"Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa” was published in March 1896 the first and last edition of the Katipunan

newspaper, the Kalayaan.

A.B. or A.I.B. recognized as "Agapito Bagumbayan," which is the pseudonym of an author of one of the
contributions to the newspaper Kalayaan entitled "What Tagalogs should know." It is believed that
Andres Bonifacio used the pseudonym A.B. or A.I. Although no physical documents of the newspaper
Kalayaan were found, there were two version of the poem found. A familiar Tagalog text of Love is
translated by José P. Santos in 1935 from a handwritten draft. Meanwhile, the version of "Love for the
Homeland found in the archives in Madrid is there is an indication of the handwriting of Emilio Jacinto
because it has the sign Letra de Emilio Jacinto según manifiesta Aguedo del Rosario. It does not match
the identity of the author Andres Bonifacio but the possible reason for Jacinto's handwriting of poetry is
the preparation of the work in its publication in Kalayaan.

- Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Bayan is a poem that Pio Valenzuela related to Andres Bonifacio, Father of the
Philippine Revolution and the Katipunan.

The author promotes the equality of people long before the ordinances were published, oppression of
cruelty. He also believes that the truth cannot be known beyond the law of nature because only the
Lord rules the universe.

CONTEXT ANALYSIS

Political Factors
Under the rule of the Spaniards, the Philippines had a single government who walks the country. 
The Spanish colonial policy was not designed not only to conquer the Philippines, but also to benefit
from the fertile natural wealth here.  The unacceptable system of taxation, arbitrary and unfair
forced labor, monopoly galleon trade, and strict policies in terms of trade and agriculture, it has led
to an unbalanced economy. It abused the Filipino workers who did not benefit from their hard
work.
Cultural Factors
An important contribution of the Spaniards to our culture is propagation they have Christianity as
the main religion in the country.  Although it is a positive one influence, became the partner of its
propagation was the unfair church leaders treat the friars, the Filipinos.  Used by friar the teachings
of the church so that they can collect money from the Filipinos. They cannot be sued in the high
court because they have a strong attachment to government.

Social Factors
During the Spanish conquest, there was a social classification.
Peninsulares Spanish blood born in Spain
Insulares Caste bloods born in the Philippines
Mestizos Filipinos mixed with Spanish / Chinese / Filipino blood
Ilustrado Educated Filipinos who have learned about ideologies from Europe
Principalia Among the leaders of the pueblo and usually educated
Indio Pure native Filipinos

The use of the term Indio during the Spanish period is common mixed insults to native Filipinos.  It
has a hint of being a creature low social status, lazy, and ignorant.  Even in laws and official
documents such as cedula personal are clearly excluded and contemptible Indios as a race.
Indians as a race.
Although the Indios were looked down upon, they were useful to the colonizer.  They are the main
source of taxes and other types of taxes;  became workers who built churches, buildings and vessels
and timber cutters; and served as an added force of their army during the wars at expedition.

Andres Bonifacio wants to convey the text he has written to various main and secondary audience
readers.  The main reader he wants delivered the message are the Filipinos living during the
revolution and the current generation of Filipino people.  He wanted to call attention of these
audiences to continue to ignite in the heart the love for the country.  For the Filipinos along with
Bonifacio who fought for the independence of the country, the text strengthens these brave people
so as not to be afraid to show off love of country, even in exchange for their own lives.

The unique secondary reader that Bonifacio wants to reach his poetry is the conquerors, specifically
the Spaniards.  The writer wants to inform Spaniards that they are disgusting because of the
oppression they have inflicted on the Filipinos but in spite of their insults, the people's love for town
so it succeeded in freeing the town from the power of the Spaniards. The motherland is for Filipinos
only and should not be subjected to anyone
foreign.

Because the book has a different audience, it has its own reaction that must be met.  Bonifacio
expects the people to feel hatred, his Filipino partner in advancing the country's independence. 
This hatred is will serve as a spark of fire in the heart of every Filipino revolutionary to have
stronger reason to fight for the country.  The context of hatred here is only one initial reaction that
will cause Filipinos to do more significant action.

