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20 armifxGef;ol
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22 armifxGef;ol
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24 armifxGef;ol
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26 armifxGef;ol
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28 armifxGef;ol
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udk tawmfBuD; odxm;[efwl\/ olonf csufcsif;yif avSum;rS
'kef;pdkif;í wufoGm;onf/ wpfBudrfvQif avSum;av;xpf ausmfí
ajy;wufoGm;aejcif;jzpf\/ olUaemufrS rpöuyf gum;onf jznf;jznf;
rSefrSefyif wufvdkufoGm;onf/ olr\ *kPfodu©mu awmif;qdkxm;
onft h wdki;f olrtaejzifh £aÈóu d ©mrJhavmufatmif vkyí f rjzpf/
avSum;qHk;í tay:qHk;xpfudk ausmfrdonhftcg eu©wyf nm&Sif
rav;udk vufESpfzufjzifh ayGUcsDvmaom q&m0efESifh rpöufygum;wdkY
qHkrMd uonf/ q&m0efonf wpfcPrQ&yfum pum;wpfceG ;f ajymonf/
olYtoHonf us,u f s,af vmifavmifawmh r[kw/f
38 armifxGef;ol
xdkpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aom rpöygum;onf wjznf;jznf;

ESihf aysmah cGvmonf/ oHikww f Gif cswd xf m;aom tusÐwpfxnf jyKwfus
oGm;onht f cg aMurGoGm;onfESiw hf ol nf/ aemufykid ;f wGiv
f nf; olUuk,
d f
a&mpdwfyg aMurGovdk cHpm;ae&onhf taetxm;ü &Sdae\/ wpfcg
wpf&HwGif pyfpyfpkpk jyKwwfaom tcef;iSm;rsm;u olrtm; ]]q&m0ef
bmajymoGm;wmvJ}}[k ar;Muonf/
]]bmrS xl;xl;axGaxG rajymygbl;}}[k rpöuyf gum; jyefajzavh&dS
onf/ ]]wu,fvkdY olajymwJhpum; Mum;vdkuf&wJhtwGuf cGihfvTwfrI
udkom &r,fqdk&if igauseyfygNyD}} [kvnf; qdkwwfonf/
vlemwif,mOf wm0efcHq&m0efonf vlemudk weifhwydk; rcsD
um a&SUavmwBuD; xGufvmonf/ acG;wpftkyf olUaemufrS vdkuf
vmonfudkyif *½krpdkufEdkif? acG;rsm;onfyifvQif q&m0ef\ tjzpfukd
Munhfum tlwD;tlaMumifjzpfNyD; vrf;ab;wpfae&mü usef&pfcJhMu
onf/ wjcm;aMumifh r[kw?f q&m0ef\ rsuEf Smxm;onf oluk, d fwdkif
yif toufao&awmhravmuf ]ysu}f aeaomaMumifhaywnf;/
vltrsm;onf 0dki;f tHkMunh½f Ivsuf &SMd u\/ q&m0efonf olo,f
,lvmonfh vlemtm; vlemwif,mOfxJ&dS tdypf if ckwifay:odkY rwifbJ
olU&ifcGifxJüom ayGUcsDxm;onf/ olUtjyKtrlukd ab;rS &yfMunhfaeol
tm;vHk; owdxm;rdMu\/ xdkYaemuf q&m0efu vlemwif,mOfarmif;
tm; atmfajymvdkufonf ]]a[h 0pfvfqef; armfawmfum;udk tpGrf;
ukef tjrefqHk;armif;}}[laom pum;udkyg Mum;vdku&f av\/
jzpfvmorQtm;vHk;onf þrQom jzpfonf/ þonfukyd if 0wåK
wpfyk'[ f k ac:&avrvm;/ aemufaeYeHeufxkwf owif;pmwGif owif;
wpfyk'f ygvmonf/ xdkowif;\ aemufqHk;taMumif;onf jzpfysuf

cJo
h rQtmvHk;udk pkpnf;rdatmif ulnDvrd rhf nf[k ,lq&ayonf/
xdkowif;onf eHygwf 49? ta&SUvrf;rS tpmiwfrGwrf I a0'em
cHpm;&NyD; tvGeftm;enf;aeojzifh aq;½HkBuD;odkY wifydkYcJh&aom rdef;r
ysdKwpfa,muftaMumif;udk jyefvnfazmufonfcsxm;jcif; jzpfav
onf/ xdkowif;udk atmufygpum;rsm;jzifh tqHk;owfxm;ayonf/
xdkvlemtm; jyKpkukoay;aeaom a'gufwm 0DvsH*sufqefu
vlemonf rMumrD jyefvnfusef;rmvmvdrfhrnf[k ajymMum;oGm;ay
onf/
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40 armifxGef;ol
   

ruf'Dqefyef;jcHxJ&dS xkdifckHwpfckay:ü xkdifaeaom qkwfyDonf zif
*emrNidrfjzpfvsuf &Sdonf/ aqmif;0ifawmhrnf t&dyfvu©Pmrsm;udk
jrifawGUae&NyD; iSufrsm;onf awmift&yfodkY ysHoef;oGm;aeMuonf/
taEG;xnfaumif;aumif; topfrsm; vdkcsifaeMuaom rdef;rrsm;onf
olwdkY\ vifrsm;tay: apwema0jzmae½HkrQru tMuifem ydkaeMu
onf/ NyD;awmh yef;NcHxüJ xdkiaf eaom qkwyf o D nf olUxkid cf kaH y: NidrNf idrf
rxdkifEdkif/ vIyfpd vIyfpd jzpfaeNyD/ þtjcif;t&m vu©Pmrsm;onf
aqmif;&moD eD;vmNyD[k today;aejcif;aywnf;/
opf&Guaf jcmufwpf&Guo f nf qkwfyD\ ajcaxmufrsm; Mum;odkY
a<uusvmonf/ aqmif;OwkvmaeNyD[k today;vkdufonhf txl;
vu©Pmwpf&yf jzpfonf/ ruf'Dqefyef;jcHxJü rDw S if;aexdkiMf uol
tzdkY BudKwifjyifqifrIrsm; jyKvky&f ef tcsdeu
f svmNyD jzpfonf/
qkwyf Donf tajctaerSefudk odaeNyD jzpf\/ tcsdefuawmh
usvmNyD/ olUtaejzifh at;jraom &moDOwkumvtwGif; oludk,fhol
aexkdifrI tqifajya&;twGuf enf;vrf; &SmazG&ayOD;awmhrnf/ þ
twGufaMumifhvnf; qkwyf Donf olxdkifaeaom xdkifcHkay:ü zif *em
rNidrf jzpfae&jcif;aywnf;/
42 armifxGef;ol
qkwfyDonf rMumcif a&mufvmawmhrnfh aqmif;&moDtwGif;ü

rnfuJhodkY aexdkifoGm;&rnfudk tav;teufxm;í pOf;pm;vsuf &Sd
onf/ odkYaomf olYaea&; xdkifa&;twGuf arQmfvifhcsufrsm;udkawmh
jrifhjrifhrm;rm; rxm;Edkifacs/ olYtaejzifh oabFmwpfpD;ESifh c&D;a0;
oGm;zdkYvnf; rpOf;pm;Edki/f awmifykid ;f a'obufokYd c&D;xGuzf kYd odrkY [kwf
aeyJvyf ifv,fauGUbufokYd tvnfxGuzf kdYvnf; pdwrf ul;Edki/f
ol jzpfvko
d nfrmS bvuf0JuRe;f ay:rS tusO;f axmifwGif oHk;vrQ
oGm;a&mufaexdkifEkid fcGifh &,lvdkjcif; jzpf\/ aeYpOf tpm;rSefrSef pm;
aomufae&rnfh oHk;v.../ aeYpOf tdyfp&mae&mwpfck tqifoifh&Sdae
&rnfh oHk;v.../ ajrmuft&yfrS vmonfh tat;"mwfrS a0;a0;ae&rnfh
oHk;v.../ &Jrsm;\ tEÅ&m,frS uif;a0;ae&rnfh oHk;v.../ þoHk;v
onf olYtwGuf tvkt d yfqHk; oHk;vjzpf\/ xdkqE´jynfh0a&;onf
þurÇmavmuBuD;twGi;f ü qkwyf D tawmifhwqHk;aom t&m jzpfacs
onf/
bvuf0JuRef; tusOf;axmifonf qkwyf D\ ]]aqmif;a*[m}}
jzpfvmcJhonfrSm ESpaf ygif;rsm;pGm MumcJhNyD/ trSeaf wmh qkwfyD\ tvdk
qEónf BuD;rm;onf r[kw/f e,l;a&mufNrdKUawmfol NrdKUawmfom;
vlcsr;f omrsm;onf aqmif;&moD eD;vmwkid ;f zavmf&D'gurf;ajc odkY
r[kwf? ajrxJyifv,fa'oodkY c&D;xGufMu&ef BuD;rm;aom pDrHudef;
BuD;rsm;udk pDpOfcsrSwfavh&SdMu\/ qkwfyDuawmh bvuf0JuRef;
axmifwGi;f ü oHk;vwmrQ oGm;a&mufaexdkicf Gihf &&Sda&;twGuf tao;
tzJGU tpOftpDuav;rsm;udk csrSwfae&avonf/
tckqdkvQif olYtwGuf tcsdefu usvmaeNyD/ BuD;rm;aom
owif;pmBuD; oHk;apmifrS puúLtcsdKUudk olYukwftusÐatmufü xdk;cH
xm;onf/ tcsdKUudk olYajcaxmufrsm;ü ywfxm;onf/ odkYaomfvnf;

