8

Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 3:
Properties of Parallel Lines Cut
by a Transversal
Mathematics – Grade 8
Quarter 4 – Module 3: Properties of Parallel Lines Cut by a Transversal
First Edition, 2020

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Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 3:
Properties of Parallel Lines Cut
by a Transversal
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to
use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress
while allowing them to manage their own learning at home.
Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:
As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different
activities in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be
reminded of the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking
your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always
bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material,
you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding
of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 Let Us Learn

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the nature of Parallel Lines cut by a Transversal. The scope of this module permits it
to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is composed of one lesson:

• Lesson 1 – Properties of Parallel Lines cut by a Transversal (M8GE-IVd-1)

After going through this module, you are expected to:

• prove properties of parallel lines cut by a transversal.

Let Us Try

Refer to Figure 1 to name two pairs of the following angles. Item no. 1 is done for
you:

1. Alternate Interior Angles ∠2 & ∠7 ; ∠6 & ∠3

2. Alternate Exterior Angles ________ ; _________

3. Corresponding Angles ________ ; _________

4. Same Side Interior Angles ________ ; _________

5. Same Side Exterior Angles ________ ; _________

Figure 1

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 Let Us Study

In Geometry, parallel lines are lines in a plane which do not meet; that is,
two straight lines in a plane that do not intersect at any point.

Transversal line is a line that passes through two lines in the same plane at
two distinct points.

Transversal line

Parallel lines

The symbol “l ‖ 𝑚" is read as line l and line m are parallel or line l is parallel
to line m. In the figure above, line l and line m are cut by a transversal line t. Two
lines cut by a transversal form the following pairs of angles:

Alternate interior angles: ∠3 and ∠ 6 ; ∠4 and ∠5

Alternate exterior angles: ∠1 and ∠8 ; ∠ 2 and ∠7

Corresponding angles: ∠ 1 and ∠ 5 ; ∠ 2 and ∠6 ; ∠3 and ∠7; ∠4 and ∠8

Interior angles on the same side of the transversal: ∠3 and ∠5 ; ∠4 and ∠6

Exterior angles on the same side of the transversal: ∠1 and ∠7 ; ∠2 and ∠8

The following are the postulates and theorems that guarantees parallelism:

Converse of the Corresponding Angles Postulate

Given two lines cut by a transversal, if corresponding angles are congruent,

then the two lines are parallel.

In the figure below, the pairs of corresponding angles are: ∠1 & ∠5 ; ∠2 & ∠6 ;
∠3 & ∠7 and ∠4 ≅ ∠8

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 If ∠1 ≅ ∠ 5,
Therefore l ‖ 𝑚.

Refer to the figure at the right.

Given: ∠1 ≅ ∠2
Prove: m ‖ 𝑛.

Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. ∠1 ≅ ∠2 1. Given
2. ∠1 ≅ ∠3 2. Vertical Angle Theorem
3. ∠2 ≅ ∠3 3. Transitive Property
4. ∴ m ‖ 𝑛 4. Corresponding Angles Postulate
Converse of the Alternate Interior Angles Theorem

Given two lines cut by a transversal, if alternate interior angles are congruent,
then the lines are parallel.

In the figure below, the pairs of alternate interior angles are: ∠3 & ∠6 and ∠4 &
∠5.

If ∠3 ≅ ∠6,
Therefore l ‖ 𝑚.

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 Refer to the figure at the right.
Given: ∠1 ≅ ∠3
Prove: m ‖ 𝑛

Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. ∠1 ≅ ∠3 1. Given
2. ∠1 ≅ ∠2 2. Vertical Angle Theorem
3. ∠2 ≅ ∠3 3. Transitive Property
4. ∴ m ‖ 𝑛 4. Alternate Interior Angle Theorem
Converse of the Alternate Exterior Angles Theorem

Given two lines cut by a transversal, if the alternate exterior angles are
congruent, then the lines are parallel.

In the figure below, the pairs of alternate exterior angles are: ∠1 & ∠8 and ∠2 &
∠7.

If ∠1 ≅ ∠8,
Therefore l ‖ 𝑚.

Refer to the figure at the right.

Given: ∠2 ≅ ∠4
Prove: m ‖ 𝑛

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Proof:

Statements Reasons
1. ∠2 ≅ ∠4 1.Given
2. ∠2 ≅ ∠1 2. Vertical Angle Theorem
3. ∠1 ≅ ∠4 3. Transitive Property
4. ∴ m ‖ 𝑛 4. Converse of the Alternate Exterior Angles Theorem
Converse of the Same Side Interior Angles are Supplementary Theorem

Given two lines cut by a transversal, if the same side interior angles are
supplementary, then the lines are parallel.

In the figure below, the pairs of same side interior angles are: ∠3 & ∠5 and ∠4 &
∠6.

If ∠3 and ∠5 are supplementary or

m∠3 + m∠5 = 180, Therefore l ‖ 𝑚.

Refer to the figure at the right.

