

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K(D/A)‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬(A/D)‫א‬ K٢
 
 K ( EPROM) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫ א‬K١
K(stepper motor)‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
 
 
 

 

- ٤٢ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬F
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K95%‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬٢٤F٧4
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
K(D/A)-(DAC)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(A/D)-(DAC)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(D/A)‫ א‬K١
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(A/D)‫ א‬K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K95%‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٢F٤
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 K(A/D & D/A Converters)‫א‬

 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
ELow, L  )0‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EHigh, H  F1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬TTL
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،5.08F‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٢ J١F‫א‬،‫א‬E‫א‬KKK،0.05،3.563،7.999
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J١F
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٢F‫א‬ 
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Analog to Digital Converter) (A/D)‫א‬L
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
(Digital to Analog Converter) EDLAF‫א‬L
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K،‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

‫اﻧﺪﻓﺎع اﻟﺒﺨﺎر‬ A/D D/A D/A

١‫ﺻﻤﺎم‬

I/O I/O I/O

‫ﺣﺴﺎس ﺿﻐﻂ‬ I/O
‫ﺣﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺎس ﺣﺮارة‬
‫ﺣﺴﺎس ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬
‫ﻣﻴﺎﻩ‬ A/D
I/O I/O
٢‫ﺻﻤﺎم‬

‫ﺳﺨﺎن‬
A/D D/A

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٢F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 W(DAC)(D/A)‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬W 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(decoder)‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬(2n)‫א‬K‫א‬
 F(n)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
E
 K‫א‬
،D3D0 ،D1،D2‫א‬L‫א‬E٢ J٣F‫א‬
 K(R/2R)‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬L‫א‬E٢ J٣F
W‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬‫א‬
(D 3
)V OUT
= − 250 µ A × 20 K Ω = − 5V
(D 2
)V OUT
= − 125 µ A × 20 K Ω = − 2 . 5V
  (D 1
)V OUT
= − 62 . 5 µ A × 20 K Ω = − 1 . 5V
(D 0
)V OUT
= − 31 . 25 µ A × 20 K Ω = − 0 . 625 V
( − 5 ) + ( − 2 . 5 ) + ( − 1 . 5 ) + ( − 0 . 625 ) = ( − 9 . 375 )
 (D3 to D0 =1111)(-9.375V)

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢ J٤F‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٤F
 KE٢ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٥F‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٥F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 (DAC)(D/A)‫א‬W
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(D/A)‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
(R/2R)‫א‬(D/A)  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ L‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K(Resolution)‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W(Linearity)‫• א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬ E‫א‬F(ON)
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W(Accuracy)‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W(Setting Time)‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬(Over Shoot)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
(DAC0800)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(DAC080X)‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬(Data Sheet)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

- ٤٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(DAC0800)‫א‬E٢ J٦F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 
 (DAC0800)‫א‬E٢ J٦F
Vout ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٧F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬DAC0800 
 K‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢ J٧F

- ٥٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 W‫א‬Iout ‫א‬
⎛ ⎞
  I out = I ref × ⎜⎜ A1 + A2 + ⋅K + A8 ⎟⎟
2 4 ⎝ 256 ⎠
(5 to 12)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (256)‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬E1F(High)‫א‬‫א‬
  I out = I ref × ⎛⎜ 255 ⎞⎟
⎝ 256 ⎠
 ‫א‬
 V out = I out × R f ≈ 9.96v

 K(Vref)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W١
 K10011011‫א‬‫א‬A1 to A8 ‫א‬‫א‬Iout ،Vout
 W‫א‬
⎛ ⎞
I = I× ⎜⎜ A1 + A2 + ⋅K + A8 ⎟⎟
⎝ 2 4 256 ⎠
out ref

⎛1 1 1 1 1 ⎞
= 2mA × ⎜ + + ⋅ + + ⎟
  I out ⎝ 2 16 32 128 256 ⎠
⎛ 155 ⎞
I = 2mA × ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 256 ⎠
out

I out
= 1.21mA

∴V = I × R out out f

 V = 1.21mA × 5ΚΩ
out

V = 6.05V
out

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 
 
⎛ Binary⋅Input ⎞
  I out = I ref × ⎜⎜ 10 ⎟
⎟
⎝ 25610 ⎠
 
E256F
 ‫א‬‫א‬Vout
 KVref ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W٢
 KVout‫א‬‫א‬01100000‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 96‫א‬01100000

  V out = (96 256)× (10Volt )

V out
= 3.75Volts
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٧F‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢ J٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬DAC0800‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(DAC)
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
KE٢ J٨F