ol ae&onfrSm yef;jcHwiG ;f üjzpfí nydki;f usvQif owif;pmpuúLrsm;u
taEG;"mwfukd ray;Ekid af cs/
NrdKUawmfBuD;twGif;ü tpm;ESifh tdyfp&mae&mtwGuf ol oGm;Ekdif
aom ae&mawG trsm;BuD; &So d nf/ xdkae&mrsm;onf olvkcd siw f mrsm;udk
ay;Muvdrfhrnf jzpf\/ olYtaejzifh taqmufttHkwpfckrS wpfckokdY
a&TUajymif;aevQifvnf; &vdrfhrnf jzpfonf/ odkYaomfvnf; olonf
xkdae&mrsm;xuf bvuf0JuRef;udk ydkBudKufonf/
qkwyf Donf rmefrme&Sdol jzpf\/ tu,fí olYtaejzifh NrdKUawmf
BuD;twGif;rS ae&mrsm;udk oGm;rnfqkdygu olYbufrS vkyfay;&rnfh
tvkyfawG &Sdaeonf/ wpfenf;r[kwf wpfenf;jzifh olwdkYay;orQ
twGuf olYbufu jyefay;&rnfht&mrsm;rsm; &Sdae\/ olwdkYtaejzifh
olYxHrS aiGaMu;awmh awmif;Muvdrhfrnf r[kwf/ odkYaomfvnf; olwdkY
onf olw Y pfuk,
d vf Hk;tm; ajymifpifoef&Y Si;f oGm;ap&ef a&csKd ;cdki;f vdrrfh nf
jzpfonf/ NyD;awmh olwdkYar;orQ ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzcdkif;Muvdrhrf nf/
olwkYdonf rdrd\b0jzpfpOfESihf ywfoufí t&m&mwkdif; odvkdMuonf
r[kwyf gavm/
olESifh rjzpf/ b,fenf;ESifhrS rjzpf/ xdkae&mrsm;xuf omvGef
aumif;rGeo f nfrSm axmifomvQif jzpf\/ tusOf;axmifwGif; ol
vdkufem&rnfh pnf;urf;awG &Sdonf/ odkYaomfvnf; axmifxJwGif
vlBuD;vlaumif;wpfa,muf b0onf ol\ udk,yf kid b f 0yif jzpfonf/
qkwfyDonf uRef;ay:odkY oGm;aernf[k qHk;jzwfvdkufNyDjzpf&m olY
qHk;jzwfcsuftwdkif; jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf pwifvIyf&Sm;&ef MuHpnf
pdwful;vsuf &Sdav\/
44 armifxGef;ol
,if;udpöudk taumiftxnfazmfEkdifonfh vG,fuloufomaom

enf;aygif;rsm;pGm &Sod nf/ pdwfcsrf;omp&m taumif;qHk;jzpfrnfh enf;
wpfenf;rSm taumif;qHk; pm;aomufqdkio f kdY oGm;í aumif;ayhqkdonfh
npmudk pm;aomuf&ef jzpfonf/ pm;NyD;onft h cg olYwiG f ay;p&m aiG
wpfjym;rS r&Sd[k ajymvdkufrnf/ xdktcg qkdif&Sifu &Judk ac:rnf/
at;at;aq;aq;ESihf NyD;oGm;Ekdifonfhupd ö jzpfonf/ &Ju olYtm; zrf;
vdrrhf nf/ olYukd w&m;olBuD;wpfO;D \ a&SUarSmufokYd ydrkY nf/ uset f ydki;f udk
w&m;olBuD;u qufvkyo f mG ;vdrrfh nf/
qkwyf Donf xdkicf HkrS xum ruf'Dqefyef;jcHtjyifokdY xGuv f mNyD;
emrnfBuD; ba&mha0;ESifh yOör&dyfomvrf;qHkokYd avQmufvmcJhonf/
olonf uGuv f yfwpfckukd jzwfum ba&mha0;vrf;rBuD;twdki;f ajrmuf
bufodkY qufavQmufonf/ a&mifpHkrD;rsm; xdefxdefnD;rQ xGe;f nd§xm;
aom pm;aomufqdkiBf uD;wpfqkdifa&SU ta&mufwGif &yfvdkufonf/ þ
qdkio f nf npOfnwdkif; taumif;qHk; t0wftpm;rsm; 0wfxm;aom
tcsrf;omqHk; vlrsm;u taumif;qHk; tpm;tpmrsm;udk vma&muf
pm;aomufavh&adS om qdkiBf uD;jzpfonf/
qkwfyDtaejzifh olYajcaxmufrsm;\ tay:ydkif;onf jyóem
r&Sd[k ,kHMunfonf/ olYrsufESmonf oefY&Sif;pifMu,faeonf/ olY
ukwt f uÐsonf aumif;ao;onf/ tu,fí olonf qdkifxJü pm;yGJ
wpfvHk;udk &NyDqdkygu atmifjrifrI&zdkY aocsmNyD[k ol ,HkMunho f nf/
pm;yGJüom xdkirf vd Qif cE¨mudk,f tay:ydki;f udkom trsm;u jrifMurnf
jzpfí tqifajyzG,f&mom &Sd\/ odkYqkdvQif pm;yGJxkd;onf ol rSmMum;
orQ tpm;tpmrsm;udk ,lvmvdrrfh nfrSm rvGJ/
olbmpm;vQif aumif;rvJ[laom tawG;udk pawG;onf/ olpY w d f
tm½HkwGif npmpm;yGJBuD;udk jrifawGUae&\/ npmtwGuf ukefusrnfh
aiGonf rsm;vSrnf r[kw/f qdkif&Sifrsm;bufrS tBuD;tus,f a'gyG

aernfudkvnf; ol rvdkvm;/ odkYaomfvnf; olpm;rnhf npmonf
aqmif;a*[modkY roGm;rD pm;&rnfh npmjzpfojzifh t&om &Sd&rnf/
Adkujf ynf&h rnf/ aysm&f rnf/ odkYaomfvnf; qkwyf \ D ajcaxmufwpfzuf
qdkifxJodkY 0ifrdonhftcg pm;yGJxdk;rSL;onf aygufaeaom ½SL;zdeyfrsm;
ESihf pkwNf yJaeonhf abmif;bDukd jrifomG ;onf/ oefrmaom vufESpzf uf
onf qkwyf \ D vnfukwu f kd rdr&d & qkwu f kid u
f m wGe;f xkwv
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qkwfyDonf ba&mha0;vrf;ay:rS jyefvnfqkwfcGmvmcJhonf/
uRef;ay:odkY a&mufa&;twGuf oltvdkvm;qHk;ESifh tvG,fqHk;enf;rSm
taumiftxnf ay:rvmawmhay/ olYtaejzifh axmifodkY acsmacsm
armarm a&mufoGm;Edkifa&;twGuf wjcm;enf;rsm;udk xyfrHí pOfpm;
&ayOD;awmhrnf/
qVr&dyo f mvrf;axmifhodkY ta&mufwGif vQyfppfrD;rsm; xdefxdef
vif;atmif xGef;xm;onhf qdkifwpfqkid fukd awGUonf/ jywif;ayguf
wpfaygufrSm rSefcsyfBuD;wpfcsyf tjynhfwyfxm;onf/ qkwfyDonf
vrf;ab;wpfae&mrSm ausmufcJBuD;wpfvHk;udk zswfceJ aumuf,lum
rSefjywif;aygufBuD;tm; wtm;ukef ypfaygufvdkufonf/ vltrsm;
tjym;onf rSeu f JGoHaMumifh qdkiaf &SUokdY tajy;tvTm; a&mufvmMu
onf/ olwdkYtkyfpkxJwGif a&SUqHk;rS a&mufvmolrSm &Jom;wpfa,muf
jzpf\/ qkwfyDonf cyfwnfwnfyif &yfae&mrS &Jom;udk jrifvdkuf
aomtcg jyHK;onf/
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]]usKyf xkvdkufwmvdkY cifAsm; rxifrb d l;vm;}}[k qkwfyDu
yrmrcefY avoHjzifh ar;onf/ olonf tljrL;vsuf &Sd\/ olY tvdkqE´
46 armifxGef;ol
onf rMumcif jynfh0awmhrnf r[kwfygvm;/ olYtvdkqE´ wjcm;

