وا ‪#;+‬ة 
‪ D q‬دي ذ ‪5‬‬
‫إ ‪ Z&4 q‬ا ‪U3‬ء ا ‪#+‬اد ‪ _$6‬أو ‪#4‬آ_ أو ;‪._4#‬‬
‫‪ YJ3 -3‬أ‪ aJG‬ا =‪aJ‬ر ‪ Z& ZF!4 !,‬ا
["‪U+4 [G P‬ق ا ‪ Z&+‬أو زوال ا ‪+‬دة ا ;ز  
‪D q‬‬
‫دي إ ‪ q‬وث ‪ #SC‬آ‪ P"[4 !, HRM#‬ا ‪._&#‬‬
‫‪ Y3 -4‬ا ‪ C‬وا =‪a‬ر أ~!ء (‪U‬ع أو ‪#4‬آ‪ Y‬ر‪ d‬ا
@‪ c‬ا>‪.6f‬‬
‫‪ ZF! -5‬ا ‪M _&#‬ا‪M 9‬خ ‪
= D‬ي ‪ q&,‬ز‪.V‬‬
‫‪, -6‬م إ‪,‬دة ‪ P"[4‬ا ‪ Y 6#; PC _&#‬ا ;‪ P9‬وإزا
_‪.‬‬
‫‪ -7‬م  ك ا   اآ ا
ر‪.‬‬

‫‪20‬‬
‫ا ـ‪3‬ــ‪U‬ء ا ـ‪W‬ـ(ـ‪H‬‬
‫‪6‬ـــــ(ر‪%‬ــ اـ‪8‬ــ ر‪%‬ـــ‪I‬‬
‫اــ‪#‬ــــ‪3‬ـ‪-‬‬
‫<‬

‫‪21‬‬
‫ر‪ =,‬ا‪(1) :%8‬‬ ‫ا‪ =K‬ا‪ m0 :%8‬و‪ L+6‬ا‪(3%‬ت ا‪S‬و<(^‪":‬‬

‫ا‪D‬ه اف ا‪ 8‬ر‪ "%‬ـــ ‪ L,58%‬أن ‪ '?%‬ا‪ 8‬رب ‪(,‬دراً ‪ W3‬أن‪-:‬‬


‫‪ U3 -1‬ا
@ت ا
ر ا @ز
!‪ a0‬ا
‪.A#+‬‬
‫‪ 50 -2‬أ‪Ub‬اء ا ‪&#‬ت ا ‪#$‬و"! ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 2+3 -3‬أ‪Ub‬اء ا ‪&#‬ت ا ‪#$‬و"! ‪.‬‬

‫ا‪&+8‬ات وا‪:8‬ت ا‪ 8‬ر‪ "%‬از"‪-:‬‬


‫‪M -2‬خ ‪ZF!4‬‬ ‫‪#M 50 -1‬ا‪HX‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ر&ت آ‪#‬و"! ‬ ‫‪t#6 -3‬ة ‪ZF!4‬‬
‫‪ -5‬زراد‬

‫‪52i‬ات ‪ U96‬ا‪-:%8‬‬
‫ا‪(5K‬ت ا‪"A58‬‬ ‫ا\‪52‬ات وا‪(N‬ط ا(آ"‬
‫‪ Ub -1‬ا
@ت ا
ر ا @ز‪.‬‬
‫‪ 5JJJJJ6 -2‬أ‪UJJJJJb‬اء ا ‪ _&#JJJJJ‬ا ‪#$‬و"! ‪P$JJJJJt HJJJJJ‬‬
‫)‪ (21‬آŠ‪-:H4‬‬
‫أ‪ -‬د (ط ا
‪ H6 LM#‬ا ‪_&#‬‬
‫ب‪ -‬د ا‪ PG‬ا ‪@1+‬ت‪.‬‬
‫ج‪ -‬ا‪ PS6‬ا
‪@1‬ت ا ‪.RM#$‬‬
‫د‪ Z& 56 -‬ا
["‪.P‬‬
‫ه‪JJJ‬ـ‪JJJ -‬د ‪J J$‬ن و(‪JJJ‬ع ا ‪ 2JJJ9‬ا =‪ JJJ‬ا ‪(#JJJ+‬‬
‫ &‪._&#‬‬
‫و‪ 56 -‬ا &‪ Y‬ا ‪._&#& H !"+‬‬
‫ز‪ Z& 56 -‬ا
["‪.P‬‬
‫]‪(21) ZS‬‬
‫‪ 2+b -3‬أ‪Ub‬اء ا ‪ _&#‬ا ‪#$‬و"! ‪ H‬آŠ‪-:H4‬‬
‫أ‪ -‬رآ‪ Z& Y‬ا
["‪.P‬‬
‫ب‪ -‬رآ‪ Y‬ا ‪ 29‬ا = ا ‪.(#+‬‬
‫ج‪ -‬و‪ P1‬ا
‪@1‬ت ا ‪.RM#$‬‬
‫د‪ -‬رآ‪9X Y‬ء ا ‪._&#‬‬
‫هـ‪ -‬رآ‪#M Y‬ا‪ HX‬ا
‪.VW‬‬