E2-8F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Test Board)‫א‬‫ א‬K٢

1.2KR2‫א‬5K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬330  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬16‫א‬C2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬0.1
K‫א‬0.01
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬5K‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
‫א‬‫א‬١٤
K10V‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬51‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
‫א‬‫א‬ (13،3) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬+15, -15
K‫א‬
 
‫א‬5‫א‬330‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (1،0)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE255
K٧‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
F(1)‫א‬‫א‬(DIP-SWITCH)‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 00000011‫א‬‫א‬3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKK‫א‬11111100‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٨F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J١F‫א‬‫ א‬K٧

‫א‬‫א‬(6)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J١F
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
Vout‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 (ADC)(A/D) ‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬W

 ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬(n)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬(A/D)‫א‬‫א‬
(Resolution)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L  E٢ J٩F‫א‬ 
،
 ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(A/D)‫א‬
  ‫א‬(Sensors)‫א‬(A/D)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KETransducersF‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٩F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬Vin‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬Vref‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(Vin =0)1K‫א‬
‫א‬E JF‫א‬‫א‬EHF‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬74148،(HI)
 KVin‫א‬
74148‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(National Semiconductors)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬   (AD080X)ADC0801
E٢ J١٠F‫א‬(ADC0801,ADC0802,ADC0803,ADC0804)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J١٠F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 )4BIT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J١١F‫א‬
١٦‫א‬E8BIT‫א‬
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J١١F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 K‫א‬‫א‬E8BIT‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  Ain = D out

VREF 256
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬20‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ Vref،‫א‬‫א‬Ain
 K256،E10F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE29‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KADC‫א‬E٢ J١٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
8،6
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬DC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬TRANSDUCER
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J١٢F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(Test board)‫א‬E٢ J١٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
1, 2, 3, 4XADC080X‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬5VDC(DC)‫א‬‫א‬K .٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬sensor‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬ ،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   E9F‫ א‬K
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K(Full Scale)‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬‫א‬150pf150kΩ(4, 19)‫א‬‫א‬

1 1
 F = = = 606ΚΗ z
1.1 × R × C 1.1 × 10 pf × 10ΚΩ
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬R,C‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬CS،RDE21F‫א‬‫ א‬K
 K‫א‬INTRE5FE53F‫א‬‫ א‬K
 (Start-of-conversion)‫א‬‫א‬E3F‫א‬ (End-of-conversion)

- ٦٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

E٢ J١٢F‫א‬(Buffer)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬8‫א‬ (8،10F‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬10‫א‬‫א‬
(Differential-Analog-Input)‫א‬‫א‬  (6،7F‫א‬‫א‬
 7‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬6‫א‬K
‫א‬E F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 7
K‫א‬‫א‬(D0 to D7)‫א‬(11 to 18)‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٤
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J١٢F‫א‬5.12V20‫א‬Vcc
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
5.1V K١
2.26V K٢
 
5.1V J١W‫א‬
= A in
× 256
D 0 ut
V ref

5 .1v
D 0 ut
= × 256
5 . 12 v
 
D 0 ut
= (255 ) 10

D 0 ut
= (11111111 )2

 
(Active-Low)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J١٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 2.26V‫א‬ K٢
= A in
× 256
D 0 ut
V ref

2 . 26 v
D 0 ut
= × 256
5 . 12 v
 
D 0 ut
= (113 ) 10

D 0 ut
= (01110001 )2

(D7, D3, D2, D1)

 ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Vin‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬01110001
(D7, D3, D2, D1)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (D7, D6, D5, D4, D3, D2, D1, D0)
 KE٢ J٢F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٢F
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 PLD‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ( EPROM).‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫ א‬K١
K(stepper motor)‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
 
 
 
 

 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 (PLD)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K(PLD)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
K(EPROM) K٢
K(EPROM)‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬(EPROM)‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥

 K95%‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 KE16F٤W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 (PLD)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(Programmable Logic Device)  (PLD)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Fuses)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(array)
‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J١٥F‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬PLD‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J١٣F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Programmable Read Only MemoryW(PROM)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Erasable Programmable Read Only MemoryW(EPROM)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Electrical Erasable Programmable Read Only MemoryW(EEPROM)
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬Programmable Array LogicW(PAL)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Programmable Logic ArrayW(PLA)
FUSESE‫א‬F
 K‫א‬‫א‬Logic Cell ArrayW(LCA)

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Generic Array LogicW(GAL)

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K(PAL- PLA)  (Complex PLD's) ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
KField programmable Gate Arrays‫א‬‫( א‬FPGAs)
 multiple levels of logic K‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬K
 ‫א‬E٢ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٣F