For the current generation of Filipinos, the author hopes that they should feel a stronger love for
the Philippines.
Above all, Bonifacio wanted the Spaniards to feel that they were guilty of Filipinos before because
they became responsible for the lives that lost and rights trampled on during their conquest.  It
does not have much effect on current Spanish, it is still part of their history so should learn they do
not repeat it in any country.  This reaction is not just that will bring atonement for the sins of the
Spaniards before but also for the peace of worldwide because of oppression, revolution and war are
more avoidable.

There is a definite reason if why Bonifacio wrote the poem. The publication of this poem is a
response to over 300 years Spanish conquest to the
Philippines.  Suggested by Bonifacio the
state of the town and of the living here under
power of the Spaniards by
poem "Pag-ibig as Tinubuang Bayan."
In accordance with the reaction expected by
Bonifacio to the readers of his poem, these audiences have their own response action to their
reaction.  For the Bonifacio's partner in the struggle against the Spaniards, the demanded poetry
action is to be the ones Filipino revolutionary arrival in war. Their love for the country would be
meaningless if they did not work together in the fight. The text caused to wake up the readers to
have a clear plan and a solid war strategy.

The argument proposed by Andres Bonifacio is that slavery is linked to the identity of Filipinos,
which is why our view is lowered.  For this reason, Bonfacio wants to say in the poem that despite
the widespread grief, betrayal and insult, and despite the Spaniards' failure to fulfill their promise to
develop the country, Filipinos must learn to stand up  itself and no longer rely on others.  Filipinos
must be united in thought, deed, and outlook, in order to have enough strength to fight evil.  The
strength of the people must be devoted to goodness in order to achieve the desired development
of the country of birth.

"The emotions to which the text appeals"

"Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa" is a passionate and patriotic poem by Andres Bonifacio so it indicates
patriotism.  The text inspires a variety of emotions - from hatred, love to repentance.
Evidence of the identity of the text as the work of Andres Bonifacio, stated in the orthography of
the text published by José P. Santos, is the strange spelling of the words.  Some specific words in the
text are used spellings where "g" is followed by "ui" used by Bonifacio according to condition and
form.
Meanwhile, in the text found in Madrid which is said to be Emilio Jacinto's version, the strange
spelling of the words cannot be seen.
The main method Bonifacio used to express his feelings was the use of tayutays.  A sentence is a
word or a statement used to emphasize a thought or feeling.  to is a deliberate departure from the
usual use of words to make the expression effective, figurative, colorful and attractive.  Some
examples of tayutay used in poetry are personification, calling, mocking, transliteration, rhetorical
questions, resentment, simile, vision, and analogy.

Based on the version of the poem found from the military archives in Madrid, the first four lines
here are not included in the version published by José P. Santos.  These lines are from the 33rd
chapter of the first edition of Noli Me Tangere written in Spanish.
Panaho'y matamis sa tinubuang Bayan
at pawang panglugod ang balang matanauan[?],
ang simoy sa parang ay panghatid buhay,
tapat ang pagirog, sulit ang mamatay.
It may have been Emilio Jacinto who deleted this part of the poem.  It is said that
found version in Madrid is just a draft and the version published by José P. Santos has a sign that it
was handwritten by Emilio Jacinto and is a newer version.
Perhaps, when Jacinto was preparing to publish Bonifacio's poem in the newspaper Kalayaan, he
decided not to include it in the final version of the poem.
Poetry has various elements that show its structure.  Based on the version published by José P.
Santos, this is the structure of the poem:
The main size of the poem will be twelve because each line consists of twelve syllables.  Even
though this is almost the whole text, there are still some lines with more than twelve syllables,
specifically the 3rd line in the 1st, 16th, and 17th stanzas, 1st line in the 4th and  13th stanza, 2nd
line in 5th stanza, and 4th line in 26th stanza.
When it comes to stanzas, the poem has a total of 28 stanzas with 4 verses each.
In terms of match, mixed vowel match or full match and match
consonant or imperfect match is demonstrated in the text.  Above all, one of the beauties of
Bonifacio's poetry is his use of beauty and parables to deepen the meaning of the work.

