Experimental Report 4

DETERMINATION OF GRAVITATIONAL ACCELERATION USING SIMPLE

PENDULUM OSCILLATION WITH PC INTERFACE
Verification of instructors
Name: Nguyễn Nam Hải
ID: 20213610
Class: CTTT – Kỹ thuật điện tử viễn thông (ET-E4)
Group: 2

I. EXPERIMENT RESULTS
1. Measurement of the pendulums.
a. Dependence of oscillation on pendulum’s length
T(s)
Trial
400 mm 500 mm 600 mm
1 1.293 1.455 1.577
2 1.302 1.454 1.571
3 1.292 1.456 1.570
4 1.301 1.460 1.573
5 1.292 1.452 1.567
5 5 5

Average value
∑ Ti ∑ Ti ∑ Ti
i=1 i=1 i=1
T= =1.296 T= =1.455 T= =1.572
5 5 5

√ √ √
5 5 5

s.d. ∑ (T ¿¿i−T ) 2
∑ (T ¿¿i−T ) 2
∑ (T ¿¿i−T )2
i=1 i=1 i=1
≅ 0.005 ¿ ≅ 0.003 ¿ ≅ 0.003 ¿
5 5 5
s.d. s .d . s .d .
S.D. ∆T= ≅ 0.002 T= ≅ 0.001 T= ≅ 0.001
√5 √5 √5
b. Dependence of oscillation on pendulum’s plane
T(s)
Trial
0ᴼ 10ᴼ 20ᴼ 30ᴼ 60ᴼ
1 0.748 0.773 0.773 0.806 0.989
2 0.767 0.771 0.781 0.801 0.961
3 0.751 0.774 0.780 0.810 0.976
 4 0.755 0.767 0.775 0.812 0.987
5 0.760 0.756 0.779 0.807 0.980
5 5 5 5 5
Average ∑ Ti ∑ Ti ∑ Ti ∑ Ti ∑ Ti
i=1 i=1 i=1 i=1 i=1
value T= =0.756 T = =0.768T = =0.777T = =0.807T = =0.979
5 5 5 5 5

√ √ √ √ √
5 5 5 5 5

s.d. ∑ (T ¿¿i −T ) 2
∑ (T ¿¿i−T ) ∑ (T ¿¿i−T ) ∑ (T ¿¿i−T ) ∑ (T ¿¿i−T )
2 2 2 2

i=1 i=1
≅ 0.007 ¿ ≅i=1
0.007 ¿ ≅i=1
0.003 ¿ ≅i=1
0.004 ¿ ≅ 0.010 ¿
5 5 5 5 5
s.d. s.d. s.d. s.d. s.d.
S.D. ∆T= ≅ 0.003∆ T = ≅ 0.003
∆T= ≅ 0.001
∆T= ≅ 0.002
∆T= ≅ 0.004
√5 √5 √5 √5 √5

II. DATA PROCESSING

1. Determination of the gravitational acceleration including its uncertainty as a
function of pendulum length (g(l))

√
2
l 4π l
T =2 π ( s)→ g(l )= 2 (m/s 2)
g (l) T

{
2
4π l 2
g (l)= 2
(m/s )
T

√( ) ( )(
2∆π 2 ∆l 2
)
2
∆T
∆ g=g (l) . + + −2 ×
π l T

 For l 1=400 mm:

2 2 −3
4 π l 1 4 ×3.142 × 400× 10 2
g(l 1)= 2
= 2
=9.404 (m/s )
T1 1.296

√(
) ( )( )
2 2 2
2∆ π ∆l ∆T
∆ g l 1=g ( l1 ) . + + −2 ×
π l1 T1

√ 3.142 400 1.296 ) =0.038

¿ 9.404 × ( ) +( ) +(
2 2 2
2× 0.001 1 −2× 0.002

 For l 2=500 mm:

4 π 2 l 2 4 × 3.1422 ×500 ×10−3
g(l 2)= 2
= 2
=9.326(m/ s2 )
T2 1.455

√() ( )( )
2 2 2
2∆π ∆l ∆T
∆ g l 2=g ( l2 ) . + + −2×
π l2 T2

√ 3.142 500 1.455 ) =0.023

¿ 9.326 × ( ) +( ) +(
2 2 2
2 × 0.001 1 −2 ×0.001

 For l 3=600 mm:

 2 2 −3
4 π l3 4 × 3.142 × 600× 10 2
g(l 3)= 2
= 2
=9.588(m/s )
T3 1.572

√()( ) ( )
2 2 2
2∆ π ∆l ∆T
∆ g l 3=g ( l3 ) . + + −2×
π l3 T3

√ 3.142 600 1.572 ) =0.021

¿ 9.588 × ( ) +( ) +(
2 2 2
2 ×0.001 1 −2 ×0.001

g(l1)+ g(l 2)+ g(l3) 9.404+9.326+ 9.588

g(l)= = =9.439( m/s2 )
3 3

∆ g l=
√ (∆ g l 1)2 +(∆ g l2)2+(∆ g l 3)2 √ 0.0382+ 0.0232+ 0.0212
= =0.028
3 3
Finally, we get the gravitational acceleration as a function of pendulum length
and the uncertainty of this quantity correspond to each length:
g(l)=9.439 ± 0.028(m/ s2 )

2. Determination of the gravitational acceleration including its uncertainty as a

function of the inclination of the pendulum force (g(𝜃)).