r[kwf/ &Ju olYxHvmNyD; olYtm; zrf;qD;&efyif jzpfonf/
odkYaomfvnf; &Ju qkwfyDtay:ü enf;enf;uav;rS oHo,
r0if/ jywif;aygufrsm;udk cJESiahf ygufcJo G lrsm;onf b,fawmhrS tckvkd
jypfrIusL;vGefonfhae&mü &yfaeNyD; &Jrsm;tm; pum;ajym½dk; xHk;pHr&Sd/
wwfEdkifvQif olwkdYonf zaemifhESihw f ifyg; wpfom;wnf;usatmif
xGuaf jy;MupNrJ jzpf\/
&Jonf [k[d o
kd nfonf arQmMf unho f nf/ vrf;ay:twdki;f ajy;oGm;
aeonhf vlwpfa,mufudk jrifonf/ &Jonf xdkvl\ aemufodkY ajy;
vdkufoGm;onf/ qkwfyDonf rsm;pGm pdwfysufoGm;onf/ olonf
aES;auG;av;vHaom ajcvSr;f rsm;jzifh xdkae&mrS xGucf GmoGm;onf/
ol\ tm;xkwrf Irsm;onf ESpfBudrfww d d ysujf ym;cJh&NyD/
vrf;\tjcm;wpfzufwGif pm;aomufqdkifwpfqkdif &Sdonf/
ba&mha0;vrf;rBuD;ay:u qdkifvdk emrnfBuD;qdkifawmh r[kwf/ þ
qdkifokdY vma&mufí pm;aomufMuolrsm;rSmvnf; vlcsrf;omrsm;
r[kw/f tpm;taomufrsm;vnf; odyNf yD;raumif;/
qkwyf Donf xdkqdkifxJodkY olY½SL;zdeyfpkwfrsm;udk rcRwfbJ olY
t0wftpm; tpkwftNyJrsm;udk rvJrz,fbJ 0ifoGm;onf/ olYtm;
ydwyf if wm;qD;rnfhol wpfO;D rQ r&S/d olonf pm;yGJwpfvHk;ü tcefYom;
0ifxikd uf m npmudk BudKuf&mrsm; rSmí pm;aomufonf/ NyD;pD;oGm;aom
tcg olYwGif ay;p&m aiGwpfjym;rS r&Sd[k ajymonf/
]]uJ uJ tvkyfvkyMf uawmh? &Jwpfa,mufukd jrefjrefom ac:ay
awmh}}[k qkwyf u D ajymonf/ ]]vlBuD;vlaumif;wpfa,mufukd tcsed f
MumMumBuD; apmifhcdkif;xm;&if raumif;bl;qdkwm odMu&if aumif;
r,f}}
]]rifhtwGuf &Jrvdkbl;}} [k pm;yGJxdk;wpfa,muf ajymNyD; olY

tay: pm;yGJxkd; wpfa,muftm; vSr;f ac:onf/
pm;yGJxk;d ESpaf ,mufonf olYtm; csKd if;ESpfzufrS rçum qdkiftjyif
odkY vTifhypfvku d Mf uonf/ qkwfyDonf vrf;ray:odkY apmif;vsuf vJus
oGm;ojzifh em;&Guw f pfzuf emoGm;onf/ olonf tawmfBuD; tm;,lí
x&yf&\/ olYt0wftpm;rsm;ay:rS zkerf sm; cgxkwo f nf/ axmifonf
aysmfp&m tdyfrufwpfck jzpfoGm;&jyefNyD/ uRef;axmifonf olESifh vuf
vSrf;rrDEdkifavmufatmif uGma0;onhfae&modkY a&mufoGm;&jyefNyD/
vrf;ab;wpfae&mü a&mufaeaom &Jwpfa,mufu olUtm; MunhNf yD;
atmf&,fonf/
qkwfyDonf pdwfysufvufysufjzifh rdkif0ufcefY qufavQmuf
vmcJhonf/ þwpfBudrfawmh ol rkcsatmifjrif&rnf[k wGufonf/
Munhfaysmf½Iaysmf&Sdaom rdef;rysdKwpfa,mufonf qdkifwpfqdkif jywif;
ayguf teD;ü&yfum twGif;rS ypönf;rsm;udk vSrf;Munhfaeonf/ xdk
rdef;rysdKESifh uyfí&yfaeonhf vlwpfa,mufrSm xGm;xGm;usdKif;usdKif;
&JBuD;wpfa,muf/
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rdef;rysdKtm; Munhf&onfrSm oabmaumif;yHk &aomfvnf; vlpdrf;
wpfa,mufu olYtm; pum;vmajymonfudkrl vdkvm;rnfhyHk ray:ay/
ol oGm;ípum;ajymvQif b,fenf;ESifhrqdk rdef;rysdKonf &JxHrS tul
tnD awmif;cHvdrfhrnfrSm rvGJay/ xdktcg &Ju olYtm; zrf;rnfjzpfí
olu, kd w
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olonf rdef;rysdKteD;odkY oGm;&yfonf/ &Ju olYtm; rsufjcnf
rjywf apmifhMunhaf eonfukd oljrifae&onf/ rdef;rysdKonf ol &yfae
48 armifxGef;ol
aom ae&mESifh uGmoGm;atmif cGmí&yfonf/ qkwyf Du vkdufoGm;

onf/ rde;f rysdKab;ü uyfí &yfum vSr;f ajymonf/
]]r*Fvmnaecif;yg bD'DvD,m/ udk,feJYvdkufNyD; raysmfcsifbl;
vm;uG,}f }
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wef;um olY vufudk vSrf;qGJonf/
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u &Sifhudk csufcsif; pum;jyefajymrSmaygh/ 'gayrJh a[mh[dk&Ju apmifh
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&Jonf olYtm; ausmay;NyD; &yfae&mrS olUab;rS vlESifh pum;
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qkwfyDonf Nidrfaeonf/ olYudk vufESifhyif xdrnfh &J[lí
wpfa,mufrS r&Sdawmhbl;vm;/ olonf axmiftaMumif;udk pOf;pm;
um pdwfxdcdkufvsuf &Sdjyefonf/ olonf ol\cyfyg;yg; ukwftusÐ
udk cyfwif;wif;qGJí ywfvku d \f / avonf at;jrvSygbdonf/
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axmifxm;onf/ qkwfyDonf qdkifxJodkY0ifum xD;udk ,lí jyefxGuf
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50 armifxGef;ol
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vrf;axmifhrS&Jonf trsdK;orD;BuD;wpfOD;tm; vrf;wpfzufokdY vdkufydkY
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&Jrsm;tay: vHk;0rauseyf/ olu &Jrsm;\tzrf;udk cHcsifaeonf/
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[k jrifaeMu[ef&Sd\/
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trSefawmh olonf olYtdrfokdY jyefjcif;jzpf\/ olYtdrfonf yef;jcHwpfck
twGi;f rS xkid cf kwH pfckrQom jzpfayonf/
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tem;wGif vloGm;vlvm tenf;i,frQom &Sdonf/ olYacgif;txuf
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ndK§ U,zl rf;pm;aeonf/ vGecf ahJ om ESpaf ygif;rsm;pGmuwnf;u olMum;zl;
cJhaom bk&m;*kPfawmfbGJU aw;oHjzpfacsonf/ xkdtcsdefwkef;uawmh
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52 armifxGef;ol
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jyKvkyof lonf rvdr®mjcif;om jzpfonf/
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54 armifxGef;ol
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usKyf rxifbl;/ pma&;q&mBuD; ½l'DupfyvifeJY wjcm; pma&;q&m
tawmfrsm;rsm;u wd&pämefawG[mvnf; olwdkY&JU oabmxm;eJY cHpm;
rIawGygwJh olw&Ykd UJ taMumif;awGukd a&;Edkipf rG ;f &Sad eMuaMumif; oufao
awG jyxm;cJhNyD;NyD r[kwfvm;/ aemufNyD;awmhvnf; 'DaeY 'DacwfrSm
aMumufp&m vefYp&myHkawGukdom tom;ay;azmfjyNyD; acwfa[mif;
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wJh r*¾Zif;qdkwm r&Sdoavmuf jzpfaeNyDavAsm/ tJ'Dawmhum usKyf
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jzpfr,frxifygbl;/
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usKyf[m usKyf&JUb0wpfavQmufvHk;vdkvkd e,l;a,mufNrdKUxJu tcef;-
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56 armifxGef;ol
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tJ'Dawmh tJovdkaumifrsdK;qDu avoHcyfjrifhjrifheJY &oodyfajrmufwJh
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usKyfudk arG;vmwmu acG;0gav;wpfaumiftjzpf arG;vmwm
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usKyf yxrOD;qHk; rSwfrdaewmu tbGm;tdkBuD;wpfa,mufu usKyfudk
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u wwd,xyfrmS yg/ avSum;twdki;f auGUywfNyD; wufvm&if usKyfwkYd
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58 armifxGef;ol
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nmbufab;ü aygufa&mufaeMuaom opfyifBuD;oHk;yifudk
awGU&vdrfhrnf/ xdktyifBuD;rsm;\ wwd,opfyifESihf rsuEf Smcsi;f
qdkif&Sd *sHKcif;jcH wdkifajc&if;wGif tqifoifhcsxm;aom aowåm
wpfvHk;udk awGU&vdrrhf nf/ pmydkYorm;onf tajzpmudk xdkaowåm
xJü xnhfxm;cJhNyD; tjrefqHk; qefrpf&GmodkY jyefvnfxGufcGm
oGm;&rnfjzpfaMumif;/
tu,fí oifhbufrS uREfkyw f kYd ,ckazmfjycJhonfh awmif;qdk
csurf sm;twdki;f rvdkufembJ opömazmufzsuf&ef tm;xkwfjcif;?
MuHpnfjcif; ponfrsm; jyKvkyfcJhygu oif\ om;tm; jyefvnf
jrifawGU&awmhrnf r[kwaf y/
tu,fí oifu uREfkyfwdkY awmif;cHaom aiGudk ay;ygu
oifhom;tm; oifhxHodkY oHk;em&DtwGif; ab;roD &efrcbJ
jyefvnfqdkufa&mufatmif ykdYaqmifay;rnf/ þawmif;qdkcsuf
rsm;udk aps;qpf&ef rBudK;pm;avESifh/
xif&mpdki;f rnfh vlEpS Of ;D
usKyf[m pmudk a':quf&JU vdyfpmwyfNyD; tdwfuyfxJ xnfh,l
vmw,f/ usKyf *luxGucf geD;rSm o&Jav;u vmNyD;ajymw,f/
]]cifAsm; oGm;aewkef;rSm uRefawmf bvufpaumufvkyfwrf;
upm;r,faemf/ cifAsm;vnf; upm;Ekdifw,fvdkY uRefawmhfudk ajym
NyD;NyDy}J }wJh/
100 armifxGef;ol
]]rif;BudKufwm upm;aygh}}vdkY usKyfu jyefajymvdkufw,f/