Pagibig sa Tinubuang Lupa is considered to be a poetic translation by Andres Bonifacio in Dr.  Jose
Rizal, Amor Patrio published in the Tagalog Diary in 1882. "Amor Patrio" in Tagalog is "Pag-ibig sa
Tinubuan Lupa" about love for the homeland and patriotism, love for family and religion, and saying
whatever  no matter what the circumstances, we should only love him and should instill in our
minds the desire for his healing.
According to the draft found from the military archives in Madrid, the first four lines in the
document came from the 33rd chapter of the first edition of Noli Me Tangere written in Spanish. 
Because of this, Andres Bonifacio may have been inspired by this particular part of Dr.  Jose Rizal in
writing the poem Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Bayan.
Another possible basis for Andres onifacio's writing of the poem was his translation of Mi Ultimo
Adios which was also written by Dr.  Jose Rizal. According to the purpose of the two texts which
refers to the need of the Filipino to stand on his own two feet in order to defend his own
upbringing.
CONTENT ANALYSIS

If we analyze the content or content of the statement, we will see that in each stanza we will show
the culture of Andres Bonifacio and show the great love for the motherland.  Each verse has a
conviction and expresses the true feelings of Andres Bonifacio during the times he was writing. 
Other sources also state that Andres Bonifacio was the author of the statement and it was later
translated into English by Teodoro Agoncillo.
There are other words in the statement whose consonant is followed by
two vowels like "ui" for example are words "guinhawa", "ibiguin", "guiliw" and "palaging".  There
are also times when it is not used two vowels consecutive vowels in the statement.
Andres Bonifacio is known as the author because of what is written below "initials" or beginning of
his name beginning with A.B.
It is rumored that the statement was just copied by Emilio Jacinto for forthcoming publication of
statements and he is tasked with arranging or
edit it.  But because of the evidence found in the statement is realized that Andres Bonifacio wrote
this verse.

1
Aling pag-ibig
pa ang hihigit kaya
Sa pagkadalisay at pagkadakila
Gaya ng pag-ibig sa tinub'ang lupa?
Aling pag-ibig pa? Wala na nga, wala
2
Ulit-ulitin mang basahin ng isip
At isa-isahing talastasing pilit
Ang salita't buhay na limbag at titik
Ng sangkatauhan ito'y namamasid.
3
Banal na Pag-ibig! Pag ikaw ang nuka
Sa tapas na puso ng sino't alinman,
Imbi't taong-gubat, maralita't
mangmang
Nagiging dakila at iginagalang.

Here the author immediately felt that the deepest love is love for the country.  Serving or giving
oneself to one's homeland and / or ancestral land is not recognized as high or low class person,
everyone who does it is brave, courageous, and should only be respected.

4
Pagpupuring lubos ang palaging hangad
Sa bayan ng taong may dangal na ingat:
Umawit, tumulo, kumatha't sumulat,
Kalakhan din niyay isinisiwalat.
5
Walang mahalagang hindi inihandog
Ng may pusong mahal sa Bayang nagkupko
Dugo, yaman, dunong, katiisa't pagod,
Buhay ma'y abuting magkalagot - lagot.

Here, on the other hand, the author aims to dedicate everything a person does to his hometown. 
Use the art, knowledge, and talents as well as the strengths and all the resources to uphold the
identity of the homeland.
6
Bakit? Alin ito na sakdal
Na hinahandugan ng buong pagkasi?
Na sa lalong mahal nakapangyayari
At ginugugulan ng buhay na iwi?
7
Ay! Ito'y ang Inang Bayang tinubuan,
Siya'y ina't tangi na kinamulatan
Ng kawili-wiling liwanag ng araw
Na nagbigay-init sa luno ng katawan.

Andres left a challenge or question in these stanzas.  He awakens the spirit and heart of the person
who forgets to serve the motherland faithfully.  On the whole, this poem was used to really
encourage Filipinos to be patriotic.

