CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter shows and describes the materials, methods, experimental design and

treatments, cultural management and procedures statistical tools, and analysis of data.

Tools and Materials

Table 1 presents the tools, materials, and equipment needed for the development

and utilization of fruit and flower extract pigments to modeling clay . Some materials

were bought and some were readily available on the residence of the researcher.

Table 1 presents the materials and the treatments used in this study.

The materials and tools used in the study of pigment to modeling clay.

Materials Tools

Plastic cups Baker

Ethanol
Beetroot red fruit Glass Container Shredder
Blue Pea Flowers Mixing bowl Knife
Yellow Alder flowers
Tablespoon Glass
Silk screen cloth chopping board
Ladle Weighing Scale

Materials and tools in making homemade clay.

Ingredients Tools

All-Purpose Flour Sauce Pan Ladle

Table Salt Stove Mixing Bowl
Cream of Tarter Plastic Cups Molding cups
Vegetable Oil Oven toaster spoon
Water

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Research Method

This study used developmental and experimental method of research:

Developmental method is the problem solving approach that attempts to follow

most closely some of the common research in physical and biological science

(Thompson, 1999).

In this study the researcher develop the abundance of the flowers and fruits in the

surrounding and in the locality to produce and create a new product which very useful to

the students’ and even to the local artist who wishes to used such product as

environmental friendly utilizing the fruit and flower extract.

Experimental method of research is defined by Good (1972) as a method of

procedure including control and manipulation of condition for studying the relative effect

of various treatment applied to members of different samples.

In this study the researcher study the effect of application of the medium used in

the fruit and flowers extract as pigment to the modeling clay. The effectiveness and its

applicability on the develop materials in producing the pigment will be the basis for the

acceptability of the product made and develop and a possible production of the product

using the existing materials such as fruit and flowers in the locality of the researcher.

The researcher will observed and apply different and series of test to arrived the

effectiveness of the product in the different treatment applied and produce from fruit and

flower extract as pigment to a modeling clay.

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Utilization of fruit and flower extract pigments to

modelling clay

Fruit and Flower extract as pigments

Treatment A Treatment B Treatment C

Visual Appearance,
Absorbency,
Color Consistency

Modelling Clay

Quality result of fruit and flower extract as pigments to modelling clay

Figure 1. Experimental Design for the Utilization of fruit and flower extract pigments to
Modelling clay.

Product Applications
Treatments

In the experimental lay-out of fruits and flower extract pigments to modeling clay,

the ingredients and materials were gather and prepare. The treatment is made in three

treatments to make a three product sample of the pigments.

Treatment A, the Beetroot red fruit were grate, soak into three different plastic

container content of 50gm, 75gm and 100 into ethanol of 50ml for twenty four (24)

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hours. After soaking, put the Beetroot red fruit into the silk screen and squeeze to

produce a red color extract; Place in a clear bottle container and stored in the mild

humidity.

Treatment B, the Blue Pea flowers were , soak into three different plastic

container content of 50gm, 75gm and 100gm into ethanol of 50ml for twenty four (24)

hours. After soaking, put the Blue Pea flowers into the silk screen and squeeze to

produce a blue color extract; Place in a clear bottle container and stored in the mild

humidity.

Treatment C, the Yellow Alder flowers were, soak into three different

plastic container content of 50gm, 75gm and 100gm into ethanol of 50ml for twenty four

(24) hours. After soaking, put the Yellow Alder flowers into the silk screen and squeeze

to produce an extract; Place in a clear bottle container and stored in the mild humidity.

Procedural Design

Treatments/Product Product
Evaluation Samples Implication
Criteria A . Beetroot red fruit
Ethanol Pigments for
Visual modeling clay from
Appearance B. Blue Pea flowers fruit and flower
Ethanol extract.
Color Absorbency
C. Yellow Alder flowers
Color consistency
Ethanol
Product
application on

Feedback molded models

and designs

Figure 2. Fruit and flower extract pigments to modeling clay.