]]rpöwmbpfvu f rif;eJY upm;vdrhrf ,f/ rifhupm;enf;u bmvJu}G }
]]uRefawmfu bvufpaumufayghAs/ uRefawmfu cHwyfqDudk
jrif;eJYpkid f;w,f/ tif'D,ef;awG vmaeNyDvkYd tjrefvmNyD; owif;ydkYwm/
uRefawmfu tck tif'D,ef;acgif;aqmif rvkyfcsifawmhbl;/ pdwfukef
oGm;NyD/ tckqkd a&SUajy;uif;orm; bvufpaumuf jzpfomG ;NyD}}
]]at;av/ rifo h abmaygh/ rif;BudKuf&m upm;wmyJ/ ightwGuf
bmjyóem r&Syd gbl;/ rpöwm bpfvu f awmh rif;eJY upm;Edkirf Smyg}}vdkY
usKyfu jyefajymw,f/
]]rifu h pm;enf;xJrmS igu bmvky&f rSmvJ}} vdkY bpfvu f aumif
av;udk oHo,ruif;wJh rsufESmxm;eJY MunhfNyD; ar;w,f/
]]cifAsm;u jrif;vky&f r,f}} vdkY aumifav;u ajzw,f/
]]cifAsm;u vufawG? ajcawGudk av;zufaxmufay;&r,f/
uRefawmfu jrif; rygbJeJY cHwyfukd b,fvkv d kyfNyD; vmvdkY&rSmvJAs}}
]]'Daumifudk pdw0f ifpm;aeatmifawmh vkyx f m;rSjzpfr,f bpfvf
&/ tJ'Dawmh onf;cHvku d fyguGm/ wdkYtpDtpOf acsmoGm;atmifawmh
vkyrf SjzpfrSm}}vdkY usKyfu bpfvu f dk owday;&w,f/
bpfvf[m av;zufaxmufvdkufw,f/ olYrsufvHk;awGuawmh
axmifacsmufrdaewJh ,keo f li,frsufvHk;awGeJY wlaew,f/
]]a[haumif rifhcHwyfu b,favmufa0;ovJ}} vdkY bpfvfu
o&Jav;udk vSr;f ar;w,f/
]]rdkiu f k;d q,f a0;w,fAs}}vdkY o&Jav;u ajzw,f/ ]]cifAsm;u
cHwyfudk tcsdefrSD 'ke;f ajy;&rSm/ uJAsm tckyJpr,f ajy;awmh}}
ajymajymqdkqdkeJYyJ aumifav;u bpfvf&JU ausmay:udk ajy;NyD;

ckefwufvdkufw,f/ olYajcaxmufESpfzufeJY bpfvfeHab;udk aqmifh
aqmifhxkd;w,f/
]]'ku©ygyJ qrf&m}}vkdY bpfvfu nnf;w,f/ ]]rif; jrefjref
rvmvdkYuawmh rjzpfbl;uGm/ tjrefqHk;om jyefcJhyg/ wdkYaiGawmif;wm
rsm;oGm;ovm; rodbl;/ wpfaxmifausmfqdkawmh vmra&G;&if b,fh
ES,vf kyMf urvJ}}
usKyftaeeJY bmrS xyfajymp&mu r&SdvkdY rajymawmhbl;/ ]]ay:
yvmuk} &Gmbufukd xGuv f mcJhw,f/ &GmxJu vlwpfa,mufu ajym
w,f/ qefrpf&Gmu &GmvlBuD; tDbifeDZm a':quf&JU om;av; aysmuf
aew,fwJh/ usKyfodcsifaewmu tJ'gyJ/ usKyf[m ygvmwJh pmudk
pmwdkuftxd oGm;NyD; xnfhvdkuw f ,f/ aus;&Gmpmwdkurf SL;u rMumcif
qefrpf&Gmu pmydkYvkvif[m pmawGudk vm,lawmhrSmygvkdY awmif
usKyfukad jymjyvdkuaf o;w,f/
usKyf*ludk jyefa&mufawmh bpfvfeJY ol&Jav;udk rawGUbl;/ usKyf
[m *lxJrSma&m? *l&JU ywf0ef;usifrSma&m vkdu&f Smw,f/ tpteawmif
rjrif&bl;/ 'gaMumifhrkdY usKyf[m aq;wHukd rD;nd§NyD; zGm&if; tajctae
udk apmifhaew,f/
em&D0ufavmufMumawmh jcHKwpfckxJu csdK;csdK;cRwfcRwf toH
awGMum;vdkuf&NyD; bpfvfxGufvmwm awGU&w,f/ olYaemufrSm
awmh ajcoHrMum;atmif jznf;jznf;av; avQmufvmaewJh aumif
av;As/ rsufESmuvnf; pyfjznf;jznf;eJY/ bpfvfuawmh usKyfa&SU
a&mufawmh &yfvdkufw,f/ olYacgif;u OD;xkyfudk cRwfvdkufNyD;
vufudkiyf 0geJY rsufESmu acR;awGukd okwfaew,f/ aumifav;u
awmh ol&JUaemuf &Spaf ytuGmavmufrSm &yfaew,f/"
102 armifxGef;ol
]]rif;uawmh ighudk opömazmufvdkY pGypf JGawmhrSm aocsmaeNyD

qrf}}vdkY bpfvu f ajymw,f/ ]]'gayrJh oli,fcsi;f &,f ig rwwfEkid f
awmhbl;/ [kdaumifav; tck 'DrSm r&Sad wmhbl;/ ig 'Dol&Jav;udk
tdrjf yefckdi;f vdkuNf yD/ rif;ajymwJth wdki;f onf;cHzkYdawmh BudK;pm;cJhygw,f/
r&bl; qrf&m/ onf;cHw,fqkdwmuvnf; twdki;f twmeJYu/G twdki;f
twmudk ausmo f Gm;&if vHk;0r&awmhb;l }}
]]tck bmawGjzpfukefvkdYvJu}G }vdkY usKyfu ar;w,f/
]]olu ighukd jrif;vkyNf yD; pD;w,fuGm}}vdkY bpfvu f ajymw,f/
]]cHwyfudk rdkifukd;q,fc&D;uG/ tMumBuD; pD;wm? tJ'Daemufawmh
wpfem&Dausmaf usmfavmuf olar;wJh ar;cGef;awGudk igu ajzae&
w,f/ ar;wJah r;cGe;f awGuvnf; ½l;oGm;avmufygw,fuGm/ bmawG
rSef;udk rodbl;/ wu,hf &Sm&SmaygufaygufawGyg/ taygufawGxJrSm
bmrSr&Sdwm bmaMumifhvJwJh/ ½l;avmufygw,fuGm/ aemufNyD;awmh
vrf;rBuD;wpfck ESpfvrf;oGm;vdkY&wm[m b,fvdkyHkeJY oGm;vdkY&wm
vJwJh/ jrufyifawGukd pdr;f aeatmif bmeJY vkyx f m;wmvJwJh}}
]]rif;yJpOf;pm;MunhfyguGm/ vlwpfa,muf[m trsm;BuD;cHEkdif
&nf&Sdygw,f/ 'gayrJh 'Do&Jav;eJYusawmh cHEdkifzdkY rvG,fbl;/ ig
olYtusÐudk vnfyif;atmufem;u qkwfNyD; '&Gwfwkduf qJGac:vmcJh
w,f/ awmifay:uaeNyD; atmufa&mufwJhtxd wpfvrf;vHk; ighudk
ajcaxmufeJY uefvmw,f/ ighvufawGudkvnf; ESpfcgoHk;cgavmuf
tudkufcH&ao;w,f/ 'gayrJh bm&vJuGm/ ig olYudk qefrpf&Gmbuf
oGm;wJhvrf;urf;udk jyNyD; ajcaxmufeJY wtm;uefxJhvdkufwm &Spfay
avmuftuGmxd vGihx f Guo f Gm;w,f odvm;}}
]]wdkYtaeeJY awmif;xm;wJhaiGukad wmh tqHk;cH&awmhrSmyJ/ aiGeJYvl
wpfckawmh tqHk;cHrSjzpfrSm/ rif;yJ pOf;pm;Munhfav aiGudk tqHk;rcH
csif&if bpfv'f &Dpudk;qdkwJh rifholi,fcsif; ig[m t½l;axmifudk oGm;&