‫‪22‬‬
(2) :%8‫= ا‬,‫ر‬ ":^(<‫و‬S‫(ت ا‬3%‫" ا‬H() :%8‫= ا‬K‫ا‬

-:‫ أن‬W3 ً‫(درا‬, ‫ رب‬8‫?' ا‬% ‫ أن‬L,58% ‫" ـــ‬%‫ ر‬8‫ه اف ا‬D‫ا‬
.A#+
‫ ا‬a0!
‫ ا
@ت ا
ر ا @ز‬U3 -1
.H !"‫و‬#$ ‫&_ ا‬#& HRM#$ ‫ء ا‬U3 ‫=< ا‬0 -2
.H !"‫و‬#$ ‫&_ ا‬#& $($+ ‫اء ا‬UbB‫=< ا‬0 -3

-:"‫" از‬%‫ ر‬8‫ت ا‬:8‫&ات وا‬+8‫ا‬


.€&W HX‫ا‬#M 50 -2 .P9
 HX‫ا‬# ‫ ا‬50 -1
.c@
‫ ا‬d‫ر ر‬X 29C -4 .#
(‫س ا‬C ‫ز‬b -3
.H !"‫و‬#‫ ر&ت آ‬-6 .‫ة‬#; HX‫ا‬#M ‫ر‬X 29C -5
.ZF!4 ‫ة‬t#6 -8 . ZF!4 ‫خ‬M -7
.‫ت‬R!~ -10 +15#+
 b ‫ر‬S -9
.P14 ‫ أ@ك‬-12 . ‫ن‬M ‫ت‬+ -11
. #
6B‫ز ا س ا‬b -14 . H(‫و‬#
$ ‫ ر&_ إ‬-13
.(‫ن‬M ‫ت‬+ ،‫ت‬R!~) (‫و‬#
$ >‫ ا ارة ا‬#1!; ‫ر‬X 29C -15

-:%8‫ ا‬U96 ‫ات‬52i


"A58‫(ت ا‬5K‫ا‬ "‫(ط ا(آ‬N‫ات وا‬52\‫ا‬
.‫ ا
@ت ا
ر ا @ز‬Ub -1
_&#JJJJJJJJJJ& HJJJJJJJJJJRM#$ ‫ء ا‬UJJJJJJJJJJ3 ‫< ا‬JJJJJJJJJJ=6‫ ا‬-2
-:H4Š‫ آ‬H !"‫و‬#$ ‫ا‬
3 ‫ل ا‬3 q&, #
6B‫س ا‬C ‫ز‬b Lf‫ ا‬-‫أ‬
.Y!+ ‫ا‬
.‫ز‬3 ‫ ا‬q&, P1
‫ أ@ك ا‬V~ -‫ب‬
ZJJJJ&+ ‫ ا‬HJJJJ6# AJJJJM P"[JJJJ
‫ ا‬JJJJb cJJJJC -‫ج‬
.(22) P$t
.+>‫ ا‬+ M + ‫ ا‬+ ‫رن ا‬C -‫د‬
(22) ZS]
‫ة‬#JJ; ‫
ح‬JJ0 ‫
ام‬JJM _&#JJ ‫ ا‬JJb #JJ, -‫ـ‬JJ‫ه‬
._&# ‫ا‬

23
"A58‫(ت ا‬5K‫ا‬ "‫(ط ا(آ‬N‫ات وا‬52\‫ا‬
_&#JJJJJJJJ& JJJJJJJJ$($+ ‫اء ا‬UJJJJJJJJbB‫< ا‬JJJJJJJJ=6‫ ا‬-3
-:H& +‫ آ‬H !"‫و‬#$ ‫ا‬
.c@
‫ ا‬d‫ ر‬ZF( -‫أ‬
.0 
‫ ا‬c@
‫ ا‬d‫ ا
ل ر‬-‫ب‬
.H !"+ ‫ ا‬Y& ‫ ا‬04 -‫ج‬
‫ل‬3 qJ&, #J
6B‫س ا‬J ‫ز ا‬Jb LJf‫ ا‬-‫د‬
.‫وم‬B‫ا‬
.‫ز‬b q&, P1
‫ أ@ك ا‬V~ -‫هـ‬
.Z&+ ‫ ا‬H6# ‫ د‬-‫و‬
‫ز‬b ‫
ام‬JM P"[J
‫ ا‬ZJ& J‫ و‬cJC -‫ز‬
.(23) P$t #
6B‫ا‬
‫خ‬M ‫
ام‬M _&# ‫ة ا‬#; HX#M ZJF( -‫ح‬
.‫ة‬t#0 ‫ وا‬ZF!
‫ا‬
.Z 
‫ة ا‬#;+ ‫ ا‬HX#M ‫ ا
ل‬-‫ط‬
.H !"‫و‬#$ ‫&_ ا‬# ‫ ا‬2+b -‫ي‬
(23) ZS] mJJ ‫ ا‬qJJ&, HJJ !"‫و‬#$ ‫&_ ا‬#JJ ‫ ا‬#JJ, -‫ك‬
.!+ ‫ ا‬+D‫ا‬
._&# ‫ ا‬P"t -‫ل‬

