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High Voltage / Transmission and Distribution

An example of calculating the technical losses of T&D lines

By jiguparmar | April, 25th 2014 | 41 comments | Translate | Save to PDF ♛ Subscribe | Share!    

Home / Technical Articles / An example of calculating the technical losses of T&D lines

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Introduction to Losses
Therr
The ee arre
a e ttwo
wo ttypes
ypes off
o llosses
osses iin
n ttrransmii
ansm ssiion
ss on and
and dii
d sttrriibu
s buttiion
on lliine
ne..

1. Techniica
Techn call Losses and
2. Commerrc
Comme ciia
all Losses..
Losses

Ann eexxaam
mppllee ooff ccaallccuullaattiinngg tthhee tteecchhnniiccaall lloosssseess ooff T&D lliinneess

IItt’’s
s necessarry
necessa y tto
o callcu
ca culla
atte
e ttechn
echniica
call and commerrciiall llosses.. Norrma
No malllly
y ttechniicall
llosses and commerrc
comme ciia
all llosses
osses arre
e callcu
ca culla
atted
ed separra
sepa atte
elly
y..

Trransm
ansmiiss
ssiion
on ((ttechn
echniica
call)) llosses
osses arre
e diirrec
ecttlly
y effffec
ectted
ed on ellec
ecttrriica
call
tta
arriiffff,, butt
bu commerrc
comme ciia
all llosses
osses arre
e nott
no iimp
mpllemen
ementted
ed tto
o allll consumerrs
consume s..

Techniica
Techn call llosses
osses off tthe
he diis
sttrriibu
buttiion
on lliine
ne mosttlly
mos y depend upon ellecttrriicall lload,, ttype
ype and
siize
ze off conductto
conduc orr,, lleng
engtth
h off lliine
ne ettc
c..

Lett’’
Le ss ttrryy tto
o call
ca cull
cu att
a ee ttechniica
echn call llosses
osses off
o one
one off
o ffollll
o owiing
ow ng 11
11 KV
KV diis
d sttrriibuttiion
bu on lliine
ne ;;))

Example – 11 kV Distribution Line

11 KV diisttrriibu ttiion lliine have ffollllowiing parrametterrs::

Maiin
Ma n lleng
engtth
h off 11 KV lliine
ne iis
s 6..18
18 km..
km
Totta
To all numberr
numbe off diis
sttrriibu
buttiion
on ttrrans
ansffo
orrme
merr on ffeede
eederr::
25 KVA = 3 No..
No
63 KVA = 3 No..
No
100 KVA = 1 No..
No
25 KVA ttrrans
ansffo
orrme
merr::
– IIrron
on llosses
osses = 100 W
– Copperr
Coppe llosses
osses = 720 W
– Averrage
Ave age LT lliine
ne lloss
oss = 63W
63KVA ttrrans
ansffo
orrme
merr::
– IIrron
on llosses
osses = 200 W
– Copperr
Coppe llosses
osses = 1300 W
– Averrage
Ave age LT lliine
ne lloss
oss = 260W
100 KVA ttrrans
ansffo
orrme
merr::
– IIrron
on llosses
osses = 290 W
– Copperr
Coppe llosses
osses = 1850 W
– LT lliine
ne lloss
oss = 1380W
Maxiimum
Max mum amp iis
s 12
Amps..
Amps
Uniitt
Un sentt
sen outt
ou durriing
du ng tto
o ffeede
eederr iis
s 490335 Kwh
Uniitt
Un solld
so d outt
ou durriing
du ng ffrrom
om ffeede
eederr iis
s 353592 Kwh
Norrma
No mattiive
ve lload
oad diive
verrs
siitty
y ffac
actto
orr ffo
orr urrban
ban ffeede
eederr iis
s 1..5
5 and ffo
orr rru
urra
all
ffeede
eederr iis
s 2..0
0
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Calculation
Totall
Tota connected load = No’s of connected transformers
Totta
To all connectted
connec ed lload
oad = ((25×3
25×3)) + ((63×3
63×3)) + ((100×1
100×1)) = 364 KVA

Peak load = 1..732

732 x Line voltage x Max..
Max amp
Peak lload
oad = 264 // 1..732
732 x 11 x 12 = 228