T =2 π
√ l
g (θ)cos (θ)
( s) → g (θ)= 2
4 π2 l
T cos(θ)
(m/s 2)

{
2
4π l
g(θ)= 2
(m/s 2)
T cos(θ)

√( )( )
2

)( )( ∆ cos (θ)
2 2 2
2∆π ∆l ∆T
∆ g=g (θ). + + −2× +
π l T cos(θ)

 For θ 1=0ᴼ:
2 2 2
4π l 4 ×3.142 ×0 .140 4 × 3.142 ×0 .140
g(θ 1)= 2
= 2
= 2
=9.673(m/ s 2)
T 1 cos(θ 1) 0.756 × cos(0 ᴼ) 0.756 ×1.000

√( )(
)( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2∆ π ∆l ∆T ∆ cos ( θ 1 )
∆ g ( θ 1 )=g ( θ 1 ) . + + −2 × +
π l T1 cos ( θ 1 )

√ 3.142 140 0.756 cos (0ᴼ ) )

¿ 9.673 × ( ) +( ) +( ) (
2 2 2 2
2 ×0.001 1 −2 ×0.001 0.001
+

√( ) ( )( ) ( ) = 0.075
2 2 2 2
2 ×0.001 1 −2 ×0.001 0.001
¿ 9.673 × + + +
3.142 140 0.756 1.000

 For θ 2=10ᴼ:
4 π2l 4 ×3.1422 ×0 .140 4 × 3.1422 × 0 .140 2
g(θ 2)= 2
= 2
= 2
=9.518(m/ s )
T 2 cos(θ 2) 0.768 × cos(10 ᴼ) 0.768 ×0.985
 √( )(
)( )( )
2 2 2 2
2∆ π ∆l ∆T ∆ cos (θ 2 )
∆ g ( θ 2 )=g ( θ 2 ) . + + −2 × +
π l T2 cos ( θ 2 )

√ 3.142 140 0.768 cos (10ᴼ ) )

¿ 9.518 × ( ) +( ) +( ) (
2 2 2 2
2 ×0.001 1 −2 ×0.001 0.001
+

√( )( )( ) ( ) = 0.073
2 2 2 2
2 ×0.001 1 −2 ×0.001 0.001
¿ 9.518 × + + +
3.142 140 0.768 0.985

 For θ 3=20ᴼ:
2 2 2
4π l 4 ×3.142 × 0 .140 4 ×3.142 ×0 .140 2
g(θ 3)= 2
= 2
= 2
=9.745 (m/s )
T 3 cos (θ 3) 0.777 ×cos (20 ᴼ) 0.777 × 0.940

√( ) (
) ( )( )
2 2 2 2
2∆π ∆l ∆T ∆ cos ( θ 3 )
∆ g ( θ 3 )=g ( θ 3 ) . + + −2× +
π l T3 cos ( θ 3 )

√ 3.142 140 0.777 ( cos (20ᴼ ) )

¿ 9.745 × ( ) +( ) +( )
2 2 2 2
2 ×0.001 1 −2 ×0.001 0.001
+

√( ) ( )( ) ( ) = 0.075
2 2 2 2
2 ×0.001 1 −2 ×0.001 0.001
¿ 9.745 × + + +
3.142 140 0.777 0.940

 For θ 4=30ᴼ:
2 2 2
4π l 4 ×3.142 ×0 .140 4 ×3.142 × 0 .140
g(θ 4)= 2 = 2
= 2
=9.802(m /s 2)
T 4 cos(θ 4) 0.807 × cos (30ᴼ) 0.807 ×0.866

√( )(
) ( )( )
2 2 2 2
2∆ π ∆l ∆T ∆ cos ( θ 4 )
∆ g ( θ 4 )=g ( θ 4 ) . + + −2 × +
π l T4 cos (θ 4 )

√ 3.142 140 0.807 cos (30 ᴼ) )

¿ 9.802 × ( ) +( ) +( ) (
2 2 2 2
2 ×0.001 1 −2× 0.001 0.001
+

√( ) ( )( ) ( ) = 0.075
2 2 2 2
2 ×0.001 1 −2× 0.001 0.001
¿ 9.802 × + + +
3.142 140 0.807 0.866

 For θ 5=60ᴼ:
2 2 2
4π l 4 × 3.142 × 0 .140 4 ×3.142 ×0 .140 2
g(θ 5)= 2
= 2
= 2
=11.536( m/s )
T 5 cos (θ5) 0.979 ×cos (60 ᴼ) 0.979 × 0.500

√( )(
)( )( )
2 2 2 2
2∆π ∆l ∆T ∆ cos ( θ 5 )
∆ g ( θ 5 )=g ( θ 5 ) . + + −2× +
π l T5 cos ( θ5 )

√ 3.142 140 0.979 cos (60ᴼ ) )

¿ 11.536 × ( ) +( ) +( ) (
2 2 2 2
2 ×0.001 1 −2 ×0.001 0.001
+

√( ) ( )( )( ) = 0.089
2 2 2 2
2 ×0.001 1 −2 ×0.001 0.001
¿ 11.536 × + + +
3.142 140 0.979 0.500
 g(θ 1)+ g(θ 2)+ g (θ 3)+ g (θ 4)+ g(θ 5) 9.673+9.518+ 9.745+9.802+11.536
g(θ)= = =10.055(m/ s2 )
5 5

∆ g θ=
√( ∆ g(θ 1)) +( ∆ g (θ 2)) +(∆ g (θ 3)) +(∆ g(θ 4 )) +( ∆ g (θ 5)) √0.075 2+ 0.0732+ 0.0752+ 0.0752+ 0.0892
2 2 2 2 2
= =
5 5
Finally, we get the gravitational acceleration including its uncertainty as a
function of the inclination of the pendulum force correspond to each angle:
g ( θ )=10.055 ± 0.035(m/ s 2)