24
‫ر‪ =,‬ا‪(3) :%8‬‬ ‫ا‪ =K‬ا‪ "H() :%8‬ا‪ _3%‬ا‪8Sp‬و‪-H‬‬

‫ا‪D‬ه اف ا‪ 8‬ر‪ "%‬ـــ ‪ L,58%‬أن ‪ '?%‬ا‪ 8‬رب ‪(,‬دراً ‪ W3‬أن‪-:‬‬


‫‪ U3 -1‬ا
‪U3‬ات وا
@ت ا
ر ا @ز‪.‬‬
‫‪ <=0 -2‬ا ارة ا> ‪#
$‬و( ا
‪4 H‬م ‪ i
0 M‬وا>‪@X‬ق‪.‬‬
‫‪ <=0 -3‬ا
‪@1‬ت ا ‪.RM#$‬‬
‫‪#"
 c -4‬ات ا ارة )‪b‬د‪4 ،‬رات(‪.‬‬
‫‪ #; -5‬ا ‪4 !, 3‬ر ا ‪ PS0‬ا ‪ !, Y!+‬زدة ا =‪.P+‬‬
‫‪ #; -6‬ا ‪4 !, 3‬ر ا ‪ PS0‬ا ‪ !, Y!+‬ا
‪) #‬ا ‪ AU‬ا @زم
‪ #‬ا ‪#=+‬ك(‪.‬‬

‫ا‪&+8‬ات وا‪:8‬ت ا‪ 8‬ر‪ "%‬از"‪-:‬‬


‫‪#M 50 -2‬ا‪ 50) HX‬آ‪#;+& (HRM#‬ة ‪.‬‬ ‫‪b -1‬ز ‪C‬س أ‪#
6‬‬
‫‪#= -4‬ك آ‪HRM#‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬ر&_ إ ‪#
$‬و(‪H‬‬

‫‪52i‬ات ‪ U96‬ا‪-:%8‬‬

‫ا‪(5K‬ت ا‪"A58‬‬ ‫ا\‪52‬ات وا‪(N‬ط ا(آ"‬


‫‪ UJJJJJJb .1‬ا
‪UJJJJJJ3‬ات وا
‪@JJJJJJ‬ت ا
ر‪JJJJJJ‬‬
‫ا @ز‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ا‪ <JJ=6‬ا ‪JJ‬ارة ا> ‪#JJ
$‬و( ا
‪JJ4 HJJ‬م ‪i
JJ0 M‬‬
‫وا>‪@X‬ق &‪ (24) P$t _&#‬آ‪-:H& +‬‬
‫أ‪ P1 -‬ا راة ا ‪.(25) P$t !+‬‬
‫ب‪ -‬أ‪ l&X‬ا ‪
0+‬ح ‪. s1‬‬
‫ج‪n4 -‬آ ‪, A‬م إ(رة ا &‪+‬ت‪.‬‬
‫د‪ -‬ا‪S PS6 2 S1 i
6‬ر ‪ a"4‬ا ارة‪.‬‬
‫]‪(24) ZS‬‬
‫هـ‪ -‬ا(‪U‬ع ا ‪ D1 HR!W‬أو أ أ ‪#‬ا‪. _6‬‬
‫و‪ cC -‬ا ‪+‬و &‪34DM D1 HR!W‬ه‪. A‬‬
‫ز‪ cC -‬ا ‪+‬و &‪34DM D2 HR!W‬ه‪.A‬‬
‫ح‪ D1, D2 Z&4   H6 -‬ا
ل ا
 ‪.Z‬‬

‫]‪(25) ZS‬‬
‫‪25‬‬
"A58‫(ت ا‬5K‫ا‬ "‫(ط ا(آ‬N‫ات وا‬52\‫ا‬

‫@ت‬JJ1
‫< ا‬JJ=6‫ ا‬#J
6B‫ز ا‬JJb 9JJ‫ا‬M .3
.(26) P$t ‫ ا @ز‬RM#$ ‫ا‬
‫س‬JJJJ ‫ز ا‬JJJJb 9JJJ‫ا‬M ‫ارة‬JJJJ ‫د ا‬JJJJb cJJJC .4
V JJJ0 ‫ل ا‬JJJ3 qJJJ&, _9JJJf JJJ;M #J J
6B‫ا‬
.‫
!وب‬+ ‫ا‬
;M ‫ز ا س‬Jb 9J‫ا‬M ‫ارة‬J ‫رات ا‬J4 cJC .5
.‫ل ا
ر‬3 q&, _9f
(26) ZS] !JJ, YJJ!+ ‫ ا‬PSJJ0 ‫ر ا‬JJ4 !JJ, JJ3 ‫ ا‬LJJf‫ ا‬.6
. ‫ة‬#;+ ‫ ا‬HX‫ا‬#M 9‫ا‬M P+= ‫زدة ا‬
!JJ, YJJ!+ ‫ ا‬PSJJ0 ‫ر ا‬JJ4 !JJ, JJ3 ‫ ا‬LJJf‫ ا‬.7
.(‫ك‬#=+ ‫ ا‬#
‫ ا @زم‬AU ‫ )ا‬#
‫ا‬
.o‫اء‬Ub‫ أ‬q ‫& إ‬# ‫ ا‬56 .8
، ‫ت‬JJJJJJJ0&+ ‫& )ا‬#JJJJJJJ ‫(ت ا‬JJJJJJJ$ <JJJJJJJ=6‫ ا‬.9
.(LM#
‫ (ط ا‬،Lx ‫ ا‬i40 ،‫ت‬+
‫ا‬
‫اد‬JJ+ ‫ ا‬AJJ LM#JJ
‫ط ا‬JJ(‫ت و‬JJ+
‫ ا‬ZJJF( .10
.#
+ ‫ا‬
(‫و‬#
$ >‫(ت ا ارة ا‬$‫ و‬#J1!, <J=6‫ ا‬.11
.H(‫و‬#
$ >‫& ا‬#&
.0 
‫(ت ا‬$+ ‫ ا
ل ا‬.12