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(CUPL)

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬PLD‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬E٢ J١٤F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬Rom‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
fuses
‫א‬(FPLA)‫א‬‫א‬  (FPLA)
 Kfuses‫א‬



PROM,FPLA‫א‬E٢ J١٤F

8bit4bit‫א‬Rom‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬(nonvolatile)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Rom

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

ROM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ROM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١

programmable-read-only-‫א‬‫א‬PROM‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬memory
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W(EPROM)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬Erasable-Programmable-Read-Only-Memory
MOSFET‫א‬
 KE٢ J١٥F‫א‬،‫א‬

 
EPROME٢ J١٥F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 KEEPROME F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(EPROM-2716)‫א‬‫א‬
EPROM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬EPROM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ q
K‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٣F‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ q
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(EPROM 2716)EPROM‫א‬ q
KPLD‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ q
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KGAL‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 WEPROM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(EPROM)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(PROM)(ROM)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬27‫א‬
(Vpp)‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
350ns‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬5V/DC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،134mw‫א‬‫א‬52mw‫א‬450ns
2K-‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K2716‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬byte
 WEPROM‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬Combinational-Digital-Circuits‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬Sequential-Digital-Circuits‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
K(Feed back)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J١٦F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 K‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
EPROM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KED‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EPROM‫א‬‫א‬(D-Flip-Flop)
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J١٦F
 WEPROM 2716‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬(Truth table)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EPROM2716
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Clock)‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ E٢ J١٧F‫א‬ 
 KEPROM‫א‬E٢ J١٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢ J١٧F‫א‬‫א‬sen2 ‫א‬sen1
 


 E٢ J١٧F
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

E٢ J١٧F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٤F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬7493 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EPROM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

No
A3 A2 A1 A0
Hex Q5 Q4 Q3 Q2 Q1 Q0 Hex
QD Qc QB QA G2 Y2 R2 G1 Y1 R1
0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 1 1 0 0 0C
1 0 0 0 1 01 0 0 1 1 0 0 0C
2 0 0 1 0 02 0 0 1 1 0 0 0C
3 0 0 1 1 03 0 0 1 1 0 0 0C
4 0 1 0 0 04 0 1 1 1 1 0 1E
5 0 1 0 1 05 0 1 1 1 1 0 1E
6 0 1 1 0 06 0 1 1 1 1 0 1E
7 0 1 1 1 07 0 1 1 1 1 0 1E
8 1 0 0 0 08 1 0 0 0 0 1 21
9 1 0 0 1 09 1 0 0 0 0 1 21
10 1 0 1 0 0A 1 0 0 0 0 1 21
11 1 0 1 1 0B 1 0 0 0 0 1 21
12 1 1 0 0 0C 1 1 0 0 1 1 33
13 1 1 0 1 0D 1 1 0 0 1 1 33
14 1 1 1 0 0E 1 1 0 0 1 1 33
15 1 1 1 1 0F 1 1 0 0 1 1 33
 E٢ J٤F
‫א‬Y1, Y2E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬G1, G2‫א‬‫א‬R1, R2 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬4F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE7493F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٧٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(D Flip-Flop)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬7474‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬10 J4‫א‬‫א‬(set)‫א‬
 K
 W ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EPROM K١
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ QA, QB, QC, QD
 ،‫א‬‫א‬
 KA0, A1, A2, A3‫א‬
E٢ J٢٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Test board)‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
LED‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬E J–F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


CIRCUIT MAKER‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J١٨F

- ٧٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 (Stepper Motor Control)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K(Plotters)Y-XEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
7.5‫א‬12v(4-phase)‫א‬‫א‬(unipolar stepper motor)
Kphase‫א‬500mA
‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(4-phase)E٢ J١٩F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E  ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬(uln2003)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  stepper motor windiagsKE٢ J٢١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 Estepper motor windiags٢ J١٩F
‫א‬(stepper motor driver circuit)‫א‬E٢ J٢١F‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(uln2003)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(EPROM)
 E٢ J٢٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٢١F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 KE٢ J٢٢FE٢ J٢١F‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٢٠F

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٢١F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

‫א‬EPROM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢ J٦FE٢ J٥F‫א‬‫א‬
(1-phase) E٢ J٥F‫א‬ 
‫א‬2b1a‫א‬CW‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬2b‫א‬
(1a, 1b, 2a, 2b) 1a
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(A, B, C, D)