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Cultural Management and Procedure

The general procedure applied in preparation of Fruit and flower extract

pigments to modeling clay

Procedures in Making beetroot red Fruit extract pigments to modeling clay:

1. Gather and prepare all necessary materials, tools and ingredients.

2. Weight the amount of beetroot red fruit of 50gm, 75gm and 100gm as needed.

3. Grate the beetroot red fruit in a plastic bowl.

4. Place the grated beetroot red fruit in a three separate plastic container with each label.

5. Soak the grated beetroot red fruit of 50gm, 75gm and 100gm into 50ml ethanol for

twenty four (24) hours.

6. Rinse the soaked beetroot red fruit and put in a silk screen and squeeze and strain

thoroughly.

7. Transfer the strain soluble pigment in a clear bottle and stored in minimal humidity.

8. And now the pigment is ready to use.

Procedures in Making Blue Pea Flower extract pigments to modeling clay:

1. Gather and prepare all necessary materials tools and ingredients.

2. Weight the amount of Blue Pea flowers of 50gm, 75gm and 100grm needed.

3. Place the Blue Pea flowers in a three separate plastic container with each label.

4. Soak the petals of Blue Pea flowers of 50gm, 75gm and 100gm into 50ml ethanol

for twenty four (24) hours.

5. Rinse the soaked Blue Pea flowers and put in a silk screen and squeeze and strain

thoroughly.
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6. Transfer the strain soluble pigment in a clear bottle and stored in minimal humidity.

7. And now the pigment is ready to use.

Procedures in Making Yellow Alder Flower extract pigments to modeling clay

1. Gather and prepare all necessary materials tools and ingredients.

2. Weight the amount of Yellow Alder flowers of 50gm, 75gm and 100grm needed.

3. Place the Yellow Alder flowers in a three separate plastic container.

4. Soak the petals of Yellow Alder flowers of 50gm, 75gm and 100gm into 50ml

ethanol for twenty four (24) hours.

5. Rinse the soaked Yellow Alder flowers and put in a silk screen and squeeze and

strain thoroughly.

6. Transfer the strain soluble pigment in a clear bottle and stored in minimal humidity.

7. And now the pigment is ready to use.

Procedure in making a modeling clay

1. Prepare all necessary ingredients and materials in making a clay.

2. Measure 3 ½ cups of all purpose flour, ½ cup of table salt, 1 tablespoon of cream of

tartar.

3. Put in the bowl and Mix all the three ingredients thoroughly.

4. Boil water of 2 cups. While boiling add 2 ½ table spoon of vegetable oil and mix

well. ( you can add a drops of color pigment according to you desire while boiling)

5. Mix the boiled water into a large bowl together with the other ingredients and mix

thoroughly using spoon.

6. After mixing, let the mixture sit somewhere cool to cool down in warm mixture.

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7. After the mixture in the bowl cooled, take it all of the bowl and put it down on the

cookie sheet and begin kneading the mixture until it become pliable consistency.

8. Using oven, pre heat for 10 minutes the kneaded clay to make it dry.

9. The clay is ready for molding a figure.

Data Gathering

The research instrument used in this study was the evaluation sheet. It dealt with

the factors used to evaluate the product/sample/ treatments in terms of visual appearance,

color consistency and applicability of the product. There were response categories used

and each category was given corresponding weight or rank value. This was the basis of

the respondents in determine the acceptability of the product presented by the researcher.