26
‫ا ـ‪3‬ــ‪U‬ء ا ـ‪W‬ـ €‬
‫‪6‬ـــــ(ر‪%‬ــ اــــ(ر‪K‬ــ"‬
‫اــ‪#‬ــــ‪3‬ـــ"‬
‫<‬

‫‪27‬‬
‫ر‪ =,‬ا‪(1) :%8‬‬ ‫ا‪ =K‬ا‪ m0 :%8‬و‪ L+6‬ا‪(3%‬ت ا‪S‬و<(^‪":‬‬

‫ا‪D‬ه اف ا‪ 8‬ر‪ "%‬ـــ ‪ L,58%‬أن ‪ '?%‬ا‪ 8‬رب ‪(,‬دراً ‪ W3‬أن‪-:‬‬


‫‪ U3 -1‬ا
@ت ا
ر ا @ز
!‪ a0‬ا
‪.A#+‬‬
‫‪ 50 -2‬أ‪Ub‬اء ا ‪&#‬ت ا ‪#$‬و"! ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 2+3 -3‬أ‪Ub‬اء ا ‪&#‬ت ا ‪#$‬و"! ‪.‬‬

‫ا‪&+8‬ات وا‪:8‬ت ا‪ 8‬ر‪ "%‬از"‪-:‬‬


‫‪M -2‬خ ‪ZF!4‬‬ ‫‪#M 50 -1‬ا‪HX‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ر&ت آ‪#‬و"! ‬ ‫‪t#6 -3‬ة ‪ZF!4‬‬
‫‪ -5‬زراد‬

‫ا‪$p‬اء ا‪532‬ب  ا‪ 8‬رب‪-:‬‬


‫‪ Ub -1‬ا
@ت ا
ر ا @ز
!‪ a0‬ا
‪.A#+‬‬
‫‪ 56 -2‬أ‪Ub‬اء ا ‪ _&#‬ا ‪#$‬و"! ‪.(27) P$t H‬‬
‫‪ 2+b -3‬أ‪Ub‬اء ا ‪ _&#‬ا ‪#$‬و"! ‪. H‬‬
‫ا‪ =K‬ا‪U98‬ي ‪-:%83‬‬

‫]‪(27) ZS‬‬

‫‪28‬‬
‫ر‪ =,‬ا‪(2) :%8‬‬ ‫ا‪ =K‬ا‪ "H() :%8‬ا‪(3%‬ت ا‪S‬و<(^‪":‬‬

‫ا‪D‬ه اف ا‪ 8‬ر‪ "%‬ـــ ‪ L,58%‬أن ‪ '?%‬ا‪ 8‬رب ‪(,‬دراً ‪ W3‬أن‪-:‬‬


‫‪ U3 -1‬ا
@ت ا
ر ا @ز
!‪ a0‬ا
‪.A#+‬‬
‫‪ <=0 -2‬ا ‪U3‬ء ا ‪ _&#& HRM#$‬ا ‪#$‬و"! ‪.H‬‬
‫‪ <=0 -3‬ا‪UbB‬اء ا ‪ _&#& $($+‬ا ‪#$‬و"! ‪.H‬‬

‫ا‪&+8‬ات وا‪:8‬ت ا‪ 8‬ر‪ "%‬از"‪-:‬‬


‫‪#M 50 -2‬ا‪.€&W HX‬‬ ‫‪ 50 -1‬ا ‪#‬ا‪.P9
 HX‬‬
‫‪X 29C -4‬ر ر‪ d‬ا
@‪.c‬‬ ‫‪b -3‬ز ‪C‬س ا(
‪.#‬‬
‫‪ -6‬ر&ت آ‪#‬و"! ‪.H‬‬ ‫‪X 29C -5‬ر ‪#M‬ا‪#; HX‬ة‪.‬‬
‫‪t#6 -8‬ة ‪.ZF!4‬‬ ‫‪M -7‬خ ‪. ZF!4‬‬
‫‪R!~ -10‬ت‪.‬‬ ‫‪S -9‬ر ‪+15#+
 b‬‬
‫‪ -12‬أ@ك ‪.P14‬‬ ‫‪+ -11‬ت ‪M‬ن ‪.‬‬
‫‪b -14‬ز ا س ا‪. #
6B‬‬ ‫‪ -13‬ر&_ إ ‪#
$‬و(‪. H‬‬
‫‪X 29C -15‬ر ;!‪ #1‬ا ارة ا> ‪#
$‬و( )~!‪R‬ت‪+ ،‬ت ‪M‬ن(‪.‬‬