awmhrmS aocsmaeNyDu}G }
usKyfwkYdawmif;xm;wJh aiGudk vufvTwf&awmhrSmrdkY bpfvf[m
pdwfaumif;yHkawmh r&bl;/ 'gayrJh [dko&Jav;&JU ab;&efu a0;awmh
rSmrdkY odyNf yD; pdwcf sr;f omaeyH&k w,f/ olrY suEf mS [m tawmfhukd Munfvif
aew,f/
tajctaerSefudk jrifae&wJh usKyfuvnf; olYtwGuf pdwf
raumif;ygbl;/ ]]'Dr,f bpfvf? rif;wdkY trsdK;awGxJrSm ESvHk;a&m*g
jzpfaewJh vlawG &Sdovm;}} vkdY ar;rdw,f/
]]r&Sdbl;uG}}vdkY bpfvfu jyefajymw,f/ ]]wdkYtrsdK;xJrSm iSuf
zsm;a&m*gonfawGawmh &Sdw,f/ rif;u bmjyKvdkY ar;wmvJ}} wJh/
]]at;uGm/ 'gqdk&ifawmh rifh&JUaemufudk vSnfhMunhfvdkufprf;
ygvm;}}vdkY usKyfu ajymvdkufw,f/
bpfvf[m aemufudk vSnhfMunfhw,f/ [kdo&Jav; &yfaewm
vnf; jrifa&m olYrsufESm[m jzLzyfjzLa&mfjzpfoGm;NyD; wpfcgwnf;
ajrBuD;ay:udk ajcypfvufypf xkid cf svku d wf ,f/ ol[m jrufyifawGay:
acgif;idkupf dkucf sNyD; ai;aMumifaMumif jzpfaew,f/
wpfem&DeD;yg;avmuf rvIyrf ,Suf xdkiaf ewJh bpfvu f dk MunhNf yD;
usKyf pdk;&dro f Gm;w,f/ rawmfwq pdwaf zmufjyefomG ;&if cufcsnf&JUvkYd
awG;NyD; ylyefaerdw,f/ csufcsif;yJ usKyfu usKyfwdkY tpDtpOf[m
rMumcif tqifajyoGm;rSmrdkY pdwfnpfp&m r&SdaMumif;? usKyfwkYd pmudk
&&if aumifav;&JUtazqDu aiG[m 'Dn oef;aumif,rH mS a&mufvmzdkY
&Sad Mumif; ajymNyD; olu Y kd azsmif;zscJhw,f/
104 armifxGef;ol
'geJYyJ bpfvf[m olYpdwfol jyefxdef;NyD; xdkifae&mu xvm

w,f/ aumifav;udk MunhNf yD; cyfjyHK;jyHK;? cyfrrJh hJ rsuEf Smxm;eJY EIwq f uf
w,f/ NyD;awmh ol tarmajyoGm;&if aumifav;eJY ½k&Sm;-*syefppfwdkuf
wrf; upm;r,fvdkY uwday;w,f/
usKyfuawmh usKyf&JU tpDtpOftwkdi;f taESmifht,Sufr&SdbJ aiG
&zdkYudkom t"duxm;NyD; pOf;pm;aew,f/ olwdkYqDu tajzvmay;
zdkY owfrSwx f m;wJh opfyifBuD;u vrf;rBuD;eJY uyfaew,f/ av;zuf
av;wefrSmvnf; v,fuGi;f awGyJ &Sdw,f/ tJ'Dawmh wu,fvkdY &JawG
ac:vm&if ta0;BuD;uwnf;u jrifEkid fw,f/ 'DaumifawG v,fuGi;f
awGeJY vrf;rBuD;udk rjzwfbJ opfyifqu D kd a&mufrvmEdkib f ;l / 'Dwpfcsuf
[m usKyfwkYb d ufu tay:pD;&xm;wJh tcsuyf JAs/ 'Dvked JYyJ n&Spef m&DcJG
wdwdrSm usKyf[m tJ'Dcsde;f xm;wJh opfyifBuD;ay: wufNyD; ykef;aecJh
w,f/ pmvmydkYwJhaumifudk 'Dae&mu apmifhwm[m taumif;qHk;aygh
Asm/
owfrSwfcsdeftwdkif; twdtusyJAsdKU/ oli,fav; wpfa,muf
pufbD;wpfpD;eJY a&mufvmw,f/ usKyfwdkY csxm;wJh aowåmxJudk
puúLvdyu f av; wpfvyd x f nfNh yD; csucf si;f yJ qefrpf&mG bufukd jyefomG ;
w,f/
usKyf opfyifay:rS xdkiNf yD; aemufxyf wpfem&Dww d d apmifhMunhf
aew,f/ aemufaMumif; &Si;f r&Si;f MunhOf D;rS jzpfwmAs/ 'Dtvkyrf sdK;u
aphpyfaocsmrS jzpfwmr[kwfvm;/ wpfem&Dvnf;ausmfa&m usKyf[m
opfyifay:u avQmqif;vmcJhw,f/ aowåmxJupmudk uysmu,m
,lNyD; *lbufjyefvmcJhw,f/ *lxJrSm xGef;xm;wJh za,mif;wdkifrD;eJY
pmudk atmfzwfjyw,f/ pm&JU tqdkuawmh-
xif&mpdki;f rnfh vlEpS Of ;D xHokYd

vlBuD;rif;rsm; cifAsm;
cifAsm;wdkY pmwkdufrS xnfhvdkufwJhpmudk 'DaeYyJ usKyf&vdkY
usKyfom;twGuf aiGb,favmufay;NyD; a&G;&r,fqdkwm od&yg
w,f/ cifAsm;wdkY awmif;cHxm;wJh aiG[m tenf;i,frsm;vGef;
w,fvdkY usKyfxifygw,f/ tJ'Dawmh usKyfbufu tMuHwpfck
jyKyg&ap/ 'DtMuHudk cifAsm;wdkYuvnf; vufcHMurSmyJvdkY usKyf
,HkMunfaeygw,f cifAsm;/
cifAsm;wdkYtaeeJY usKyfom; *RefeDudk tdrjf yefykYw
d JhtcgrSm usKyf
udk aiGom; a':vmESpf&mhig;q,fwdwd ay;yg/ tJ'grSom usKyf
om;udk cifAsm;wdkY vufxJu jyefvnfvJTajymif;,lzkdY usKyfoabm
wlrSmyg/ wu,fvdkY vmydkYr,fqdk&ifvnf; nusrS vmydkYyg/
usKyf & JU tdr f eD; em;csif;awG u usKyfo m;ud k aysmuf o Gm;NyDvd kY
,HkMunfaeMuwmyg/ usKyfom;udk cifAsm;wdkYu jyefykdYwmudk
jrifoGm;&if cifAsm;wdkYudk olwdkYu tEÅ&m,f wpfpHkwpfck ay;vm
cJh&if usKyfvHk;0 wm0ef,lEkid frnf r[kwyf g/
av;pm;pGmjzifh
tDbifeDpm a':quf
]]tawmfBuD;udk vlyg;0wJh acG;olckd;BuD;ygvm;/ 'DaumifBuD;
apmfum;armfum;jyKwmudk igwdkY}}
pum;rqHk;cif usKyfu bpfvf&JU rsufESmudk wpfcsufvSrf;Munhf
vdkufw,f/ usKyfpum; rqufEkid fawmhbl;/ olYrsufcGufu rsufESmao
uav;eJYAs/ usKyfudk MunfhaewJh olYrsufvHk;awG[m wcw,
awmif;yefaeovdkvydk J/
106 armifxGef;ol
]]ig awmif;yefygw,f qrf&,f}}vdkY olu ajymw,f/ ]]a':vm