Diversity factor (DF) = Connected load (in KVA) // Peak load

Diive
verrs
siitty
y ffac
actto
orr ((DF
DF)) = 364 //228
228 = 1..15
15

Load factor (LF) =

Unit sent out (in Kwh) // 1..732
732 x Line voltage x Max..
Max amp..
amp x P..F
F.. x 8760
Load ffac
actto
orr ((LF
LF)) = 490335 // 1..732
732 x 11 x 12 x 0..8
8 × 8760 = 0..3060
3060

Loss load factor (LLF) = (0..8

(0 8 x LF x LF)+ (0..2
(0 2 x LF)
Loss lload
oad ffac
actto
orr ((LLF
LLF)) = ((0
0..8
8 x 0..3060
3060 x 0..3060
3060)) + ((0
0..2
2 x 0..306
306)) = 0..1361
1361

Calculation of iron losses

Totta
To all annuall
annua iirron
on lloss
oss iin
n KWh =
IIrron
on llosses
osses iin
n Watttts
Wa s x Nos off TC on tthe
he ffeede
eederr x 8760 // 1000

Totta
To all annuall
annua iirron
on lloss
oss ((25
25 KVA TC))
TC =
100 x 3 x 8760 // 1000 = 2628 KWh

Totta
To all annuall
annua iirron
on lloss
oss ((63
63 KVA TC))
TC =
200 x 3 x 8760 // 1000 = 5256 KkWh

Totta
To all annuall
annua iirron
on lloss
oss ((100
100 KVA TC))
TC =
290 x 3 x 8760 // 1000 = 2540 KWh

Totta
To all annuall
annua iirron
on lloss
oss =
2628 + 5256 + 2540 = 10424 KWh

Calculation of copper losses

Totta
To all annuall
annua copperr
coppe lloss
oss iin
n KWh =
Cu Loss iin
n Watttts
Wa s x Nos off TC on tthe
he ffeede
eederr LFX LF X8760 // 1000

Totta
To all annuall
annua copperr
coppe lloss
oss ((25
25 KVA TC))
TC =
720 x 3 x 0..3
3 × 0..3
3 × 8760 // 1000 = 1771 KWh

Totta
To all annuall
annua copperr
coppe lloss
oss ((63
63 KVA TC))
TC =
1300 x 3 x 0..3
3 × 0..3
3 × 8760 // 1000 = 3199 KWh

Totta
To all annuall
annua copperr
coppe lloss
oss ((100
100 KVA TC))
TC =
1850 x 1 x 0..3
3 × 0..3
3 × 8760 // 1000 = 1458 KWh

Totta
To all annuall
annua copperr
coppe lloss
oss =
1771 + 3199 + 1458 = 6490 KWh

HT line losses (Kwh) =

0..105
105 x (conn..
(conn load x 2) x Length x Resistance x LLF // (LDF x DF x DF x 2)
HT lliine
ne llosses
osses = 1..05
05 x ((265
265 × 2)) x 6..18
18 x 0..54
54 x 0..1361
1361 //1
1..5
5 x 1..15
15 x 1..15
15 x 2 = 831 KWh

Peak power losses =

(3 x Totall
Tota LT line losses) // (PPL x DF x DF x 1000)
Peak powerr
powe llosses
osses = 3 x ((3
3 × 63 + 3 × 260 + 1 × 1380))
1380 //1
1..15
15 x 1..15
15 x 1000 = 3..0
0

LT Line losses (KWh) = (PPL) x (LLF) x 8760

LT Liine
ne llosses
osses = 3 x 0..1361
1361 x 8760 = 3315 KWh

Totall
Tota technicall
technica losses =
(HT Line losses + LT Line losses + Annuall
Annua Cu losses + Annuall
Annua iron losses)
Totta
To all ttechn
echniica
call llosses
osses = ((831+
831+ 3315 + 10424 + 6490))
6490 = 21061 KWh

% Technicall
Technica loss = (Totall
(Tota losses) // (Unit sent out annually) x 100
% Techniica
Techn call lloss
oss = ((21061
21061 // 490335))
490335 x 100 = 4..30%
30%

% Technical Loss = 4.30%

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41 Comments

Allii
DDEECC 0011,, 22002211

how diid
d you gett
ge averrage
ave age LT lliine
ne llosses
osses as 63W ,,260W
260W and 290W

Repllyy
Rep

Noor Jahan
JJUULL 2211,, 22002200

how tto
o sollve
so ve iitt tto
o gett
ge opttiimum
op mum diis
sttance
ance ?