They were the following:

Scoring Variables
A. Product

For Quality of the Product

Score Mean interval Quality Description

5 4.21-5.00 Very Good

4 3.41-4.20 Good

3 2.61-3.40 Average

2 1.81- 2.60 Poor

1 1.00- 1.80 Very poor

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Score Mean interval Quality Description

5 4.21-5.00 Superior

4 3.41-4.20 Very Good

3 2.61-3.40 Good

2 1.81- 2.60 Satisfactory

1 1.00- 1.80 Very poor

2. For Color Consistency

Score Mean interval Quality Description

5 4.21-5.00 Very Consistent

4 3.41-4.20 Consistent

3 2.61-3.40 Moderately

2 1.81-2.60 Less Consistent

1 1.00-1.80 Least Consistent

3. For Color Absorbency

Score Mean interval Quality Description

5 4.21-5.00 Very Absorbent

4 3.41-4.20 Absorbent

3 2.61-3.40 Moderately Absorbent

2 1.81-2.60 Less Absorbent

1 1.00-1.80 Least Absorbent

4. For Applicability of the product

Score Mean interval Quality Description

5 4.21-5.00 Very Applicable

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4 3.41-4.20 Applicable

3 2.61-3.40 Moderately Applicable

2 1.81- 2.60 Less Applicable

1 1.00- 1.80 Least Applicable

Statistical Data Analysis

The gathered data were analyzed with the use of statistical tools such as mean, t-test,

analysis of variance (ANOVA) or F–test. All inferential tests were set at 0.01 alpha

levels. The gathered data were computer-processed by the use of Statistical Package for

Social Science (SPSS).

Mean was used to determine the utilization of fruit and flower extract as modeling

clay pigments in terms of in terms of visual appearance, color blending, color

consistency and color adherence.

Statistical Analysis

Statistical tool utilized in the analysis of data was mean. Mean was computed to

determine the visual appearance, absorbency, color consistency and its applicability.

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Where:

The gathered data were analyzed with the use of the following statistical tools:

frequency count, percentage, mean, F- test, and t-test.

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The mean formula is: (Downie and Heath, 1986)

∑X
X = ———
N
Where:
X = is the Mean

∑ X = is the summation of raw scores

N = is the number of respondent

To find out whether there was significant difference on the utilization of fruit and

flower extract as modeling clay pigments in terms of visual appearance, color

absorbency and color consistency t-test was used.

The formula is ( Downie and heath, 1986).

_ _
X1- x2
t = ———————
_
S.E.D. X
Where:

t - is the t- value

X1 - is the mean of the first variable

X2 - is the mean of the second variable

S.E.D X - is the standard error of the difference

between means.
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Cost Analysis
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The cost analysis of tools, materials used including the projected cost labor were

presented below:

Table 3. Cost of Tools and Materials

Quantity Unit Description Value Remarks

Tools
cups 9 pcs plastic Owned
bottle Container 9 pcs Glass Collected
Mixing bowl 1 pc Glass Owned
Tablespoon 3 pc Plastic Collected
1 pc Glass Php75.00 Purchased
Baker
Shredder 1 pc Tin Owned
Knife 1 pc Metal Owned
scissor 1 pc Metal Owned
Weighing Scale 1 pc Plastic Borrowed
Chopping board 1 pc wood Owned

Engredients Php 45.00

All purpose flour 1kl powder Php 40.00 Purchased
Cream of tartar 200gm powder Php 7.00 Purchased
Vegetable oil 10ml liquid purchased

Materials Php40.00
Beetroot red 250 gm Fruit Purchased
Blue Pea
Flowers 225gm flower Collected
Collected
Yellow Alder 225gm flower Collected
Flowers Php285.00
450gm
Ethanol
Php12.00 Purchased
¼m Mist Purchased
Silk Screen
Purchased
Total Php464.00

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Labor was equal to 40% of the cost of materials

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Labor = Php185.60 (cost of materials)

Overall amount /expenses = Php 649.60

Summary of Expenses of nine (9) Products/Samples

If 40 % the labor was added to the cost of materials, the total cost of the products

therefore was:

Labor - Php 185.60

Cost of Materials - Php 464.00

Project Cost - Php649.60 / 9 mixture( including the all treatment made)

Cost - Php72.17

Almost fifty (50) percent will be save by the consumers compare to the commercial

product in the market. Since the commercial product costing Php 145.00

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