Jordan University of Science & Technology

Aeronautical Engineering Department

Aeronautics Lab 2
AE (448)

Student Number: 138212

Student Name: Saba’ Feras Tawalbeh / Ruba Khattari / Rasmiah Al-Mafalha

Lecturer’s Name: Eng.Majd Al-shoubaki

Experiment Title: Unsymmetrical bending

Due Date: 8-3-2023

Date of Submission: 15-3-2023

Extension Details (if applicable): …….

Abstract

This report will explore the idea of Unsymmetrical bending and then calculate it on a beam
using both theoretical and experimental methods.
When the force does not pass through the principle axis of the cross section, unsymmetrical
bending is produced. The line that passes through the centroid of the body is the principle axis.

The arithmetic mean location of all the points in a plane figure, known as the centroid in
mathematics and physics, is the geometric center of the figure. Informally, it is the distance at
which a shape cutout could balance exactly on the end of a pin. And the majority of design
methods incorporate this crucial idea.
Table of Contents

page number
Objective-------------------------------------------- 5
Theory----------------------------------------------- 5
Data and Result ----------------------------------- 6
Discussion------------------------------------------- 18
Conclusion------------------------------------------- 19
List of figures
Figure 1: True-Reference Speed Diagram----------------------- 6
Figure 2: Wind Tunnel----------------------------------------------- 7
Figure 3: Test Section------------------------------------------------- 7
Figure 4: Honey comp------------------------------------------------ 7
Figure 5: main power------------------------------------------------- 7
Figure 6: Diffusion---------------------------------------------------- 7

List of Tables
Table 1: K factor calibration results--------------------------------- 6
Table 2: Record the true velocity for each position--------------- 6
Objectives:

1- Determine 𝐼𝑥 and 𝐼𝑦's theoretical numbers.

2- Calculate the error percentage by comparing the theoretical and experimental readings
of 𝐼𝑥 and 𝐼𝑦.
3- A Mohr's circle of displacement should be plotted using the experimental data.
4- From Mohr's circle, determine the trial values of 𝐼𝑥 and 𝐼𝑦.
5- Analyze the tension for a cantilever's asymmetrical bending.

Theory

∑ 𝑨𝒊 𝒀𝒊
𝓨=
∑ 𝑨𝒊
∑ 𝑨𝒊 𝒙 𝒊
𝐗=
∑ 𝑨𝒊
∑ 𝑨𝒊 𝒛𝒊
𝐙=
∑ 𝑨𝒊
𝑴𝒛 𝒚 𝑴𝒛 𝒁
𝝈𝒃 = − +
𝑰𝒛 𝑰𝒚
𝑰 = 𝑰𝒄 + 𝑴𝒉𝟐
𝑳𝟑
𝑰𝒙 =
𝟑𝑬(𝑶𝑪 + 𝑹)
𝑳𝟑
𝑰𝒚 =
𝟑𝑬(𝑶𝑪 − 𝑹)
Data and Result
Part 1
Experimentally
Table 1: Experimental results for head angle 0

Deflection Deflection
Load (N) in U in V
0.981 -0.2 0
1.962 -0.86 -0.08
2.943 -1.44 -0.13
3.924 -2.06 -0.16
4.905 -3.36 -0.29

Head angle of 0
y = -0.0408x - 0.054
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-0.5

-1
Defliction (10^-3)

-1.5

-2

-2.5
Defliction in U
-3
Deflection in V
-3.5

y = -0.9266x + 0.319 Linear (Defliction in

-4 U)

-4.5
Load (N)

Figure 1: Deflection at 0 angle

du/dp = -0.9266
dv/dp = -0.0408
Table 2:Experimentally result for head angle 22.5

Load Deflection Deflection

(N) in U in V
0.981 -0.85 0.01
1.962 -1.8 -0.01
2.943 -2.12 0.25
3.924 -4.18 0.37
4.905 -4.23 0.4

Head angle of 22.5

0.5
y = 0.0153x - 0.039
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-0.5

-1
Defliction (10^-3)

-1.5

-2

-2.5
Defliction in U
-3
Defliction in V
-3.5 y = -0.8135x + 0.074 Linear (Defliction in
-4 U)

-4.5
Load (N)

Figure 2: Deflection at 22.5 angle

du/dp = -0.8135
dv/dp = 0.0153
Table 3: Experimentally result for head angle 45

Load Deflection Deflection

(N) in U in V
0.981 -0.33 0.11
1.962 -1.32 0.24
2.943 -1.94 0.33
3.924 -3.11 0.45
4.905 -3.93 0.54

Head angle of 45
0.5
y = 0.0224x + 0.098
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-0.5

-1
Defliction (10^-3)

-1.5

-2

-2.5
Defliction in U
-3
Defliction in V
-3.5
y = -0.8838x + 0.483
Linear (Defliction in
-4 U)
-4.5

Load (N)

Figure 3: Deflection at 45 angle

du/dp = -0.8838
dv/dp = 0.0224
Table 4: Experimentally results for head angle 67.5