ESpf&mhig;q,fqkdwm jzpfavmufwJhaiG r[kwfygbl; oli,fcsi;f &m/
wdkYrSm aiG&SdaewmyJ/ [kdo&Jav;udk aemufxyfwpfn odyfzdkY qdkwm
tifrwef aMumufp&maumif;ygw,f/ 'Daumifav; vkyfyHkaMumifh
ig[m buf'fvift½l;axmifudk oGm;&rSm aocsmoavmuf jzpfaeyg
w,fuGm/ tckudpörSm rpöwma':quf[m tvGef&ufa&mw,fvdkY
igxifygw,f/ 'Davmuf aiGuav;awmif;wm[m wdkYtay: n§mwm
axmufxm;&m usygw,f/ tJ'aD wmh oli,fcsi;f &,f pdwu f ;l rvJGygeJ/Y
tcgtcGifhoifhwke;f olYtMuHjyKcsufeJY urf;vSr;f csufudk vufcHvdkuyf g
uGm/ vufcHr,f r[kwfvm; [if}} wJh/
]]trSeftwdkif; 0efcH&r,fqdk&ifawmh igudk,fwdkifvnf; 'Do&J
av;aMumifh pdwfawG aemufaewmygyJ bpfvf&m}}vkdY usKyfu jyef
ajymw,f/ ]]tJ'Dawmh 'Daumifav;udk 'DnyJ jyefydkYay;vdkufr,f/
olYtazawmif;wJh aiGukdvnf; igay;vdkurf ,f}}
tJ'DnrSmyJ [dko&Jav;udk usKyfwYkd jyefykdYay;Muw,f/ rjyefygbl;
vkyfaevdkY usKyfwdkYrSm tyifyef;cHNyD; acsmh&armh&ao;w,f/ olYtazu
olYtwGuf aiGem;uGyf ½kid fz,fwpfvufeJY vleDawGpD;wJh vTmcsif;zdeyf
wpf&ef 0,fxm;aMumif; vdrfnmajym&ao;w,f/ reufjzefusvdkY
usKyfwdkY 0uf0Hvdkux f Guf&if olYudkyg vmac:r,fvdkYvnf; uwday;
Mu&ao;w,f/
usKyfwdkY tDbifeDZm&JU tdrfa&SUwHcg;udk acgufaewJh tcsde[ f m
n q,fw h pfem&D xd;k aeNyD/ trSeaf wmh rlvtpDtpOftwdik ;f qd&k if 'Dtcsed rf mS
usKyf[m opfyifBuD;atmufrSm csxm;wJh aowåmxJu a':vmaiG
wpfaxmifhig;&mudk EIduf,laeNyDayghAsm/ 'gayrJh tckawmh usKyfvl
bpfvfu a':vmaiGESpf&mhig;q,fudk wpf&Gufcsif;pD a&wGufNyD;

a':quf&JU vufxJudk xnhfay;ae&ygw,f/
usKyfwdkY olYudkxm;NyD; jyefoGm;awmhr,fqdkwmudkvnf; odoGm;
a&m [kdaumifav;[m bpfvf&JU ajcaxmufudk qJGNyD; arQmhwG,fovdk
wG,fxm;w,f/ olYtazu olYom;udk bpfvfqDu jznf;jznf;csif;
qGJcGmaew,f/ aemufqHk; cGmvdkYvnf;&a&m olYom;udk wtm;csKyfudkif
xm;&w,f/
]]cifAsm; olYudk b,favmufMumMum csKyfudkifxm;rvJ}} vdkY
bpfvu f ar;w,f/
]]&ygw,f? tMumBuD;udkix f m;vdYk &ygw,f}} wJh ]]'gayrJh aocsm
ayguf ajymEdkifwmuawmh olYudk usKyf q,frdepfavmufawmh csKyfudk
xm;Ekid yf gw,f/
]]q,fred pfqkd&if rqdk;bl;/ usKyfwkdYtwGuf vHkavmufw,f}}vdkY
bpfvfu jyefajymw,f/ ]]q,fred pftwGif;rSm uRefawmf[m tv,f
ydkif;? awmifydki;f eJY taemuftv,fykdi;f jynfe,fawGukd jzwfNyD; uae'g
Ekid if He,fpyfudk ta&muf r&&atmif 'kef;pdkif;oGm;ygr,f}} wJh/
pum;qHk;wmeJY wpfNydKifeuf bpfvf[m tarSmifxkudk jzwfNyD;
ajy;xGufoGm;vdkufwm avxufawmif jrefvdrfhr,f xifw,f/ usKyf
olYudk rDatmif 'kef;pdkif;ayr,fh rrDbl;As/ olu usKyf&JU a&SUwpf rdkifcJG
avmuftxd a&mufoGm;NyD/
    
108 armifxGef;ol
       

axmifwiG ;f &Sd zdeyfcsKyf tvky½f x
kH wJ iG f *sirf AD mvifwikd ;f onf tvkyrf sm;
vsuf&Sd\/ xdktcdkuw f Gif axmift&m&SdwpfOD; a&mufvmNyD; *sifrDtm;
½Hk;cef;qDodkY ac:oGm;onf/ ½Hk;cef;xJta&mufwGif *sirf Dtm; ta&;BuD;
aom pm&Guw f pf&u G af y;onf/ pm&Guu f *sirf t D m; axmifrS vTwv f ku
d f
NyD[k today;onf/
*sifrDonf aysmf&Tif[efvnf; rjy? pdwf0ifpm;[efvnf; rjybJ
pm&Gufukd ,lonf/ olYtm; axmifxJü av;ESpw f w
d d ae&ef ydkYvkdujf cif;
jzpf\/
tck ola&mufcJhonfrSm q,fvrQ&SdcJhNyD/ trSeftm;jzifh olonf
oHk;vrQom Mumvdrhrf nf[k arQmfvifhxm;cJhonf/ olYrdwfaqGtrsm;
tjym;onf axmiftjyifü &Sdae\/ rdwfaqGtaygif;toif;rsm;aom
vlwpfa,mufonf axmifxJü tcsed Mf umMum ae&avh r&S/d xdkYaMumifh
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t,fvrf dk;bPfwGif tmrcHaowåmBuD;wpfvHk; a&mufaeonf/
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d / þaowåmopfBuD;tm; vlwdkif; jrifawGUapvdkaom qE´vnf;
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jyif;jyvsuf&So d nf/ aowåmBuD;rSm tcef;i,f wpfcef;pmrQ BuD;rm;

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xdkwHcg;udk em&Djzifh xdef;csKyfxm;onf/ em&Dudk toHk;jyKjcif;
tm;jzifh wHcg;udk bPfolaX;u yGifhapvdkaom tcsdefwpfcsdefudk
owfrSwfí yGifhatmif zGifhEdkifonf/ useftcsdefrsm;wGifrl þaowåmudk
bPfykid &f iS t
f ygt0if rnfolurS zGií hf r&/ rpöwmat'rfu xdkaowåm
taMumif;udk ol\oruf rpöwmpyifqmtm; &Si;f jyonf/
rpöwm pyifqmonf aowåmtay:wGif pdwf0ifpm;onfh t&dyf
vu©Pmawmh jy\/ odkYaomfvnf; vkyfenf;vkyf[efrsm;tay: em;
vnfyHkr&/ uav;ESpfa,muf jzpfaom arESifh tuf*gomwdkYuawmh
aowåm\ tqrwefav;vHaom oHrPdwHcg;BuD;ukd Munhu f m &Tijf rL;
aeMuavonf/
bPfrdom;pk0ifrsm; ,if;uJhodkY tvkyf½IyfaecsdefwGif &Jt&m&Sd
bify½dkufpfonf bPfxJokdY 0ifvmNyD; [dk[ko d nfonf avQmufMunhf
aeonf/ bPfrS vli,f0efxrf;wpfa,muftm; olvmonfrSm bPf
ESifh ywfoufaom udpö&Sdí vmjcif;r[kwf/ csdef;xm;onfh vlwpf
a,uftm; apmif&h efvmjcif; jzpfonf[kvnf; ajymonf/
xdktcdkufrSmyif rdef;rtkyfpkqDrS tvefYwMum; atmfoHwpfoH
Mum;vdkufMu\/ olwdkYonf pum;vufqHkusaeMuojzifh uav;
rsm;tm; *½kwpdkuf rMunhfrd/ udk;ESpo f rD; ]]ar}}onf aqmhupm;
&if;ESihf tmrcHaowåmwHcg;BuD;udk wGe;f í ydwv f kduo
f nf/ xdktcsdew
f Gif
aowåmBuD;twGif;odkY a&mufaeaom tuf*gomonf twGif;rS ydwfrd
vsuo f m; jzpfomG ;cJhav\/
120 armifxGef;ol
bPfolaX;tbdk;BuD;onf wHcg;udk uaomursm; ajy;zGiho f nf/

wHcg;udk tm;pdkuí f qGJaomfvnf; ryGi/hf ]]wHcg;udk zGiv hf kYd r&awmhb;l }}
[k xdwv f efYwMum; atmfajymonf/ ]]em&Duvnf; tckxufxd rqif
&ao;bl;? vkyMf uygOD;/ b,fvkdvkyMf u&if aumif;rvJ}}
tuf*gom\ rdcifuvnf; tvefYwMum; atmf[pfum ysm,m
cwfvsuf &S\ d / ]]aeMuprf;ygOD;[,f/ yg;pyfawG ydwfxm;NyD; NidrNf idrf
aeMuprf;yg}} [k rpöwm at'rfu wm;onf/ olonf aowåmwHcg;
em;odkY uyfum ]]tuf*gom}} [k toHukef[pfí atmfac:onf/
]]bdk;bdk; ajymwm Mum;vm;/ em;axmifprf;}}
olwdkYonf twGif;rS uav;oHudk Mum;Mu&\/ toHrSm oJhoJh
uav;rQom jzpfonf/ tarSmifxkwGif;í a&mufaeaom uav;onf
tvGet f rif; xdwv f efYaMumuf&HUG aevdrhrf nfrSm rvGJay/
]]u,fMuygOD;--&Sif uRefrorD;uav; ao&ygawmhr,f}} [k
tuf*gom\ taru atmfonf/ ]]wHcg;zGiMhf uygOD;/ &Siw f kdY a,mufsm;
awG bmrS rvkyfwwfMuawmhbl;vm;}}
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]]'kuy© gyJ Asm 'Dr,f pyifqm? wdYk b,fvkv d kyMf u&if aumif;rvJ/
pOf;pm;prf;ygOD;/ txJrSm MumMumae&if uav;aorSmyJ/ avr&Sw d meJY
yJ aorSm/ NyD;awmh odyaf Mumuf&ifvnf; aorSmyJ}}
,cktcgwGif tuf*gom\ rdcifonf t½l;wpfa,mufvdk
jzpfaecJhavNyD/ olronf aowåmwHcg;udk vufoD;rsm;ESifh xkum
tuf*gom\ emrnfudk waMumfaMumf atmfac:aeonf/ tefemb,f
onf *sifrDtm; vSnhfMunhfonf/ olr\ rsufvHk;tpHkonf tm;udk;