‫ا‪$p‬اء ا‪532‬ب  ا‪ 8‬رب‪-:‬‬


‫‪ Ub -1‬ا
@ت ا
ر ا @ز
!‪ a0‬ا
‪.A#+‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ا‪ <=6‬ا ‪U3‬ء ا ‪ _&#& HRM#$‬ا ‪#$‬و"! ‪.(28) P$t H‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ا‪ <=6‬ا‪UbB‬اء ا ‪ _&#& $($+‬ا ‪#$‬و"! ‪.H‬‬

‫ا‪ =K‬ا‪U98‬ي ‪-:%83‬‬

‫]‪(28) ZS‬‬

‫‪29‬‬
‫ر‪ =,‬ا‪(3) :%8‬‬ ‫ا‪ =K‬ا‪ "H() :%8‬ا‪ _3%‬ا‪8Sp‬و‪-H‬‬

‫ا‪D‬ه اف ا‪ 8‬ر‪ "%‬ـــ ‪ L,58%‬أن ‪ '?%‬ا‪ 8‬رب ‪(,‬دراً ‪ W3‬أن‪-:‬‬


‫‪ U3 -1‬ا
‪U3‬ات وا
@ت ا
ر ا @ز‪.‬‬
‫‪ <=0 -2‬ا ارة ا> ‪#
$‬و( ا
‪4 H‬م ‪ i
0 M‬وا>‪@X‬ق‪.‬‬
‫‪ <=0 -3‬ا
‪@1‬ت ا ‪.RM#$‬‬
‫‪#"
 c -4‬ات ا ارة )‪b‬د‪4 ،‬رات(‪.‬‬
‫‪ #; -5‬ا ‪4 !, 3‬ر ا ‪ PS0‬ا ‪ !, Y!+‬زدة ا =‪.P+‬‬
‫‪ #; -6‬ا ‪4 !, 3‬ر ا ‪ PS0‬ا ‪ !, Y!+‬ا
‪) #‬ا ‪ AU‬ا @زم
‪ #‬ا ‪#=+‬ك(‪.‬‬

‫ا‪&+8‬ات وا‪:8‬ت ا‪ 8‬ر‪ "%‬از"‪-:‬‬


‫‪#M 50 -2‬ا‪ 50) HX‬آ‪#;+& (HRM#‬ة ‪.‬‬ ‫‪b -1‬ز ‪C‬س أ‪#
6‬‬
‫‪#= -4‬ك آ‪HRM#‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬ر&_ إ ‪#
$‬و(‪H‬‬

‫ا‪$p‬اء ا‪532‬ب  ا‪ 8‬رب‪-:‬‬


‫‪ Ub -1‬ا
‪U3‬ات وا
@ت ا
ر ا @ز‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ا‪ <=6‬ا ارة ا> ‪#
$‬و( ا
‪4 H‬م ‪ i
0 M‬وا>‪@X‬ق ‪.(29) P$t‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ا‪ <=6‬ا
‪@1‬ت ا ‪.(30) P$t RM#$‬‬
‫‪#"
 cC -4‬ات ا ارة )‪b‬د‪4 ،‬رات(‪.‬‬
‫‪ #, -5‬ا ‪4 !, 3‬ر ا ‪ PS0‬ا ‪ !, Y!+‬زدة ا =‪.P+‬‬
‫‪ #, -6‬ا ‪4 !, 3‬ر ا ‪ PS0‬ا ‪ !, Y!+‬ا
‪) #‬ا ‪ AU‬ا @زم
‪ #‬ا ‪#=+‬ك(‪.‬‬

‫ا‪ =K‬ا‪U98‬ي ‪-:%83‬‬

‫]‪(30) ZS‬‬ ‫]‪(29) ZS‬‬

‫‪30‬‬
‫ا ـ‪3‬ــ‪U‬ء ا ــ‪#‬ا‪M‬ــ‪2‬‬
‫‪6‬ـ‪N‬ــــ‪%5‬ــــ= اــ‪5‬ــــ ة‬
‫اــ‪8‬ــــ ر‪%‬ـــــــ"‬
‫<‬