Load Deflection Deflection

(N) in U in V
0.981 -1.13 0.41
1.962 -1.97 0.59
2.943 -1.36 0.17
3.924 -4.26 1.16
4.905 -3.56 1.11

Head angle of 67.5

0.5 y = 0.0398x + 0.013

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-0.5

-1
Defliction (10^-3)

-1.5

-2

-2.5 Defliction in U

-3 Defliction in V
y = -0.6932x + 0.006
Linear (Defliction in
-3.5
U)
-4

Load (N)

Figure 4 :Deflection at 67.5 angle

du/dp = -0.6932
dv/dp = 0.0398
Table 5 :Experimentally results of head angle 90

Load Deflection Deflection

(N) in U in V
0.981 -1.27 0.37
1.962 -1.63 0.59
2.943 -2.08 0.59
3.924 -3.18 0.83
4.905 -3.54 0.94

Head angle of 90
0.5
y = -0.0031x + 0.023
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-0.5

-1
Defliction (10^-3)

-1.5

-2

-2.5 Defliction in U

-3 Defliction in V

y = -0.7666x + 0.332 Linear (Defliction in

-3.5
U)
-4

Load (N)

Figure 5 :Deflection at 90 angle

du/dp = -0.7666
dv/dp = -0.0031
Table 6 :Experimentally results of head angle 112.5

Load Deflection Deflection

(N) in U in V
0.981 -1.03 0.4
1.962 -1.99 0.45
2.943 -3.08 0.62
3.924 -3.06 0.46
4.905 -3.01 0.67

Head angle of 112.5

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-0.5 y = -0.0387x - 1E-16

-1
Defliction (10^-3)

-1.5

-2

Defliction in U
-2.5
Defliction in V

-3 Linear (Defliction in
y = -0.6707x + 0.124 U)
-3.5

Load (N)

Figure 6 :Deflection at 112.5 angle

du/dp = -0.6707
dv/dp = -0.0387
Table 7 :Experimentally results of head angle 135

Load Deflection Deflection

(N) in U in V
0.981 -0.74 -2.47
1.962 -1.19 -2.35
2.943 -2.26 -2.72
3.924 -3.01 -2.89
4.905 -3.97 -2.86

Head angle of 135

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-0.5
y = -0.0754x + 0.002
-1
Defliction (10^-3)

-1.5

-2

-2.5
Defliction in U
-3
Defliction in V

-3.5 Linear (Defliction in

U)
-4 y = -0.7452x - 0.039

Load (N)

Figure 7 :Deflection at 135 angle

du/dp = -0.7452
dv/dp = -0.0754
Table 8 :Experimentally results of head angle 157.5

Load Deflection Deflection

(N) in U in V
0.981 -2.27 -2.31
1.962 -3.12 -2.37
2.943 111.4 112.14
3.924 -4.07 -2.49
4.905 118.46 120.26

Head angle of 157.5

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-0.5
y = -0.0367x - 0.078

-1

-1.5
Defliction (10^-3)

-2

-2.5

-3 Defliction in U

Defliction in V
-3.5
Linear (Defliction in
-4 y = -0.789x - 0.11 U)

-4.5

Load (N)

Figure 8 :Deflection at 157.5 angle

du/dp = -0.789
dv/dp = -0.0367
Table 8 :Experimentally results of head angle 180

Load Deflection Deflection

(N) in U in V
0.981 82.81 83.98
1.962 117.25 119.43
2.943 -4.16 -1.15
3.924 -5.53 -1.32
4.905 -5.71 -1.38

Head angle of 180 y = -0.0143x - 0.016

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-0.5

-1

-1.5
Defliction (10^-3)

-2

-2.5

-3 Defliction in U

-3.5 Defliction in V

Linear (Defliction in
-4
y = -0.84x - 0.11 U)
-4.5

Load (N)

Figure 8: Deflection at 180 angle

du/dp = -0.84
dv/dp = -0.0143
Mohr’s Circle

Mohr's Circule
60

40

20

0
dv/dp

-1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0

-20

-40

-60

-80

-100

du/dp

Figure 9: Mohr’s Circle for du/dp VS dv/dp

𝑳𝟑
𝑰𝒙 =
𝟑𝑬(𝑶𝑪 + 𝑹)
𝑳𝟑
𝑰𝒚 =
𝟑𝑬(𝑶𝑪 − 𝑹)
Part 2
Theoretically

Figure 10:theoretically part

 𝐼𝑥 𝐼𝑦
Experimentally
Theoretically 1.37 ∗ 10−9 0.89 ∗ 10−9

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Pictures from Experiment

Figure 11: Digital indicator Figure 12: experiment device

Figure13: Loading weights Figure 14: U-beam specs

Figure 16: Beam rotating angle

Figure 15: L and U cross section beam
 Figure 17: tester

Discussion

Conclusion

1-The principal axes are the main axes of a member that cross each other at the
centroid, or middle, of the region.

2-Unsymmetrical bending of a beam occurs when the major axes of the cross-
section are not parallel to the direction of loading.

3-When the load plane and one of the major axes of the beam cross-section
coincide, the result is symmetrical bending of the beam, also referred to as
uniaxial bending.