tm;xm;jyKvdkonfh oabmygonf/
]]u,fygOD;/ &Sif ru,fEdkifawmhbl;vm;}} [k ajymaeonfhES,f
&Sd\/ rdef;rwpfa,mufonf olcspfaom a,mufsm;wpfa,muftay:
tm;udk;orIjyKwwfonfrmS obm0yif r[kwyf gavm/
]]&Sif bmrS vkyfray;Ekdifawmhbl;vm; &yfzf&,f/ wpfckckawmh
vkyMf unhyf gOD;}}
*sifrDonf tvGefxl;qef;aom tMunhfjzifh tefemb,ftm;
jyefMunhfonf/ olYrsufvHk;rsm;onf odrfarGUjcif;ESifh El;nhHaysmhaysmif;
jcif;wdkYudk azmfjyaeonf/ EIwfcrf;rsm;wGifvnf; xl;qef;aom tjyHK;
&dy0f ifaeonf/
]]tefemb,f rif;yefxm;wJh yef;uav; armifhudk ay;ygvm;}}
[lí *sirf Du avat;uav;jzifh ajymonf/
tefemb,fonf Mum;vdkuf&onfh pum;twGuf olYem;ol r,Hk
Edkiaf tmif jzpfaeonf/
odkYaomfvnf; uysmu,m acgif;rS yef;udkjzKwfum *sifrDvufodkY
vSrf;ay;onf/ *sifrDonf yef;udk wpfae&mü csxm;vdkufonf/
xdkYaemuf olYukwt f usÐudk cRwfvdkufonf/ þtjyKtrlonf þae&m
ü ]]&yfz'f Dpyfqm}} qdkol vHk;0 aysmufuG,foGm;NyD; xdkae&mü ]]*sirf D
Avifwkdi;f }} 0ifa&mufomG ;NyD[k azmfjyvdkujf cif;aywnf;/
]]tm;vHk; aowåmem;u z,fay;Muyg}} [k olu ajymonf/
olonf olYvufqGJtw d fukd ,lNyD; pm;yGJay: wifvkduo f nf/ tdwf
udk zGiu hf m twGi;f rS ypön;f rsm;udk xkw, f lonf/ xdktcsed rf pS í olonf
olYteD;ü vlawG&daS eonfukd rodawmh/ olonf ud&d,mrsm;udk pm;yGJ
122 armifxGef;ol
ay:ü tpOfvdkuf wef;pDí csonf/ ab;rS vlrsm;onf vHk;0vIyf&Sm;

jcif; rjyKEdkiaf wmhbJ olYtvkyfudk pdwftm;xufoefpGmjzifh 0dkif;Munhf
aeMuavonf/
aemufwpfrdepftwGif; *sifrDonf wHcg;ESifh tvkyf½Iyfaeonf/
q,frdepfcefYtMumwGifrl tmrcHaowåm\ oHrPdwHcg;onf yGifh
oGm;onf/ olvkyfaeustvkyfrsm;xuf ydkí vsifjrefpGm NyD;pD;oGm;jcif;
jzpf\/
tuf*gomonf olYrcd if\ vufwiG ;f odkY a&mufomG ;cJhavNyD/
*sirf Donf olYukwt f usÐukd jyef,lNyD; 0wfvkud o f nf/ apmapmu
csxm;onfh yef;udk aumuf,lNyD; bPfwHcg;qDodkY avQmufoGm;onf/
olaY emufrS ]]&yfz}f } [k ac:vdkuo
f u H kd Mum;onf/ odaYk omfvnf; olonf
r&yfawmhbJ qufomG ;onf/
]][,fvkd bif}} [k *sifrDu xl;qef;aom tjyHK;jzifh EIwfquf
onf/ ]]aemufqHk;usawmh cifAsm;udk,fwkdifyJ 'Dae&mudk a&mufvm
&wmayghav [kwfvm;/ uJ oGm;MupdkY/ tckrSawmh rxl;awmhygbl;/
uRefawmfhtaeeJY bmudkrS *½krpdkuaf wmhygbl;}}
xdktcg bify½dkupf b f ufrS tvGex f l;qef;aom tjyKtrlukd jrif&
onf/
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rpöwm pyifqm}} [k bifu jyefajymonf/ ]]uRefawmfuawmh cifAsm;
udk rodbl;vdkY ,HkMunfxm;w,f}}
xdkYaemuf bify½dkufpfonf aemufodkY vSnfhum vrf;ay:twdkif;
cyfjznf;jznf; avQmufomG ;vsuf &Sad vonf/
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wpfaeYaom eHeufwiG f &Dt*kd &ef;'D; e,fpyfc½dkif e,fajr&Sd tar&duef
jynfaxmifpk w&m;olBuD;onf atmufygtwdkif; a&;xm;onfh pmudk
ol\ pmxnhyf k;H xJrS &&Sdonf/
w&m;olBuD;
cifAsm; usKyfukd axmif'Pfav;ESpf tjypfay;vdkuw f Jh tcsed u
f
usKyfukd xdcdkuf epfemapwJh pum;awG ajymcJhw,f/ tJ'Dpum;awG
xJrSm cifAsm;u usKyfudk tqdyftvGefjyif;wJh a>rqdk;wpfaumif
vdkY ac:cJhw,f/ [kwfw,f usKyf[m a>rqdk;wpfaumifyJ/ tck
qdk&if cifAsm; usKyf&JUweG o
f Hukd Mum;&NyD/ usKyfaxmifxJ a&mufNyD;
vdkY wpfESpftMumrSm usKyforD; aooGm;cJhw,f/ tm;vHk;u
ajymMuw,f/ qif;&JiwfjywfNyD; *kPfodu©mr&Sd ao&wmwJh/
cifAsm;rSm orD; wpfa,muf&Sdw,f r[kwv f m; w&m;olBuD;rif;/
orD;wpfa,muf qHk;½HI;&if b,fvdk cHpm;&w,fqdkwm cifAsm;
odatmif usKyfvkyfjyr,f/ NyD;awmh usKyfudk axmifrususatmif
ajymcJhwJh [dktpdk;&a&SUaeaumifudkvnf; usKyf udkufrSm/ usKyftck
axmifu vGwfvmNyD/ usKyf pum;rsm;rsm; rajymbl;/ tck
124 armifxGef;ol
'Dpm[m usKyf&JU a>rwGefoHyJ/ usKyfu aygufvdkufwJh tcgrSm

om rxdatmif a&SmifMuayawmh/
av;pm;pGmjzifh
a>rqdk;
w&m;olBuD; 'g0ifhonf pmudk *½kwpdkuf rzwfawmhbJ ab;odkY
ypfcsxm;vdkuf\/ tckvdk a&mufa&mufvmwwfonfh Ncdrf;ajcmufpm
rsdK;awGudk ol &cJhzl;aygif; rsm;NyD/ ol ppfaq;tjypfay;ojzifh 'ku©
okca&mufoGm;Mu&onfh vlrsm;onf þpmrsdK;awGudk a&;wwfMupjrJ
jzpf\/ þpmudk zwf&onfhtwGuf enf;enf;uav;rSyif xdwfvefY
aMumuf&GHUjcif; rjzpf/ aemufydkif;wGif olonf xdkpmudk vl&G,fwpfOD;
jzpfaom tpkd;&a&SUae vpfwpfzD;vftm; jyonf/ pmxJwGif vpfwpf
zD;vf\ emrnfygaeí jyjcif;jzpf\/ w&m;olBuD; 'g0ifhonf olESifh
ol\ vkyaf zmfukdizf ufrsm; tMum;ü ta&;udpö ay:vmvQif tao;tzGJ
utp *½kwpdkuf ajymqdkjyowwfaomtusifh &Sdavonf/
vpfwpfzD;vfonf olESifh ywfoufí a&;xm;onfh pm&Sif\
Ncdr;f ajcmufcsufokYd zwfum pufqkyf&H&G Smaom rsufESmxm;jzifh jyHK;vdkuf
onf/ odakY omfvnf; w&m;olBuD;\ orD;ESihf ywfoufí a&;xm;onfh
tcsufrsm;udkrlum; olYpdwfxJwGif pEdk;paemifh jzpfrdonf/ tb,f
aMumifh[lrl olESifh w&m;olBuD;\ orD; eefpD'g0ifhwdkYonf vmrnfh
aqmif;&moDwiG f vufxyf&ef pDpOfxm;aomaMumifah ywnf;/
vpfwpfzD;vfonf w&m;½Hk; pma&;xHoGm;um pma&;\ tul
tnDjzifh tjypfus w&m;cHrsm;\ rSwfwrf;rsm;udk jyefí &SmazGavhvm
onf/ þpmudk a&;olonf vGefcJhaom av;ESpfcefYu vlaorIjzifh
axmifusomG ;cJhonfh e,fpyfrS ruúpu D ef ujym;vlqk;d ruúqDukd qifrf
qdkol jzpfvdrhrf nf[k olwdkYESpfa,muf qHk;jzwfMuonf/ xdkYaemufawmh
rsm;jym;vSaom wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;aMumifh þudpöonf arharhaysmuf