Given: ∠3 ≅ ∠2

Prove: m ‖ 𝑛

Proof:
Statements Reasons

1. ∠3 ≅ ∠2 1. Given

2. m ∠3 = m ∠2 2. Definition of Congruent Angles

3. ∠3 and ∠1 are linear pair 3. Definition of Linear Pair

4. ∠3 and ∠1 are supplementary 4. Linear Pair Postulate

5. Definition of Supplementary
5. m ∠3 + m ∠1 = 180
Angles
6. m ∠2 + m ∠1 = 180
6. Substitution Property of Equality

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 7. ∴ m ‖ 𝑛 7. Same Side Interior Angles
Theorem
Converse of the Same Side Exterior Angles Theorem

Given two lines cut by a transversal, if the same side exterior angles are
supplementary, then the lines are parallel.

In the figure below, the pairs of same side exterior angles are: ∠1 & ∠7 and ∠2
& ∠8.

If ∠2 and ∠8 are supplementary or

m∠2 + m∠8 = 180, Therefore l ‖ 𝑚.

Refer to the figure at the right.

Given: ∠1 ≅ ∠3
Prove: m ‖ 𝑛

Proof:

Statements Reasons

1. ∠1 ≅ ∠3 1. Given

2. m ∠1 = m ∠3 2. Definition of Congruent Angles

3. ∠3 and ∠4 are linear pair 3. Definition of Linear Pair

4. ∠3 and ∠4 are supplementary 4. Linear Pair Postulate

5. Definition of Supplementary Angles
5. m ∠3 + m ∠4 = 180
6. Substitution Property of Equality
6. m ∠1 + m ∠4 = 180
7. Same Side Interior Angles Theorem
7. ∴ m ‖ 𝑛

Lines a and b are cut by a transversal d. Find the value of x that makes a ‖ 𝑏.

1. ∠3 and ∠6 are alternate interior angles, m∠3 = 5x - 19 and m∠6= 3x +5.

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2. ∠4 and ∠6 are same side interior angles, m∠4 = 8x + 7 and m∠6= 4x +5.

Solution:

1.For the lines to be parallel, ∠3 and ∠6 must be congruent.

5x - 19 = 3x +5

5x – 3x = 19 + 15 Converse of the Alternate Interior Angles Theorem

2x = 34 Solve for x

x = 17

2. For the lines to be parallel, ∠4 and ∠6 should be supplementary.

8x + 7 + 4x + 5 = 180 Converse Same Side Interior Angles are

Supplementary

Theorem

12x + 12 = 180 Solve for x.

12x = 180 - 12

12x = 168

x = 14

Let Us Practice

Name the postulate or theorem that allows you to conclude that p ‖ 𝑞.

1. 3.

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 2. 4.

Let Us Practice More

Which lines are parallel if given the following conditions? State the postulate or
theorem that justifies your conclusion.

1. m∠7 = 48 and m∠11 = 48

2. m∠1 = 109 and m∠14 = 109
3. m∠1 = 98 and m∠3 = 98
4. m∠9 = 104 and m∠12 = 104
5. m∠3 = m∠6
6. m∠1 = m∠14
7. m∠5 + m∠9 = 180
8. m∠2 + m∠14 = 180
9. ∠3 ≅ ∠16
10. m∠3 + m∠15 = 180

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 Let Us Remember

In this module you have learned about…

Converse of the Corresponding Angles Postulate

Given two lines cut by a transversal, if corresponding angles are congruent,

then the two lines are parallel.

Converse of the Alternate Interior Angles Theorem

Given two lines cut by a transversal, if alternate interior angles are congruent,
then the lines are parallel.

Converse of the Alternate Exterior Angles Theorem

Given two lines cut by a transversal, if the alternate exterior angles are
congruent, then the lines are parallel.

Converse of the Same Side Interior Angles are Supplementary Theorem

Given two lines cut by a transversal, if the same side interior angles are
supplementary, then the lines are parallel.

Converse of the Same Side Exterior Angles Theorem

Given two lines cut by a transversal, if the same side exterior angles are
supplementary, then the lines are parallel.

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 Let Us Assess

Multiple Choice. Read and analyze the following items and choose the letter
of the best answer from the given choices. Write the letter of your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. In the figure below, 𝑥 ∥ 𝑦 and t is the transversal. Which of the following are
corresponding angles?

a. ∠4 and ∠6 ; ∠3 and ∠5
b. ∠1 and ∠7 ; ∠2 and ∠8
c. ∠4 and ∠5 ; ∠3 and ∠6
d. ∠1 and ∠5 ; ∠2 and ∠6

2. Which postulate or theorem guarantees that lines a and b are parallel?

a. Converse of the Same Side Interior Angles
b. Converse of the Alternate Interior Angles
c. Converse of the Alternate Exterior Angles
d. Converse of the Corresponding Angles