8
Sa kaniya'y utang ang unang pagtanggap
Ng simoy ng hanging nagbibigay-lunas
Sa inis na puso na sisinghap-singhap
Sa balong malalim ng siphayo't hirap.
9
Kalakip din nito'y pag-ibig sa Bayan
Ang lahat ng lalong sa gunita'y mahal
Mula sa masaya't gasong kasanggulan
Hanggang sa katawa'y mapasalibingan.
10
Ang nangakaraang panahon ng aliw,
Ang inaasahang araw na darating
Ng pagkat i mawa ng mga alipin,
Liban pa sa Bayan saan tatanghalin?
11
At ang bala ng kahoy at ang bala ng sanga
Ng parang n'ya't gubat na kaaya-aya,
Sukat ang makita't sasaalaala
Ang ina't ang giliw, lumipas na saya.
12
Tubig n'yang malinaw na anaki'y bubog,
Bukal sa batisang nagkalat sa bundok,
Malambot na huni ng matuling agos.
Na nakaaaliw sa pusong may lungkot.
13
Sa aba ng abang mawalay sa Bayan!
Gunita ma'y laging sakbibi ng lumbay,
Walang alaala't inaasam-asam
Kundi ang makita'y lupang tinubuan.

A look back at the beauty and security of the town is commemorated in these stanzas.  The author
reminds us that their homeland is them, it is prosperous and should be enjoyed and even more
excited by its inhabitants.  Anyone who is said to be away from this homeland is sad and hopes that
he will be able to return immediately.

14
Pati ng magdusa't sampung kamatayan
Wari ay masarap kung dahil sa Bayan
At lalong maghirap, Ol himalang bagay,
Lalong pag-irog pa ang sa kanya'y alay.

Here Andrew points out that suffering to suffer, die and sacrifice with all love to defend and revive
the country is the most historic thing anyone can do.

15
Kung ang Bayang ito'y nasasapanganib
At siya ay dapat na ipagtangkilik,
Ang anak, asawa, magulang, kapatid
Isang tawag niya'y tatalikdang pilit.
16
Dapwat kung ang bayan ng Katagalugan
Ay nilapastangan at niyuyurakan
Katuwiran, puri niya't kamahalan
Ng sama ng lilong taga-ibang bayan.

Here there is an emphasis that if the people are oppressed, especially by foreigners, there must be
unity and solidarity to defend the people.  Resistance should not be ignored if freedom depends.

17
Di gaano kaya ang paghihinagpis
Ng pusong Tagalog sa puring nilait?
Aling kalooban na lalong tahimik
Ang di pupukawin sa paghihimagsik?
18
Saan magbubuhat ang paghinay-hinay
Sa paghihiganti gumugol ng buhay
Kung wala ding iba na kasasadlakan
Kundi ang lugami sa kaalipinan

It says that rebellion aims to open our minds, hearts, and minds to fight slavery in the country. 
Inactivity and procrastination can only aggravate the grief of one's homeland.  Bonifacio's Tagalog
identity is noticeable because of the regionalism
customs of the Philippines.  We did not experience freedom at that time.

19
Kung ang pagkabaon nyat
pagkabusabos
Sa lusak ng sayat tunay na pag-ayop.
Supil ng panghampas, tanikalang gap
At luha na lamang ang pinaaagos?
20
Sa kaniyang anyo y sino ang tutungha
Na di aakayin sa gawang
magdamdam?
Pusong naglilipak sa pagkasukaban
Ang hindi gumugol ng dugo at buhay.
21
Mangyayari kaya na ito'y masulyap
Ng mga Tagalog at hindi lumingap
Sa naghihingalong Inang nasa yapak
Na kasuklam-suklam sa Kastilang
hamak?
22
Nasaan ang dangal ng mga Tagalog?
Nasaan ang dugong dapat na ibuhos?
Baya y inaapi bakit di kumilos
At natitilihang ito y mapanuod?

No one can cure the destruction of the motherland but its own children.  This is the message of
these stanzas.  It asks the sleeping conscience of Filipinos whether they will really allow foreigners
to despise and belittle their country. These stanzas have a strong challenging theme.

