Experimental Report 4

DETERMINATION OF GRAVITATIONAL ACCELERATION USING SIMPLE

PENDULUM OSCILLATION WITH PC INTERFACE
Verification of instructors
Name: Nguyễn Nam Hải
ID: 20213610
Class: CTTT – Kỹ thuật điện tử viễn thông (ET-E4)
Group: 2

I. EXPERIMENT RESULTS
1. Measurement of the pendulums.
a. Dependence of oscillation on pendulum’s length:
T(s)
Trial
400 mm 500 mm 600 mm
1 1.293 1.455 1.577
2 1.302 1.454 1.571
3 1.292 1.456 1.570
4 1.301 1.460 1.573
5 1.292 1.452 1.567
5 5 5

Average value
∑Ti ∑Ti ∑ Ti
i=1 i=1 i=1
T 1= =1.296 T 2= =1.455 T 3= =1.572
5 5 5

√ √ √
5 5 5

s.d. ∑ (T ¿¿i−T ) 2
∑ (T ¿¿i−T ) 2
∑ (T ¿¿i−T )2
i=1 i=1 i=1
≅ 0.005 ¿ ≅ 0.003 ¿ ≅ 0.003 ¿
5 5 5
s.d . s.d . s .d.
S.D. ∆ T 1= ≅ 0.002 ∆ T 2= ≅ 0.001 ∆ T 3= ≅ 0.001
√5 √5 √5
b. Dependence of oscillation on pendulum’s plane:
T(s)
Trial
0ᴼ 10ᴼ 20ᴼ 30ᴼ 60ᴼ
1 0.748 0.773 0.773 0.806 0.989
2 0.767 0.771 0.781 0.801 0.961
3 0.751 0.774 0.780 0.810 0.976
4 0.755 0.767 0.775 0.812 0.987
5 0.760 0.756 0.779 0.807 0.980
 5 5 5 5 5
Average ∑Ti ∑Ti ∑ Ti ∑Ti ∑ Ti
i=1 i =1 i=1 i=1
value T ' 1= =0.756
T ' 2= =0.768
T ' 3= =0.777
T ' 4= T ' 5= i=1 =0.979
=0.807
5 5 5 5 5

√ √ √ √ √
5 5 5 5 5

s.d. ∑ (T ¿¿i−T ) 2
∑ (T ¿¿i−T ) ∑ (T ¿¿i−T ) ∑ (T ¿¿i−T ) ∑ (T ¿¿i −T )
2 2 2 2

i=1 i=1 i=1 i=1 i=1

≅ 0.007 ¿ ≅ 0.007 ¿ ≅ 0.003 ¿ ≅ 0.004 ¿ ≅ 0.010 ¿
5 5 5 5 5
s.d . s.d . s .d. s.d . s .d.
S.D. ∆ T ' 1= ≅ 0.003
∆ T ' 2= ≅ 0.003
∆ T ' 3= ≅ 0.001
∆ T ' 4= ≅ 0.002
∆ T ' 5= ≅ 0.004
√5 √5 √5 √5 √5

II. DATA PROCESSING

1. Determination of the gravitational acceleration including its uncertainty as a
function of pendulum length (g(l)):

√
2
l 4π l
T =2 π ( s ) → g ( l )= 2 ( m/s 2) , w with cos ( θ )=1
g (l)cos (θ) T

{
2
4π l 2
g(l)= 2 ( m/s )
T

∆ g=g (l) .
√( ∆l 2
l )(
+ −2 ×
∆T 2
T )
(m/s 2)

 For l 1=400 mm:

2 2 −3
4 π l 1 4 ×3.142 × 400× 10 2
g(l 1)= 2
= 2
=9.404 ≅ 9.40(m/ s )
T1 1.296

)( √( )
∆l 2 2
∆T
∆ g l 1=g ( l1 ) . + −2 ×
l1 T1

√ 400 1.296 ) =0.037 ≅ 0.04(m/ s )

¿ 9.404 × ( ) +(
2 2
1 −2× 0.002 2

Hence:
g(l 1 )=9.40 ± 0.04(m/ s2 )

 For l 2=500 mm:

4 π 2 l 2 4 × 3.1422 ×500 ×10−3
g(l 2)= 2
= 2
=9.326 ≅ 9.33( m/s 2)
T2 1.455

)( √( )
2 2
∆l ∆T
∆ g l 2=g ( l2 ) . + −2 ×
l2 T2

√ 500 1.455 ) =0.023 ≅ 0.02(m/s )

¿ 9.326 × ( ) +(
2 2
1 −2 ×0.001 2

Hence:
2
g(l 2 )=9.33 ± 0.02(m/s )
  For l 3=600 mm:
4 π 2 l3 4 × 3.1422 × 600× 10−3 2
g(l 3)= 2
= 2
=9.588 ≅ 9.59(m/s )
T3 1.572

√(
)( )
2 2
∆l ∆T
∆ g l 3=g ( l3 ) . + −2×
l3 T3

√
¿ 9.588 × ( ) +(
1.572 )
2 2
1 −2× 0.001 2
=0.020 ≅ 0.02( m/ s )
600

Hence:
2
g(l 3 )=9.59 ± 0.02(m/s )

2. Determination of the gravitational acceleration including its uncertainty as a

function of the inclination of the pendulum force (g(𝜃)):