3. In the figure below, which of the following guarantees that 𝑗 ∥ 𝑘 ?

a. ∠1 ≅ ∠7
b. ∠4 ≅ ∠5
c. ∠3 ≅ ∠5
d. ∠4 ≅ ∠7

4. What will be the measure of ∠4 if 𝑚∠8 = 87° so that 𝑥 ∥ 𝑦?

a. 87°
b. 93°
c. 3°
d. 167°
5. Parallel lines m and n are cut by a transversal t. If m∠4 = 106˚, what is the
measure of ∠6?
a. 86˚
b. 106˚
c. 74˚
d. 16˚

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6. What will be the possible measure of ∠1 if 𝑚∠5 = 138° that will make y ∥ 𝑧?
a. 42°
b. 138°
c. 56°
d. 108°

7. In the figure below, if 𝑑 ∥ 𝑒 and t is a transversal which angles are congruent

to ∠5?
a. ∠ 1, ∠2 and ∠3
b. ∠ 1, ∠2 and ∠8
c. ∠ 1, ∠4 and ∠7
d. ∠ 1, ∠4 and ∠8

8. Which postulate or theorem allows you to conclude that 𝑔 ∥ 𝑐?

a. Converse of the Same Side Interior Angles
b. Converse of the Alternate Exterior Angles
c. Converse of the Alternate Interior Angles
d. Converse Corresponding Angles

9. In the figure below, 𝑐 ∥ 𝑑 with e as the transversal. What must be true about
∠3 and ∠4 if 𝑔 ∥ ℎ ?
a. ∠3 is a supplementary of ∠4.
b. ∠3 is greater than ∠4.
c. ∠3 is a complement of ∠4.
d. ∠3 is congruent to ∠4

10. Name a postulate or theorem that guarantees that lines k and s are parallel.
a. Converse of the Same Side Interior Angles
b. Converse of the Alternate Exterior Angles
c. Converse of the Alternate Interior Angles
d. Converse of the Corresponding Angles

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 Let Us Enhance
Complete the proof.

Given: a ‖ 𝑏 ; ∠1 ≅ ∠3

Prove : p ‖ 𝑞.

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. a ‖ 𝑏 1.___________________________________
2. ∠2 and ∠3 are supplementary 2.___________________________________
3. ___________________________________ 3.Definition of Supplementary Angles
4. ∠1 ≅ ∠3 4.___________________________________
5. ___________________________________ 5.Definition of congruent angles
6. m∠2 + m∠1 = 180 6.___________________________________
7. ∴ p ‖ 𝑞 7.___________________________________

Let Us Reflect
Like, Heart and Sad Reacts

On the Like React, write three things that you have learned about the lesson.
On the Heart React, write two real-life situations where you can apply the concept
learned in this module.
On the Sad React, write one question that you want to ask about the topic.

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Let Us Practice
Let Us Try
1. ∠2 & ∠7 ; ∠6 & ∠3 1. Converse of the Same Side Interior Angles
2. ∠1 & ∠8 ; ∠5 & ∠4 2. Converse of the Corresponding Angles
3. Line t is the transversal. 3. Converse of the Alternate Exterior Angles
Any 2 of the following 4. Converse of the Alternate Interior Angles
pairs: ∠1 & ∠3;
∠5 & ∠7;
∠2 & ∠4;
∠6 & ∠8
4. ∠2 & ∠3 ; ∠6 & ∠7
5. ∠1 & ∠4 ; ∠5 & ∠8
Let Us Practice More Let Us Try
1. D
2. C
1. c ‖ 𝑑; Converse of the Alternate 3. B
Interior Angles 4. A
2. c ‖ 𝑑; Converse of the Alternate 5. C
Exterior Angles 6. B
3. a ‖ 𝑏; Converse of the 7. D
Corresponding Angles 8. A
4. a ‖ 𝑏; Converse of the 9. D
10. B
Corresponding Angles
5. a ‖ 𝑏; Converse of the Alternate
Interior Angles
6. c ‖ 𝑑; Converse of the Alternate
Exterior Angles
7. c ‖ 𝑑; Converse of the Same Side Let Us Enhance
Interior Angles
1. Given
8. c ‖ 𝑑; Converse of the Same Side
2. Converse of the Same Side
Exterior Angles
Interior Angles
9. c ‖ 𝑑; Converse of the Alternate
3. m∠2 + m∠3 = 180
Exterior Angles
4. Given
10. c ‖ 𝑑; Converse of the Same Side
5. m∠1 = m∠3
Exterior Angles
6. Transitive Property of Equality
7. Converse of the Same Side
Interior Theorem
Answer Key
 References

Oronce, O. A., & Mendoza, M. O. (2019), E-Math, Worktext in Mathematics 8, 319-

328.
Abuzo, E. P., Bryant, M. L., et al, (2013), Mathematics – Grade 8, Learner’s Module,
443-454
Jose-Dilao, S. & Bernabe, J.G. (2009), Geometry, Textbook for Third Year, 73-78.
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