 
Index 1a 1b 2a 2b
1 1 0 0 0
2 0 1 0 0
3 0 0 1 0
4 0 0 0 1
5 1 0 0 0
6 0 1 0 0
7 0 0 1 0
8 0 0 0 1
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٥F
 

- ٧٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٦F‫א‬ 
2b‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬A1a‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٢ J٦F‫א‬K‫א‬D
 K‫א‬
 
 
Index 1a 1b 2a 2b
1 1 0 0 0
2 1 1 0 0
3 0 1 0 0
4 0 1 1 0
5 0 0 1 0
6 0 0 1 1
7 0 0 0 1
8 1 0 0 1
9 1 0 0 0
10 1 1 0 0
11 0 1 0 0
12 0 1 1 0
13 0 0 1 0
14 0 0 1 1
15 0 0 0 1
16 1 0 0 1  
 ‫א‬E٢ J٦F
،E٢ J٧F 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ a b c d‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
 

- ٧٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 
Index 1a 1b 2a 2b
1 1 0 0 1
2 1 1 0 0
3 0 1 1 0
4 0 0 1 1
5 1 0 0 1
6 1 1 0 0
7 0 1 1 0
8 0 0 1 1
 E٢ J٧F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 F‫א‬‫א‬F, G 
 ‫א‬‫א‬F=G=0E
(F)
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬(G)EF‫א‬
F=G=1‫א‬F=0, G=1
 KF=full, G=cwKKK‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬A1‫א‬8‫א‬A0‫א‬(EPROM2716)‫א‬ 
(A1=F, A0=G) (F, G)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬7 
(D flip-flop)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،E٢ J٢٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬4PRE‫א‬،(000000)
‫א‬‫א‬9Q0‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 
A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 Q3 Q2 Q1 Q0
Hex Hex
A B C D F G A B C D
0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 00
0 0 0 1 0 0 04 0 0 1 1 03
0 0 0 1 0 1 05 1 0 0 1 09
0 0 0 1 1 0 06 0 0 1 0 02
0 0 0 1 1 1 07 1 0 0 0 08
0 0 1 0 0 0 08 0 1 1 0 06
0 0 1 0 0 1 09 0 0 1 1 03
0 0 1 0 1 0 0A 0 1 0 0 04
0 0 1 0 1 1 0B 0 0 0 1 01
0 0 1 1 0 0 0C 0 0 1 0 02
0 1 1 1 0 1 0D 0 0 0 1 01
0 1 1 1 1 0 0E 0 1 1 0 06
0 1 1 1 1 1 0F 1 0 0 1 09
0 1 0 0 0 0 10 1 1 0 0 0C
0 1 0 0 0 1 11 0 1 1 0 06
0 1 0 0 1 0 12 1 0 0 0 08
0 1 0 0 1 1 13 0 0 1 0 02
0 1 0 1 0 0 14 0 0 0 0 00
0 1 1 0 0 0 18 0 1 0 0 04
0 1 1 0 0 1 19 0 0 1 0 02
1 0 1 0 1 0 1A 1 1 0 0 0C
1 0 1 0 1 1 1B 0 0 1 1 03
1 0 1 1 0 0 1C 0 0 0 0 00
1 0 0 0 0 0 20 1 0 0 1 09
1 0 0 0 0 1 21 1 1 0 0 0C
1 0 0 0 1 0 22 0 0 0 1 01
1 0 0 0 1 1 23 0 1 0 0 04
1 0 0 1 0 0 24 0 0 0 1 01
1 0 0 1 0 1 25 1 0 0 0 08
1 0 0 1 1 0 26 0 0 1 1 03
1 1 0 1 1 1 27 1 1 0 0 0C
1 1 1 0 0 0 28 0 0 0 0 00
1 1 1 1 0 0 2C 0 0 0 0 00
1 1 0 0 0 0 30 1 0 0 0 08
1 1 0 0 0 1 31 0 1 0 0 04
1 1 0 0 1 0 32 1 0 0 1 09
1 1 0 0 1 1 33 0 1 1 0 06
1 1 0 1 0 0 34 0 0 0 0 00
1 1 1 0 0 0 38 0 0 0 0 00
1 1 1 1 0 0 3C 0 0 0 0 00
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٨F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
E٢ J٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EPROM 2716 K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٢ J٢٢F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬(test board) ‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
K
 

 
circui maker‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٢٢F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

E٢ J٢٣F‫א‬KULN2003‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬12v‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(9)‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 ULN2003‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٢٣F
W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
‫א‬(A1, A0) ‫א‬(F, G)  ‫א‬
   J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
7474‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1, 13‫א‬ (Clear)  J
5VF‫א‬‫א‬EF
F, G‫א‬E
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K7474‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٢٤F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 
7474‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EE٢ J٢٤F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