√ ( )
2
l 4π l m
T =2 π ( s) → g ( θ ) = 2 , with l=0.140(m)
g (θ)cos (θ) T cos ( θ ) s
2

{
2
4π l 2
g(θ)= 2 (m/ s )
T cos (θ)

√( ) ( )
2

)(
2 2
∆l ∆T ∆ cos(θ)
∆ g=g (θ). + −2× +
l T cos(θ)

 For θ 1=0ᴼ:
2 2 2
4π l 4 ×3.142 × 0 .140 4 × 3.142 ×0 .140
g ( θ 1 )= 2
= 2
= 2
=9.673
T ‘ 1 cos ( θ 1 ) 0.756 ×cos ( 0 ᴼ ) 0.756 ×1.000
≅ 9.67(m/s 2)

√( ) ( )( )
2 2 2
∆l ∆T ∆ cos ( θ 1 )
∆ g ( θ 1 )=g ( θ 1 ) . + −2 × +
l T ‘1 cos ( θ 1 )

√( )(
1 2 −2× 0.001 2
)( )
2
0.001
¿ 9.673 × + +
140 0.756 cos ( 0 ᴼ )

√( ) +( ) +(
1.000 )
2 2 2
¿ 9.673 ×
1
140
−2× 0.001
0.756
0.001
= 0.074≅ 0.07(m/s ) 2

Hence:
2
g(θ 1)=9.67 ± 0.07( m/s )

 For θ 2=10ᴼ:
2 2 2
4π l 4 ×3.142 ×0 .140 4 × 3.142 × 0.140
g ( θ 2 )= 2
= 2
= 2
=9.518
T ‘ 2 cos ( θ 2 ) 0.768 ×cos (10 ᴼ ) 0.768 ×0.985
2
≅ 9.52(m/s )
 √( )( ) ( )
2 2 2
∆l ∆T ∆ cos ( θ 2 )
∆ g ( θ 2 )=g ( θ 2 ) . + −2 × +
l T ‘2 cos ( θ 2 )

√( )( )( )
2 2 2
1 −2× 0.001 0.001
¿ 9.518 × + +
140 0.768 cos ( 10 ᴼ )

√( ) +( ) +(
0.985 )
2 2 2
¿ 9.518 ×
1
140
−2× 0.001
0.768
0.001
= 0.073 ≅ 0.07(m/ s ) 2

Hence:
g(θ 2)=9.52 ± 0.07(m/ s2 )

 For θ 3=20ᴼ:
2 2 2
4π l 4 ×3.142 × 0 .140 4 ×3.142 ×0 .140
g ( θ 3 )= = = =9.742
T ‘ 3 cos ( θ 3 ) 0.7772 × cos ( 20 ᴼ )
2
0.7772 × 0.940
≅ 9.74(m/ s2 )

√( )( )( )
2 2 2
∆l ∆T ∆ cos ( θ 3 )
∆ g ( θ 3 )=g ( θ 3 ) . + −2× +
l T‘3 cos (θ 3 )

√( ) ( )( )
2 2 2
1 −2× 0.001 0.001
¿ 9.742 × + +
140 0.777 cos ( 20 ᴼ )

√( ) +( ) +(
0.940 )
2 2 2
¿ 9.742 ×
1
140
−2× 0.001
0.777
0.001
= 0.075 ≅ 0.08(m/ s ) 2

Hence:
g(θ 3)=9.74 ± 0.08(m/s 2)

 For θ 4=30ᴼ:
2 2 2
4π l 4 ×3.142 ×0 .140 4 × 3.142 × 0 .140
g ( θ 4 )= 2
= 2
= 2
=9.802
T ‘ 4 cos ( θ 4 ) 0.807 × cos ( 30ᴼ ) 0.807 ×0.866
≅ 9.80(m/s 2)

√( ) ( )( )
2 2 2
∆l ∆T ∆ cos ( θ 4 )
∆ g ( θ 4 )=g ( θ 4 ) . + −2 × +
l T‘4 cos ( θ 4 )

√( ) (
1 2 −2× 0.001 2
)( )
2
0.001
¿ 9.802 × + +
140 0.807 cos ( 30 ᴼ )

√( 140 ) ( 0.807 ) ( 0.866 )

2 2 2
¿ 9.802 ×
1
+
−2× 0.001
+
0.001
= 0.075 ≅ 0.08(m/s ) 2

Hence:
2
g(θ 4)=9.80 ± 0.08(m/ s )

 For θ 5=60ᴼ:
 2 2 2
4π l 4 × 3.142 × 0.140 4 ×3.142 ×0 .140
g ( θ 5 )= 2
= 2
= 2
=11.536
T ‘ 5 cos ( θ 5 ) 0.979 × cos ( 60 ᴼ ) 0.979 × 0.500
≅ 11.54 (m/s 2)

√( )( )( )
2
∆l 2 ∆ T 2 ∆ cos (θ 5 )
∆ g ( θ 5 )=g ( θ 5 ) . + −2× +
l T‘5 cos ( θ 5 )

√( ) (
1 2 −2× 0.001 2
)( )
2
0.001
¿ 11.536 × + +
140 0.979 cos ( 60 ᴼ )

√( ) +( ) +(
0.500 )
2 2 2
¿ 11.536 ×
1
140
−2× 0.001
0.979
0.001
= 0.089 ≅ 0.09(m/ s ) 2

Hence:
2
g ( θ 5 )=11.54 ± 0.09(m/ s )