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This report will explore the idea of Unsymmetrical bending and then calculate it on a beam
using both theoretical and experimental methods.
When the force does not pass through the principle axis of the cross section, unsymmetrical
bending is produced. The line that passes through the centroid of the body is the
principle axis.
The arithmetic mean location of all the points in a plane figure, known as the centroid in
mathematics and physics, is the geometric center of the figure. Informally, it is the distance at
which a shape cutout could balance exactly on the end of a pin. And the majority of design
methods incorporate this crucial idea.
Table of Contents
page number
Objective-------------------------------------------- 5
Theory----------------------------------------------- 5
Data and Result ----------------------------------- 6
Discussion------------------------------------------- 18
Conclusion------------------------------------------- 19
List of figures
Figure 1: True-Reference Speed Diagram----------------------- 6
Figure 2: Wind Tunnel----------------------------------------------- 7
Figure 3: Test Section------------------------------------------------- 7
Figure 4: Honey comp------------------------------------------------ 7
Figure 5: main power------------------------------------------------- 7
Figure 6: Diffusion---------------------------------------------------- 7
List of Tables
Table 1: K factor calibration results--------------------------------- 6
Table 2: Record the true velocity for each position--------------- 6
Objectives:
Theory
Y=
∑ Ai Y i
∑ Ai
X=
∑ A i xi
∑ Ai
Z=
∑ A i zi
∑ Ai
−M z y M z Z
σ b= +
Iz Iy
2
I =I c + M h
L3
I x=
3 E(OC + R)
L3
I y=
3 E (OC−R)
Data and Result
Part 1
Experimentally
Table 1: Experimental results for head angle 0
Deflection Deflection
Load (N) in U in V
0.981 -0.2 0
1.962 -0.86 -0.08
2.943 -1.44 -0.13
3.924 -2.06 -0.16
4.905 -3.36 -0.29
Head angle of 0
0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
f(x) = − 0.0407747196738022 x − 0.054
-0.5
f(x) = − 0.926605504587156 x + 0.319
-1
-1.5
Defliction (10^-3)
-2
-2.5
Defliction in U
-3
Linear (Defliction in
U)
-3.5 Deflection in V
Linear (Deflection in
-4 V)
-4.5
Load (N)
du/dp = -0.9266
dv/dp = -0.0408
Table 2:Experimentally result for head angle 22.5
0
0.5 1 f(x) =1.5
0.0152905198776758
2 2.5 x −3 0.039 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
-0.5
-1.5
-2
-2.5
Defliction in U
-3 Linear (Defliction in
U)
-3.5 Defliction in V
Linear (Defliction in
-4 V)
-4.5
Load (N)
du/dp = -0.8135
dv/dp = 0.0153
Table 3: Experimentally result for head angle 45
Head angle of 45
0.5
-1.5
-2
-2.5
Defliction in U
-3 Linear (Defliction in
U)
-3.5 Defliction in V
Linear (Defliction in
-4 V)
-4.5
Load (N)
du/dp = -0.8838
dv/dp = 0.0224
Table 4: Experimentally results for head angle 67.5
Loa
d Deflecti Deflecti
(N) on in U on in V
0.98
-1.13 0.41
1
1.96
-1.97 0.59
2
2.94
-1.36 0.17
3
3.92
-4.26 1.16
4
4.90
-3.56 1.11
5
-1.5
-2
-2.5 Defliction in U
Linear (Defliction in
-3 U)
Defliction in V
-3.5 Linear (Defliction in
V)
-4
Load (N)
du/dp = -0.6932
dv/dp = 0.0398
Table 5 :Experimentally results of head angle 90
Head angle of 90
0.5
0
0.5 1 f(x) =1.5
− 0.00305810397553517
2 2.5 3x + 0.023
3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
-0.5 f(x) = − 0.766564729867482 x + 0.332
-1
Defliction (10^-3)
-1.5
-2
-2.5 Defliction in U
Linear (Defliction in
-3 U)
Defliction in V
-3.5 Linear (Defliction in
V)
-4
Load (N)
du/dp = -0.7666
dv/dp = -0.0031
Table 6 :Experimentally results of head angle 112.5
-0.5
f(x) = − 0.670744138634047 x + 0.124
-1
Defliction (10^-3)
-1.5
-2
Defliction in U
-2.5 Linear (Defliction in
U)
Defliction in V
-3 Linear (Defliction in
V)
-3.5
Load (N)
du/dp = -0.6707
dv/dp = -0.0387
Table 7 :Experimentally results of head angle 135
0
Head angle of 135
0.5 1 f(x) =1.5 2 2.5
− 0.0754332313965341 x3 + 0.00199999999999995
3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
-0.5
-1.5
Defliction (10^-3)
-2
-2.5
Defliction in U
-3 Linear (Defliction in
U)
Defliction in V
-3.5 Linear (Defliction in
V)
-4
Load (N)
du/dp = -0.7452
dv/dp = -0.0754
Table 8 :Experimentally results of head angle 157.5
-1.5
Defliction (10^-3)
-2
-2.5
-3 Defliction in U
Linear (Defliction in
U)
-3.5 Defliction in V
Linear (Defliction in
-4 V)
-4.5
Load (N)
du/dp = -0.789
dv/dp = -0.0367
-1
f(x) = − 0.839959225280326 x − 0.11
-1.5
Defliction (10^-3)
-2
-2.5
-3 Defliction in U
Linear (Defliction in
-3.5 U)
Defliction in V
-4 Linear (Defliction in
V)
-4.5
Load (N)
du/dp = -0.84
dv/dp = -0.0143
Mohr’s Circle
Mohr's Circule
60
40
20
0
-950 -900 -850 -800 -750 -700 -650
dv/dp
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
du/dp
L3
I x=
3 E(OC + R)
L3
I y=
3 E (OC−R)
Part 2
Theoretically
Experimentally
Theoretically 1.37∗10
−9
0.89∗10
−9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Discussion
Conclusion
1-The principal axes are the main axes of a member that cross each other at the
centroid, or middle, of the region.
2-Unsymmetrical bending of a beam occurs when the major axes of the cross-
section are not parallel to the direction of loading.
3-When the load plane and one of the major axes of the beam cross-section
coincide, the result is symmetrical bending of the beam, also referred to as
uniaxial bending.