‫א‬‫א‬7474‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1PRE4  J
‫א‬‫א‬(Q0) EPROM
 K(F, G)‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
ULN2003  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ E٢ J٢٥FK
‫א‬‫א‬(KP4M4)‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٢٥F
W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
K‫א‬(5v)E1F‫א‬F, G •

EF،‫א‬Clear •
K‫א‬

E7474F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1PREE4F‫א‬‫א‬E F‫א‬ •
E1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F5V‫א‬ ،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F,G‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F 

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫(א‬ADC080X) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9‫א‬ 1.28V‫א‬‫א‬W٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫؟‬ADC080‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(10،8،6، 5،3)‫א‬‫א‬W٥
 
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬Full-Adder ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٦
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬EPROM
 
(Common Anode)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٧
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬ 7EPROM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬(Seven segment display)
 
 EPROM‫א‬‫א‬0-5UP\Dow‫א‬‫א‬W٩
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬A4‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 K

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬
       
 

         KDAC‫א‬ J١

 KADC‫א‬ J٢

 KEPROM J٣

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

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 W‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW‫א‬‫א‬
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K‫א‬  J٢

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٤

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥

 ٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
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 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 

، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٩٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 
W‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
1612‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬43
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬30%‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ q
K‫א‬70%‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ q
K20%‫א‬50%30%‫א‬
 

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬q

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٩١ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬DAC0800‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

- ٩٢ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(A/D)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬


- ٩٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬LM35‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

- ٩٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬(EPROM2716)‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(1)

 (2)

(3)
EPROM‫א‬‫א‬  J١
K‫א‬‫א‬ADC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬DAC‫א‬  J٣

- ٩٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 WAnswer Guide‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F 
 EK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 E8، 4،2‫א‬F‫א‬W١
 K7490‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W٢
 KEF K١
EF K٢

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬7447‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣
7448‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E7475F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤
‫א‬(4-D-Flip-Flop)(Latch)
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

- ٩٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬،W٦


 
 K‫א‬‫א‬MSBEFW٨
 

- ٩٧ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E‫א‬‫א‬111‫א‬F
128 ‫א‬‫א‬1.28v‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬10000000
 
000000‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
Y W١٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
 
 KULN2003‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٣
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٤
‫א‬(3phase)‫א‬1110‫א‬
 K

- ٩٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 W‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
 

- ٩٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 W‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
K‫א‬K‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 K‫א‬‫א‬W 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
EF  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K  J
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 K‫א‬‫א‬W 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬

 

 
 W

‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 

 

‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W
 ‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ W‫א‬ W‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ W‫א‬ W‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ W‫א‬ W‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ W‫א‬ W‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 

W‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬

 

 W
√
‫א‬‫א‬


W‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬
 
√ W
 ‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ W‫א‬ W‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ W‫א‬ W‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ W‫א‬ W‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ W‫א‬ W‫א‬
 

- ١٠٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 K‫א‬W 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKL‫א‬‫א‬
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
W W‫א‬
 W‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 


 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 


W‫א‬ W‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬ W‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٠٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 K‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKK‫א‬
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
W ‫א‬W‫א‬
W‫א‬

KKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
√

 W‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
√ 


W‫א‬ W‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬ W‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 KEF‫א‬
 
‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKL‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬  W
 
 

 
‫א‬

   

W
 
W‫א‬‫א‬

   


 W‫א‬
 

W‫א‬
W
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ W‫א‬ W‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ W‫א‬ W‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ W‫א‬ W‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKLL‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬  W
 
 
√ 
 
‫א‬

 √  

W
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬

 √  


W‫א‬

KW
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ W‫א‬ W‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ W‫א‬ W‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ W‫א‬ W‫א‬
 

- ١٠٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKL‫א‬‫א‬
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K
W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬  W
 
   

W‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
  W‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
  

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ W‫א‬ W‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ W‫א‬ W‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ W‫א‬ W‫א‬

- ١٠٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L‫א‬
 
K
W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ W‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬  W
 
 
√  

W‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
  W‫א‬
 ‫א‬
√
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

√ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
√ 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ W‫א‬ W‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ W‫א‬ W‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ W‫א‬ W‫א‬
 
- ١١٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٤٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    

 K‫א‬‫א‬

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKL‫א‬‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
W‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬
W‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ W‫א‬ W‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ W‫א‬ W‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ W‫א‬ W‫א‬
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