aysmufjzpfoGm;onf/ vufpm;acsrnf[k Budrf;armif;vdkufoludkvnf;
owdr&awmhay/
ba&mif;pfAD;vfNrdKUay:rS w&m;½Hk;onf trIrsm;udk Mum;emppfaq;
vsuf &Sdonf/ ppfaq;aeonfh trIrsm;rSm trsm;tm;jzifh arSmifcdkrI?
aiGtwkvkyfrI? pmwdkuf"m;jyrIrsm;ESifh jynfaxmifpktpdk;&\ e,fjcm;
Oya'csdK;azmufrIrsm; jzpf\/ ,if;trIrsm;teuf wpfrIrSm ruúqDuef
vli,f &maz;atmfwpfZ\ f trIjzpfonf/ vdrm® yg;eyfvaS om vufaxmuf
&Jt&m&SdwpfOD;\ uRrf;usifrIaMumifh wpfa':vmwef aiG'*Fg;wpfjym;
udk oHk;pGJaepOf atmfwpfZt f m; vufyl;vufMuyf zrf;rdcJhjcif; jzpf\/
atmfwpfZfonf ,if;uJhodkY r½dk;om;aomtvkyfrsm;udk vkyfudkifvsuf
&dSonf[k owif;xGufaeonfrSm MumcJhNyD/ odkYaomfvnf; vufyl;
vufMuyf zrf;qD;&rdcjhJ cif; r&d/S ,ckwpfBudro f nf oufao taxmuf
txm; cdkiv f HkpGmjzifh yxrqHk;tBudrf zrf;rdcJjh cif; jzpfonf/
,cktcgwGif atmfwpfZfonf axmifxJrSaeí tndKa&mif
pD;u&ufrsm;udk aomufom olYtrI ½Hk;wifppfaq;rnfhtcsdefudk pdwf
vufñId;i,fpGmjzifh apmifhpm;vsuf&dS\/ vufaxmuf&Jt&m&dS upfvf
yufx&pfonf aiGwk'*Fgjym;udk ,lvmNyD; w&m;½Hk;twGif;&dS ½Hk;cef;
wpfcef;xJrS tpdk;& a&SUaevufxJokdY vTJajymif;ay;tyfonf/ xdkYaemuf
olESihf emrnfBuD; aq;qdkifydkif&SifwkYod nf atmfwpfZu f dk,fwkdif aq;qdkif
odkY vmí aq;wpfykvif; 0,f,laMumif;/ xdkuJodkY vm0,fpOfu
þaiG'*Fg;twkudk atmfwpfZfudk,w f dkif ay;cJhaMumif; ponfh tcsuf
rsm;udk usrf;usdefí xGufqdkEdki&f ef BudKwifjyifqifvsuf &dSMuonf/
aiG'*Fg;wkrmS yDyjD yifjyif r&d/S tvGen
f haH om twkjzpfí tppfvkd xljcif;?
rmjcif;r&dS/ ta&miftqif;uvnf; rSdefonf/ cJudk jyKvkyfxm;jcif;
jzpfí þrQavmuf nhHzsi;f jcif;jzpf\/
126 armifxGef;ol
tpdk;&a&SUae vpfwpfzD;vfonf atmfwpfZf\ trIppfaq;rnfh?

eHeufrwdkifrD wpf&ufwGif ,if;trItwGuf BudKwifzwf½Iavhvmjcif;
jyKavonf/
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wpfa,mufudkawmif ac:NyD; ppfaq;aezdkY vdkr,frxifbl; upfvf}}[k
vpfwpfzD;vfu ol udkifMunfhaeonfh aiG'*Fg;twkudk pm;yGJay: jyefcs
vdkuNf yD; ajymonf/ aiG'*Fg;usomG ;onfhtoHrSm cyftt/
]]'DwpfcsDawmh *&D;qm;udk cifAsm;tay:pD;&zdkY aocsmNyDvdkUY
uRefawmf xifw,f}}[k vufaxmuf &Jt&m&dSu olYchg;rS ajcmufvHk;
jyL;tdwuf kd ab;em;odkY a&mufoGm;atmif wGe;f z,fvku
d Nf yD; ajymonf/
]]'Da umif a v;u aiGp uú Ltwkv kyf wJ h* d kP f ; u *dkP f; om;
wpfa,mufAs/ uRefawmf aumif;aumif;odw,f/ olYukd tckvkd vufy;l
vufMuyf zrf;rdwm 'g yxrqHk;tBudrfyJ/ 'Daumifav;rSm &nf;pm;
&dSw,f odvm;/ jrpfurf;yg;u ruúqDueftkyfpkxJrSm aew,f/ 'D
aumifrav;udk uRefawmf vdkuvf kduNf yD; acsmif;aewkef;u jrifzl;wm
aumifrav;u tacsmom;As/ EGm;rwef;rav; usaewmyJ}}
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tdwfuyfxJodkY xnfhvdkufonf/ trIwGJzdkifudk pmtdwfwpfvHk;xJodkY
xnfh onf/ xdktcdkufwGif tvGefacsmarmvSNyD; cspfp&maumif;aom
rsuEf Smwpfckonf wHcg;0rS ay:vmonf/ eefp'D g0ifhaywnf;/
]]uaeY wpfq,fhESpef m&DrSm trIukd &ufcsdef;ay;NyD; reufjzefusrS
pppfr,fqdk [kwv
f m;}} [k vpfwpfzD;vftm; vSr;f ar;onf/
]][kww f ,f}} [k vpfwpfzD;vfu ajzonf/ udkvnf; 'gaMumifh

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udk Oya'pmtkyaf wGxJrSm &SmNyD; zwf&OD;r,f/ NyD;awmhvnf;}}
]]udkwdkYuawmh 'Dvdkcsnf;yJ/ udkESifh tazu twlwlyJ/ Oya'
pmtkyaf wG rvSeb f J rzwfbJ aewJhtcsdef r&dSoavmufyJ/ eefpD iSufypf
xGucf siv f kYd udkYudk vdkuyf kYad y;zdkY ylqmrvdkYvmwm/ 'D&moDqk&d if ya&;&D;
jrufcif;jyifrSm iSufawG tkyfvdkufusaeNyD/ vdkufrydkYEdkifbl;vdkYawmh
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eefpD&JU jrif; zvdki;f ESifh bufpu f kyd g ac:vmcJhr,f}}
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tm;avsmfpGm wpfa,m,ftvdkukd wpfa,mufu tpGr;f ukef vdkuaf vsm
aeMuonfhtcsdefumv jzpf\/ eef'D0g0if\ tqdkjyKcsufonf tEdkif&
oGm;cJhNyD jzpfonf/ vpfwpfzD;vfonf ol\ pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;udk
uysmu,modrf;vsuf &dSonf/
tjyifrS wHcg;acgufoH ay:vmonf/ upfvfyufx&pf xoGm;
NyD; wHcg;udk zGifhay;onf/ 0ifvmolrSm tvGeaf csmarmvSyonfh rdef;
uav;wpfa,muf/ rsufvHk;rsm;u eufeuf? tom;u t0ga&mif
azsmah zsm?h teufa&mif ydk;y0gwpfxnf acgif;NrD;NcHKxm;NyD; atmufbuf
odkY usaeonfhtpudk vnfyif;wGif uydku½dk ywfxm;onf/
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ylaqG;aomuESifh ruif;aMumif;udk azmfjyaeonf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif
idkoHyg ygvmonf/ vpfwpfzD;vfonf pydepf um;udk em;rvnf/
em;vnfaom vufaxmuf&t J &m&dSu bmomjyefay;onf/
128 armifxGef;ol
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olYemrnfu *sdK,mx&DAD;em;ygwJh/ ol vmawGUwJh udpöuawmh tif;
olu &maz;atmfwpfZfeJY rvGwrf uif; &dSaeyHkyJ/ tif; olu atmfwpfZf
&JU cspo f lwJh/ olu ajymw,f/ atmfwpfZ[ f m tjypfr&dSol wpfa,muf
ygwJ/h aiGtwkukd ol vkyw f mygwJh/ olvkyx f m;wJh aiGtwkukd atmfwpfZf
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