‫‪31‬‬
‫ا‪8ic‬ـ(ر اـ‪F‬ــي‬

‫س‪ LA -1‬دا‪P‬ة ‪5‬ل اف ا ال ‪ W3‬ا‪ ";($p‬ا?" ‪( ZS‬رة ( ‪-:-6t%‬‬
‫‪5S86 -1‬ن ا‪(3%‬ت ا‪S‬و<(^‪  ":‬أ‪&$‬اء ر‪ ":P‬أه(‪-:‬‬
‫أ‪ -‬ا &‪ Y‬ا =ي‬
‫ب‪
0 -‬ح ا ‪3+‬ل‬
‫ج‪
0 -‬ح ا
‪#0S‬‬
‫د‪ #t -‬ا
ر…‬
‫‪  -2‬أه= أ‪&$‬ة ‪ o0‬ا‪(3%‬ت ه‪($ 5‬ز‪-:‬‬
‫أ‪ -‬ا ات 
‪#‬‬
‫ب‪ -‬ا
‪#
#‬‬
‫ج‪ -‬ا‪#
6B‬‬
‫د‪ -‬ا ‪#$+‬و 
‪#‬‬
‫‪ \8:6 -3‬م ا‪(3%‬ت ا‪8Sp‬و‪ -0 "H‬دارات ا(‪-: A "%‬‬
‫أ‪ -‬ا &‪S‬ص‬
‫ب‪ -‬ا ‪#S‬‬
‫ج‪ -‬ا =‪l#‬‬
‫د‪ -‬ا‪D‬ه
‪#‬اء‬
‫‪ =8% -4‬ا‪(8i‬ر ا‪ W3 _3%‬أ‪(K‬س‪-:‬‬
‫أ‪_+3 -‬‬
‫ب‪ -‬وز(_‬
‫ج‪_( -‬‬
‫د‪ob -‬‬

‫س‪ :2‬أآ‪ Z‬ا‪9‬ا (ت ا‪ Z+(; "6u‬أو ا‪(#‬رات ا(‪-:"K‬‬


‫أ‪ Z& a"4 !, -‬ا ‪ ........ PS6 m
 _&#‬و‪. .......... l&X‬‬
‫ب‪4 -‬م ر&_ ‪ +‬ا ‪#=+‬ك إ ‪#
$‬و(‪ A H‬زدة ا
ر ‪ˆM‬ف ا ‪#=+‬ك ‪ A,‬ا ;‪. ........ +  P+‬‬
‫ج‪ Y3 D -‬إ‪,‬دة ‪ P"[4‬ا ‪. ......... PC _&#‬‬
‫د‪,( b -‬ن ‪ A‬ا
@ت ا ‪ R#‬ه‪. ........... ، ........... +‬‬

‫‪32‬‬
‫س‪ () "ee LeeA -3‬أ‪(ee‬م ا‪(ee#‬رات ا‪ "?ee‬و ‪ (×) "ee‬أ‪(ee‬م ا‪(ee#‬رات ا\(^‪"wee‬‬
‫‪-:-6t% (0‬‬
‫(‬ ‫)‬ ‫أ‪ 50 -‬ا ‪#‬ا‪ HX‬ه أه‪ m‬أداة ‪ A‬أدوات ‪ 56‬ا ‪&#‬ت‬
‫(‬ ‫)‬ ‫ب‪ ZF!4 Y3 -‬ا ‪&#‬ت ‪M‬ا‪M 9‬خ =
ي ‪ q&,‬ز‪V‬‬
‫(‬ ‫)‬ ‫ج‪ #" -‬ا ‪#=+‬ك ا‪ !, _
,# o34‬وث ه‪#‬ة ‪,‬م ا‪U4D‬ان Œو‪_b‬‬
‫(‬ ‫)‬ ‫د‪ +
;4 -‬ر&ت ا =‪ +‬ا> ‪#
$‬و( ‪ q&, &+, H6‬ا ‪
#W‬رات‬

‫س‪ LeA -4‬ر‪ =e,‬ا‪(e#‬رة ا‪(e e "?e‬رات ا‪) " 5e+‬ب( أ(م ا‪(#‬رة ا(‪( "K‬‬
‫ (رات ا‪ ) " 5+‬أ (‪-:‬‬

‫ا‪ ) " 5+‬ب (‬ ‫ا‪ ) " 5+‬أ (‬


‫ا‪=,‬‬ ‫ا‪=,‬‬
‫‪N/O‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫) ( 
م ‪#; H6‬ة ا ‪&#‬ت‬
‫‪M‬ا‪ 9‬ا ‪U‬راد‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫) ( (‪ 50‬ا "‪9‬ء ا ;&ي‬
‫‪ 50‬ا ‪#‬ا‪HX‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫) ( ا ‪+‬س ا ‪;
+‬د‬
‫‪b‬ز ا‪#
6D‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫) ( ‪
0‬ح ‪H; P$[M‬‬
‫‪
=4‬ي ‪3 q&,‬ري دا‪#R‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫) ( ‪ VW‬ا "@ف ا ‪HbbU‬‬
‫ا ‪9‬ة ا‪D‬و ‪q‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫) ( ‪ A‬ا(اع ‪C‬ا‪ ,‬ا
‪VW‬‬
‫‪M‬ا‪ 9‬ا ‪L"x‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫‪33‬‬
‫س‪ -5‬أآ‪ I8ee‬ا‪ =eeK‬ا‪&ee+‬ء ا‪Uee‬ي ‪ Vee%‬إ‪ _ee‬ا‪ (31) ZSee] =:ee‬ا‪ Zee;(N‬أ‪(ee‬م ر‪ =ee,‬ا‪=:ee‬‬
‫‪-:-3% (0‬‬
‫‪4‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪.................................... -1‬‬