Repllyy
Rep

Sttephen
ephen
AAPPRR 1166,, 22002200

arre
e tthe
he llosses
osses purre
pu elly
y acttiive
ac ve powerr
powe llosses
osses orr a tthe
herre
e iis
s rreac
eacttiive
ve powerr
powe
lloss
oss prresen
esentt as wellll?
we ?

Repllyy
Rep

KHALLIILL
KHA Y.. A..
JJAANN 2255,, 22001199

Thanjjks
Than ks verry
ve y much engiinee
eng neerr Perrme
Pe merr.. Yourr
You case sttudy
udy off Diis
sttrriibu
buttiion
on
ffeede
eederr lloss
oss callcu
ca culla
attiion
on iis
s verry
ve y hellp
he pffu
ull.. Thank you verry
ve y much once
agaiin
aga n..
May II pllease
ease ask ffo
orr some clla
arriiffiica
cattiions
ons,, as ffo
ollllows?
ows?
1.. Some callcu
ca culla
attiions
ons seems needs checkiing
check ng as tthe
he rresu
esulltts
s does nott
no
rre
effllec
ectt tthe
he ffiigu
gurres
es callcu
ca culla
atted
ed.. Examplle
Examp e,, diive
verrs
siitty
y ffac
actto
orr
callcu
ca culla
atted
ed as 1..15
15 seems tto
o be lliike
ke 1..59
59 iiff corrrrec
co ecttlly
y callcu
ca culla
atted
ed and
some morre
mo e..
2.. Wherre
Whe e iis
s tthe
he ffac
actto
orr off 0..105
105 orr 1..05
05 obtta
ob aiined
ned iin
n callcu
ca culla
attiing
ng HT lliine
ne
lloss?
oss? Whiich
Wh ch ffiigu
gurre
e iis
s corrrrec
co ectt? ? 0..105
105 orr 1..05?
05?
3.. Why iis
s 8760 nott
no used iin
n callcu
ca culla
attiing
ng HT ((and
and possiib
poss blly
y LT lliine
ne)) llosses
osses tto
o
converrtt
conve iitt tto
o KWh?
Thanks so much ffo
orr tthe
he good effffo
orrtt,, hopiing
hop ng ttha
hatt you clla
arriiffy
y tthese
hese
iissues
ssues,, pllease
ease..

Repllyy
Rep

Jawahar
FFEEBB 1133,, 22002211

1..05
05 iis
s corrrrec
co ectt.. Consiide
Cons derriing
ng lliine
ne sag as 5% off tto
otta
all lleng
engtth
h

Repllyy
Rep

Jawahar
FFEEBB 1144,, 22002211

The acttua
ac uall Forrmu
Fo mulla
a ffo
orr callcu
ca culla
attiing
ng annuall
annua HT Liine
ne
Loss 0..105
105 x((P^2
P^2 x RxLLF//((2xLDFxDF^2
RxLLF 2xLDFxDF^2))

Repllyy
Rep

Kulldeep
Ku deep Ruparelliia
Rupare a
MAAYY 0066,, 22002222

Yes,,
Yes tth
hiis
s iis
s tthe
he acttua
ac uall ffo
orrmu
mulla
a..

Repllyy
Rep

SHYAM SUNDAR ANDALLUR

ANDA URII
NNOOVV 0033,, 22001188

Siirr,,
How tto
o callcu
ca culla
atte
e tthe
he 1600KVA ttrrans
ansffo
orrme
merr lliine
ne llosses
osses ((11KV
11KV//433V
433V)),,
pllease
ease send tthe
he sttep
ep by by ffo
orrmu
mullas
as..

Repllyy
Rep

CHIINNA
CH NNA RAO
OOCCTT 1188,, 22001188

whatt
wha iis
s tthe
he rreason
eason ffo
orr huge ttrransm
ansmiiss
ssiion
on llosses
osses iin
n 132kV underrg
unde grround
ound
cablle
cab e systtem
sys em

Repllyy
Rep

BHUSHAN KUMAR SIINGH

NGH
AAUUGG 2255,, 22001188

pllease
ease giive
ve answerr
answe iin
n 11 kv lliine
ne perr
pe mette
me err lliine
ne lloss
oss lload
oad iis
s 7000 Amp Ltt

Repllyy
Rep

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