23
Hayo na nga kayo, kayong nangabuhay
Sa pag-asang lubos na kaginhawahan
At walang tinamo kundi kapaitan
Hayo na't ibigin ang naabang Bayan.
24
Kayong natuy an na sa kapapasakit
Ng dakilang hangad sa batis ng dibdib,
Muling pabalungit tunay na pag-ibig
Kusang ibulalas sa Bayang piniit.
25
Kayong nalagasan ng bunga't bulaklak,
Kahoy nyaring buhay na nilanta't sukat
Ng bala-balaki't makapal na hirap,
Muling manariwali sa Baya'y lumiyag.
26
Kayong mga pusong kusang napapagal
Ng daya at bagsik ng ganid na asal,
Ngayon ay magbango't Bayan ay itanghal
Agawin sa kuko ng mga sukaban.
27
Kayong mga dukhang walang tanging lasap
Kundi ang mabuhay sa dalitat hirap,
Ampunin ang Bayan kung nasa ay lunas
Pagkat ang ginhawa niya ay sa lahat.

Here you can see the call of the Filipinos to unite and fight against slavery in their homeland.  These
are what the author is looking for, Filipinos who are willing to give everything they have and have to
serve and uplift his people, his countrymen.  Independence and greed for Bonifacio will not rebel.

28
Ipaghandog-handog ang buong pag-ibig
At hanggang may dugo'y ubusang itigis
Kung sa pagtatanggol, buhay ay mapatid
Ito'y kapalaran at tunay na langit.

The last stanza is a reminder that Filipinos should be brave.  He said service and
being alive or dead for the people but it is a truth, an honor, a destiny, and a means of loving all life
and loving the people.

[  ] Bonifacio was a genius when it comes to war or fighting for the people, other than that he also
showed the culture of making poetry for the love of its own country.

Author’s Background

Andres Bonifacio was born on November 30, 1863. His parents were Santiago Bonifacio and
Catalina de Castro.  He attended Guillermo Osmenia Elementary School in Cebu, but his parents
dropped out of school to die of tuberculosis.  At the age of 14, he took care of his younger siblings
Ciriaco, Procopio, Petrona, and Troadio.  Selling canes and fans is their only livelihood.
Even though he is poorly educated, he can read and write.  He also specializes in speaking Spanish. 
So he was able to work as an agent and clerk.  Here he showed his determination and diligence in
his work.  As a result, he became steadfast in his work.
Although difficult, he loves to read books such as Rizal's novel Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, The Lives of the President, Victor's "Les Miserables"
Hugo which he translated into Tagalog, The destruction of Palmyra and the Revolution
French.  He also wrote articles and poems about love for the country, human rights and the
independence of our people. One of the most famous poems he wrote was "Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang
Lupa."
As a result of his readings, his will sparked a revolt and he founded the Katipunan or KKK (Supreme
Reverend Katipunan of the People's Children) on July 7, 1892, after the arrest and deportation of
Drs. . Jose Rizal in Dapitan. He founded the Katipunan with Ladislao Diwa, Teodoro Plata and
Deodato Arellano. Because of this he was recognized as the "Father of the Revolution." And other
members of the congregation called him "Supremo". His wife Gregoria de Jesus is the singer of the
Katipunan. The membership of the Katipunan increased rapidly to various parts of the
Philippines. And in May 1986 they planned to rebel against the Spaniards, but this did not work out
because the Spaniards discovered it. On August 23, 1896, more than 1,Caloocanand there they tore
their cedars at once.
In the midst of the revolution, a meeting was held in Tejeros, Cavite at the request of the
Katipuneros Magdalo who participated from Caviteonly.  Bonifacio chaired the meeting to establish
the Republic of the Philippines. In the election, Aguinaldo is the elected President, Mariano Trias is
the Vice President and Bonifacio is the Secretary. Because Aguinaldo's followers were those under
Bonifacio's power, they underestimated Bonifacio's ability because he was just poor. Bonifacio was
insulted so he used his right as the Supreme Leader of the Katipunan, to annul the election due to
the fraud of the Magdalo in the said bothan. As a result, Aguinaldo accused him of sedition and
treason against the Magdalo.

While not yet released by CaviteBonifacio and his family, Aguinaldo arrested and killed his men
because of his activities against the new government. He was killed in the mountains of
Maragondon,Cavite on May 10, 1897 with his brother Procopio Bonifacio.