‫‪3‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪.................................... -2‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪.................................... -3‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪.................................... -4‬‬

‫‪.................................... -5‬‬

‫‪.................................... -6‬‬
‫]‪(31) ZS‬‬

‫س‪ -6‬ر‪52i I6‬ات ‪ m0‬ا‪ _3%‬ا‪S‬و<(^‪ Z:3:8(; -:‬ا?'‪-:‬‬

‫‪9X 50( -‬ء أ‪$‬م ا ‪@1+‬ت‪.‬‬


‫‪ 50( -‬ا ‪ =0S‬ا ‪ R!~ R#‬ا ‪;+‬ن‪.‬‬
‫‪ YxC 50( -‬ا ‪+‬از( وا ‪6 P"[+‬ق ا ‪#+‬آ‪ U‬وا ‪ #t+‬وزر ا‪
GD‬ر ‪ 2‬ا ‪,‬ة ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 50( -‬ا "‪9‬ء ا ;&ي‪.‬‬
‫‪ &
, 50( -‬ا
‪ P#‬و‪$‬ن ‪ &
,‬ا
‪ P#‬وزر ا
;‪.#‬‬
‫‪ 50( -‬ا
‪+‬ت ا ‪#=
+‬آ وا ‪ 2 
MW‬ا& ا ‪. 1‬‬
‫‪
0 50( -‬ح ا‪
G‬ر ا
‪ #0S‬ا وي ‪ /‬اŠ ‪ H‬وزر ا
‪ P#‬ا وي ‪.‬‬
‫‪9X 50( -‬ء ا ‪@1+‬ت ا ‪,+‬ة و‪9X‬ء ‪@1‬ت ا رة ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 50( -‬ا ‪ ,+3+‬ا ‪ ,#0‬ا ‪.$($+‬‬

‫‪34‬‬
‫ا‪8ic‬ــ(ر ا‪3#‬ــ‪-‬‬

‫ا‪ =K‬ا‪(8ic‬ر‪ "H() :‬ا‪(3%‬ت ا‪S‬و<(^‪":‬‬

‫ا‪&+8‬ات وا‪:8‬ت ا‪ 8‬ر‪ "%‬از"‪-:‬‬


‫‪#M 50 -2‬ا‪.€&W HX‬‬ ‫‪ 50 -1‬ا ‪#‬ا‪.P9
 HX‬‬
‫‪X 29C -4‬ر ر‪ d‬ا
@‪.c‬‬ ‫‪b -3‬ز ‪C‬س ا(
‪.#‬‬
‫‪ -6‬ر&ت آ‪#‬و"! ‪.H‬‬ ‫‪X 29C -5‬ر ‪#M‬ا‪#; HX‬ة‪.‬‬
‫‪t#6 -8‬ة ‪.ZF!4‬‬ ‫‪M -7‬خ ‪. ZF!4‬‬
‫‪R!~ -10‬ت‪.‬‬ ‫‪S -9‬ر ‪+15#+
 b‬‬
‫‪ -12‬أ@ك ‪.P14‬‬ ‫‪+ -11‬ت ‪M‬ن ‪.‬‬
‫‪b -14‬ز ا س ا‪. #
6B‬‬ ‫‪ -13‬ر&_ إ ‪#
$‬و(‪. H‬‬
‫‪X 29C -15‬ر ;!‪ #1‬ا ارة ا> ‪#
$‬و( )~!‪R‬ت‪+ ،‬ت ‪M‬ن(‪.‬‬

‫ا‪$p‬اء ا‪532‬ب  ا‪ 8‬رب‪-:‬‬


‫‪ U34 -1‬ا
@ت ا
ر ا @ز
!‪ a0‬ا
‪.A#+‬‬
‫‪ <=6 -2‬ا ‪U3‬ء ا ‪ _&#& HRM#$‬ا ‪#$‬و"! ‪.(32) P$t H‬‬
‫‪ <=6 -3‬ا‪UbB‬اء ا ‪ _&#& $($+‬ا ‪#$‬و"! ‪.H‬‬

‫ا‪ =K‬ا‪U98‬ي ‪(8i‬ر‪-:‬‬

‫]‪(32) ZS‬‬

‫‪35‬‬
‫ا‪ =K‬ا‪(8ic‬ر‪ "H() :‬ا‪ _3%‬ا‪8Sp‬و‪-H‬‬

‫ا‪&+8‬ات وا‪:8‬ت ا‪ 8‬ر‪ "%‬از"‪-:‬‬


‫‪#M 50 -2‬ا‪ 50) HX‬آ‪#;+& (HRM#‬ة ‪.‬‬ ‫‪b -1‬ز ‪C‬س أ‪#
6‬‬
‫‪#= -4‬ك آ‪HRM#‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬ر&_ إ ‪#
$‬و(‪H‬‬

‫ا‪$p‬اء ا‪532‬ب  ا‪ 8‬رب‪-:‬‬


‫‪ U34 -1‬ا
‪U3‬ات وا
@ت ا
ر ا @ز‪.‬‬
‫‪ <=6 -2‬ا ارة ا> ‪#
$‬و( ا
‪4 H‬م ‪ i
0 M‬وا>‪@X‬ق &‪ _&#‬ا  ‪#
$‬و(‪.(33) P$t H‬‬
‫‪ <=6 -3‬ا
‪@1‬ت ا ‪.(34) P$t RM#$‬‬
‫‪C -4‬س 
"‪#‬ات ا ارة )‪b‬د‪4 ،‬رات(‪.‬‬
‫‪#; -5‬ة ا ‪4 !, 3‬ر ا ‪ PS0‬ا ‪ !, Y!+‬زدة ا =‪.P+‬‬
‫‪#; -6‬ة ا ‪4 !, 3‬ر ا ‪ PS0‬ا ‪ !, Y!+‬ا
‪) #‬ا ‪ AU‬ا @زم
‪ #‬ا ‪#=+‬ك(‪.‬‬

‫ا‪ =K‬ا‪U98‬ي ‪(8i‬ر‪-:‬‬

‫]‪(34) ZS‬‬ ‫]‪(33) ZS‬‬

‫‪36‬‬
"‫ـ‬9‫ــــ(ت اـ‬32?‫ــد ا‬:

"%&3+Hp‫<" ا‬3(; ‫(ت‬32?‫ا‬ ";#‫<" ا‬3(; ‫(ت‬32?‫ا‬


Troubleshooting ‫ل‬9,B‫إزا  ا‬
Relay poles _&# ‫ب ا‬9C‫أ‬
protection of short #S ‫ ا‬A += ‫ا‬
maintenance (S ‫ا‬
time delay H!‫ ز‬#Gn4
transistor ‫
ر‬U(‫ا‬#4
auxiliary contacts ‫ة‬, ‫ت‬+4
fixed contact VM~ ‫س‬+4
moving contact ‫ك‬#=
 ‫س‬+4
normal close contact (N/C) H; P$[M l&" ‫س‬+4
normal open contact (N/O) H; P$[M ‫
ح‬0 ‫س‬+4
electrical current HRM#‫ر آ‬4
alternating current (AC) ‫ر 
!وب‬4
direct current (DC) #+
 ‫ر‬4
diode ‫ داد‬HR!~
power circuit ,9
D‫دارات ا‬
control circuit m$=
‫دارة ا‬
measuring relays ‫ر&ت ا س‬
thermal relay ‫اري‬# _&‫ر‬
time relay !‫ر&_ ز‬
electromagnetic relay  !"‫و‬#‫ر&_ آ‬
over current ‫زدة ا
ر‬
over load  += ‫زدة ا‬
plate (=01) =#t
relay adjustment _&# ‫ ا‬Lf
bimetallic element ‫;ن‬+ ‫ ا‬HR!~ #S!,
power supply (a"
‫ر ا‬S) ‫ود ا رة‬U
resistor ‫و‬
capacitor ZW$
relays classifications ‫&ت‬# ‫ت ا‬01‫ا‬

37
‫ وا?ــ(در‬L‫ــ‬$‫ـــ" اـــا‬P(‫ــ‬,

-:";#‫ ا‬L$‫ اا‬- ًc‫أو‬


،mJJ ‫ ا‬JJ+= ‫!س‬JJ+ ‫
ر ا‬JJ‫اد ا آ‬JJ,‫ وإ‬+b#JJ4 ،- (?ee‫ ا‬-eeP(;S‫= ا‬S8ee‫ ا‬-ee0 Zee(S‫ ا‬L$ee‫ ا‬-1
.2002 Y& ،_‫ ر‬،‫ وا ;&م‬#[!& ‫;ع‬t ،q ‫و‬B‫; ا‬9 ‫ ا‬،‫وو(س‬, Z ‫!س‬+ ‫وا آ
ر ا‬
‫اد‬6 m&J ‫!س‬J+ ‫; ا‬b‫ا‬#J ،‫ي‬#SJ+ ‫ ا‬H=J1 J+= ،‫ول‬B‫ء ا‬UJ3 ‫ ا‬،- (?e‫ ا‬-eP(;S‫= ا‬S8e‫ ا‬-2
+b#
‫ وا‬Y#;
& HM#; ‫ ا‬U‫آ‬#+ ‫ ا‬# Z #+, +‫!س ا‬+ ‫
ذ ا آ
ر ا‬B‫ ا‬#Jt! ‫ ا‬،HJ
#$4
. 1994 ،l[‫; د‬3M ! ‫( أ
ذ ا‬$ D‫ )ا‬l[M #[! ‫ وا‬Z n
‫وا‬

-:"$D‫ ا‬L$‫ اا‬- ً(H(x

. RS ‫آ‬#t A #4+‫ص آ‬#C -1

RS components . PO BOX 99, corby,northants,nn17 9RS


2- An Electro components Company Telephone : 01536201234
© RS Components 1998

38

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